1010:
1263:
a jury, but the party accused is acquitted or condemned by the suffrage of such person only, as the statute has appointed for his judge. An institution designed professedly for the greater ease of the subject, by doing him speedy justice, and by not harassing the freeholders with frequent and troublesome attendances to try every minute offence. But it has of late been so far extended, as, if a check be not timely given, to threaten the disuse of our admirable and truly
English trial by jury, unless only in capital cases.
1315:, "there are certain minor or petty offenses that may be proceeded against summarily, and without a jury". These can include criminal and civil citations, where a person may be charged with a criminal or non-criminal infraction without the need of a physical arrest, such as in cases of non-violent fineable violations, crimes that carry little incarceration time, or non-criminal acts such as speeding. Any crime that is punishable by the controlling law for more than six months of
1236:. In such proceedings there is no jury; the appointed judge, or a panel of three lay magistrates, decides the guilt or innocence of the accused. Each summary offence is specified by statute which describes the (usually minor) offence and the judge to hear it. A summary procedure can result in a summary conviction. A "summary offence" is one which, if charged to an adult, can only be tried by summary procedure. Similar procedures are also used in Scotland.
2986:
2995:
1072:. As in other jurisdictions, summary conviction offences are considered less serious than indictable offences because they are punishable by shorter prison sentences and smaller fines. These offences appear both in the federal laws of Canada and in the legislation of Canada's provinces and territories. For summary conviction offences that fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government (including all
35:
1243:, so are not thereby "summary offences" in the meaning of that term defined by statute. Contrariwise, certain summary offences may in certain circumstances be tried on indictment along with other offences that are themselves indictable; they do not thereby become "indictable offences" or "either way offences" but remain "summary offences", though tried by jury.
1262:
proceeding I mean principally such as is directed by several acts of parliament (for the common law is a stranger to it, unless in the case of contempts) for the conviction of offenders, and the inflicting of certain penalties created by those acts of parliament. In these there is no intervention of
1337:
of the court, as "the requirement of a jury does not apply to contempts committed in disobedience of any lawful writ, process, order, rule, decree, or command entered in any suit or action brought or prosecuted in the name of, or on behalf of, the United States". There have been criticisms over the
1757:
enjoy a right to counsel regardless of the sentence imposed, only those charged with 'summary offenses' (violations not technically considered crimes and punishable by no more than 90 days' imprisonment, ... may receive a suspended sentence uncounseled. (Typical 'summary offenses' in
1798:
During a hearing on remand, Adefemi acknowledged several other convictions and arrests, including the circumstances surrounding
Georgia Citation Number 0129, under which Adefemi received a citation for a weapons
1327:
are entitled to a jury trial (irrespective of the nature of their offenses). In any case, for summary criminal offenses in the United States, convictions can still show as such on a criminal record.
1080:
specifies that, unless another punishment is provided for by law, the maximum penalty for a summary conviction offence is a sentence of 2 years less a day of imprisonment, a fine of $ 5,000 or both.
1476:, ... may receive a suspended sentence uncounseled. (Typical 'summary offenses' in Pennsylvania include the failure to return a library book within 30 days... and fishing on a Sunday ...
1346:
wrote in a 1964 dissent: "It is high time, in my judgment, to wipe out root and branch the judge-invented and judge-maintained notion that judges can try criminal contempt cases without a jury."
2739:
2326:
1520:
1239:
Certain offences that may be tried in a Crown Court (by jury) may be required to be tried summarily if the value involved is small; such offences are still considered
1122:
Accused convicted under summary conviction are eligible for a pardon after five years provided the accused is not convicted of any further offences during that period.
2749:
2130:
1968:
1095:
The police can arrest under summary conviction without an arrest warrant if found committing a summary offence notwithstanding s. 495(2)(c) of the
Criminal Code.
1679:
1135:
There is no time limit to when charges can be laid, such that an accused can be charged at any time after an act has occurred. The exception to this point is
1908:
2437:
1276:
1104:
Appeals of summary conviction offences go first to the highest trial court within the jurisdiction (e.g., provincial superior court in
Alberta is the
2908:
2873:
2219:
1608:"I have heard of "summary offences" and "indictable offences". What are the differences between the two and which court can try these offences?"
2481:
2293:
1092:
Accused must be charged with a summary conviction within one year after the act happened. Limitation periods are set out in the
Criminal Code.
996:
2449:
2371:
2263:
1473:
only those charged with 'summary offenses' (violations not technically considered crimes and punishable by no more than 90 days' imprisonment
2734:
2356:
2321:
1105:
2351:
1251:
1961:
1406:
1339:
2176:
2140:
2084:
2590:
1161:
1022:
3587:
3509:
2709:
2122:
632:
396:
1083:
As a matter of practical effect, some common differences between summary conviction and indictable offences are provided below.
2427:
1931:
1687:
1014:
2774:
2575:
2075:
868:
121:
2506:
2432:
1954:
878:
2901:
2511:
2111:
953:
862:
2678:
2470:
2259:
2224:
2166:
2079:
1582:
1009:
3272:
3011:
2640:
2306:
2241:
2230:
1296:
1288:
1112:
989:
552:
200:
1548:
2316:
1683:
1312:
846:
2595:
2465:
2389:
2056:
2051:
1308:
893:
116:
3387:
2985:
2894:
2560:
2454:
2251:
2181:
2100:
1758:
Pennsylvania include the failure to return a library book within 30 days... and fishing on a Sunday ...
1675:
1116:
711:
1876:"Petty Offenses, Serious Consequences: Multiple Petty Offenses and the Sixth Amendment Right to Jury Trial"
3705:
3690:
3499:
3489:
3110:
2759:
2501:
2186:
1077:
883:
622:
612:
298:
96:
49:
2799:
1646:
3725:
3484:
3247:
2724:
2645:
2600:
2444:
2255:
2204:
2171:
1632:
982:
903:
607:
527:
1233:
1119:, but as a practical matter very few summary convictions are ever heard by the Supreme Court of Canada.
1111:
After
Provincial Superior Court a further appeal would go to the Provincial Court of Appeal (e.g., the
1607:
1148:
Appeals always go to the
Provincial Court of Appeal first, and then on to the Supreme Court of Canada.
3577:
3494:
3479:
3373:
2744:
2714:
2288:
2283:
2267:
1977:
1125:
Always tried in a provincial court (cannot be joined with an indictable offence in a superior court).
1018:
697:
617:
602:
386:
1192:, summary offences are covered by the Summary Offences Act 1981, and include offences that resemble
1142:
Police do not require a warrant to arrest under an indictable offence: see S.495(1)(a) Criminal Code
3667:
3041:
2929:
2769:
2527:
2486:
2379:
2135:
2071:
2066:
841:
229:
181:
111:
101:
3592:
3572:
3537:
3527:
3145:
3126:
3056:
2965:
2851:
2516:
2399:
2346:
2061:
2016:
2006:
1991:
1895:
1360:
1247:
1240:
1205:
1165:
1053:
945:
762:
752:
401:
381:
333:
314:
244:
141:
3433:
2214:
783:
3695:
3597:
3086:
3051:
2789:
2719:
2422:
2278:
2197:
1365:
1330:
1272:
1229:
1145:
Accused has to submit fingerprints when required to appear to answer to an indictable offence.
924:
898:
406:
274:
239:
1390:
3653:
3359:
3297:
3192:
2764:
2655:
2605:
2476:
2412:
2273:
1887:
1292:
1173:
1037:
873:
831:
826:
683:
577:
472:
167:
1168:(s). Typical examples for summary offences in Hong Kong include possession of a simulated
3730:
3627:
3553:
3227:
3133:
3031:
2460:
2341:
2331:
2039:
1189:
817:
507:
436:
362:
321:
219:
87:
72:
1909:"The Petty Offense Exception in New York: The Accused Prostitute's Right to a Jury Trial"
1291:, depending on the offence (the latter being primarily for the most minor of offences).
1271:, trials for summary offences are heard in one of a number of types of lower court. For
3637:
3632:
3424:
3116:
2970:
2846:
2794:
2729:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2555:
2537:
2496:
2384:
2298:
2192:
2150:
1996:
1370:
1268:
1177:
929:
887:
446:
441:
304:
1098:
If the police do not find committing a summary offence, an arrest warrant is required.
3719:
3369:
3267:
3071:
3021:
2754:
2209:
2011:
1939:
1875:
1284:
693:
547:
259:
209:
1151:
Accused convicted under an indictable offence can apply for a pardon after 10 years.
3677:
3612:
3602:
3217:
3106:
3091:
2841:
2827:
2650:
1746:
1459:
1433:
1316:
1213:
1101:
Accused does not have to submit fingerprints when charged under
Summary Conviction.
1073:
934:
497:
421:
411:
294:
279:
191:
42:
17:
1736:
1449:
1489:
3582:
3381:
3377:
3287:
3036:
2994:
2950:
2105:
1754:
1467:
1410:
1355:
1334:
1217:
949:
705:
701:
567:
391:
224:
153:
77:
3672:
3458:
3339:
3334:
3212:
3096:
3076:
3066:
3046:
3000:
2990:
2975:
2945:
2865:
2832:
2809:
2620:
2550:
2336:
2033:
1848:
1343:
1320:
1160:
In Hong Kong, trials for summary offences are heard in one of the territory's
1049:
1045:
1044:
jurisdictions that can be proceeded against summarily, without the right to a
1041:
970:
856:
808:
663:
658:
492:
284:
264:
254:
234:
186:
106:
59:
3642:
3622:
3607:
3542:
3448:
3443:
3412:
3402:
3364:
3302:
3282:
3222:
3197:
2837:
2784:
2615:
2610:
2580:
1789:
1750:
1463:
1324:
798:
793:
767:
736:
726:
688:
582:
562:
502:
477:
451:
431:
416:
34:
1204:, as well as offences against public order. It also covers some aspects of
3700:
1811:
1771:
3562:
3532:
3453:
3397:
3349:
3324:
3306:
3242:
3207:
3178:
3160:
3155:
3138:
3101:
3081:
2817:
2779:
2683:
2585:
2045:
1852:
1829:
1718:
1700:
1682:), as amended by section 170 of, and paragraph 59 of Schedule 15 to, the
1415:
1280:
1201:
919:
851:
803:
757:
721:
673:
648:
586:
522:
487:
371:
348:
343:
326:
289:
269:
66:
3662:
3504:
3470:
3438:
3407:
3354:
3329:
3277:
3257:
3252:
3232:
3202:
3165:
3150:
3061:
3026:
2704:
2699:
2673:
2565:
2521:
2361:
2311:
2145:
1946:
1899:
1193:
1136:
836:
788:
731:
678:
653:
627:
557:
537:
532:
512:
482:
353:
338:
249:
214:
176:
2303:
Attempting to choke, &c. in order to commit any indictable offence
3567:
3392:
3262:
3121:
2955:
2417:
1209:
1065:
716:
542:
376:
309:
137:
1891:
3292:
3237:
3187:
2918:
2570:
2545:
1197:
1008:
572:
517:
467:
2886:
1818:. Harvard Law School. July 20, 2007. p. 724 & n. 2.
1686:, and by section 154 of, and paragraph 169 of Schedule 7 to, the
3617:
3344:
2822:
2491:
2407:
1169:
939:
668:
426:
2890:
1950:
1470:
enjoy a right to counsel regardless of the sentence imposed,
1743:. Harvard Law School. May 20, 2002. p. 670 n. 10.
1456:. Harvard Law School. May 20, 2002. p. 670 n. 10.
1319:
must have some means for a jury trial. Some states, such as
1680:"construction of certain expressions relating to offences"
1670:
1668:
1796:. Harvard Law School. September 28, 2004. p. 1025.
1232:, the expression "summary trial" means a trial in the
1444:
1442:
3652:
3552:
3519:
3468:
3422:
3316:
3176:
3010:
2938:
2808:
2740:
Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty
2692:
2664:
2536:
2398:
2370:
2327:
Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty
2240:
2159:
2121:
2093:
2025:
1984:
1432:See also Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, Rule
2735:Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension
2322:Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension
1836:. Harvard Law School. April 6, 1964. p. 688.
1778:. Harvard Law School. March 9, 1895. p. 297.
1422:. Harvard Law School. June 24, 1996. p. 323.
1725:. Harvard Law School. May 20, 1968. p. 146.
1707:. Harvard Law School. May 14, 1888. p. 552.
1853:"United States v. Barnett, 376 U.S. 681 (1964)"
1830:"United States v. Barnett, 376 U.S. 681 (1964)"
1635:(Act). New Zealand Parliament. 23 October 1981.
1402:
1400:
1256:
1794:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
1254:(1765–1769), described summary offences thus:
2902:
1962:
1772:"Ex parte Wong You Ting, 106 Cal. 296 (1895)"
1416:"Lewis v. United States, 518 U.S. 322 (1996)"
1172:, drunkenness, taking photographs in courts,
1164:, unless the defendant is accused with other
990:
8:
1932:"Why It's Time to Repeal Petty Offense Laws"
1816:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
1543:
1541:
1678:, section 5 and Schedule 1 (in the heading
1510:Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C - 46, s 786(2)
2909:
2895:
2887:
1969:
1955:
1947:
1719:"Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145 (1968)"
997:
983:
29:
1737:"Alabama v. Shelton, 535 U.S. 654 (2002)"
1450:"Alabama v. Shelton, 535 U.S. 654 (2002)"
1436:("Petty Offenses and Other Misdemeanors")
2289:Wounding or causing grievous bodily harm
1913:N.Y.U. Review of Law & Social Change
1021:, all summary offences are heard in the
1701:"Callan v. Wilson, 127 U.S. 540 (1888)"
1382:
1139:, which has a 3-year limitation period.
962:
911:
816:
775:
744:
640:
594:
459:
361:
199:
166:
129:
85:
48:
41:
2482:Preventing the lawful burial of a body
2294:Assault occasioning actual bodily harm
1647:"Summary offences and the Crown Court"
1068:, summary offences are referred to as
2450:Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred
1934:. Open Society Foundations. May 2021.
1479:(citations omitted) (emphasis added).
7:
2357:Offences Against the Person Act 1861
1790:"Adefemi v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 1022"
1216:, as well as regulating the sale of
1851:, dissenting, ed. (April 6, 1964).
1252:Commentaries on the Laws of England
1859:. Harvard Law School. p. 727.
1612:Community Legal Information Centre
147:
25:
3510:Perverting the course of justice
2993:
2984:
2932:. Not all types are listed here.
2750:Encouraging or assisting a crime
2710:Perverting the course of justice
2131:Encouraging or assisting a crime
1812:"Awad v. Gonzales, 494 F.3d 723"
633:Perverting the course of justice
33:
3248:Intellectual property violation
2874:History of English criminal law
2765:Obstruction of a police officer
2428:Fear or provocation of violence
1942:. Fort Collins Municipal Court.
528:Intellectual property violation
2775:Refusing to assist a constable
2591:Taking without owner's consent
1:
2795:Fabrication of false evidence
2507:Misconduct in a public office
2433:Harassment, alarm or distress
2007:Regulatory (lowered mens rea)
2512:Misfeasance in public office
2112:Ignorantia juris non excusat
1688:Magistrates' Courts Act 1980
1015:Melbourne Magistrates' Court
863:Ignorantia juris non excusat
2679:Cheating the public revenue
2471:Effecting a public mischief
2317:Assault with intent to rape
1776:Supreme Court of California
1653:. Crown Prosecution Service
1413:("Petty offense defined");
1115:), and then finally to the
1087:Summary conviction offences
1070:summary conviction offences
3747:
3273:Possessing stolen property
2755:Escape from lawful custody
2641:Fraud by abuse of position
2307:Assault with intent to rob
2231:Category:Criminal defences
1289:Justice of the peace court
1113:Court of Appeal of Alberta
553:Possessing stolen property
201:Offense against the person
27:Crime tried without a jury
3687:
2982:
2925:
2871:For obsolete aspects see
2860:
2606:Misappropriation of funds
2538:Offences against property
2220:Diminished responsibility
1838:(quotation marks omitted)
1684:Criminal Justice Act 1988
1633:Summary Offences Act 1981
1338:practice. In particular,
1297:Magistrates' Court system
847:Diminished responsibility
641:Crimes against the public
3372:(such as prohibition of
2693:Offences against justice
2466:Outraging public decency
2390:Sexual Offences Act 2003
2191:inc. participation in a
2101:Lesser included offences
2057:Intention in English law
2052:Intention (criminal law)
1874:Butler, Jeff E. (1995).
776:Crimes against the state
696:(such as prohibition of
1676:Interpretation Act 1978
1176:and pretending to be a
1117:Supreme Court of Canada
460:Crimes against property
150:(also called violation)
3490:Miscarriage of justice
2810:Other common law areas
2760:Obstruction of justice
2502:Accessory (legal term)
2264:Corporate manslaughter
1572:R v Clunas, 1 SCR 595
1492:. Government of Canada
1265:
1076:), section 787 of the
1025:
912:Other common-law areas
745:Crimes against animals
613:Miscarriage of justice
595:Crimes against justice
3485:Malfeasance in office
2928:Note: Crimes vary by
2725:Misprision of treason
2646:Conspiracy to defraud
2601:Handling stolen goods
2445:Public Order Act 1986
2400:Public order offences
1106:Court of King's Bench
1012:
818:Defenses to liability
608:Malfeasance in office
3578:Cybersex trafficking
3340:Censorship violation
2745:Harboring a fugitive
2715:Witness intimidation
2665:Forgery, personation
2284:Concealment of birth
1978:English criminal law
1761:(citations omitted).
1377:Notes and references
664:Censorship violation
387:Cybersex trafficking
3370:Illegal consumption
3042:Criminal negligence
2800:Rescuing a prisoner
2770:Wasting police time
2528:Dereliction of duty
2487:Breach of the peace
2205:Prevention of crime
2067:Criminal negligence
1919:(2). The Harbinger.
1907:Michelena, Hallie.
1880:Michigan Law Review
1749:, for example, all
1462:, for example, all
1323:, provide that all
1241:either way offences
1162:Magistrates' Courts
1130:Indictable offences
1019:Victoria, Australia
842:Defense of property
694:Illegal consumption
230:Criminal negligence
130:Severity of offense
18:Summary proceedings
3573:Child sexual abuse
3538:Wildlife smuggling
3528:Cruelty to animals
3317:Against the public
3146:Negligent homicide
3057:False imprisonment
3012:Against the person
2866:English law portal
2852:Criminal procedure
2517:Abuse of authority
2347:False imprisonment
2198:Medical procedures
2026:Elements of crimes
1857:U.S. Supreme Court
1834:U.S. Supreme Court
1741:U.S. Supreme Court
1723:U.S. Supreme Court
1705:U.S. Supreme Court
1454:U.S. Supreme Court
1420:U.S. Supreme Court
1393:. Merriam-Webster.
1361:Indictable offence
1277:Magistrates' Court
1248:William Blackstone
1234:magistrates' court
1166:indictable offence
1054:indictable offence
1026:
1023:Magistrates' Court
763:Wildlife smuggling
753:Cruelty to animals
382:Child sexual abuse
334:Negligent homicide
245:False imprisonment
142:Indictable offense
86:Scope of criminal
3713:
3712:
3696:Wikimedia Commons
3654:Inchoate offenses
3598:Indecent exposure
3087:Human trafficking
3052:Domestic violence
2884:
2883:
2790:Contempt of court
2720:Witness tampering
2438:intent aggravates
2423:Unlawful assembly
2279:Child destruction
2123:Inchoate offences
1985:Classes of crimes
1366:Summary execution
1331:Contempt of court
1307:In United States
1273:England and Wales
1230:England and Wales
1052:(required for an
1007:
1006:
407:Indecent exposure
275:Human trafficking
240:Domestic violence
168:Inchoate offenses
16:(Redirected from
3738:
3360:Ethnic cleansing
3298:Trespass to land
3193:Arms trafficking
3003:
2998:
2997:
2988:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2888:
2656:Webcam blackmail
2477:disorderly house
2413:Violent disorder
2274:Unlawful killing
2242:Offences against
2080:Strict liability
1971:
1964:
1957:
1948:
1943:
1935:
1920:
1903:
1861:
1860:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1786:
1780:
1779:
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1733:
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1502:
1501:
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1486:
1480:
1478:
1446:
1437:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1333:is considered a
1293:Northern Ireland
1174:careless driving
999:
992:
985:
956:
827:Actual innocence
684:Ethnic cleansing
578:Trespass to land
473:Arms trafficking
37:
30:
21:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3628:Sex trafficking
3554:Sexual offenses
3548:
3547:
3546:
3520:Against animals
3515:
3514:
3513:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3228:False pretenses
3172:
3171:
3170:
3134:Preterintention
3006:
2999:
2992:
2989:
2980:
2934:
2921:
2915:
2885:
2880:
2856:
2804:
2688:
2666:
2660:
2576:Criminal damage
2532:
2461:Public nuisance
2394:
2372:Sexual offences
2366:
2342:Child abduction
2243:
2236:
2182:Loss of control
2155:
2117:
2089:
2021:
1980:
1975:
1940:"Petty Offense"
1938:
1930:
1927:
1906:
1892:10.2307/1289950
1873:
1870:
1868:Further reading
1865:
1864:
1847:
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1823:
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1547:
1546:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1490:"Criminal Code"
1488:
1487:
1483:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1431:
1427:
1414:
1405:
1398:
1391:"petty offense"
1389:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1352:
1305:
1228:In relation to
1226:
1190:New Zealand law
1186:
1158:
1132:
1089:
1062:
1030:summary offence
1003:
944:
508:False pretenses
437:Sex trafficking
363:Sexual offenses
322:Preterintention
158:Summary offense
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3744:
3742:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3718:
3717:
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3708:
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3698:
3693:
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3684:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3638:Sexual slavery
3635:
3633:Sexual assault
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
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3419:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3355:Hostage-taking
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3300:
3295:
3290:
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3255:
3250:
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2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2730:Jury tampering
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2636:Fraud Act 2006
2633:
2631:Theft Act 1978
2628:
2626:Theft Act 1968
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2556:Cheating (law)
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2497:Forcible entry
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2396:
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2385:Sexual assault
2382:
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2349:
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2299:Common assault
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2227:
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2200:
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2193:sporting event
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2157:
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2154:
2153:
2151:Common purpose
2148:
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2125:
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2097:
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2020:
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2014:
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1999:
1994:
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1982:
1981:
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1973:
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1926:
1925:External links
1923:
1922:
1921:
1904:
1886:(3): 872–896.
1869:
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1425:
1407:18 U.S.C.
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1375:
1374:
1373:
1371:Hybrid offence
1368:
1363:
1358:
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1304:
1301:
1269:United Kingdom
1225:
1224:United Kingdom
1222:
1185:
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1178:public officer
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679:Hostage-taking
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447:Sexual slavery
444:
442:Sexual assault
439:
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3606:
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3599:
3596:
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3588:Homosexuality
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3404:
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3388:Miscegenation
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3294:
3291:
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3286:
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3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3268:Pickpocketing
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
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3236:
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3072:Home invasion
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3022:Assassination
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2210:Lawful excuse
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3678:Solicitation
3613:Prostitution
3603:Masturbation
3434:Lèse-majesté
3423:Against the
3218:Embezzlement
3107:Manslaughter
3092:Intimidation
2960:
2930:jurisdiction
2927:
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2864:
2667:and cheating
2651:Fare evasion
2260:Manslaughter
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2167:Self-defence
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1655:. Retrieved
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1468:misdemeanors
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1275:this is the
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904:Self-defense
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784:Lèse-majesté
498:Embezzlement
422:Prostitution
412:Masturbation
295:Manslaughter
280:Intimidation
192:Solicitation
157:
65:
58:
43:Criminal law
3583:Fornication
3500:Obstruction
3480:Compounding
3288:Tax evasion
3037:Child abuse
2951:Misdemeanor
2268:Infanticide
2106:Concurrence
1356:Misdemeanor
1335:prerogative
1218:spray paint
1184:New Zealand
899:Provocation
623:Obstruction
603:Compounding
568:Tax evasion
392:Fornication
225:Child abuse
154:Misdemeanor
78:Concurrence
3720:Categories
3691:WikiSource
3673:Incitement
3668:Conspiracy
3543:Bestiality
3495:Misprision
3459:Subversion
3413:War crimes
3408:Usurpation
3335:Corruption
3213:Cybercrime
3097:Kidnapping
3077:Hate crime
3067:Harassment
3047:Defamation
3001:Law portal
2976:Corruption
2966:Indictable
2946:Infraction
2621:Cybercrime
2551:Dishonesty
2475:Keeping a
2352:Harassment
2337:Kidnapping
2244:the person
2136:Conspiracy
2034:Actus reus
2017:Common law
1997:Either way
1992:Indictable
1799:violation.
1751:defendants
1587:canlii.org
1553:canlii.org
1525:canlii.org
1464:defendants
1344:Hugo Black
1325:defendants
1321:California
1050:indictment
1046:jury trial
1042:common law
857:Entrapment
832:Automatism
809:Subversion
768:Bestiality
737:War crimes
732:Usurpation
659:Corruption
618:Misprision
493:Cybercrime
285:Kidnapping
265:Hate crime
255:Harassment
235:Defamation
187:Incitement
182:Conspiracy
148:Infraction
107:Complicity
102:Accomplice
60:Actus reus
3701:Wikiquote
3643:Voyeurism
3623:Pederasty
3608:Obscenity
3449:Secession
3444:Espionage
3403:Terrorism
3365:Smuggling
3303:Vandalism
3283:Smuggling
3223:Extortion
3198:Blackmail
3111:corporate
2917:Types of
2785:Espionage
2616:Extortion
2611:Blackmail
2596:Deception
2581:Squatting
2177:Necessity
2141:Accessory
2094:Doctrines
2085:Omissions
2076:Vicarious
2072:Corporate
2040:Causation
2012:Statutory
1583:"Captcha"
1549:"Captcha"
1521:"Captcha"
1411:§ 19
1313:state law
1250:, in his
1156:Hong Kong
1038:violation
920:Contracts
894:Necessity
799:Secession
794:Espionage
727:Terrorism
689:Smuggling
583:Vandalism
563:Smuggling
503:Extortion
478:Blackmail
452:Voyeurism
432:Pederasty
417:Obscenity
299:corporate
122:Vicarious
117:Principal
112:Corporate
97:Accessory
88:liability
73:Causation
3706:Wikinews
3563:Adultery
3533:Poaching
3469:Against
3454:Sedition
3398:Regicide
3350:Genocide
3325:Apostasy
3307:Mischief
3243:Gambling
3208:Burglary
3179:property
3177:Against
3161:Stabbing
3156:Stalking
3139:Homicide
3102:Menacing
3082:Homicide
2847:Evidence
2828:Property
2818:Contract
2780:Sedition
2684:Uttering
2586:Trespass
2561:Burglary
2459:Causing
2455:Nuisance
2252:Homicide
2215:Insanity
2160:Defences
2046:Mens rea
1657:19 March
1617:20 April
1592:19 March
1558:19 March
1530:19 March
1350:See also
1342:Justice
1281:Scotland
1202:nuisance
1040:in some
935:Property
930:Evidence
925:Defenses
874:Insanity
804:Sedition
758:Poaching
722:Regicide
674:Genocide
649:Apostasy
587:Mischief
523:Gambling
488:Burglary
372:Adultery
349:Stabbing
344:Stalking
327:Homicide
290:Menacing
270:Homicide
67:Mens rea
50:Elements
3663:Attempt
3505:Perjury
3471:justice
3439:Treason
3382:smoking
3378:alcohol
3345:Dueling
3330:Begging
3278:Robbery
3258:Looting
3253:Larceny
3233:Forgery
3203:Bribery
3166:Torture
3151:Robbery
3109: (
3062:Frameup
3032:Battery
3027:Assault
2961:Summary
2939:Classes
2842:estates
2705:Perjury
2700:Bribery
2674:Forgery
2566:Robbery
2524:of oath
2522:Perjury
2362:Treason
2332:Battery
2312:Robbery
2187:Consent
2146:Attempt
2002:Summary
1900:1289950
1496:20 June
1309:federal
1267:In the
1260:summary
1194:forgery
1137:treason
1048:and/or
963:Portals
954:estates
886: (
884:Mistake
869:Infancy
837:Consent
789:Treason
706:smoking
702:alcohol
669:Dueling
654:Begging
628:Perjury
558:Robbery
538:Looting
533:Larceny
513:Forgery
483:Bribery
354:Torture
339:Robbery
297: (
250:Frameup
220:Battery
215:Assault
177:Attempt
3731:Crimes
3593:Incest
3568:Bigamy
3393:Piracy
3380:, and
3263:Payola
3127:felony
3122:Murder
3117:Mayhem
2971:Hybrid
2956:Felony
2838:Trusts
2418:Affray
2256:Murder
2172:Duress
1898:
1409:
1210:arrest
1206:search
1188:Under
1066:Canada
1060:Canada
950:trusts
888:of law
852:Duress
717:Piracy
704:, and
543:Payola
402:Incest
377:Bigamy
315:felony
310:Murder
305:Mayhem
138:Felony
3425:state
3374:drugs
3293:Theft
3238:Fraud
3188:Arson
2919:crime
2876:table
2833:Wills
2571:Theft
2546:Arson
1896:JSTOR
1279:. In
1258:By a
1198:fraud
1036:is a
1017:. In
946:Wills
940:Torts
698:drugs
573:Theft
518:Fraud
468:Arson
3618:Rape
2840:and
2823:Tort
2492:Rout
2408:Riot
2380:Rape
1674:The
1659:2018
1619:2021
1594:2018
1560:2018
1532:2018
1498:2015
1311:and
1246:Sir
1212:and
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1013:The
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