Knowledge (XXG)

Eventually (mathematics)

Source đź“ť

33: 125:, if it does not have the said property across all its ordered instances, but will after some instances have passed. The use of the term "eventually" can be often rephrased as "for sufficiently large numbers", and can be also extended to the class of properties that apply to elements of any 540:
For an infinite sequence, one is often more interested in the long-term behaviors of the sequence than the behaviors it exhibits early on. In which case, one way to formally capture this concept is to say that the sequence possesses a certain property
475: 939: 806: 345: 890: 620: 592: 394: 708: 153: 1154: 62: 303: 283: 659: 860: 757: 1120: 1184: 405: 1093: 1073: 1053: 1033: 1013: 993: 834: 731: 683: 518: 498: 365: 259: 236: 216: 192: 953:
or has a maximum element. As a result, the use of "eventually" in this case is synonymous with the expression "for all but a finite number of terms" – a
1256:
introduces an operator that can be used to express statements interpretable as: Certain property will eventually hold in a future moment in time.
968:, and the notion of "eventually" applies to functions on more general sets as well—in particular to those that have an ordering with no 1360: 895: 762: 84: 1228:
of a natural number eventually ends in the digit 0 (specifically, this is true for all natural numbers greater than 4).
45: 55: 49: 41: 66: 319: 1355: 1243: 1221:
of a prime is eventually congruent to 1 mod 24 (specifically, this is true for all primes greater than 3).
310: 114: 126: 122: 106: 869: 597: 551: 1365: 1204: 965: 370: 306: 1276: 662: 693: 136: 1211: 961:
terms" (although "almost all" can also be used to allow for infinitely many exceptions as well).
1190:, which are fields made up of real functions, each of which have certain properties eventually. 1126: 946: 529: 521: 288: 268: 631: 1218: 969: 839: 736: 1098: 964:
At the basic level, a sequence can be thought of as a function with natural numbers as its
470:{\displaystyle \exists a\in \mathbb {R} :\forall x\in \mathbb {R} :x\geq a\Rightarrow P(x)} 1160: 949:
of natural numbers that do not satisfy this property is a finite set; that is, the set is
1271: 1253: 1247: 1078: 1058: 1038: 1018: 998: 978: 819: 716: 711: 668: 503: 483: 350: 244: 221: 201: 177: 1301: 1349: 1281: 102: 1200: 954: 17: 520:
exists. The phrase "sufficiently large" should not be confused with the phrases "
1187: 626: 546: 98: 1326: 530:
Arbitrarily large#Arbitrarily large vs. sufficiently large vs. infinitely large
1266: 1239: 958: 1225: 950: 1186:
has the said property. This notion is used, for example, in the study of
525: 110: 1246:. This property is the main requirement for a 3-manifold to be called a 1242:
is called sufficiently large if it contains a properly embedded 2-sided
130: 1095:
is said to have some property eventually if there is an element
545:, or equivalently, that the property is satisfied by one of its 934:{\displaystyle \left\vert a_{n}-a\right\vert <\varepsilon } 862:", the convergence definition can be restated more simply as: 801:{\displaystyle \left\vert a_{n}-a\right\vert <\varepsilon } 26: 480:
This does not necessarily mean that any particular value for
816:
is used as a shorthand for "there exists a natural number
1207:" can be written as "Eventually, all primes are odd.” 1163: 1129: 1101: 1081: 1061: 1041: 1021: 1001: 981: 898: 872: 842: 822: 765: 739: 719: 696: 671: 634: 600: 554: 506: 486: 408: 373: 353: 322: 291: 271: 247: 224: 204: 180: 139: 1178: 1148: 1114: 1087: 1067: 1047: 1027: 1007: 987: 933: 884: 854: 828: 800: 751: 725: 702: 677: 653: 614: 586: 512: 492: 469: 388: 359: 339: 297: 277: 253: 230: 210: 186: 147: 54:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks 625:For example, the definition of a sequence of 8: 1162: 1140: 1128: 1106: 1100: 1080: 1060: 1055:is defined for all elements greater than 1040: 1020: 1000: 980: 908: 897: 871: 841: 821: 775: 764: 738: 718: 695: 670: 642: 633: 608: 607: 599: 572: 562: 553: 505: 485: 436: 435: 419: 418: 407: 372: 352: 340:{\displaystyle \exists a\in \mathbb {R} } 333: 332: 321: 290: 270: 246: 223: 203: 179: 141: 140: 138: 85:Learn how and when to remove this message 1292: 995:is such a set and there is an element 313:, which is actually a shorthand for: 7: 426: 409: 374: 323: 292: 272: 163:The general form where the phrase 25: 885:{\displaystyle \varepsilon >0} 615:{\displaystyle N\in \mathbb {N} } 587:{\displaystyle (a_{n})_{n\geq N}} 500:is known, but only that such an 31: 389:{\displaystyle \forall x\geq a} 171:) is found appears as follows: 1173: 1167: 648: 635: 569: 555: 464: 458: 452: 1: 399:or somewhat more formally: 703:{\displaystyle \varepsilon } 148:{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } 1210:Eventually, all primes are 1382: 1149:{\displaystyle x>x_{0}} 1233:Other uses in mathematics 866:For each positive number 812:When the term "eventually 690:For each positive number 536:Motivation and definition 1361:Mathematical terminology 298:{\displaystyle \exists } 278:{\displaystyle \forall } 40:This article includes a 1035:such that the function 957:of the expression "for 654:{\displaystyle (a_{n})} 311:existential quantifiers 129:(such as sequences and 69:more precise citations. 1244:incompressible surface 1180: 1150: 1116: 1089: 1069: 1049: 1029: 1009: 989: 975:More specifically, if 945:Here, notice that the 935: 886: 856: 855:{\displaystyle n>N} 830: 802: 753: 752:{\displaystyle n>N} 727: 704: 679: 655: 616: 588: 528:large". For more, see 514: 494: 471: 390: 361: 341: 299: 279: 255: 232: 212: 188: 149: 1331:mathworld.wolfram.com 1306:mathworld.wolfram.com 1181: 1151: 1117: 1115:{\displaystyle x_{0}} 1090: 1070: 1050: 1030: 1010: 990: 936: 887: 857: 831: 803: 754: 728: 705: 680: 656: 617: 589: 515: 495: 472: 391: 362: 342: 300: 280: 256: 233: 213: 189: 150: 1302:"Sufficiently Large" 1179:{\displaystyle f(x)} 1161: 1127: 1099: 1079: 1059: 1039: 1019: 999: 979: 896: 870: 840: 820: 763: 737: 717: 694: 669: 632: 598: 552: 504: 484: 406: 371: 351: 320: 289: 269: 245: 222: 202: 178: 137: 1325:Weisstein, Eric W. 1300:Weisstein, Eric W. 1277:Mathematical jargon 1203:greater than 2 are 1122:such that whenever 661:converging to some 1176: 1146: 1112: 1085: 1065: 1045: 1025: 1005: 985: 931: 882: 852: 836:such that for all 826: 798: 749: 733:such that for all 723: 700: 675: 651: 612: 584: 510: 490: 467: 386: 357: 337: 295: 275: 251: 240:sufficiently large 228: 208: 184: 169:sufficiently large 145: 42:list of references 18:Sufficiently large 1088:{\displaystyle f} 1068:{\displaystyle s} 1048:{\displaystyle f} 1028:{\displaystyle S} 1008:{\displaystyle s} 988:{\displaystyle S} 829:{\displaystyle N} 726:{\displaystyle N} 710:, there exists a 678:{\displaystyle a} 522:arbitrarily large 513:{\displaystyle a} 493:{\displaystyle a} 360:{\displaystyle P} 254:{\displaystyle x} 231:{\displaystyle P} 211:{\displaystyle x} 187:{\displaystyle P} 95: 94: 87: 16:(Redirected from 1373: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1337: 1322: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1312: 1297: 1185: 1183: 1182: 1177: 1155: 1153: 1152: 1147: 1145: 1144: 1121: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1110: 1094: 1092: 1091: 1086: 1074: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1054: 1052: 1051: 1046: 1034: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1014: 1012: 1011: 1006: 994: 992: 991: 986: 970:greatest element 940: 938: 937: 932: 924: 920: 913: 912: 891: 889: 888: 883: 861: 859: 858: 853: 835: 833: 832: 827: 807: 805: 804: 799: 791: 787: 780: 779: 758: 756: 755: 750: 732: 730: 729: 724: 709: 707: 706: 701: 684: 682: 681: 676: 660: 658: 657: 652: 647: 646: 621: 619: 618: 613: 611: 593: 591: 590: 585: 583: 582: 567: 566: 519: 517: 516: 511: 499: 497: 496: 491: 476: 474: 473: 468: 439: 422: 395: 393: 392: 387: 366: 364: 363: 358: 346: 344: 343: 338: 336: 304: 302: 301: 296: 284: 282: 281: 276: 260: 258: 257: 252: 237: 235: 234: 229: 217: 215: 214: 209: 193: 191: 190: 185: 154: 152: 151: 146: 144: 90: 83: 79: 76: 70: 65:this article by 56:inline citations 35: 34: 27: 21: 1381: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1370: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1335: 1333: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1310: 1308: 1299: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1263: 1235: 1214:to ±1 modulo 6. 1196: 1159: 1158: 1136: 1125: 1124: 1102: 1097: 1096: 1077: 1076: 1057: 1056: 1037: 1036: 1017: 1016: 997: 996: 977: 976: 904: 903: 899: 894: 893: 868: 867: 838: 837: 818: 817: 771: 770: 766: 761: 760: 735: 734: 715: 714: 692: 691: 667: 666: 638: 630: 629: 596: 595: 568: 558: 550: 549: 538: 502: 501: 482: 481: 404: 403: 369: 368: 349: 348: 318: 317: 287: 286: 267: 266: 243: 242: 220: 219: 200: 199: 176: 175: 161: 135: 134: 121:have a certain 91: 80: 74: 71: 60: 46:related reading 36: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1379: 1377: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1317: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1272:Big O notation 1269: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1254:Temporal logic 1251: 1248:Haken manifold 1234: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1222: 1215: 1208: 1195: 1192: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1132: 1109: 1105: 1084: 1064: 1044: 1024: 1004: 984: 943: 942: 930: 927: 923: 919: 916: 911: 907: 902: 881: 878: 875: 851: 848: 845: 825: 810: 809: 797: 794: 790: 786: 783: 778: 774: 769: 748: 745: 742: 722: 712:natural number 699: 674: 650: 645: 641: 637: 610: 606: 603: 581: 578: 575: 571: 565: 561: 557: 537: 534: 509: 489: 478: 477: 466: 463: 460: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 438: 434: 431: 428: 425: 421: 417: 414: 411: 397: 396: 385: 382: 379: 376: 356: 335: 331: 328: 325: 294: 274: 263: 262: 250: 227: 207: 183: 160: 157: 143: 109:, an infinite 93: 92: 50:external links 39: 37: 30: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1378: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1356:Number theory 1354: 1353: 1351: 1332: 1328: 1321: 1318: 1307: 1303: 1296: 1293: 1287: 1283: 1282:Number theory 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1220: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1197: 1193: 1191: 1189: 1170: 1164: 1156: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1130: 1107: 1103: 1082: 1062: 1042: 1022: 1002: 982: 973: 971: 967: 962: 960: 956: 952: 948: 928: 925: 921: 917: 914: 909: 905: 900: 892:, eventually 879: 876: 873: 865: 864: 863: 849: 846: 843: 823: 815: 795: 792: 788: 784: 781: 776: 772: 767: 746: 743: 740: 720: 713: 697: 689: 688: 687: 685: 672: 664: 643: 639: 628: 623: 604: 601: 579: 576: 573: 563: 559: 548: 544: 535: 533: 531: 527: 523: 507: 487: 461: 455: 449: 446: 443: 440: 432: 429: 423: 415: 412: 402: 401: 400: 383: 380: 377: 354: 329: 326: 316: 315: 314: 312: 308: 248: 241: 225: 205: 197: 181: 174: 173: 172: 170: 166: 158: 156: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 103:number theory 100: 89: 86: 78: 68: 64: 58: 57: 51: 47: 43: 38: 29: 28: 19: 1334:. Retrieved 1330: 1327:"Eventually" 1320: 1309:. Retrieved 1305: 1295: 1188:Hardy fields 1123: 974: 963: 955:special case 944: 813: 811: 665: 627:real numbers 624: 547:subsequences 542: 539: 479: 398: 264: 239: 238:is true for 195: 168: 164: 162: 118: 99:mathematical 96: 81: 72: 61:Please help 53: 1366:3-manifolds 594:, for some 127:ordered set 117:is said to 67:introducing 1350:Categories 1336:2019-11-20 1311:2019-11-20 1288:References 1267:Almost all 1240:3-manifold 959:almost all 543:eventually 526:infinitely 347:such that 196:eventually 165:eventually 119:eventually 1226:factorial 1212:congruent 929:ε 915:− 874:ε 796:ε 782:− 698:ε 605:∈ 577:≥ 453:⇒ 447:≥ 433:∈ 427:∀ 416:∈ 410:∃ 381:≥ 375:∀ 330:∈ 324:∃ 307:universal 293:∃ 273:∀ 198:true for 101:areas of 75:July 2018 1261:See also 1194:Examples 367:is true 305:are the 159:Notation 123:property 115:function 111:sequence 107:analysis 1075:, then 131:subsets 97:In the 63:improve 1219:square 1201:primes 966:domain 524:" or " 265:where 1199:"All 951:empty 663:limit 113:or a 48:, or 1224:The 1217:The 1134:> 926:< 877:> 847:> 793:< 744:> 686:is: 309:and 285:and 167:(or 155:). 105:and 1205:odd 1015:in 972:. 947:set 194:is 133:of 1352:: 1329:. 1304:. 1238:A 1157:, 759:, 622:. 532:. 261:), 52:, 44:, 1339:. 1314:. 1250:. 1174:) 1171:x 1168:( 1165:f 1142:0 1138:x 1131:x 1108:0 1104:x 1083:f 1063:s 1043:f 1023:S 1003:s 983:S 941:. 922:| 918:a 910:n 906:a 901:| 880:0 850:N 844:n 824:N 814:" 808:. 789:| 785:a 777:n 773:a 768:| 747:N 741:n 721:N 673:a 649:) 644:n 640:a 636:( 609:N 602:N 580:N 574:n 570:) 564:n 560:a 556:( 508:a 488:a 465:) 462:x 459:( 456:P 450:a 444:x 441:: 437:R 430:x 424:: 420:R 413:a 384:a 378:x 355:P 334:R 327:a 249:x 226:P 218:( 206:x 182:P 142:R 88:) 82:( 77:) 73:( 59:. 20:)

Index

Sufficiently large
list of references
related reading
external links
inline citations
improve
introducing
Learn how and when to remove this message
mathematical
number theory
analysis
sequence
function
property
ordered set
subsets
universal
existential quantifiers
arbitrarily large
infinitely
Arbitrarily large#Arbitrarily large vs. sufficiently large vs. infinitely large
subsequences
real numbers
limit
natural number
set
empty
special case
almost all
domain

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑