499:, killing everyone in the car. This crash gained nationwide news coverage due to a recorded 911 call from Chris Lastrella, Saylor's brother-in-law. In the moments before the crash, Lastrella could be heard telling the operator that the accelerator was stuck and that the brakes wouldn't work. That exact car had experienced the same problem when Frank Bernard had driven it as a loaner car a few days earlier. Bernard told investigators that he was accelerating to get past a merging truck when the accelerator pedal jammed into the floor mat and remained there when he took his foot off the pedal. Bernard was able to slow the car down to 50β60 mph (80β97 km/h) with the brakes, but was only able to bring the car to a complete stop after putting the car in neutral. After this incident, Toyota conducted seven recalls related to unintended acceleration from September 2009 to March 2010. These recalls amounted to approximately 10 million vehicles and mostly switched out all-weather mats and carpet covers that had the potential to cause pedal entrapment. At this point there was little evidence that there was ever any defect in the Electronic Throttle Control System (ETCS) that was installed in Toyota cars after 2002, despite requests to the NHTSA to investigate it, and Toyota announced that the root cause of sudden acceleration had been addressed.
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reports filed for the Tesla models was as much as 6000% higher than other brands' cars on similar class or otherwise (pages 63 through 66 on the petition report). The company issued an article in its corporate website blog, claiming "in every case we reviewed them , the data proved the vehicle functioned properly". In one such case, the company issued a written statement to the effect that the sudden acceleration (up to 112 km/h) was due to the accelerator being pressed with no pressing of the brake detected. In
January 2021, NHTSA released a statement that it determined the petition's cases were due to driver error and not anything wrong with the designs, software, etc. of the vehicles. In May 2023, State Administration for Market Regulation in China ordered all imported and Chinese-made Tesla to be recalled to include new features that allow switching off regenerative braking and limit the risks associated with one-pedal driving.
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surfaces. Toyota's APPS were found to use tin finishes. These tin finishes can produce conductive tin whiskers capable of creating unintended electrical failures such as short circuits. The use of tin finish in Toyota's APPS is therefore a cause for concern. Similarly in 2013, materials used in an automotive engine control unit (ECU) from a 2008 Toyota Tundra truck were analyzed. It was found that pure tin with a nickel underlayer was used as the connector finish in the unit, and analysis revealed tin whiskers on the connector surface. Further testing under a standard temperature-humidity cycling showed tin whisker growth, raising additional reliability and safety concerns. These studies show that poor design choices, such as the use of tin finishes, result in unintended failures.
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defects existed and that the electronic control systems within the vehicles were unable to fail in a way that would result in an acceleration surge. More investigations were made but were unsuccessful in finding any defect until April 2008, when it was discovered that the driver-side trim on a 2004 Toyota Sienna could come loose and prevent the accelerator pedal from returning to its fully closed position. It was later discovered that the floor mats of the affected Toyota vehicles could cause them to accelerate suddenly and that Toyota had known about these problems but had misled consumers and continued to manufacture defective cars. In March 2014, the
Department of Justice issued $ 1.2 billion of financial penalties against Toyota in a deferred prosecution agreement.
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consumers and federal regulators, as well as hiding another cause of unintended acceleration, the sticky pedal, from the NHTSA. This fine was separate from the $ 1.2 billion settlement of a class action suit paid to the drivers of Toyota cars who claimed that their cars had lost value as a result of the SUA problems gaining publicity in 2012, and was at the time the largest criminal fine against an automaker in US history. Toyota was also forced to pay a total of $ 66.2 million in fines to the
Department of Transportation for failing to handle recalls properly and $ 25.5 million to Toyota shareholders whose stock lost value due to recalls. Nearly 400 wrongful-death and personal injury cases were also privately settled by Toyota as a result of unintended acceleration.
484:, asking that they bring their cars in to switch out the all-weather mats. After this recall, Toyota decided to revise the internal design of their cars to ensure that there was "10 millimetres (0.39 in) between a fully depressed gas pedal and the floor," but decided to only implement the new designs upon the next "full model redesign", which wouldn't take place until 2010. In an attempt to hide these defects from investigators, Toyota switched to verbal communication on the defect rather than traceable forms of communication. As a result, many new cars were knowingly produced with the same floor mat issues that had been identified as being having the potential to cause SUA problems in association with the defective pedal design.
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engine throttle would move to the wide open position. While the brakes were operational, operator response was often not quick enough to prevent an accident. Most of these events occurred in close confines in which rapid operator response would be necessary to prevent striking a person, fixed object, or another vehicle. Many of these events occurred at car washes, and the Jeep Grand
Cherokee continues to experience sudden acceleration at car washes across the country. A statistical analysis of SAIs in 1991 through 1995 Jeeps revealed that the root cause of these incidents could not be human error, as had been historically posited by NHTSA and auto manufacturers.
96:
select L, a forward position when desiring R, to reverse, there were many unintended lurches forward while the driver was watching toward the rear, expecting to reverse the automobile. By the 1960s, gear selection arrangements became standardized in the familiar PRNDL, with reverse well away from the forward positions and between the Park and
Neutral selections. The elimination of 'push-button' drive control on all Chrysler products began after 1965 to eliminate the ease of selecting an unintended direction.
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driving mode, the driver can accelerate and reverse the car without applying the brakes. The local regulator in China suggested Tesla change the one-pedal driving mode logic and use creep mode as the default behavior. In creep mode, the car would move slowly when not pressing any pedal, forcing the driver to press the brake pedal for any intentional stop. A faulty inverter design could also lead to SUA, according to NHTSA. All Tesla in China were updated to use creep mode as default in May 2023.
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they had hoodwinked regulators, courts, and even congress, by withholding, omitting, or misstating facts." Benjaminson also compared Toyota's press releases and mentioned that they were obviously meant to "maintain public belief in the safety of Toyota's carsβdespite providing no evidence to support those reassurances." This public statement was released when
Benjaminson decided to name herself as a whistleblower after she had been providing evidence to Iowa Senator Charles Grassley.
208:. A design flaw in some Toyota models enabled accelerator pedals to become trapped by floor mats. Throttle butterfly valves may become sluggish in operation or may stick in the closed position. When the driver pushes harder on the right foot, the valve may "pop" open to a point greater than that wanted by the driver, thus creating too much power and a lurch forward. Special solvent sprays are offered by all manufacturers and aftermarket jobbers to solve this very common problem.
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244:(throttle position) reaching 100% while the physical accelerator is still consistently held at 37%. In the study cited, a laparoscopic camera positioned inside the engine confirmed that 100% TPS corresponded with the physical full-opening of the throttle. A review of the logs did not show any abnormalities. A road test with the same conditions resulted in a sudden uncommanded acceleration 4 hours into the study.
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75:"Sudden acceleration incidents" (SAI) are defined for the purpose of this report as unintended, unexpected, high-power accelerations from a stationary position or a very low initial speed accompanied by an apparent loss of braking effectiveness. In a typical scenario, the incident begins at the moment of shifting to "Drive" or "Reverse" from "Park".
543:(sold as the Mitsubishi Montero Sport) were reported since 2015. In spite of an ongoing investigation on the cause of the incidents, Mitsubishi has asserted that the vehicles in question are free of any defects or design flaws. The company however offered a free inspection for Montero owners affected by the incident.
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reference. Pedal misapplication may be related to pedal design and placement, as in cases where the brake and accelerator are too close to one another, or the accelerator pedal is too large. The NHTSA estimates that 16,000 accidents per year in the United States occur when drivers intend to apply the
95:
In the 1950s, General Motors automobiles with automatic transmissions placed the R for reverse at the furthest clockwise position in the rotation of the column-mounted shift lever. L for low position was just adjacent as one would move the lever one notch counterclockwise. Because it was very easy to
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have had more than 108 sudden unintended acceleration reports, as per NHTSA's Early
Warning Page. A petition was issued for further investigation from the NHTSA, claiming Tesla's vehicles may have a structural flaw that can endanger public safety and that the number of sudden unintended acceleration
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In April 2013, Betsy
Benjaminson, a freelance translator working for Toyota to translate internal documents, released a personal statement about Toyota covering up facts about the sudden unintended acceleration problem. Benjaminson stated she "read many descriptions by executives and managers of how
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As of early 2010, a class-action lawsuit filed in 1987 by about 7,500 Audi 5000 owners remains unsettled and is currently contested in county court in
Chicago after appeals at the Illinois state and U.S. federal levels. The plaintiffs in this lawsuit charge that on account of the sudden acceleration
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For drive-by-wire automobiles, a brake-accelerator interlock switch, or "smart throttle," would eliminate or at least curtail any instance of unintended acceleration not a result of pedal misapplication by causing the brake to override the throttle. An unintended acceleration event would require the
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proved conclusively drivers could press the gas pedal and believe they had their foot on the brake .. Even if a vehicle's electronic throttle system somehow triggered an unintentional acceleration incident, modern braking systems are good enough to over-power the engine and bring the vehicle safely
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This leak of internal documents fueled a criminal investigation by the FBI and the
Justice Department that had been ongoing since 2010, and on March 19, 2014, the DOJ issued a deferred prosecution agreement with a $ 1.2 billion criminal penalty for issuing misleading and deceptive statements to its
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vehicles, resulting in as many as 89 deaths and 52 injuries in the USA. The NHTSA first opened an auto defect investigation into Toyota vehicles in 2004, but the Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) within the NHTSA closed the investigation citing inconclusive evidence. Toyota also claimed that no
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Two mechanical safety defects were identified by NHTSA more than a year ago: "sticking" accelerator pedals and a design flaw that enabled accelerator pedals to become trapped by floor mats. These are the only known causes for the reported unintended acceleration incidents. Toyota recalled nearly 8
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aired a report titled "Out of Control" on November 23, 1986, featuring interviews with six people who had sued Audi after reporting unintended acceleration, including footage of an Audi 5000 ostensibly displaying a surge of acceleration while the brake pedal was depressed. Subsequent investigation
2390:"Speed at impact was 112 km/h. A few minutes prior to the accident, there were no signals of pressing the brake, only signals of pressing the accelerator, according to the online Tesla doc on the Nanchang M3 crash/fire. The driver says the car suddenly accelerated to 127 km/h, brakes unresponsive"
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A field examination of 58 vehicles said to be involved in unintended-acceleration crashes revealed no evidence of βbrake failure or throttle malfunction. Moreover, these Toyotas were equipped with simple event data recorders (EDRs, or "black boxes"), as about 85 percent of new cars are. Of the 39
479:
The first major cause of unintended acceleration was found in March 2007, when an engineering analysis showed that unsecured all-weather mats had led to pedal entrapment and drivers accelerating up to 90 mph (140 km/h) with decreased braking power. Early on, Toyota suggested that driver
234:
Physical analysis conducted on Toyota's electronic engine control system including accelerator pedal position sensors (APPSs) in 2011 showed the presence of a significant number of tin whiskers. Tin whiskers are elongated or needle-like structures of pure tin that grow from pure tin and tin alloy
608:
Following several high-profile crashes of Tesla vehicles in China, Europe, and the United States, the One-Pedal Driving mode was blamed as one of the factors increasing the risk of sudden unintended acceleration (SUA) crashes, according to Greek crash investigator Costas Lakafossis. In One-pedal
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had not disclosed they had engineered the vehicle's behavior β fitting a canister of compressed air on the passenger-side floor, linked via a hose to a hole drilled into the transmission β the arrangement executed by one of the experts who had testified on behalf of a plaintiff in a then pending
426:
With the series of recall campaigns, Audi made several modifications; the first adjusted the distance between the brake and accelerator pedal on automatic-transmission models. Later repairs, of 250,000 cars dating back to 1978, added a device requiring the driver to press the brake pedal before
230:
vehicles concluded that hundreds of reported sudden accelerations in these vehicles were likely caused by an undesired current leakage pathway that resulted in actuation of the cruise control servo. When this occurred, typically at shift engage (moving the shift lever from park to reverse), the
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of them were determined to be caused by pedal misapplication, and the NHTSA noted that there was no statistical significance showing that Toyota vehicles had more SUA incidents than other manufacturers. Other investigations were closed because the NHTSA found no evidence that a defect existed.
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The report is taken from a study begun in 1986, in which the NHTSA examined ten vehicles suffering from an "above average" number of incident reports and concluded that those incidents must have resulted from driver error. In the lab tests, throttles were positioned to wide open prior to brake
243:
Sudden uncommanded opening of engine throttle in certain models of modern, ECU-controlled automobiles have been replicated multiple times in laboratory settings. A negative surge of voltage (down to 7V) can cause rebooting of the ECU, resulting in the output APS (accelerator position) and TPS
656:(ICE) vehicles with automatic transmissions. China also considered adding a safety requirement to the vehicle so that "the braking effect achieved by releasing the accelerator pedal in forward gear (Drive) should not decelerate the vehicle to a stop.", effectively banning one-pedal driving.
624:
Ways of resolving sudden unintended acceleration is to apply the brakes and/or clutch, or shift into neutral if the car has an automatic transmission. In most cars, fully applied brakes are easily capable of stopping the car while the accelerator pedal is also fully applied.
91:
These tests were meant to simulate reports of the time suggesting that the vehicles were at a standstill and accelerated uncontrollably when shifted from park. With modern drive by wire fuel controls, problems are believed to occur exclusively while the vehicle is under way.
2698:
Response by Toyota and NHTSA to Incidents of Sudden Unintended Acceleration : Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House Of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, Second Session, February 23,
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vehicles that fit the unintended-acceleration pattern and had usable EDR data, none showed sustained, pre-crash braking taking place and 35 revealed high or increasing accelerator position. NASA scientists .. βwere unable to cause a single instance of sudden acceleration.
418:
Audi contended, prior to findings by outside investigators that the problems were caused by driver error, specifically pedal misapplication. Subsequently, the NHTSA concluded that the majority of unintended acceleration cases, including all the ones that prompted the
2106:"An Examination of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Engineering Safety Center Assessment and Technical Evaluation of Toyota Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) Systems and Unintended Acceleration"
1442:"An Examination of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Engineering Safety Center Assessment and Technical Evaluation of Toyota Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) Systems and Unintended Acceleration"
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Audi's U.S. sales, which had reached 74,061 in 1985, dropped to 12,283 in 1991 and remained level for three years. β with resale values falling dramatically. Audi subsequently offered increased warranty protection and renamed the affected models β with the
174:: Diesel engine power is governed by the amount of fuel supplied. Excessive pressure in the crankcase can force mist of engine oil into the intake manifold, which can be burned in the same fashion as Diesel fuel, thus causing runaway.
320:
2005: Ida Starr St John involved in sudden and unintended acceleration accident with her Toyota Camry. The Camry immediately accelerated without her pressing the accelerator pedal and pressing the brake pedal did nothing to stop the
115:(EMFI) on a test bench. He used an ECU and components from a wrecked 2005 Toyota Corolla. O'Flynn's experiments were conducted without access to the ECU source code, and without access to the confidential report by the Barr Group.
616:(NHTSA) announced that Tesla had recalled all 3,878 Cybertrucks sold as of that date to fix an accelerator pedal pad that could come loose and get lodged in the interior trim, causing the car to unintentionally accelerate.
1218:
80:
application in an attempt to replicate the circumstances of the incidents under study. However, the newest vehicle involved in the study was a 1986 model and no test vehicles were equipped with the electronic control (
215:. Weak, disconnected, or mis-connected throttle return springs, worn shot-pump barrels, chafed cable housings, and cables which jump their tracks in the throttle-body crank can all cause similar acceleration problems.
2632:
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554:(DTI). There are also several sudden unintended acceleration incidents involving 2009 to 2011 Montero that date way back in the year 2010 to 2012. However, no such incidences have surfaced in other countries.
341:
2009: Chase Weir's experience with sudden acceleration in his Ford Explorer while driving on a freeway was reported by a number of news organisations, along with the released 000 emergency recordings of the
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report, were caused by driver error such as confusion of pedals. CBS did not acknowledge the test results of involved government agencies, but did acknowledge the similar results of another study.
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Sudden unintended acceleration incidents are often posited to involve the simultaneous failure of a vehicle's acceleration and brake systems. Acceleration system factors may include:
1933:
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The Department of Transportation reported in 2011 that the only causes for SUA were pedal misapplication and wrong mats. Most complaints came after the Toyota recall. The cars'
480:
error was to blame, saying that some people may have hit the gas when they meant to hit the brake. This led to Toyota sending a letter to the owners of the affected car, a 2007
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824:
Pedal error crashes can occur when the driver steps on the accelerator when intending to apply the brake; the driver's foot slips off the edge of the brake onto the accelerator
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A subsequent investigation by Safety Research of the NTHSA/NASA report along with information from Barrs report and Koopmans report stated that bad software design, antiquated
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functional safety software potentially failing to detect a software error, resulting in unintended acceleration, unintended deceleration, or a loss of drive power.
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491:, was given as a loaner car to California Highway Patrol officer Mark Saylor on August 28, 2009. Saylor and his wife, daughter, and brother-in-law were driving on
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may result from incursion: i.e., blockage by a foreign object or any other mechanical interference with the pedal's operation β and may involve the accelerator or
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1959:
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551:
64:
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1980:
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drivers' feet may not be long enough to touch the floor and pedals, making them more likely to press the wrong pedal due to a lack of proper spatial or
1981:"Justice Department Announces Criminal Charge Against Toyota Motor Corporation and Deferred Prosecution Agreement with $ 1.2 Billion Financial Penalty"
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2006: The 2004 model year Ford Mustang Cobra was recalled by Ford for accelerator pedals that failed to return to idle after being fully pressed.
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linked to six deaths and 700 accidents. At the time, NHTSA was investigating 50 car models from 20 manufacturers for sudden surges of power.
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346:
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failure of such a mechanism if it were present. Such a solution would not be applicable to older vehicles lacking a drive-by-wire throttle.
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At least 23 SUA incidents involving Montero Sports were recorded by the Philippine National Police Highway Patrol Group, from motorists in
917:
1244:
875:
772:
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1855:
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Park, S; Choi, Y; Choi, W (October 2016). "Experimental study for the reproduction of sudden unintended acceleration incidents".
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Highway Accident Report β Rear-End Collision and Subsequent Vehicle Intrusion Into Pedestrian Space at Certified Farmers' Market
811:
260:'s sales in the United States fell after recalls linked to sudden unintended acceleration. There were 700 accidents and 6 deaths.
43:
of a vehicle, often accompanied by an apparent loss of braking effectiveness. Such problems may be caused by driver error (e.g.,
2703:
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284:
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were documented to have had sudden acceleration incidents due to the Vehicle Speed Control component, as reported to the NHTSA.
1692:
2708:
2411:
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652:(EV). The government ordered electric car manufacturers to default the vehicle behavior to creep mode, which makes EVs mimic
1415:
1904:
1654:
547:
2661:
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Sood, Bhanu; Osterman, Michael; Pecht, Michael (2011). "Tin whisker analysis of Toyota's electronic throttle controls".
696:
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models with electronic throttle controls had over 400% more "vehicle speed" complaints than those with manual controls.
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wherein the driver presses the accelerator when braking is intended and is unable to quickly realize the mistake. Some
111:
In January 2021, engineer Colin O'Flynn was able to induce unintended acceleration with a similar Toyota vehicle using
148:
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2212:
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127:
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152:
349:, which resulted in suspension of production and sales of many of Toyota's most popular models, including the
2193:
2127:"Toyota Unintended Acceleration and the Big Bowl of "Spaghetti" Code | Safety Research & Strategies, Inc"
2105:
1441:
1388:
998:
836:
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George, Elviz; Pecht, Michael (January 2014). "Tin whisker analysis of an automotive engine control unit".
88:, that is, no vehicles had manual transmissions with left foot clutch pedal disengagement of engine power.
1719:"Tesla logs show that Model X driver hit the accelerator, Autopilot didn't crash into building on its own"
517:
hardware fueled by a poor company culture were the likely cause of the SUA in the Toyota Camry incidents.
463:
From 2002 to 2009 there were many defect petitions made to the NHTSA regarding unintended acceleration in
85:
2175:
2729:
984:
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648:(MIIT) suggested that the one-pedal driving mode contributed to sudden unintended acceleration for the
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were filed by Montero Sport owners. The incident has since been the subject of an investigation by the
2157:
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177:
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The most prominent incidents of sudden unintended acceleration recently took place from 2000β2010 in
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67:(NHTSA) reported a narrow definition of sudden acceleration only from near standstill in their 1989
2020:
942:
686:
514:
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397:(the North American name of the Audi 100 at the time) models associated with reported incidents of
275:
227:
123:
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Certainly the most natural reaction to a stuck-throttle emergency is to stomp on the brake pedal.
2005:
629:" is strongly discouraged during an unintended acceleration event, as this can lead to a loss of
271:
119:
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misapplication), mechanical or electrical problems, or some combination of these factors. The US
1160:
874:
Ross, Brian; Rhee, Joseph; Hill, Angela M.; Chuchmach, Megan; Katersky, Aaron (March 20, 2014).
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although the vehicle logs showed that only the accelerator pedal had been pressed by the driver.
51:
estimates 16,000 accidents per year in the United States occur when drivers intend to apply the
303:
news program where the vehicle was already moving at speed and experienced sudden acceleration.
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17:
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shifting out of park. As a byproduct of sudden unintended acceleration, vehicles now include
2457:"Breaking: NHTSA Petition Claims Tesla Sudden Unintended Acceleration Is Real (but Fixable)"
2412:"NHTSA determines sudden acceleration complaints in Tesla vehicles were due to driver error"
2057:"It's All Your Fault: The DOT Renders Its Verdict on Toyota's Unintended-Acceleration Scare"
1863:
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1693:"Tesla Model X crashes into building at high speed, owner claims it accelerated on its own"
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In the Philippines, a number of incidents involving automatic transmission variants of the
338:
2009: Toyota Avalon displays unintended acceleration without floor mat; observed by dealer.
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2636:
626:
112:
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in 1989. The company only reached the same level of U.S. sales again by model year 2000.
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2476:"Tesla 2023.12.9 Update Offers an Important Safety Feature, Basic Support for HW4 Cars"
2060:
1566:
390:
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2039:"Keeping You Safe β Safercar β National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)"
1960:"Keeping You Safe β Safercar β National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)"
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2005: Incident observed in a Toyota Camry. The cause was initially suggested to be a
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1139:"China To Ban One-Pedal Driving Mode That Was Widely Blamed for Tesla SUA Crashes"
1419:
1470:"'Tin Whiskers' and Other Discredited Unintended Acceleration Theories β Toyota"
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712:
673:
590:
570:
314:
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1619:
Cooper, Mex; Hunter, Thomas; Gregory, Peter; Millar, Paul (December 16, 2009).
2640:
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2234:"Toyota reaches $ 1.2 billion settlement to end probe of accelerator problems"
1999:
1484:"In re Toyota Motor Corp, unintended acceleration β case No. 8:10ML 02151 JVS"
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428:
405:
332:
328:
212:
2194:"Route 44 Toyota Sold Me A LEMON: Personal Statement of Toyota Whistleblower"
1116:
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857:"Toyota Sudden Acceleration Timeline β Safety Research & Strategies, Inc"
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Other problems may be implicated in the case of older vehicles equipped with
432:
394:
300:
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showed application of accelerator pedal and no application of brake pedal.
1886:"Nine Worst Business Stories(of the Last 50 Years) #4. Accelerating Audis"
335:
had been reported that were preceded by a racing or highly revving engine.
2284:"DTI creates panel to probe accidents involving Mitsubishi Montero Sport"
1161:"The Unintended Acceleration Test - Can the engine out-power the brakes?"
841:
578:
566:
488:
481:
2438:"China says Tesla to fix software for 1.1 million cars on braking issue"
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in San Diego, California, when their car accelerated out of control and
2709:
Apparent Sudden Unintended Acceleration Events Involving Tesla Vehicles
2397:
2200:
from the original on January 11, 2019 – via Jessie Powell's blog.
636:
Unresponsive (entrapped) pedals can be avoided by using car mat clips.
180:
mode and lack of brake application in deceleration and reverse actions.
918:"2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E Recalled Over Unintended Acceleration Issue"
2697:
2601:
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dela Cruz, Jovee Marie N.; Pillas, Catherine N. (November 25, 2015).
562:
464:
100:
2662:
Newspaper article on ABS brake failures with author of fixautosa.com
2176:"A Case Study of Toyota Unintended Acceleration and Software Safety"
1025:"Home | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)"
954:"Home | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)"
745:. US: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Archived from
2657:
Toyota unintended acceleration tests, compares Camry with Infiniti
2602:"Floor Mat Retainer Clips | How to Secure Your Car Mats in a Snap"
2253:"Montero Sport 'victims' share their stories; UK expert weighs in"
1590:"Toyota Avalon displays unintended acceleration without floor mat"
1392:
876:"Toyota to Pay $ 1.2B for Hiding Deadly 'Unintended Acceleration'"
806:
468:
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52:
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Unintended acceleration resulting from pedal misapplication is a
2494:"Tesla Recalls Almost 3,900 Cybertrucks to Repair Faulty Pedals"
2211:
Levinson, Charles; Matthews, Christopher M. (February 8, 2014).
1176:
to a halt within a reasonable distance .. 500 braking horsepower
507:
802:"NHTSA Safety Advisory: Reducing crashes caused by pedal error"
2711:, summary of the list of SUA incidents from the Tesla petition
252:
Reported incidents of sudden unintended acceleration include:
1221:. Blogs.consumerreports.org. February 5, 2010. Archived from
2008:
from the original on December 15, 2021 – via YouTube.
1206:
million vehicles in the United States for these two defects
296:
126:
due to an unintended acceleration issue resulting from the
84:) systems common in 2010. All vehicles were equipped with
2341:"Montero driver in QC mishap blames 'sudden acceleration'"
1416:"Automobile Cruise Control Faults and Sudden Acceleration"
2367:"There is no "unintended acceleration" in Tesla vehicles"
1189:"NASA's Toyota Study Released by Dept. of Transportation"
1807:"The Audi 5000 Intended Unintended Acceleration Debacle"
1653:. Pressroom.toyota.com. November 9, 2011. Archived from
1621:"Cruise control terror: dramatic Triple-0 tape released"
1090:
1088:
1044:
1042:
999:"Fact Check: Toyota not alone in acceleration problems"
345:
2009β2011: Several vehicle models were recalled in the
1754:"Audi 1980s Scare May Mean Lost Generation for Toyota"
1541:"Kia Motors Informative: Sudden acceleration β Amanti"
773:"Cause of Sudden Acceleration Proves Hard to Pinpoint"
771:
Linebaugh, Kate; Searcey, Dionne (February 25, 2010).
389:
During model years 1982β1987, Audi issued a series of
2686:
Vehicle Safety System for Driver Pedal Misapplication
2674:
A Short, Sad History of So-Called Sudden Acceleration
2228:
2226:
716:, a 1997 TV movie about a car with a stuck gas pedal
222:
Analyses conducted in the mid to late 1990s on Jeep
979:Larissa Ham & Robyn Grace (December 15, 2009).
733:
731:
729:
546:As of April 2019, over 100 complaints against
317:, however this was later proven not to be the case.
1676:"Did Toyota's Traffic Cops Sway the Regulators?".
1159:Marcus, Frank; MacKenzie, Angus (March 18, 2010).
738:Pollard, John; Sussman, E. Donald (January 1989).
435:mechanisms to prevent inadvertent gear selection.
2577:"Not All Unintended Acceleration Is Driver Error"
1752:Cremer, Andreas; Lavell, Tom (February 4, 2010).
306:2004: The NHTSA sent Toyota a chart showing that
837:"Toyota "Unintended Acceleration" Has Killed 89"
510:was unable to replicate engine control failure.
2704:An Update on Toyota and Unintended Acceleration
646:Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
1975:
1973:
1888:. Business and Media Institute. Archived from
614:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
65:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
49:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
39:) is the unintended, unexpected, uncontrolled
584:
8:
2369:(Press release). US: Tesla. January 20, 2020
2213:"Toyota Nears $ 1 Billion Deal to End Probe"
197:brake but mistakenly apply the accelerator.
162:Stuck throttle (unrelated to pedal position)
1928:
1926:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1154:
1152:
796:
794:
792:
790:
239:Replication of SUA in laboratory conditions
2554:Driven by Safety β Preventing Pedal Errors
2520:"How To Deal With Unintended Acceleration"
2311:"Have Montero Sport checked for free: DTI"
2001:Family Killed in Santee Car Crash 911 Call
1800:
1798:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1651:"Toyota USA Newsroom | Safety/Recall"
981:"Cruise control terror for freeway driver"
455:controversy, Audis had lost resale value.
2652:How To Deal With Unintended Acceleration
2309:Perez, Ace June Rell (January 4, 2016).
1907:. HighBeam Research, Inc. Archived from
1191:. NASA. February 9, 2011. Archived from
535:Mitsubishi Montero Sport crash incidents
2192:Benjaminson, Betsy (October 30, 2013).
1998:Boolovesu, Marie (September 12, 2009).
1309:
1307:
895:"Finding a $ Billion Dollar Fault Mode"
740:"An Examination of Sudden Acceleration"
725:
415:lawsuit against Audi's parent company.
376:2016: A complaint was made against the
2530:from the original on November 26, 2016
2067:from the original on December 29, 2016
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1805:Niedermeyer, Paul (February 7, 2010).
1173:from the original on August 29, 2019.
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
459:Sudden acceleration in Toyota vehicles
55:but mistakenly apply the accelerator.
27:Uncontrolled acceleration of a vehicle
2251:Santos, Eimor P. (December 5, 2015).
1418:. Antony-anderson.com. Archived from
585:Tesla's Model X, S, 3, and Cybertruck
155:fault or cruise control failure (see
7:
2347:. The Philippines. December 6, 2015
2021:"Lexus Crash: An Avoidable Tragedy"
1363:"Jeep Grand Cherokee SUA Incidents"
1219:"Consumer Reports β Five Key Fixes"
327:2008: Incidents involving the 2005
2642:NHTSA Pedal Error prevention video
2133:. November 8, 2013. Archived from
1831:Huber, Peter (December 18, 1989).
1565:. Consumer Affairs. Archived from
893:O'Flynn, Colin (January 1, 2021).
25:
2474:Agatie, Cristian (May 18, 2023).
2455:Agatie, Cristian (July 4, 2023).
1854:Gossett, Sherrie (May 13, 2005).
1391:. Safetyforum.com. Archived from
1137:Agatie, Cristian (May 31, 2024).
702:Santa Monica Farmers Market crash
1680:. March 1, 2010. pp. 14β16.
1588:Kleis, Mark (January 15, 2010).
666:
552:Department of Trade and Industry
347:2009β2011 Toyota vehicle recalls
1903:Yates, Brock (April 16, 1989).
1776:Holusha, John (July 24, 1988).
1290:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.08.014
956:. Nhtsa.dot.gov. Archived from
589:As of September 2019, the
145:Unresponsive (entrapped) pedals
113:electromagnetic fault injection
1934:"Audi Increases Warranty Plan"
1833:"Manufacturing the Audi Scare"
1717:Lambert, Fred (June 6, 2016).
1691:Lambert, Fred (June 6, 2016).
1341:"NHTSA Action Number: DP88008"
1278:Forensic Science International
1071:10.1016/j.microrel.2013.07.134
810:. May 29, 2015. Archived from
487:One of those vehicles, a 2009
399:sudden unintended acceleration
33:Sudden unintended acceleration
18:Sudden Unintended Acceleration
1:
2317:. Philippines. Archived from
2259:. Philippines. Archived from
1539:cindyjo (February 10, 2008).
916:Foote, Brett (May 20, 2022).
548:Mitsubishi Motors Philippines
270:1997: Sudden acceleration in
1245:"Jeep NHTSA Defect Petition"
1051:Microelectronics Reliability
697:Electronic stability control
1856:"The CBS "Cold Case" Files"
1510:"2004 Ford Mustang Recalls"
295:were reported about in the
149:Electronic throttle control
2746:
2679:November 22, 2021, at the
2667:November 12, 2018, at the
2635:December 24, 2021, at the
654:internal combustion engine
532:
497:crashed into an embankment
69:Sudden Acceleration Report
2526:. US. December 31, 2009.
2388:@DKurac (June 25, 2020).
1835:. The Wall Street Journal
1563:"Kia Sudden Acceleration"
1315:"[μΆμ λ³΄κ³ μ] κΈλ°μ§μ μλ€"
1109:10.1108/03056121111155611
775:. The Wall Street Journal
282:in a March 1997 ABC News
128:powertrain control module
59:Definition and background
682:Automobile safety defect
529:Mitsubishi Montero Sport
153:throttle position sensor
124:2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E
122:issued a recall for the
612:On April 17, 2024, the
86:automatic transmissions
63:In the 1980s, the U.S.
2691:December 14, 2012, at
2581:Consumer Reports Video
2131:www.safetyresearch.net
1778:"A Hard Sell for Audi"
1389:"Jeep Cherokee SUA at"
861:www.safetyresearch.net
77:
2043:www-odi.nhtsa.dot.gov
1905:"Unfair at Any Speed"
1490:. US. October 7, 2013
985:Sydney Morning Herald
541:Mitsubishi Challenger
172:Diesel engine runaway
73:
2630:NHTSA's pedal report
2565:– via YouTube.
2321:on September 1, 2017
1811:The Truth About Cars
1657:on February 11, 2010
1631:on December 30, 2012
1257:on February 19, 2012
814:on December 26, 2016
504:event data recorders
256:1987: The 1982β1987
142:Pedal misapplication
2608:. February 18, 2019
2263:on November 5, 2017
2217:Wall Street Journal
2158:"BOOKOUT V. TOYOTA"
1911:on November 2, 2012
1892:on October 5, 2009.
1866:on November 3, 2008
1600:on January 18, 2010
1569:on February 9, 2005
1369:on October 23, 2020
1343:. Odi.nhtsa.dot.gov
1063:2014MiRe...54..214G
687:Automotive accident
431:patterns and brake
1938:The New York Times
1782:The New York Times
1449:safetyresearch.net
1195:on January 4, 2022
1005:. February 6, 2010
752:on August 23, 2018
627:Pumping the brakes
471:vehicles, but many
248:Reported incidents
118:In late May 2022,
2725:Automotive safety
2418:. January 8, 2021
2137:on April 11, 2019
2104:Safety Research.
2019:Brennan, Reilly.
1987:. March 19, 2014.
1964:odi.nhtsa.dot.gov
1860:Accuracy in Media
1414:Antony Anderson.
1225:on April 12, 2010
960:on April 12, 2010
922:fordauthority.com
707:Left-foot braking
650:electric vehicles
473:Many? How "many"?
202:accelerator pedal
178:One-pedal driving
16:(Redirected from
2737:
2643:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2598:
2592:
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2587:
2573:
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2549:
2543:
2542:
2537:
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2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2500:. April 19, 2024
2490:
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2117:
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2110:
2101:
2095:
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2087:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2063:. June 9, 2011.
2053:
2047:
2046:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1956:
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1930:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1862:. Archived from
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1828:
1815:
1814:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
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1647:
1641:
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1638:
1636:
1627:. Archived from
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1596:. Archived from
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1516:. Archived from
1506:
1500:
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1497:
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1480:
1474:
1473:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
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1432:
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1429:
1427:
1422:on June 23, 2009
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1395:on July 15, 2011
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1365:. Archived from
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1256:
1250:. Archived from
1249:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1185:
1179:
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1120:
1092:
1083:
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1046:
1037:
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1021:
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1010:
995:
989:
988:
976:
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967:
965:
950:
944:
939:
933:
932:
930:
928:
913:
907:
906:
904:
902:
897:. Circuit Cellar
890:
884:
883:
871:
865:
864:
853:
847:
846:
833:
827:
826:
821:
819:
798:
785:
784:
782:
780:
768:
762:
761:
759:
757:
751:
744:
735:
676:
671:
670:
669:
474:
357:, Toyota Camry,
278:was reported by
200:An unresponsive
134:Possible factors
21:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2715:
2714:
2681:Wayback Machine
2669:Wayback Machine
2641:
2637:Wayback Machine
2626:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2583:
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2513:
2503:
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2492:
2491:
2487:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2444:. May 12, 2023.
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2410:
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2293:
2291:
2288:Business Mirror
2281:
2280:
2276:
2266:
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2250:
2249:
2245:
2238:Washington Post
2232:
2231:
2224:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2174:Koopman, Phil.
2173:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2156:Barr, Michael.
2155:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2113:Safety Research
2108:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2070:
2068:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2018:
2017:
2013:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1985:www.justice.gov
1979:
1978:
1971:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1940:. July 27, 1988
1932:
1931:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1884:
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1869:
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1561:
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1523:
1521:
1520:on July 7, 2011
1508:
1507:
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1124:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1027:. Nhtsa.dot.gov
1023:
1022:
1018:
1008:
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997:
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992:
978:
977:
973:
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961:
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850:
845:. May 25, 2010.
835:
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672:
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587:
537:
531:
493:State Route 125
472:
461:
387:
276:Grand Cherokees
250:
241:
136:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
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2624:External links
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2568:
2544:
2524:Car and Driver
2511:
2485:
2480:Auto Evolution
2466:
2461:Auto Evolution
2447:
2429:
2403:
2396:) – via
2380:
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2332:
2301:
2274:
2243:
2222:
2203:
2184:
2166:
2148:
2118:
2096:
2091:"Recall curve"
2082:
2061:Car and Driver
2048:
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2011:
1990:
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1594:Left Lane News
1580:
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1543:. My3cents.com
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1514:automotive.com
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1143:Auto Evolution
1122:
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1057:(1): 214β219.
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1016:
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533:Main article:
530:
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410:revealed that
386:
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355:Toyota Corolla
343:
339:
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293:Ford Explorers
291:2000: Several
289:
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228:Grand Cherokee
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2498:Bloomberg.com
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2290:. Philippines
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2015:
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1758:Business Week
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571:Iloilo City
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