146:
740:
220:
234:
192:
178:
206:
749:
164:
116:, a few drops of alcoholic solution of Sudan III are added, the sample is spread on a microscopic slide, and heated twice to boil. Normally a stool sample should show only a few drops of red-orange stained fat under the microscope. The method is only semiquantitative but, due to its simplicity, it is used for
341:
128:
Since they are characteristically oil- and fat-soluble, Sudan dyes are also useful for dyeing plastics and fabrics. Sudan dyes I–IV and Sudan Red G consist of
1082:
1159:
1243:
334:
783:
885:
292:
977:
327:
1114:
676:
1144:
1018:
574:
307:
Larsen, John Chr. "Legal and illegal colors" Trends in Food
Science & Technology (2008), 19(Suppl. 1), S60-S65.
259:, to enhance their colors. This finding has led to controversy because some Sudan dyes are carcinogenic in rats.
1164:
1027:
454:
952:
721:
664:
1238:
716:
490:
1187:
557:
502:
460:
726:
546:
1119:
994:
1056:
1022:
540:
484:
431:
396:
1228:
1223:
1037:
776:
752:
580:
472:
408:
117:
1248:
812:
688:
670:
592:
478:
466:
425:
109:
1154:
643:
631:
598:
219:
648:
626:
1233:
1218:
1171:
1006:
880:
875:
551:
419:
390:
288:
1134:
1032:
744:
604:
414:
308:
280:
233:
39:
27:
1014:
769:
694:
637:
610:
586:
191:
145:
1042:
970:
961:
935:
496:
402:
367:
129:
1212:
1129:
1104:
1072:
956:
947:
931:
855:
682:
621:
616:
225:
205:
177:
67:
761:
1149:
1109:
1092:
867:
705:
700:
163:
79:
1087:
251:
Some spices exported from Asia have been adulterated with Sudan dyes, especially
1197:
1139:
1124:
987:
804:
448:
319:
239:
105:
87:
312:
1192:
1047:
982:
926:
908:
113:
78:
Sudan dyes have high affinity to fats, therefore they are used to demonstrate
284:
903:
850:
840:
256:
197:
101:
63:
55:
965:
940:
918:
845:
835:
792:
362:
211:
183:
137:
133:
91:
59:
51:
35:
1097:
1077:
895:
710:
252:
169:
70:
are important members of this class of compounds (see images below).
822:
83:
47:
800:
765:
323:
90:. Alcoholic solutions of Sudan dyes are usually used, however
31:
1180:
1065:
1005:
917:
894:
866:
821:
799:
657:
567:
533:
512:
441:
383:
376:
355:
136:. Such compounds are known to exist as a pair of
108:. A small sample is dissolved in water or saline,
94:solutions can be used in some situations as well.
277:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
275:Booth, Gerald (2000). "Dyes, General Survey".
777:
335:
112:is added to hydrolyze the insoluble salts of
8:
784:
770:
762:
380:
342:
328:
320:
100:is often used to determine the level of
267:
156:
1083:Jaswant Singh–Bhattacharji (JSB) stain
7:
748:
1160:Grocott's methenamine silver stain
14:
793:Microbial and histological stains
747:
738:
232:
218:
204:
190:
176:
162:
144:
1:
350:Analytical reagents and tests
42:) and are also used to stain
543:(aldehyde & ketones etc)
46:biological samples, usually
1265:
886:Periodic acid–Schiff stain
442:Proteins & amino acids
377:Sugars, fats, and proteins
313:10.1016/j.tifs.2008.07.008
735:
1244:IARC Group 3 carcinogens
1028:Light Green SF yellowish
1019:Masson's trichrome stain
978:Auramine–rhodamine stain
722:Fecal coliform detection
487:(aldehyde & ketones)
481:(aldehyde & ketones)
455:Bicinchoninic acid assay
285:10.1002/14356007.a09_073
717:Pesticide detection kit
677:Folin–Ciocalteu reagent
673:(creates free radicals)
491:Van Slyke determination
279:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
1145:Schaeffer–Fulton stain
1115:Gömöri trichrome stain
575:Dille–Koppanyi reagent
558:Ceric ammonium nitrate
503:Xanthoproteic reaction
461:Bradford protein assay
1120:Luxol fast blue stain
995:Auramine phenol stain
665:Dragendorff's reagent
399:(reducing sugars etc)
384:Sugars & starches
1165:Warthin–Starry stain
1038:Phosphomolybdic acid
745:Chemistry portal
613:(MDMA, opiates, etc)
473:Pierce Protein Assay
409:Aniline acetate test
1181:Tissue stainability
953:Ziehl–Neelsen stain
813:Perls Prussian blue
727:Prion detection kit
593:Gallic acid reagent
554:(types of alcohols)
467:Lowry protein assay
158:Selected Sudan dyes
110:glacial acetic acid
1155:Bielschowsky stain
1057:Van Gieson's stain
1023:Lillie's trichrome
644:Salicylate testing
632:Zimmermann reagent
599:Liebermann reagent
577:(barbiturates etc)
541:Benedict's reagent
485:Fehling's solution
432:Fehling's solution
397:Benedict's reagent
1206:
1205:
1007:Connective tissue
759:
758:
634:(Benzodiazepines)
581:Ehrlich's reagent
529:
528:
434:(reducing sugars)
428:(reducing sugars)
393:(Monosaccharides)
40:plastic colorants
30:that are used as
28:organic compounds
1256:
1033:Biebrich scarlet
786:
779:
772:
763:
751:
750:
743:
742:
741:
689:Melzer's reagent
671:Fenton's reagent
605:Mandelin reagent
595:(drug precursor)
547:Denigés' reagent
479:Tollens' reagent
426:Tollens' reagent
415:Starch indicator
381:
344:
337:
330:
321:
315:
305:
299:
298:
272:
236:
222:
208:
194:
180:
166:
148:
98:Sudan stain test
1264:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1176:
1061:
1015:trichrome stain
1001:
913:
890:
862:
817:
795:
790:
760:
755:
739:
737:
731:
695:Marquis reagent
653:
649:Folin's reagent
638:Zwikker reagent
627:Simon's reagent
611:Marquis reagent
587:Froehde reagent
563:
560:test (alcohols)
525:
508:
475:(total protein)
469:(total protein)
463:(concentration)
457:(concentration)
437:
372:
351:
348:
318:
306:
302:
295:
274:
273:
269:
265:
249:
242:
237:
228:
223:
214:
209:
200:
195:
186:
181:
172:
167:
155:
126:
76:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1262:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1239:Food colorings
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1172:Wright's stain
1169:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1043:Fast Green FCF
1040:
1035:
1030:
1011:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
998:
997:
992:
991:
990:
985:
975:
974:
973:
971:Methylene blue
968:
962:Carbol fuchsin
945:
944:
943:
938:
936:Gentian violet
923:
921:
915:
914:
912:
911:
906:
900:
898:
892:
891:
889:
888:
883:
878:
872:
870:
864:
863:
861:
860:
859:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
827:
825:
819:
818:
816:
815:
809:
807:
797:
796:
791:
789:
788:
781:
774:
766:
757:
756:
736:
733:
732:
730:
729:
724:
719:
714:
708:
703:
698:
692:
686:
685:(caffeine etc)
680:
679:(antioxidants)
674:
668:
661:
659:
655:
654:
652:
651:
646:
641:
640:(barbiturates)
635:
629:
624:
619:
614:
608:
602:
601:(street drugs)
596:
590:
584:
583:(indoles, etc)
578:
571:
569:
565:
564:
562:
561:
555:
552:Lucas' reagent
549:
544:
537:
535:
531:
530:
527:
526:
524:
523:
516:
514:
510:
509:
507:
506:
500:
497:Sakaguchi test
494:
488:
482:
476:
470:
464:
458:
452:
445:
443:
439:
438:
436:
435:
429:
423:
420:Molisch's test
417:
412:
406:
400:
394:
391:Barfoed's test
387:
385:
378:
374:
373:
371:
370:
368:Xylenol orange
365:
359:
357:
353:
352:
349:
347:
346:
339:
332:
324:
317:
316:
300:
293:
266:
264:
261:
248:
245:
244:
243:
238:
231:
229:
224:
217:
215:
210:
203:
201:
196:
189:
187:
182:
175:
173:
168:
161:
159:
154:
151:
150:
149:
125:
122:
75:
72:
26:are synthetic
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1261:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1135:Movat's stain
1133:
1131:
1130:Moeller stain
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1105:Janus Green B
1103:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1088:H&E stain
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1073:Cresyl violet
1071:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
996:
993:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
979:
976:
972:
969:
967:
963:
960:
959:
958:
957:Kinyoun stain
954:
951:
950:
949:
946:
942:
939:
937:
933:
932:Methyl violet
930:
929:
928:
925:
924:
922:
920:
916:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
899:
897:
893:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
873:
871:
869:
868:Carbohydrates
865:
857:
856:Sudan Black B
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
832:
829:
828:
826:
824:
820:
814:
811:
810:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
787:
782:
780:
775:
773:
768:
767:
764:
754:
746:
734:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
683:Murexide test
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
662:
660:
656:
650:
647:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
622:Drug checking
620:
618:
617:Mecke reagent
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
572:
570:
566:
559:
556:
553:
550:
548:
545:
542:
539:
538:
536:
532:
521:
518:
517:
515:
511:
504:
501:
498:
495:
493:(amino acids)
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
446:
444:
440:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
388:
386:
382:
379:
375:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
358:
354:
345:
340:
338:
333:
331:
326:
325:
322:
314:
310:
304:
301:
296:
290:
286:
282:
278:
271:
268:
262:
260:
258:
254:
246:
241:
235:
230:
227:
226:Sudan Black B
221:
216:
213:
207:
202:
199:
193:
188:
185:
179:
174:
171:
165:
160:
157:
152:
147:
143:
142:
141:
139:
135:
132:-substituted
131:
123:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
80:triglycerides
73:
71:
69:
68:Sudan Black B
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
16:Group of dyes
1198:Chromophobic
1150:Silver stain
1110:Giemsa stain
1093:Haematoxylin
830:
706:Nitrite test
701:Nitrate test
519:
303:
276:
270:
250:
127:
104:to diagnose
97:
96:
88:lipoproteins
77:
44:sudanophilic
43:
34:for various
23:
20:Sudan stains
19:
18:
1229:2-Naphthols
1224:Stool tests
1188:Acidophilic
1140:Neutral red
1125:Methyl blue
988:Rhodamine B
881:Mucicarmine
876:Alcian blue
831:Sudan stain
805:hemosiderin
667:(alkaloids)
520:Sudan stain
449:Biuret test
403:Bial's test
240:Sudan Red G
114:fatty acids
106:steatorrhea
1249:Sudan dyes
1213:Categories
1193:Basophilic
1048:Sirius Red
983:Auramine O
927:Gram stain
909:Thioflavin
607:(ketamine)
505:(proteins)
499:(arginine)
451:(proteins)
411:(pentoses)
405:(pentoses)
294:3527306730
263:References
24:Sudan dyes
948:Acid-fast
904:Congo red
851:Oil Red O
841:Sudan III
697:(various)
589:(opioids)
257:Sudan III
198:Sudan III
138:tautomers
134:naphthols
118:screening
102:fecal fat
64:Oil Red O
56:Sudan III
1234:Azo dyes
1219:Staining
966:Fuchsine
941:Safranin
919:Bacteria
846:Sudan IV
836:Sudan II
534:Alcohols
522:(lipids)
363:Aluminon
212:Sudan IV
184:Sudan II
153:Examples
92:pyridine
74:Staining
60:Sudan IV
52:Sudan II
36:plastics
1098:Eosin Y
1078:Cyanine
896:Amyloid
753:Commons
713:(blood)
711:Luminol
691:(fungi)
422:(carbs)
253:Sudan I
170:Sudan I
130:arylazo
823:Lipids
356:Metals
291:
247:Safety
124:Dyeing
86:, and
84:lipids
66:, and
48:lipids
1066:Other
658:Other
568:Drugs
801:Iron
513:Fats
289:ISBN
255:and
32:dyes
22:and
309:doi
281:doi
1215::
1017::
287:.
140::
120:.
82:,
62:,
58:,
54:,
50:.
1021:/
964:/
955:/
934:/
803:/
785:e
778:t
771:v
343:e
336:t
329:v
311::
297:.
283::
38:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
