254:
36:
318:
269:
number 0351), who was born on 15 November 1983, and died at Dvůr Králové Zoo in July 2015. He was also the father of Najin, who was transported to Ol Pejeta
Conservancy along with him in 2009. Najin was born in 1989, again with the dam being Nasima. Sudan also sired one other offspring besides Nabire
244:
met in 1986 in Dvůr Králové Zoo to discuss ways to preserve the dwindling number of northern white rhinos. The efforts to save the subspecies included the import of Ben (an older male from London) in 1986 and the return of Saut (a calf from the original 1975 group) from San Diego Zoo in 1998 to Dvůr
377:
After the death of Sudan, Dvůr Králové Zoo spokesman Jan
Stejskal declared that "We must take advantage of the unique situation in which cellular technologies are utilized for conservation of critically endangered species. It may sound unbelievable, but thanks to the newly developed techniques even
357:
At the end of 2017, Sudan suffered from an infection in his right hind leg. Although his condition improved in subsequent months, the infection returned, and, in March 2018, his state seriously deteriorated, despite intensive care. In the final years of his life, Sudan was protected by armed guards
341:
for a "Last Chance To
Survive" breeding program, along with three other northern white rhinoceroses. It was hoped that Ol Pejeta would provide a more natural habitat and better hormonal balance for the animals to induce breeding. However, breeding attempts with Sudan at Ol Pejeta Conservancy were
410:
campaign to raise funds for the rangers guarding the rhinos. In May 2015, after contacting Ol Pejeta
Conservancy, Dubai-based Pakistani entrepreneurs Hamid Hussain and Muhammad Yaqoob started a global campaign to create awareness and bring people to Ol Pejeta Conservancy to help in generating
184:
The number of northern white rhinos was already considered to be only around 700 animals in the wild. For many environmentalists, leaving the animals in nature was the only acceptable way of preserving the already rare subspecies. The Dvůr Králové Zoo and their
Chipperfield partners were then
348:
Northern white rhinoceroses are guarded 24 hours a day at the conservancy to protect them from poaching, which is a major problem for rhinoceroses. The protection includes horn-embedded transmitters, watchtowers, fences, drones, guard dogs, and trained armed guards around the clock.
438:
Africa to launch a fundraising campaign in order to recover the species. They created a Tinder account for Sudan, the last standing male of northern white rhinos, and the app's users could swipe right to make their donations for the development of breeding methods.
361:
In the weeks before Sudan's death, Richard Vigne, CEO of the Ol Pejeta
Conservancy, stated that "Sudan has been technically infertile for many years, so him dying is not going to affect the possibilities of recovery for the northern white rhino as a species."
324:
323:
320:
319:
309:. Substantial debate succeeded and strong objections were raised against this proposal, especially given the fact that expert and scientific organizations were available in Europe and insemination efforts could have continued in the Czech Republic.
325:
1090:
322:
397:
in 2019, which are currently kept in the laboratory. Since the two remaining female northern white rhinoceros are not suitable for carrying a pregnancy, they plan to implant the embryo into southern white rhino surrogates.
245:
Králové Zoo. Attempts to join the group with several southern rhinos met only with mixed success. Several surgeries were performed on the females and their eggs; genetic material, including Sudan's semen, was preserved.
851:
927:
1060:
691:
1317:
1116:
489:
578:
345:
One of the other three rhinos transported in the Ol Pejeta
Conservancy, Suni, died in 2014. Sudan then lived the final years of his life with his daughter Najin and granddaughter Fatu.
293:
In June 2008 specialists met in the Dvůr Králové Zoo to decide further steps to save the subspecies. The meeting of the Czech Zoo with IUCN African Rhino
Specialist Group (AfRSG),
197:
for their northern white rhinoceros display. The zoo was the only one in the world where northern white rhinos had successfully given birth, with the last calf being born in 2000.
601:
847:
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321:
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546:
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and Najin. The third calf was born prematurely and died. Sudan was the grandfather of Fatu through his daughter Najin. For breeding, Sudan's studbook number was 0372.
1298:
1273:
76:
630:
393:. In total, eggs from two females and semen from five males are now available for the subspecies' possible future resurrection. The team in charge produced three
1407:
1495:
1314:
1213:
737:
290:
until his death on 14 December 2014. Angalifu was beyond breeding age, leaving Sudan as the only fertile male in the world even when
Angalifu was alive.
901:
1138:
813:
876:
981:
954:
650:
485:
294:
575:
1027:
712:
1538:
1533:
833:
598:
253:
145:. At the time of his death, he was one of only three living northern white rhinoceroses in the world, and the last known male of his
130:
181:(now the Czech Republic). The captured group comprised two males (Sudan and Saut) and four females (Nola, Nuri, Nadi and Nesari).
1543:
237:
538:
185:
criticized for the capture. The zoo was specializing in
African fauna and already had the largest collection outside of Africa.
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1337:
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515:
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1162:
1003:
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35:
1523:
1518:
1397:
283:
122:
51:
174:
366:
194:
1203:
166:
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Sudan fathered three calves in the Czech Republic and became the grandfather of one. Sudan fathered Nabire (
897:
657:
810:
412:
382:
873:
977:
416:
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around the clock. He was euthanized on 19 March 2018, after suffering from "age-related complications."
338:
229:
138:
950:
419:
by inviting celebrities to visit the conservancy. Among the celebrities who visited Sudan were actors
390:
205:
162:
1095:
1023:
705:
684:"Dvůr Králové Zoo spearheading international efforts to save northern white rhino from extinction"
924:"NosoroĹľci na hranÄ› zániku - Zoo DvĹŻr KrálovĂ© chce svoje nejvzácnÄ›jšà zvĂĹ™ata pĹ™evĂ©zt do Afriky"
435:
1528:
1108:
1100:
731:
287:
228:
After 1980, the northern white rhinos were wiped out in Uganda and Sudan, and 13 were left in
150:
161:
A group of six northern white rhinoceros, including the two-year-old Sudan, were captured in
424:
1321:
1302:
1010:
880:
817:
776:
757:
634:
605:
582:
142:
170:
302:
297:
WAZA, Berlin institute IZW as well as experts from Vienna Veterinary institute and the
262:
178:
134:
1512:
1184:
442:
On 20 December 2020, Google showed a Doodle on its homepage in remembrance of Sudan.
420:
217:
213:
898:"Only Six Northern White Rhinos Left In The World After Death At Wildlife Sanctuary"
792:
769:
750:
628:
https://www.euro.cz/blogy/sudan-politicka-ekonomie-jednoho-zivocisneho-druhu-1399199
511:
1500:
1208:
1086:
687:
431:
463:
1424:"Sudan, the Last Male Northern White Rhino - Google Doodle for remembering Sudan"
1236:
1152:
84:
978:"Ol Pejeta Conservancy extends breeding plan for the northern white rhinoceros"
385:
of eggs from Najin and Fatu with semen from Sudan and to implant the resulting
1423:
386:
146:
1139:"NárodnĂ muzeum vystavuje bĂlĂ©ho nosoroĹľce Sudána, stále mĹŻĹľe zachránit druh"
1104:
514:[The Millennium Calf – Road to Success]. Czech Radio. 11 April 2000.
1112:
1496:
Last male northern white rhino's death highlights 'huge extinction crisis'
539:"Death of white rhino in Kenya leaves only six animals alive in the world"
365:
The skin-mount of Sudan and the skeleton of Nabire were on display in the
1055:
407:
279:
266:
1486:
This May Be The Last Photo Post About The Last Male Northern White Rhino
1051:"PoslednĂ samec severnĂho bĂlĂ©ho nosoroĹľce na svÄ›tÄ› je ve vážnĂ©m stavu"
209:
46:
486:"Endangered Species: Rare White Rhino Dies, Breed Close to Extinction"
1402:
1237:"Northern white rhinos: The audacious plan that could save a species"
394:
306:
201:
1024:"Last Chance to Survive – Northern White Rhino Conservation Project"
153:
on 19 March 2018, after suffering from "age-related complications".
651:"Last Chance to Survive: Northern White Rhino Conservation Project"
278:
The second-to-last male northern white rhinoceros in the world was
1449:"Google Doodle pays tribute to the last male northern white rhino"
316:
252:
233:
102:
80:
20:
1315:"Nargis Fakhri campaigns for the last white Rhino Sudan in Kenya"
298:
241:
200:
Two years later they were joined by Nasima, who originated from
1453:
1241:
1157:
1091:"Scientists hope to save northern white rhino from extinction"
330:
637:
Sudan: Political economy of one biological species – in Czech
811:"And then there were four: Northern white rhino dies in zoo"
599:"Meet Sudan, the last surviving male northern white rhino"
848:"Northern White Rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum cottoni"
1398:"Remembering Sudan, the Last Male Northern White Rhino"
193:
In 1975 the group, including Sudan, was shipped to the
301:
EAZA recommended to move Sudan and his group from the
1296:"Khaled Abol Naga and Nargis Fakhri Stand with Sudan"
1204:"Can (and Should) the Northern White Rhino Be Saved?"
1153:"Northern white rhino: Last male Sudan dies in Kenya"
874:"The Story Behind That Viral Photo of a Lonely Rhino"
576:"Sudan, World's Last Male Northern White Rhino, Dies"
240:). The Conservation Breeding Specialist Group of the
16:
Last known male northern white rhinoceros (1973–2018)
406:In February 2015, Ol Pejeta Conservancy launched a
108:
91:
65:
57:
45:
751:Czech Radio: The Millennium Calf – Road to Success
137:from 1975 to 2009 and the rest of his life at the
834:"Události ČT: Ve Dvoře Králové oplakávajà Nabiré"
770:Czech Radio: The Millennium Calf –Road to Success
169:in February 1975 working under an agreement with
645:
643:
430:In 2017, Ol Pejeta Conservancy teamed up with
373:Scientific efforts to resurrect the subspecies
337:In December 2009 the rhinos were moved to the
112:Last known male of his subspecies in the world
1365:"Last male northern white rhino joins Tinder"
257:Sudan at the Ol Pejeta conservancy, June 2010
8:
1338:"World's last male white rhino joins Tinder"
1004:The Death Of Suni, A Rhino Conservation Icon
787:
785:
28:
886:, 10 November 2017. Accessed 20 March 2018.
34:
27:
1192:, 9–10 pm Wednesday 28 June 2017, BBC TV2
1549:Individual animals in the Czech Republic
588:, 20 March 2018. Accessed 20 March 2018.
369:, Czech Republic until the end of 2021.
1447:Johnson, Lauren M. (20 December 2020).
1013:. Thedodo.com. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
823:, 28 July 2015. Accessed 20 March 2018.
694:from the original on 26 September 2014.
682:Lazarová, Daniela (25 September 2014).
656:. Ol Pejeta Conservancy. Archived from
611:, 26 June 2017. Accessed 20 March 2018.
451:
333:report about the last three individuals
1327:, 25 May 2015. Accessed 20 March 2018.
799:from the original on 12 November 2005.
736:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
729:
623:
621:
619:
617:
378:Sudan could still have an offspring."
212:, England, and Saut was later lent to
1461:from the original on 21 December 2020
1434:from the original on 20 December 2020
1410:from the original on 19 December 2020
1249:from the original on 21 December 2020
1085:Torchia, Christopher (6 March 2018).
1080:
1078:
1049:Plesl, Jaroslav, ed. (1 March 2018).
904:from the original on 22 December 2014
570:
568:
566:
564:
299:European Zoo and Aquarium Association
121:(1973 – 19 March 2018) was a captive
7:
1375:from the original on 7 November 2017
1030:from the original on 24 October 2014
949:Moshiri, Nazanine (4 January 2014).
854:from the original on 10 January 2015
549:from the original on 9 December 2014
492:from the original on 23 October 2014
951:"Meeting the Northern white rhinos"
488:. Discovery News. 20 October 2014.
1344:from the original on 26 April 2017
1216:from the original on 25 March 2018
1202:Pappas, Stephanie (9 March 2020).
976:Catterick, Ally (9 January 2014).
957:from the original on 16 April 2015
518:from the original on 24 March 2018
381:There are now ongoing attempts at
295:World Zoo and Aquarium Association
14:
1165:from the original on 23 July 2018
1063:from the original on 1 March 2018
1002:Gap, Frontier. (27 October 2014)
793:"SevernĂ bĂlĂ nosoroĹľci v zajetĂ"
101:Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Laikipia,
1276:from the original on 24 May 2015
1235:Spencer, Clare (13 April 2020).
984:from the original on 22 May 2015
930:from the original on 3 July 2018
718:from the original on 5 July 2017
512:"Mládě milénia: Cesta k úspěchu"
462:. Papuan Animals. Archived from
238:Democratic Republic of the Congo
165:by animal trappers employed by
19:For the country in Africa, see
1190:Sudan – The Last of the Rhinos
1:
1294:Ol Pejeta Conservancy (2015)
69:
1539:Individual animals in Kenya
1534:Animal deaths by euthanasia
173:, the then-director of the
127:Ceratotherium simum cottoni
1565:
189:Life in the Czech Republic
18:
1270:"Celebs to rhinos rescue"
367:National Museum in Prague
284:San Diego Zoo Safari Park
123:northern white rhinoceros
52:Northern white rhinoceros
33:
1428:Rajamanickam Antonimuthu
816:10 November 2017 at the
131:Safari Park Dvůr Králové
1544:Individual rhinoceroses
1305:Accessed 20 March 2018.
879:17 January 2018 at the
383:in vitro fertilization
334:
258:
775:24 March 2018 at the
756:24 March 2018 at the
633:25 March 2018 at the
604:20 March 2018 at the
581:20 March 2018 at the
417:assisted reproduction
391:southern white rhinos
339:Ol Pejeta Conservancy
328:
256:
230:Garamba National Park
167:Chipperfield's Circus
139:Ol Pejeta Conservancy
1490:The Huffington Post.
1430:. 19 December 2020.
1406:. 20 December 2020.
1009:4 March 2016 at the
896:Boehrer, Katherine.
206:Knowsley Safari Park
129:) that lived at the
1320:27 May 2015 at the
1301:5 July 2016 at the
1096:The Washington Post
900:. Huffington Post.
415:and other forms of
389:in suitable female
282:, who lived at the
163:Shambe, South Sudan
30:
1524:2018 animal deaths
1519:1973 animal births
1141:. 5 November 2021.
926:. 7 October 2008.
809:Raymond Johnston
466:on 7 December 2014
335:
259:
1161:. 20 March 2018.
872:Stephanie Pappas
836:(in Czech). CT24.
663:on 3 January 2012
597:Joe Shute (2017)
411:revenues for the
326:
157:Capture in Africa
116:
115:
99:(aged 44–45)
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1325:Deccan Chronicle
1312:
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1283:
1281:
1268:Rhino, Support.
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1115:. Archived from
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537:Khomami, Nadia.
534:
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508:
502:
501:
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497:
482:
476:
475:
473:
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425:Khaled Abol Naga
327:
195:Dvůr Králové Zoo
175:Dvůr Králové Zoo
98:
74:
71:
38:
31:
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1357:
1347:
1345:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1322:Wayback Machine
1313:
1309:
1303:Wayback Machine
1293:
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1182:
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1146:
1137:
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1132:
1122:
1120:
1119:on 6 March 2018
1084:
1083:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1059:. MAFRA, a. s.
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1047:
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1011:Wayback Machine
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881:Wayback Machine
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818:Wayback Machine
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777:Wayback Machine
768:
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758:Wayback Machine
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706:"Archived copy"
704:
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635:Wayback Machine
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583:Wayback Machine
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313:Return to Kenya
276:
274:Breeding crisis
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143:Laikipia, Kenya
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1505:20 March 2018.
1493:
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1480:External links
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1363:Page, Thomas.
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460:"In captivity"
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413:IVF treatments
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342:unsuccessful.
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303:Czech Republic
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135:Czech Republic
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