361:
localities, began to articulate a new version of takfir beyond that of the first generation. To a great extent, the new version of takfir involved Al al-Shaykh and other
Wahhabi scholars in reinvigorating and giving new meaning to the traditional concept of takfir. They used takfir in order to reconsolidate the Second Saudi State established in 1824.
360:
Unlike in the time of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, Sulayman witnessed strong
Ottoman interference as well as the Egyptian military campaign which led to the gradual dissolution in 1818 of the Wahhabi-Saudi state in Najd.. Sulayman and other Wahhabi scholars, who had found shelter in some sedentary and nomadic
168:
to express how
Wahhabis should behave against those who did not follow Wahhabi belief. In these fatwas Suleiman also outlined the conditions about visiting the lands of infidels. He argued that Wahhabi visitors should overtly practice their religion in such places and that they should not have close
163:
in the region to adopt the
Wahhabi approach which was not accepted by them. Then, they were declared by Suleiman as apostates. During the battles between the forces of the Emirate and the Egyptian-Ottoman troops Suleiman was one of the defenders of Diriyah. For him it was not an ordinary battle
231:
He suggested that true believers should not hesitate to show their hostility against the people having different religious beliefs. His view was just a reproduction of the approach that had existed in Islam, particularly among some
220:. Sulayman's works served as a manual for later Wahhabi scholars to make sense of the major tenets of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. Based on Sulayman's approach, classical Wahhabi scholars would formulate a novel doctrine of
247:
The views of
Suleiman bin Abdullah were frequently adopted by his cousin, Abdul Rahman bin Hasan, and other religious scholars during the second Saudi State, or Emirate of Najd. His views were also used by the
260:
as a justification for their resistance to him. King
Abdulaziz argued that Suleiman's views should be taken into consideration in the related context and period of time.
516:
626:
621:
641:
282:
280:
Joas
Wagemakers (February 2012). "The Enduring Legacy of the Second Saudi State: Quietist and Radical Wahhabi Contestations of Al Walaʾ Wa l Baraʾ".
240:, since the seventh century which emphasized the difference between true and false religion and banned all interaction with infidels. Here,
164:
between two political forces with conflicting interests, but between believers and non-believers or infidels. Abdullah issued several
646:
599:
529:
491:
144:, a son of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. Suleiman was a religious scholar like his father, uncles and grandfather and served as the
334:
141:
93:
180:, in October 1818 Suleiman was killed by them, since he did not accept their supremacy which he regarded as the submission to
561:
535:
224:
that expanded beyond the traditional paradigm of early
Wahhabis and excommunicated most of the political opponents of the
553:
109:
416:
Naser
Ghobadzdeh; Shahram Akbarzadeh (2015). "Sectarianism and the prevalence of 'othering' in Islamic thought".
237:
173:
475:
418:
177:
208:. He laid the theological instructions for declaring Muslims who did not adhere to Wahhabi beliefs as
636:
631:
435:
393:
351:
307:
299:
225:
105:
595:
525:
487:
209:
205:
587:
479:
427:
385:
343:
291:
581:
554:"Commentary. From Exclusivism to Accommodation: Doctrinal and Legal Evolution of Wahhabism"
483:
121:
78:
257:
615:
512:
439:
355:
332:
Tarik K. Firro (2013). "The
Political Context of Early Wahhabi Discourse of Takfir".
311:
253:
201:
194:
Suleiman was the first Wahhabi cleric noteworthy for introducing a novel approach to
137:
376:
Elizabeth Sirriyeh (1989). "Wahhabis, Unbelievers and the Problems of Exclusivism".
156:
431:
347:
591:
389:
295:
471:
The Clerics of Islam. Religious Authority and Political Power in Saudi Arabia
469:
233:
217:
113:
303:
149:
45:
397:
249:
196:
172:
One month after the capture of Diriyah by the Egyptian forces led by
165:
160:
200:, based on re-conceptualising the works of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab and
212:. These treatises would set the foundational principles for the
182:
145:
159:
by the Emirate of Diriyah in 1802–1803 Suleiman requested the
244:
refer to Muslims from different religious traditions.
16:
Religious scholar in the Emirate of Diriyah (1785–1818)
378:
Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies)
104:(1785 – October 1818) was a religious scholar in the
169:relations with infidels while visiting their land.
89:
68:
60:
52:
38:
30:
23:
586:. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 20, 24.
8:
283:International Journal of Middle East Studies
216:discourse of the 19th century ideologues of
524:. New York: I. B. Tauris. pp. 33, 36.
126:Evidence Against Loyalty to the Polytheists
83:Evidence Against Loyalty to the Polytheists
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
20:
269:
118:al Dalail fi Hukm Muwalat Ahl al Ishrak
75:al Dalail fi Hukm Muwalat Ahl al Ishrak
583:Saudi Arabia in the Nineteenth Century
507:
505:
503:
411:
409:
407:
371:
369:
275:
273:
252:leaders in the late 1920s just before
627:19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
622:18th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
327:
325:
323:
321:
7:
518:The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia
484:10.12987/yale/9780300178906.001.0001
42:October 1818 (aged 32–33)
642:Arab Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
136:Suleiman was born in 1785 into the
125:
82:
552:Abdulaziz H. Al Fahad (May 2004).
14:
116:movement. He was the author of
102:Suleiman bin Abdullah Al Sheikh
94:Abdullah bin Muhammad Al Sheikh
25:Suleiman bin Abdullah Al Sheikh
562:New York University Law Review
1:
432:10.1080/01436597.2015.1024433
348:10.1080/00263206.2013.811648
108:and one of the grandsons of
663:
110:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
592:10.1007/978-1-349-81723-8
390:10.1080/13530198908705492
296:10.1017/S0020743811001267
155:Following the capture of
647:Saudi Arabian Wahhabists
580:R. Bayly Winder (1965).
478:. pp. 77–79, 107.
342:(5): 776–778, 781–786.
468:Nabil Mouline (2014).
335:Middle Eastern Studies
476:Yale University Press
419:Third World Quarterly
142:Abdullah bin Muhammad
140:, and his father was
204:, in the context of
218:classical Wahhabism
226:Second Saudi state
206:Ottoman-Saudi wars
106:Emirate of Diriyah
541:on 15 April 2021.
474:. New Haven, CT:
112:, founder of the
99:
98:
56:Religious scholar
654:
606:
605:
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571:
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543:
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534:. Archived from
523:
509:
498:
497:
465:
444:
443:
413:
402:
401:
373:
364:
363:
329:
316:
315:
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138:Al Sheikh family
127:
84:
71:
21:
662:
661:
657:
656:
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652:
651:
612:
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609:
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579:
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494:
467:
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405:
375:
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331:
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279:
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271:
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192:
134:
69:
64:Qadi of Diriyah
48:
43:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
660:
658:
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634:
629:
624:
614:
613:
608:
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600:
572:
544:
530:
499:
492:
445:
426:(4): 691–704.
403:
365:
317:
268:
267:
265:
262:
258:King Abdulaziz
191:
188:
133:
130:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
72:
66:
65:
62:
61:Known for
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
44:
40:
36:
35:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
659:
648:
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628:
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623:
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601:9780333055410
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555:
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533:
531:9781848850149
527:
520:
519:
514:
513:David Commins
508:
506:
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493:9780300178906
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477:
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238:Shiite groups
235:
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207:
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202:Ibn Taymiyyah
199:
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174:Ibrahim Pasha
170:
167:
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158:
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582:
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536:the original
517:
470:
423:
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381:
377:
359:
339:
333:
287:
281:
254:their revolt
246:
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221:
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195:
193:
181:
178:Muhammad Ali
171:
157:Hejaz region
154:
135:
117:
101:
100:
74:
70:Notable work
18:
637:1818 deaths
632:1785 births
616:Categories
384:(2): 124.
264:References
53:Occupation
569:(2): 497.
440:145364873
356:144357200
312:162663590
290:(1): 95.
234:Kharijite
210:apostates
176:, son of
132:Biography
515:(2006).
304:41474982
256:against
242:infidels
214:Takfiri
150:Diriyah
114:Wahhabi
46:Diriyah
598:
528:
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438:
398:195146
396:
354:
310:
302:
250:Ikhwan
222:Takfir
197:Takfir
166:fatwas
122:Arabic
90:Father
79:Arabic
557:(PDF)
539:(PDF)
522:(PDF)
436:S2CID
394:JSTOR
352:S2CID
308:S2CID
300:JSTOR
190:Views
161:ulema
596:ISBN
526:ISBN
488:ISBN
236:and
183:kufr
146:qadi
128:).
39:Died
34:1785
31:Born
588:doi
480:doi
428:doi
386:doi
344:doi
292:doi
152:.
148:of
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