2160:
448:
winter or summer time are coordinated and do not disrupt the internal market. This decision was confirmed by the full
European Parliament on 26 March; it must now be approved by the Council of the European Union. As of November 2021, this approval has not yet been obtained. Under the draft directive, member states would have chosen whether to remain on their current summer time, in which case the last transition would have been on the last Sunday of March 2021, or their current winter time, which would have taken permanent effect from the last Sunday of October 2021.
20:
584:
800:
557:
611:
1097:
1151:
935:
827:
503:
1124:
1043:
1016:
962:
881:
854:
719:
530:
1205:
1178:
1070:
425:
all airline schedules, particularly in terms of ensuring slot availability on flights outside the EU, and recommended keeping the status quo or deferring the change until at least 2021. An informal meeting of EU transport ministers on 29 October 2018 suggested that many member states would not support the "unrealistic" timetable and that implementation could be pushed back to 2021.
989:
746:
773:
692:
638:
376:
the fourth Sunday in
October for the United Kingdom and Ireland. In 1996 the end date was changed to the fourth Sunday in October for all countries. In 1998 the end date was changed to the last Sunday in October; this happened to be the same as the previous rule for 1996 and 1997. The ninth directive, Directive 2000/84/EC, currently (2018) in force, specifies this rule.
908:
665:
2363:, a small exclave entirely surrounded by Swiss territory, also observes the same time as in Switzerland. It did not implement summer time in 1980 and observed the same time as Switzerland, so that in 1980, there was a time difference of one hour during the implementation of summer time in Germany between Büsingen am Hochrhein and the rest of
2073:
was UTC-2. However, since 1976 in
Madeira (belonging to time zone -1), the official time is the same as that of Continental Portugal (UTC) and, in the Azores (belonging to time zone -2), it is one hour behind (UTC-1) the mainland. The start and end dates for summer time in Portugal follow the pattern
2532:
Summer time was first implemented under the Summer Time Act 1916. Subsequent legislation has altered this: Summer Time Act 1922; Time (Ireland) Act, 1916; Summer Time Act, 1925; Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939; The Summer Time Order 1964; The Summer Time Order 1967; Summer Time Act 1972; The
2178:
announced cancellation of biannual clock changes in Russia in favor of a permanent switch to summer time. An hour was added in March 2011 for the last time, and clocks did not move back again. At the same time some of Russia's time zones were consolidated. After this reform many
Russian cities had a
2082:
Summer time in
Romania (locally known by "Ora de Vară") was originally introduced in 1932 (between 22 May and 2 October). Between 1933 and 1940 summer time started on the first Sunday in April and ended on the first Sunday in October. Summer time was abandoned in 1941 and reintroduced in 1979. Since
424:
used by most computers and smartphones, notes that "With less than a year's notice there is a good chance that some computer-based clocks will operate incorrectly after the change, due to delays in propagating updates to software and data." The airline industry pointed out the complexity of revising
400:
On 8 February 2018, the
European Parliament voted to ask the European Commission to re-evaluate DST in Europe. After a web survey, that ran from 4 July to 16 August 2018, in which 4.6 million European citizens participated, showed high support for not switching clocks twice annually, on 12 September
375:
Since 1981, each directive has specified a transition time of 01:00 UTC and a start date of the last Sunday in March, but the end dates have differed. Successive
Directives laid down two dates for the end: one on the last Sunday in September applied by the continental Member States, and the other on
451:
A consultation by the Irish government found that 80% of those surveyed would not support any measure that resulted in different time zones between
Northern Ireland and the Republic. In July 2019, Ireland announced its opposition to the proposed directive and intends to lobby other EU states on the
2322:
On 6 April 1980, Sweden again introduced summer time, and since then summer time has been observed every summer in Sweden. Except for the introduction year 1980, summer time has always started on the last Sunday in March. It ended on the last Sunday in
September during the years 1980–1995, and has
2194:, Russian citizens remembered the winter of 2011-12 as the "darkest winter on record" as a result of the time change. However, Putin later said it would be up to then Prime Minister Medvedev's cabinet to decide how to proceed with a seasonal time shift, and it decided to stay with the 2011 policy.
447:
On 4 March 2019, the
European Parliament Transport and Tourism Committee approved the Commission's proposal by 23 votes to 11. The start date was, however, to be postponed until 2021 at the earliest, to ensure a smooth transition, and the Commission is to ensure that countries' decisions to retain
396:
were divided. It did, however, note that a cost would be incurred if harmonisation between member states' summer time rules was lost. In 2017 the Finnish and Lithuanian parliaments both voted in favour of proposals calling on the EU to reconsider daylight saving, with similar criticism from Poland
1956:, and it has been adopted and abolished several times: it was observed from 1916 to 1920 and between 1940 and 1948. A law was approved in 1965 that took effect the following year, and made the application of summer time mandatory in the whole country. Since 1996, it has been coordinated with the
337:
2000/84/EC makes the observance of summer time mandatory for EU member states (except overseas territories). A proposal to repeal this directive and require that member states observe their own choice year-round is currently going through the legislative process as of July 2020, but has not seen
1711:
From 1923 until the Second World War, France and Monaco observed summer time from the last Saturday in March until the first Saturday in October. During the Second World War France also observed summer time. However, after the war the practice was abandoned (since the country changed time zones
473:
As of December 2021, the decision has not been confirmed by the Council of the European Union. The Council has asked the Commission to produce a detailed impact assessment, but the Commission considers that the onus is on the Member States to find a common position in Council. As a result,
2463:
On 3 March 2021, the Verkhovna Rada voted on bill No. 4201 "Draft Law on time observation in Ukraine" which will abandon transitioning to summer time and establish year-round standard time on the whole territory of Ukraine. The bill received 277 votes from the 370 MPs present during the first
2155:
in summer), summer time commenced at 02:00 UTC on the day before the last Sunday in March, and ended at 03:00 UTC on the day before the last Sunday in October. ("Day before the last Sunday" is not the same as "the last Saturday" in a month where the last day is a Saturday.)
2278:
In 1918, Spain observed summer time for the first time, and then introduced and abolished several times. It was abolished autumn 1949, and then reintroduced 1974 and has been used since. Spain used GMT+00:00 from 1901 to 1940 and GMT+01:00 from 1940 as standard time. The
461:
on 31 January 2020, before any reform became effective; EU rules continued to apply during the transition period (up until 31 December 2020) but thereafter the UK could choose to make its own arrangements. If the UK were thus to continue observing summer/winter time,
1995:
In 1940 the German occupants forced the Netherlands to observe CEST, Germany's Daylight Saving Time, effectively advancing its time by one hour and 40 minutes. This time stayed in effect year round until 1942, when the normal clock followed the German DST switches.
2539:
The UK was, until 23:00 GMT on 31 January 2020, a member state of the European Union. Since 1996, all clocks in the European Union have changed to summer or winter time on the same dates and at the same moment, at 01:00 UTC+00:00 (Thus summer time ends at 01:59:59
2464:
reading. On 19 March, the bill was rejected in a second reading with 212 out of 226 required votes and was sent to an additional second reading instead. On 16 July 2024, the bill got passed, thus, the last clock transition is scheduled for 27 October 2024.
2593:
observes CET and CEST, in line with neighbouring Spain. Due to Gibraltar's longitude, which is further west than much of the UK, it could be considered that Gibraltar is on permanent summer time, and observes double summer time during the summer months.
286:) in the period between spring and autumn, during which clocks are advanced by one hour from the time observed in the rest of the year, with a view to making the most efficient use of seasonal daylight. It corresponds to the notion and practice of
1395:
Some may be thought of as using "permanent" summer time, since they use time zones allocated to regions further east than themselves. Belarus explicitly decided to stay permanently on (what it formerly called) summer time after 2011.
1649:
observed summer time simultaneously with Europe. In November 2022, the Greenland parliament voted to remain on permanent summer time from spring 2023 onwards. Exceptions, based on company decisions, are the northeastern coast around
1463:
Spain, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands may also be thought of as observing "summer time" throughout the winter, and "double-summer time" during summer, because of their positions to the west of the central European time zone.
1832:, a small exclave of Germany entirely surrounded by Swiss territory, did not implement summer time in 1980 but observed the same time as Switzerland; thus there was a one-hour time difference between this village and the rest of
2641:
2262:
republics. The same law was valid until 1996 when the end of summer time was changed from the first Sunday in October to the last Sunday in October. In 2006, the European Union standard was adopted and is still used today.
2395:
For the year 2011, Turkey switched to European Summer Time at 3:00 am (03:00) on Monday 28 March, one day later than the rest of Europe, to avoid disrupting the national university entrance examinations held on 27 March.
1882:
Summer time was first introduced in Hungary in 1916, and it was observed until 1919. After that, summer time was in use between 1941–1949 and 1954–1957. Summer time has been in use again since 1980 and follows EU rules.
1866:
In the early 1970s and in the aftermath of the 1973 energy crisis that led many European states to implement summer time in order to save energy, Greece reintroduced summer time in 1975 for the period March–September.
2334:
changes its clocks at 04:00, so that the last tram that leaves around 03:30 actually goes 02:30 on the last weekend of October for those who have changed their clocks at the legal time. The public transport company
456:
launched a new inquiry in July 2019 to consider the implications of the European changes, explore the preparations that should be made and the factors that should inform the UK's response. The United Kingdom
2062:) was introduced in 1916. In the years 1922, 1923, 1925, 1930 and 1933 summer time was not applied. From 1966 to 1976 permanent summer time was applied in Portugal (UTC+1), Madeira (UTC) and Azores (UTC-1).
3213:
1898:
but has not used summer time since April 1968. From 1908 to 1968 Iceland used GMT−01:00. Summer time was used in 1917–1919, 1921 and 1939–1967. The European Union Directive 2000/84/EC is valid also in the
1810:
reached an agreement to observe summer time simultaneously from the last Sunday in March (02:00 CET) to the last Sunday in September (03:00 CEST). Thus both German states observed the same time until the
2318:
summer time was originally introduced on 15 May 1916. It proved unpopular, and on 30 September in the same year, Sweden returned to year-round standard time. This continued for more than half a century.
2619:
If the 2018 Commission proposal had been approved by the Council of Ministers, and member states opted to remain on winter time year round, the October 2022 clock change would have been the final clock
2355:, even though summer time had been rejected by 52.1% of voters in a federal referendum in 1978. Since 1996, Swiss summer time has followed EU regulations. It had formerly been in use in 1941 and 1942.
2555:
As of August 2020, it appears that the UK government intends to continue to operate winter and summer time on these dates, irrespective of any EU decision on the matter. This may have the effect that
2190:
proposed re-introducing summer time, as some workers had complained about not seeing any daylight during the winter, since the sun had not risen when they went to work. According to a report in the
3177:
2242:
in 1993, independent Slovakia continued to use summer time. From 1996, Slovakia has prolonged summer time by about one month so it lasts until the last weekend in October, in accordance with
2667:"Communication from the commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the European economic and social committee under Article 5 of Directive 2000/84/EC on summer time arrangements"
1553:
in 1992, Croatia followed the Central European way to change the time on the last Sunday of March and on the last Sunday of October, respectively on the last Sunday of September till 1995.
3458:"Formand jubler over EU-udmelding: 'Så skal champagnen flyde i stride strømme'] (translation: The chairman is delighted with EU announcement: "The champagne will flow in steady flow")"
452:
issue. A qualified majority of 55% of member states representing at least 65% of the European population is required for the Council of Ministers to implement a directive. In the UK, the
2039:
In the years 1979–1995 the last day of summer time was the last Sunday of September. In 1996 it was changed to the last Sunday of October, to synchronise with other countries of the EU.
416:
Under the proposal, member countries were expected to decide by 31 March 2019 which time they would observe year round. This was however considered a fairly tight timescale by many. The
364:
Historically, the countries of Europe had different practices for observing Summer Time, but this hindered coordination of transport, communications, and movements. Starting in 1981 the
2649:
3605:
2406:
In 2015, Turkey delayed the switch from European Summer Time by 2 weeks, to 4:00 am (04:00) on Sunday 8 November, two weeks later than the rest of Europe, due to the calling of a
2179:"standard time" two hours more than would be suggested by their "astronomical time" (because the original standard time was already ahead of astronomical time in many areas).
3279:
2399:
Once again, for the year 2014, Turkey switched to European Summer Time at 3:00 am (03:00) on Monday 31 March, one day later than the rest of Europe, to avoid disrupting the
401:
2018 the European Commission decided to propose that an end be put to seasonal clock changes (repealing Directive 2000/84/EC). In order for this to be valid, the standard
1623:
since 1980. A national association against summer time (Landsforeningen mod Sommertid) exists, which celebrated the EU commission preliminary decision in August 2018.
2456:
along with Belarus and western Russia (which do not observe summer time). However, on 18 October 2011 the Parliament canceled these plans and the country returned to
2235:, established that summer time begins annually in the first weekend of April (moved to the last weekend in March in 1981) and ends in the last weekend of September.
3204:
4620:
1534:
Summer time was introduced in Bulgaria in 1979 by a regulation of the Bulgarian Council of Ministers. Bulgaria observes the European Union rules for summer time.
4264:
2014:
However, in 1980 summer time was reintroduced (together with Sweden and Denmark), and since at least 2002 Norway has followed the European Union in this matter.
3648:
3078:
3501:
2051:
operates Western European Time and Western European Summer Time, although the majority of mainland Portugal, west of 7º30'W, was supposed to be operating in
2944:
2582:
held a referendum to consider moving permanently to Central European Time in winter and Central European Summer Time in summer; however, this was rejected.
2536:
The UK did not revert to GMT for the three winters of 1968–69, 1969–70 and 1970–71, remaining on BST continuously from 18 February 1968 to 31 October 1971.
2610:
The choice should be either summer or winter time of their current time zone; however, this is not obligatory, so a new time zone could be chosen as well.
1999:
The use of DST was abandoned directly after the war, and not observed again until 1977, when summer time was observed again, which it currently still is.
1435:) means that sunset and sunrise times change by many hours over the year, and the effect of changing the clock by one hour would, in comparison, be small.
3482:
3540:
1631:
The Faroe Islands has observed summer time since 1981. The islands have never been part of the EU, so the decision to observe summer time was its own.
5090:
2259:
2147:
were the same as for other European countries, but clocks were moved forward or back at 02:00 local time in all zones. Thus in Moscow (local time =
1929:) is observed during Summer (March to October). IST is sometimes mistaken for "Irish Summer Time", though this is incorrect. Winter Time (UTC+00,
3140:
2468:
333:) on the last Sunday in October (between 25 and 31 October) each year; i.e. the change is made at the same absolute time across all time zones.
4713:
3261:
2407:
361:
began to prompt policymakers to reintroduce Summer Time across the continent. It has remained in place in most European countries since then.
3013:
2007:
In Norway, summer time was observed in 1916, 1940–45, and 1959–65. The arrangement was controversial, and in 1965 the Norwegian parliament (
1549:
as summer time was introduced in 1983. Yugoslavia was the last country in Europe introducing summer time. After gaining independence in the
4654:
3366:
2777:
1940:, as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, observes UK time. As of March 2022, this is the same as the rest of
1640:
402:
357:
and its immediate aftermath. Again it was widely cancelled by the 1950s, but reintroduced in isolated cases until the late 1960s, when the
2871:
1355:"Double Summer Time" (two hours ahead of local winter time) has been observed on some occasions, notably in 1921, 1941–45, and 1947. See:
4285:
2850:
4126:
2258:(locally known as "Poletni čas") was introduced on 16 November 1982 to be practised from 1983 on. At that time, Slovenia was one of the
2132:
1573:
417:
3457:
2973:
2789:
4063:
2183:
393:
4589:
392:
did not at that time put forward proposals to be considered, saying it had not found conclusive evidence in favour of a change, and
3053:
2995:
2217:
1692:
to abolish daylight saving time was signed by 70,000 Finnish citizens. It was presented to the Finnish parliament in June 2017.
4841:
4680:
4664:
1776:
1369:
535:
84:
3392:
4771:
4644:
2376:
2098:
1663:
1445:) in the country's west, including Moscow, setting the clocks back one hour at the same time as other European countries did.
3031:
2821:"European Commission - PRESS RELEASES - Press release - Summertime Consultation: 84% want Europe to stop changing the clock"
2388:
In 2008, the Turkish Ministry of Energy proposed that Turkey should abolish summer time while at the same time switching to
2392:, originally from 2009 onwards, but when this appeared infeasible, to start in 2011, the plan has not been heard of since.
5085:
4606:
2476:
2449:
2239:
1602:
406:
4437:
3968:
1863:
Summer time was first introduced in Greece in 1932, from July 6 to September 1, but the idea was then quickly abandoned.
353:. However, most countries discontinued the practice after the war. It was then restarted in various countries during the
4649:
4613:
4055:
3345:
2586:
2522:
2434:
2400:
2159:
1926:
1823:
1705:
1591:
1584:, summer time was used from 1940. In 1940/1941 and 1941/1942, summer time was kept continuously even during the winter.
1550:
1489:
330:
326:
322:
160:
112:
73:
2143:, for example) on 1 April 1981, and its practice continued into post-Soviet times until 2011. The changeover dates in
1788:
470:
or with the rest of the UK. In September 2018, the UK Government said that it "has no plans" to end daylight saving.
2323:
ended on the last Sunday in October since 1996, following a unification of start/end dates of summer time within the
1802:
decided to reintroduce summer time, following the example set by several neighbouring states in the aftermath of the
4978:
4791:
4706:
2642:"The plan to abolish the time change is "completely blocked" at European level, says specialist in European issues"
2336:
1792:
1359:
805:
4385:
3326:
1952:
Summer time is known as "ora legale" (literally "legal hour", referencing the fact that it is mandated by law) in
1441:
used "permanent summer time" from 2011 to 2014. In October 2014 Russia changed permanently back to standard time (
5039:
4816:
2666:
4243:
3674:
3235:
1590:
used summer time from 1945 to 1949 and from 1979 to 1992. In winter 1946/1947 (from 1 December to 23 February),
341:
Summer time lasts 30 weeks in years when the last Sunday in March is after the 28th; otherwise, it is 31 weeks.
1728:
369:
334:
2360:
1829:
4177:
5095:
5054:
5006:
4903:
4898:
3236:"House of Lords - Subsidiarity Assessment:discontinuing seasonal changes of time - European Union Committee"
2291:
2213:
562:
3994:
1900:
1431:. Iceland's high latitude (the Reykjavík region, home to nearly two-thirds of the country's people, is at
3745:
2724:
2121:
led to the abandonment of this system six months later: clocks moved one hour back again on 28 December.
5011:
4863:
4699:
3114:
2510:
2506:
2457:
2445:
1930:
1701:
1485:
318:
314:
310:
148:
127:
100:
55:
34:
2802:
2339:
changes their clocks at the legal time, and runs extra departures during the October transition hour.
1403:
switched to summer time in spring 2011 and did not switch back to standard time, and is now observing
5016:
4629:
3584:
2838:
State of the Union 2018: Q&A on the Commission's proposal to put an end to seasonal clock changes
2299:
1812:
1736:
287:
255:
3205:"'Time border' could exist between Northern Ireland and Great Britain after Brexit, minister admits"
2742:
19:
4963:
3763:
3720:
3619:
3082:
2575:
2571:
2560:
2514:
2498:
2488:
1922:
1918:
1787:; GMT+03:00): in 1947, all of Germany switched to midsummer time from 11 May to 29 June. After the
1432:
410:
389:
385:
365:
358:
78:
60:
39:
1763:
in November 1918, summer time ceased to be observed. Summer time was reintroduced in 1940, during
4933:
4893:
4873:
4853:
4756:
4200:
3513:
2567:
2430:
2140:
1965:
1689:
1678:
summer time was not used in 1990–1996 and 2000–2001. It was used under Soviet rule in 1981–1989.
1659:
1562:
616:
4354:
4222:
2760:
1565:
summer time was used for three seasons during World War I, from 1916 to 1918, while part of the
4195:
3942:
5044:
4868:
4585:
4134:
4016:
3805:
3693:
3284:
1102:
428:
Discussions have shown support for year-round "winter time" in e.g. Denmark, the Netherlands (
4411:
466:
would have a one-hour time difference for 30 or 31 weeks of the year either with the rest of
5064:
5049:
5034:
4996:
4948:
4943:
4918:
4776:
4112:
3767:
3555:
2556:
2102:
1937:
1156:
940:
832:
508:
463:
354:
132:
3419:"Bulgaria Turns Clocks to Daylight Saving Time March 28 - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency"
2837:
2385:
in 1947, but suspended from 1965 to 1972. Since 1974, Turkey follows European Summer Time.
1771:. After the defeat of Germany, summer time was retained by the occupation powers. In 1945,
4973:
4923:
4883:
4836:
4831:
4821:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4781:
4766:
4761:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
3705:
3525:
2851:"Procedure File: 2018/0332(COD) | Legislative Observatory | European Parliament"
2175:
1912:
1803:
1795:(East Germany) were established in 1949, summer time again ceased to be observed in 1950.
1760:
1717:
1614:
1566:
1519:
1129:
1048:
1021:
967:
886:
859:
751:
724:
589:
350:
205:
4099:
3178:"Implications of ending clock changes investigated in new inquiry - News from Parliament"
2820:
1815:
in 1990, after which the reunified Germany retained the laws and thus also the Time Act (
4598:
4159:
2918:
1187:
5059:
5001:
4968:
4958:
4938:
4928:
4913:
4908:
4888:
4858:
4826:
4811:
4786:
4722:
4415:
4085:
3830:
2494:
2441:
2324:
2280:
2272:
2243:
2232:
2187:
2114:
2092:
1982:
1957:
1871:
1852:
1655:
1598:
1587:
1392:
There are five countries that do not use summer time, but keep the same time all year.
1210:
1183:
1075:
778:
697:
643:
453:
444:). Portugal, Spain and Italy are in favour of keeping current daylight saving regime.
182:
23:
3299:
2529:
and Irish Standard Time in Ireland, in accordance with the standard European timings.
5079:
4953:
4878:
4848:
4366:
4336:
4313:
2356:
2331:
1756:
1523:
1407:
all year round. The midpoint of Belarus has longitude 28°E, corresponding to UTC+1.8.
994:
913:
670:
634:
372:
requiring member states to legislate harmonised start and end dates for Summer Time.
321:) on the last Sunday in March (between 25 and 31 March) and ends at 01:00 UTC (02:00
4550:
4515:"Full text - Daylight Saving Time - United Kingdom Law - The Summer Time Order 1997"
4514:
3844:
3781:
3262:"EU daylight saving switch could leave Northern Ireland out of step with rest of UK"
1988:
Amsterdam time was 19 minutes and 32 seconds ahead of GMT (Greenwich Meridian time).
3634:
2364:
2225:
2221:
1807:
1799:
1764:
1708:. They apply EU rules regarding the start and end times and dates for summer time.
1651:
1581:
1508:
539:
211:
199:
4532:
3418:
2688:
65:
44:
4464:"Про порядок денний одинадцятої сесії Верховної Ради України дев'ятого скликання"
3869:
3159:
3096:
2892:
3470:
2703:
2444:(Ukrainian parliament) voted not to return from Eastern European Summer Time to
2352:
2275:
has summer time, applying EU rules regarding the start and end times and dates.
2125:
2083:
1996, with few exceptions, summer time in Romania follows European Union rules.
1978:
1837:
1768:
1752:
421:
217:
176:
3932:
Contains tables with all historical summer time start and end dates since 1932.
3649:"Aλλάζει την Κυριακή η ώρα -Οι δείκτες των ρολογιών μια ώρα πίσω | Kathimerini"
1840:, the zone Europe/Busingen was created in its 2013a release, because since the
1451:
decided to stop daylight saving time in September 2016, but decided to stay on
3483:"Citizens' initiative to dump Daylight Saving Time heads to Finnish lawmakers"
2541:
2518:
2502:
2453:
2414:
2389:
2348:
2303:
2295:
2287:
2164:
2152:
2148:
2128:
had the effect of imposing year-round time-zone advances in the Soviet Union.
2011:) voted to discontinue the practice. Their neighbour, Sweden, did not use it.
2008:
1961:
1895:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1716:
permanent summer time). In 1976, summer time was reimplemented because of the
1546:
1522:
used summer time during World War I in 1916, 1917, and 1918, in line with the
1493:
1481:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1424:
1404:
1380:
1373:
1363:
441:
437:
433:
429:
222:
187:
164:
152:
137:
116:
104:
89:
4138:
4492:
4371:
4341:
4318:
4034:
3920:
3559:
2590:
2118:
1968:
share land borders solely with Italy and observe the same time as in Italy.
1841:
1646:
1477:
1428:
1427:
all year round despite being at longitudes (13°W-24°W) which would indicate
1414:
1410:
397:
and Sweden. The European Commission at the time was reviewing the practice.
1845:
436:) while permanent summer time was supported in France, Germany and Poland (
3894:
2526:
2294:, except Canary Islands, correspond to UTC-0:37 to UTC+0:17), its use of
2255:
2205:
2048:
1577:
1455:
throughout the year rather than switching back to its original time zone
1759:
from 1916 to 1918. After the end of the war and the proclamation of the
4463:
3280:"Northern Ireland won't change time zone to suit the EU, say unionists"
2426:
2066:
1941:
1891:
1833:
1675:
1620:
1542:
1504:
1420:
1400:
499:
467:
275:
271:
2283:
used GMT-01:00 before 1946 and GMT+00:00 since 1946 as standard time.
4286:"Turkey to implement daylight savings time year-round - Türkiye News"
2579:
2472:
2382:
2315:
2168:
2144:
2110:
2070:
1772:
1686:
In Finland, summer time has been used on a regular basis since 1981.
1448:
1438:
458:
283:
279:
267:
4100:"Time Zone & Clock Changes in las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain"
3393:"Russia set to turn back the clocks with daylight-saving time shift"
4414:[Draft Law on time observation in Ukraine] (in Ukrainian).
3141:"European parliament votes to scrap daylight saving time from 2021"
2840:
European Commission − Press Release (Strasbourg, 12 September 2018)
2448:. This change would have had the effect of moving Ukraine into the
1874:
rules regarding the start and end times and dates for summer time.
1855:
rules regarding the start and end times and dates for summer time.
661:
4533:"Time Zone & Clock Changes in London, England, United Kingdom"
4441:
4389:
2197:
On 26 October 2014, Russia permanently returned to "winter" time.
2158:
2052:
2022:
In Poland, "the summer time" was observed in the following years:
1953:
1239:(clocks go forward) at 01:00 UTC on the last Sunday in March, and
18:
4691:
4488:
2460:
as scheduled. 295 MPs voted in favour out of 349 registered MPs.
1991:
Later this was corrected to GMT+00:20 for the sake of simplicity.
1822:
After 1980, West and East Germany; since 1991 reunified Germany:
4579:
2413:
In 2016, Turkey scrapped winter time, by permanently staying in
2136:
298:
266:
is the variation of standard clock time that is applied in most
4695:
4602:
3327:"Stopping the clock on seasonal time changes? Not anytime soon"
2327:
as well as in several European countries then outside the EU.
306:
293:
In all locations in Europe where summer time is observed (the
4058:[On Sunday, summer time ends in European countries].
3079:"Could switching between summer and winter time end in 2021?"
2359:
observes the same time as Switzerland. The German village of
1243:(clocks go back) at 01:00 UTC on the last Sunday in October:
1844:
epoch in 1970, Büsingen am Hochrhein has shared clocks with
1806:. However, it only came into effect in 1980, after West and
3943:"Time Zone & Clock Changes 1900-1924 in Moscow, Russia"
3436:
3361:
3359:
3032:"Informe de la Comisión para la reforma de la hora oficial"
2306:) in summer can be seen as a form of "double summer time".
1743:) in summer can be seen as a form of "double summer time".
1507:
used summer time in 1916–1918, 1920, 1940–1948 (as part of
294:
4113:
Natten mellan lördag och söndag går vi över till sommartid
2689:"European Commission - Mobility and Transport: Summertime"
384:
There were proposals in 2015 and 2016 from members of the
2469:
regions of eastern Ukraine under the occupation of Russia
2533:
Summer Time Order 1997; and The Summer Time Order 2002.
4332:
4330:
4328:
4309:
4307:
4050:
4048:
2417:
daylight saving time zone passed Thursday 8 September.
4337:
Ukraine to return to standard time on 30 Oct (updated)
3995:"Russian prime minister promises daylight saving time"
3325:
Posaner, Joshua; Cokelaere, Hanne (24 October 2020).
2996:"Debate over daylight saving time drags on in Europe"
2919:"Sources for time zone and daylight saving time data"
2113:
on 1 July 1917, and clocks moved one hour forward. A
1641:
Daylight saving time in the Americas § Greenland
4438:"Rada Refuses To Cancel Transition To Seasonal Time"
4086:"Daylight Saving Time Changes 2019 in Madrid, Spain"
2945:"Joint industry position on Summertime Arrangements"
2887:
2885:
290:(DST) to be found in some other parts of the world.
5025:
4987:
4729:
4673:
4637:
4056:"V európskych štátoch sa v nedeľu skončí letný čas"
3367:"Greenland to stay in daylight saving time forever"
243: Pale colours: Standard time observed all year
4581:Saving the Daylight: Why We Put the Clocks Forward
3585:"France and Spain kicks into "Double Summer Time""
3502:"Finland wants EU to give up daylight saving time"
3203:
2803:"EU Parliament Votes to Re-Evaluate DST in Europe"
1231:Table of transition dates for European Summer Time
2429:in the early 1980s; from 1981 till 1989 this was
2302:, while its use of Central European Summer Time (
1981:did not use a standardised time until 1909, when
1739:, while its use of Central European Summer Time (
4196:"Turkey to abandon daylight saving time in 2011"
3833:[Legal time since 1911] (in Portuguese).
3097:"Euro MPs vote to end summer time clock changes"
2866:
2864:
2778:Finland wants EU to give up daylight saving time
2578:, although under separate legislation. In 2008,
1731:correspond to UTC-0:20 to UTC+0:38), its use of
4367:Ukraine cancels plan to drop winter time change
4265:"End of Daylight Saving Time delayed in Turkey"
4127:"Sommartid blir vintertid - även i SL-trafiken"
3608:, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. (2010)
3346:"Why Europe Couldn't Stop Daylight Saving Time"
3160:"Irish government opposes EU clock change plan"
3014:"Portugal não vai acabar com a mudança da hora"
2347:The second last country in Europe (only before
1903:, but Iceland has a special exception from it.
1388:Countries not switching to and from summer time
359:energy crisis of the late 1960s and early 1970s
4223:"Turkey switches to summer time one day later"
2872:"Countries resist Juncker's clock change plan"
474:progress on the issue is effectively blocked.
4707:
4614:
4412:"Проект Закону про обчислення часу в Україні"
4386:"Rada To Abandon Transition To Seasonal Time"
2790:Lithuania hopes to kill daylight savings time
1775:and the Soviet Occupation Zone even observed
8:
4035:"РФ вернется к "зимнему времени" 26 октября"
3304:Mobility and Transport - European Commission
349:Summer Time was first introduced during the
4314:Ukraine cancels use of daylight saving time
3764:"Regio Decreto Legge n. 664 13 giugno 1940"
3635:"New zone for DE, split from Europe/Berlin"
3606:DST and midsummer DST in Germany until 1979
388:to abolish summer time observance, but the
4714:
4700:
4692:
4621:
4607:
4599:
4178:"Seit 30 Jahren Sommerzeit in der Schweiz"
3578:
3576:
2212:) in 1916, 1917, and 1918 (as part of the
476:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3956:
2559:will have a different time zone from the
2216:), then again in the early 1940s (as the
4489:"DPR and LPR switch over to Moscow time"
4017:"Russia moves to year-round winter time"
2893:"Clock is ticking on EU daylight saving"
2661:
2659:
2551:Summer Time ends: Last Sunday in October
2548:Summer Time starts: Last Sunday in March
1751:Summer time was first introduced during
1664:in accordance with US and Canadian rules
1511:between 1940 and 1945), and since 1980.
1245:
4357:, WorldTimeZone.com (20 September 2011)
3921:"Observatorul Astronomic - Ora de vara"
3620:"tzcode2013a and tzdata2013a available"
2989:
2987:
2761:"EU Politicians Speak Up to Remove DST"
2669:. European Commission. 23 November 2007
2632:
2603:
2509:), which is based on the solar time at
1933:) is observed in the rest of the year.
1601:continued to use summer time after the
4468:Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України
3782:"Time Zone History of the Netherlands"
3701:
3691:
3521:
3511:
3115:"EUR-Lex - 52018PC0639 - EN - EUR-Lex"
3054:"Disposizioni relative all'ora legale"
2174:On 8 February 2011, Russian President
1476:is added to the name of each European
4244:"Turkey's election delays summertime"
3973:Latitude: Views from Around the World
3897:[Legislation on legal time].
3746:"EUR-Lex - 22001D0095 - EN - EUR-Lex"
3344:Feargus, O'Sullivan (11 March 2021).
2725:"EUR-Lex - 32000L0084 - EN - EUR-Lex"
2493:The standard time zone for the whole
2351:) to adopt summer time, in 1981, was
2298:in winter could be seen as a form of
1735:in winter could be seen as a form of
405:must be followed, including that the
7:
4655:Daylight saving time in the Americas
3997:. Time and Date.com. 8 February 2012
3901:. Observatório Astronómico de Lisboa
2640:Lawson, Patrick (18 November 2020).
1201:
1174:
1147:
1120:
1093:
1066:
1039:
1012:
985:
958:
931:
904:
877:
850:
823:
796:
769:
742:
715:
688:
607:
580:
553:
526:
403:European Union legislative procedure
4204:. Worldtimezone.com. 19 August 2008
3548:Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes
3202:Cowburn, Ashley (24 October 2019).
2208:used summer time (locally known as
1948:Italy, San Marino, and Vatican City
1848:, but not with Germany every year.
1574:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
420:, which coordinates changes to the
418:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
4355:Deputies cancelled the winter time
4064:News Agency of the Slovak Republic
3969:"Will Russia Turn Back the Clock?"
3766:[Royal Legal Decree 664].
3633:Olson, Arthur David (2012-03-03).
3260:Schaart, Eline (22 October 2018).
2994:Chevalier, Zoe (6 November 2021).
2704:"History of legal time in Britain"
14:
3675:"Πότε θα αλλάξει η ώρα σε θερινή"
3500:Editorial, Reuters (2017-10-26).
3300:"Seasonal clock change in the EU"
2743:"Summertime: changing the clocks"
2065:Since 1912, the official time in
1727:is France's "natural" time zone (
1619:Summer time has been observed in
1480:during this period: thus, in the
478:Mainland timezones of EU members
4125:Nyheter, Sveriges (2007-10-26).
3967:Gessen, Masha (1 October 2012).
3158:Harrison, Shane (18 July 2019).
3139:Boffey, Daniel (26 March 2019).
3020:(in Portuguese). 1 October 2018.
2702:Joseph Myers (21 January 2007).
2290:is Spain's "natural" time zone (
2135:reintroduced summer time in the
2133:Council of Ministers of the USSR
1781:Mitteleuropäische Hochsommerzeit
1767:, to try to save energy for the
1413:moved to permanent summer time (
1203:
1176:
1149:
1122:
1095:
1068:
1041:
1014:
987:
960:
933:
906:
879:
852:
825:
798:
771:
744:
717:
690:
663:
636:
609:
582:
555:
528:
501:
413:must both approve the proposal.
16:Variation of standard clock time
5091:Daylight saving time by country
4681:Daylight saving time by country
4665:Daylight saving time in Oceania
4246:. World Bulletin. 23 March 2014
4225:. World Bulletin. 10 March 2011
3895:"Legislação sobre a Hora Legal"
3725:Ειδήσεις - νέα - Το Βήμα Online
3719:Βεβελακη, Αμαλια (2008-11-24).
3541:"La France à l'heure allemande"
3437:"Landsforeningen mod Sommertid"
3216:from the original on 2022-05-25
2513:, London. The country observes
1777:Central European Midsummer Time
1370:Central European Midsummer Time
4645:Daylight saving time in Africa
3975:. International Herald Tribune
2855:oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu
2425:Summer time was introduced in
2381:Summer time was introduced in
2377:Daylight saving time in Turkey
2231:In 1979, Slovakia, as part of
2099:Russian Provisional Government
2058:Summer time (locally known as
1870:Since 1997 Greece follows the
1572:During World War II, when the
1:
4267:. Hürriyet. 30 September 2015
2477:Further-eastern European Time
2450:Further-eastern European Time
2343:Switzerland and Liechtenstein
2240:dissolution of Czechoslovakia
1603:dissolution of Czechoslovakia
407:Council of the European Union
338:progress since October 2020.
4650:Daylight saving time in Asia
4158:ChF, Chancellerie fédérale.
2587:British Overseas Territories
2435:Eastern European Summer Time
2192:International Herald Tribune
2163:Night black sky at 9:06 am (
1927:Western European Summer Time
1824:Central European Summer Time
1706:Central European Summer Time
1551:Croatian War of Independence
1490:Central European Summer Time
1472:In most of Europe, the word
161:Eastern European Summer Time
113:Central European Summer Time
74:Western European Summer Time
3618:Eggert, Paul (2013-03-02).
2974:"Fin du changement d'heure"
2218:Slovak Republic (1939–1945)
301:and associated countries),
5112:
3240:publications.parliament.uk
2585:None of the UK's fourteen
2521:), which is equivalent to
2486:
2440:On 20 September 2011, the
2374:
2090:
1910:
1793:German Democratic Republic
1638:
1612:
1360:British Double Summer Time
2167:) on 23 December 2013 in
2106:
1700:France and Monaco follow
1341:25 March 2029 ?
1333:26 March 2028 ?
1325:28 March 2027 ?
1317:29 March 2026 ?
144:
96:
51:
3870:"Time Zones in Portugal"
2101:introduced summer time (
335:European Union Directive
3845:"Decree of 26 May 1911"
3831:"Hora Legal desde 1911"
3721:"Ιστορίες θερινής ώρας"
3673:Newsroom (2018-03-18).
3560:10.3406/bec.1999.450989
3539:Poulle, Yvonne (1999).
2410:on Sunday, 1 November.
2214:Austro-Hungarian Empire
2074:in the rest of the EU.
1791:(West Germany) and the
1567:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1379:Moscow Midsummer Time (
4772:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2978:assemblee-nationale.fr
2330:The transit authority
2184:2012 election campaign
2171:
2069:was UTC-1, and in the
1901:European Economic Area
1690:A citizens' initiative
1594:(CET+01:00) was used.
270:countries (apart from
260:
4660:Summer time in Europe
4578:David Prerau (2005).
4555:greenwichmeantime.com
4551:"British Summer Time"
4182:www.suedostschweiz.ch
3637:. gmane.comp.time.tz.
2511:Greenwich Observatory
2458:Eastern European Time
2446:Eastern European Time
2408:snap general election
2361:Büsingen am Hochrhein
2162:
2091:Further information:
1911:Further information:
1830:Büsingen am Hochrhein
1702:Central European Time
1654:(UTC year-round) for
1486:Central European Time
1344:28 October 2029
1336:29 October 2028
1328:31 October 2027
1320:25 October 2026
1312:26 October 2025
1292:29 October 2023
1284:30 October 2022
1276:31 October 2021
1268:25 October 2020
1260:27 October 2019
1235:European Summer Time
264:Summer time in Europe
149:Eastern European Time
128:Eastern European Time
101:Central European Time
56:Western European Time
35:Western European Time
22:
5086:Daylight saving time
4630:Daylight saving time
2652:on 12 February 2021.
2300:daylight saving time
2271:Spain including the
1851:Germany follows the
1813:German reunification
1737:daylight saving time
1303:27 October 2024
303:European Summer Time
288:daylight saving time
254: Dark colours:
4988:States with limited
4537:www.timeanddate.com
4519:www.webexhibits.org
4322:(20 September 2011)
4290:Hürriyet Daily News
3947:www.timeanddate.com
3874:www.timeanddate.com
3806:"Hva er sommertid?"
3587:. Time and Date.com
3306:. 22 September 2016
3288:. 1 September 2018.
3083:European Parliament
2807:www.timeanddate.com
2792:, Euractiv 22/11/17
2780:, Euractiv 27/10/17
2765:www.timeanddate.com
2576:British Summer Time
2572:Greenwich Mean Time
2561:Republic of Ireland
2515:British Summer Time
2499:Greenwich Mean Time
2489:British Summer Time
1923:Irish Standard Time
1819:) of West Germany.
1645:From 1980 to 2023,
479:
411:European Parliament
390:European Commission
386:European Parliament
366:European Commission
85:Irish Standard Time
79:British Summer Time
61:Greenwich Mean Time
40:Greenwich Mean Time
4292:. 8 September 2016
4201:Turkish Daily News
3704:has generic name (
3653:www.kathimerini.gr
3583:Thorsen, Steffen.
3524:has generic name (
2691:. 24 October 2014.
2568:Crown Dependencies
2431:Moscow Summer Time
2403:held on 30 March.
2172:
2141:Moscow Summer Time
2131:A decision of the
1966:Vatican City State
1563:Kingdom of Bohemia
1468:Local observations
1351:Double Summer Time
1309:30 March 2025
1298:31 March 2024
1289:26 March 2023
1281:27 March 2022
1273:28 March 2021
1265:29 March 2020
1257:31 March 2019
477:
422:time zone database
261:
5073:
5072:
4689:
4688:
4495:. 26 October 2014
4375:(18 October 2011)
4345:(18 October 2011)
4131:Svenska Dagbladet
4066:. 23 October 2020
4039:Российская газета
3750:eur-lex.europa.eu
3655:. 26 October 2018
3460:. 31 August 2018.
3350:www.bloomberg.com
3285:Belfast Telegraph
3119:eur-lex.europa.eu
2899:. 29 October 2018
2878:. 5 October 2018.
2729:eur-lex.europa.eu
2119:Soviet government
1696:France and Monaco
1417:) in spring 2023.
1348:
1347:
1228:
1227:
229:
228:
5103:
5026:Dependencies and
4730:Sovereign states
4716:
4709:
4702:
4693:
4632:(or summer time)
4623:
4616:
4609:
4600:
4595:
4584:. Granta Books.
4566:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4418:. 9 October 2020
4408:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4382:
4376:
4364:
4358:
4352:
4346:
4334:
4323:
4311:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4122:
4116:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4052:
4043:
4042:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3964:
3951:
3950:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3849:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3768:Kingdom of Italy
3760:
3754:
3753:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3703:
3699:
3697:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3545:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3509:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3479:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3363:
3354:
3353:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3207:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3103:. 26 March 2019.
3093:
3087:
3086:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3010:
3004:
3003:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2980:. 12 March 2019.
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2949:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2889:
2880:
2879:
2868:
2859:
2858:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2749:. 24 March 2016.
2739:
2733:
2732:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2663:
2654:
2653:
2648:. Archived from
2637:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2557:Northern Ireland
2108:
2097:A decree of the
1992:
1989:
1986:
1938:Northern Ireland
1789:Federal Republic
1246:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1020:
1018:
1017:
993:
991:
990:
966:
964:
963:
939:
937:
936:
912:
910:
909:
885:
883:
882:
858:
856:
855:
831:
829:
828:
804:
802:
801:
777:
775:
774:
750:
748:
747:
723:
721:
720:
696:
694:
693:
669:
667:
666:
642:
640:
639:
615:
613:
612:
588:
586:
585:
561:
559:
558:
534:
532:
531:
507:
505:
504:
480:
464:Northern Ireland
432:), and Finland (
355:Second World War
305:begins at 01:00
259:
253:
250:
247:
242:
239:
236:
233:
220:
214:
208:
202:
185:
179:
135:
133:Kaliningrad Time
87:
81:
63:
42:
28:
27:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5027:
5021:
5007:Northern Cyprus
4989:
4983:
4904:North Macedonia
4725:
4723:Time in Europe
4720:
4690:
4685:
4669:
4633:
4627:
4592:
4577:
4574:
4572:Further reading
4569:
4559:
4557:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4498:
4496:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4473:
4471:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4447:
4445:
4444:. 19 March 2021
4436:
4435:
4431:
4421:
4419:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4395:
4393:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4365:
4361:
4353:
4349:
4335:
4326:
4312:
4305:
4295:
4293:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4270:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4249:
4247:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4228:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4207:
4205:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4143:
4141:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4111:
4107:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4069:
4067:
4054:
4053:
4046:
4041:. 22 July 2014.
4033:
4032:
4028:
4023:. 22 July 2014.
4015:
4014:
4010:
4000:
3998:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3978:
3976:
3966:
3965:
3954:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3926:
3924:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3902:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3878:
3876:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3853:
3851:
3850:(in Portuguese)
3847:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3815:
3813:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3790:
3788:
3786:Timeanddate.com
3780:
3779:
3775:
3770:. 13 June 1940.
3762:
3761:
3757:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3730:
3728:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3700:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3658:
3656:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3604:
3600:
3590:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3574:
3564:
3562:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3520:
3510:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3465:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3442:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3402:
3400:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3373:. 27 March 2023
3365:
3364:
3357:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3244:
3242:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3210:The Independent
3201:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3085:. 4 March 2019.
3077:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2928:
2926:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2870:
2869:
2862:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2491:
2485:
2437:has been used.
2423:
2401:local elections
2379:
2373:
2345:
2312:
2269:
2254:Summer time in
2252:
2203:
2176:Dmitry Medvedev
2095:
2089:
2080:
2045:
2020:
2005:
1990:
1987:
1985:was introduced.
1976:
1974:
1950:
1925:(IST) (UTC+01,
1915:
1913:Time in Ireland
1909:
1889:
1880:
1861:
1804:1973 oil crisis
1761:Weimar Republic
1749:
1698:
1684:
1672:
1658:(which follows
1643:
1637:
1629:
1617:
1615:Time in Denmark
1611:
1559:
1540:
1532:
1520:Austria-Hungary
1517:
1515:Austria-Hungary
1502:
1470:
1390:
1353:
1233:
1204:
1202:
1177:
1175:
1150:
1148:
1123:
1121:
1096:
1094:
1069:
1067:
1042:
1040:
1015:
1013:
988:
986:
961:
959:
934:
932:
907:
905:
880:
878:
853:
851:
826:
824:
799:
797:
772:
770:
745:
743:
718:
716:
691:
689:
664:
662:
637:
635:
610:
608:
583:
581:
556:
554:
529:
527:
502:
500:
440:), and Cyprus (
382:
351:First World War
347:
251:
248:
245:
244:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
216:
210:
206:Azerbaijan Time
204:
198:
181:
175:
131:
83:
77:
59:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5109:
5107:
5099:
5098:
5096:Time in Europe
5093:
5088:
5078:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5031:
5029:
5028:other entities
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4993:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4979:United Kingdom
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4792:Czech Republic
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4696:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4590:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4542:
4524:
4506:
4480:
4470:(in Ukrainian)
4455:
4429:
4416:Verkhovna Rada
4403:
4392:. 3 March 2021
4377:
4359:
4347:
4324:
4303:
4277:
4256:
4235:
4214:
4187:
4169:
4150:
4133:(in Swedish).
4117:
4105:
4091:
4077:
4044:
4026:
4008:
3986:
3952:
3934:
3912:
3886:
3861:
3836:
3822:
3812:(in Norwegian)
3797:
3773:
3755:
3737:
3711:
3665:
3640:
3625:
3622:. tz-announce.
3610:
3598:
3572:
3554:(2): 493–502.
3531:
3492:
3489:. 8 June 2017.
3474:
3463:
3449:
3428:
3410:
3384:
3355:
3336:
3317:
3291:
3271:
3252:
3227:
3194:
3169:
3150:
3131:
3106:
3088:
3070:
3045:
3023:
3005:
2983:
2965:
2936:
2910:
2881:
2860:
2842:
2830:
2812:
2794:
2782:
2770:
2752:
2747:epthinktank.eu
2734:
2716:
2694:
2680:
2655:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2612:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2495:United Kingdom
2487:Main article:
2484:
2483:United Kingdom
2481:
2442:Verkhovna Rada
2422:
2419:
2375:Main article:
2372:
2369:
2344:
2341:
2311:
2308:
2292:extreme points
2281:Canary Islands
2273:Canary Islands
2268:
2265:
2251:
2248:
2244:European Union
2233:Czechoslovakia
2202:
2199:
2188:Vladimir Putin
2093:Time in Russia
2088:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2019:
2016:
2004:
2001:
1983:Amsterdam Time
1973:
1970:
1958:European Union
1949:
1946:
1908:
1905:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1860:
1857:
1748:
1745:
1729:extreme points
1697:
1694:
1683:
1680:
1671:
1668:
1656:Thule Air Base
1636:
1633:
1628:
1625:
1613:Main article:
1610:
1607:
1599:Czech Republic
1588:Czechoslovakia
1558:
1557:Czech Republic
1555:
1545:was a part of
1539:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1516:
1513:
1501:
1498:
1469:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1446:
1436:
1418:
1408:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1367:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
956:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
929:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
902:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
875:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
848:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
821:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
794:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
767:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
740:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
713:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
686:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
659:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
632:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
605:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
578:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
551:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
524:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
497:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
454:House of Lords
381:
378:
368:began issuing
346:
343:
227:
226:
196:
192:
191:
173:
169:
168:
157:
156:
146:
142:
141:
125:
121:
120:
109:
108:
98:
94:
93:
70:
69:
53:
49:
48:
32:
24:Time in Europe
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5108:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5040:Faroe Islands
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5012:South Ossetia
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4986:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4864:Liechtenstein
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4717:
4712:
4710:
4705:
4703:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4631:
4624:
4619:
4617:
4612:
4610:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4593:
4591:1-86207-796-7
4587:
4583:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4556:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4525:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4507:
4494:
4490:
4484:
4481:
4469:
4465:
4459:
4456:
4443:
4439:
4433:
4430:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4391:
4387:
4381:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4278:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4245:
4239:
4236:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4191:
4188:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4165:
4161:
4160:"Votation No"
4154:
4151:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4109:
4106:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4009:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3974:
3970:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3935:
3923:(in Romanian)
3922:
3916:
3913:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3862:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3738:
3726:
3722:
3715:
3712:
3707:
3695:
3680:
3676:
3669:
3666:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3636:
3629:
3626:
3621:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3599:
3586:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3550:(in French).
3549:
3542:
3535:
3532:
3527:
3515:
3507:
3503:
3496:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3467:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3411:
3399:. 1 July 2014
3398:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3347:
3340:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3321:
3318:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3256:
3253:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3198:
3195:
3183:
3182:UK Parliament
3179:
3173:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3154:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3135:
3132:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2953:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2924:
2923:data.iana.org
2920:
2914:
2911:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2705:
2698:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2633:
2627:
2616:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2589:observe BST.
2588:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2570:also observe
2569:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2433:; since 1992
2432:
2428:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2357:Liechtenstein
2354:
2350:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2086:
2084:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2060:hora de Verão
2056:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1757:German Empire
1754:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1662:and observes
1661:
1660:Atlantic Time
1657:
1653:
1648:
1642:
1634:
1632:
1627:Faroe Islands
1626:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1524:German Empire
1521:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1465:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1350:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1185:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
996:
984:
980:
977:
974:
971:
969:
957:
953:
950:
947:
944:
942:
930:
926:
923:
920:
917:
915:
903:
899:
896:
893:
890:
888:
876:
872:
869:
866:
863:
861:
849:
845:
842:
839:
836:
834:
822:
818:
815:
812:
809:
807:
795:
791:
788:
785:
782:
780:
768:
764:
761:
758:
755:
753:
741:
737:
734:
731:
728:
726:
714:
710:
707:
704:
701:
699:
687:
683:
680:
677:
674:
672:
660:
656:
653:
650:
647:
645:
633:
629:
626:
623:
620:
618:
606:
602:
599:
596:
593:
591:
579:
575:
572:
569:
566:
564:
552:
548:
545:
542:
537:
525:
521:
518:
515:
512:
510:
498:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
481:
475:
471:
469:
465:
460:
455:
449:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
398:
395:
394:member states
391:
387:
379:
377:
373:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
344:
342:
339:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
257:
224:
219:
213:
207:
201:
197:
194:
193:
189:
184:
178:
174:
171:
170:
166:
162:
159:
158:
154:
150:
147:
143:
139:
134:
129:
126:
123:
122:
118:
114:
111:
110:
106:
102:
99:
95:
91:
86:
80:
75:
72:
71:
67:
62:
57:
54:
50:
46:
41:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
5017:Transnistria
4659:
4638:By continent
4580:
4558:. Retrieved
4554:
4545:
4536:
4527:
4518:
4509:
4497:. Retrieved
4483:
4472:. Retrieved
4467:
4458:
4446:. Retrieved
4432:
4420:. Retrieved
4406:
4394:. Retrieved
4380:
4370:
4362:
4350:
4340:
4317:
4294:. Retrieved
4289:
4280:
4269:. Retrieved
4259:
4248:. Retrieved
4238:
4227:. Retrieved
4217:
4206:. Retrieved
4199:
4190:
4181:
4172:
4164:www.admin.ch
4163:
4153:
4142:. Retrieved
4130:
4120:
4108:
4094:
4080:
4068:. Retrieved
4059:
4038:
4029:
4020:
4011:
3999:. Retrieved
3989:
3977:. Retrieved
3972:
3946:
3937:
3925:. Retrieved
3915:
3903:. Retrieved
3898:
3889:
3877:. Retrieved
3873:
3864:
3852:. Retrieved
3839:
3825:
3814:. Retrieved
3810:Forskning.no
3809:
3800:
3789:. Retrieved
3785:
3776:
3758:
3749:
3740:
3729:. Retrieved
3724:
3714:
3683:. Retrieved
3678:
3668:
3657:. Retrieved
3652:
3643:
3628:
3613:
3601:
3589:. Retrieved
3563:. Retrieved
3551:
3547:
3534:
3522:|first=
3505:
3495:
3486:
3477:
3466:
3452:
3441:. Retrieved
3431:
3423:novinite.com
3422:
3413:
3401:. Retrieved
3397:The Guardian
3396:
3387:
3375:. Retrieved
3370:
3349:
3339:
3330:
3320:
3308:. Retrieved
3303:
3294:
3283:
3274:
3265:
3255:
3243:. Retrieved
3239:
3230:
3218:. Retrieved
3209:
3197:
3185:. Retrieved
3181:
3172:
3163:
3153:
3145:The Guardian
3144:
3134:
3122:. Retrieved
3118:
3109:
3100:
3091:
3073:
3061:. Retrieved
3059:(in Italian)
3048:
3036:. Retrieved
3034:(in Spanish)
3026:
3017:
3008:
2999:
2977:
2968:
2956:. Retrieved
2952:www.iata.org
2951:
2939:
2927:. Retrieved
2922:
2913:
2901:. Retrieved
2896:
2875:
2854:
2845:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2785:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2707:. Retrieved
2697:
2683:
2671:. Retrieved
2650:the original
2645:
2635:
2615:
2606:
2584:
2565:
2554:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2492:
2471:, including
2466:
2462:
2439:
2424:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2365:West Germany
2346:
2329:
2321:
2313:
2285:
2277:
2270:
2253:
2237:
2230:
2226:Nazi Germany
2222:client-state
2209:
2204:
2196:
2191:
2181:
2173:
2130:
2123:
2107:летнее время
2096:
2081:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2046:
2038:
2035:1977–present
2021:
2013:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1975:
1951:
1935:
1916:
1890:
1881:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1850:
1828:
1821:
1816:
1808:East Germany
1800:West Germany
1797:
1784:
1780:
1765:World War II
1750:
1722:
1713:
1712:instituting
1710:
1699:
1688:
1685:
1673:
1652:Danmarkshavn
1644:
1630:
1618:
1596:
1586:
1582:Nazi Germany
1571:
1560:
1541:
1533:
1518:
1509:Nazi Germany
1503:
1473:
1471:
1462:
1394:
1391:
1354:
1302:
1297:
1240:
1236:
1234:
486:Geographical
472:
450:
446:
427:
415:
399:
383:
374:
363:
348:
340:
302:
292:
263:
262:
212:Georgia Time
200:Armenia Time
5055:Isle of Man
4990:recognition
4964:Switzerland
4899:Netherlands
3702:|last=
3471:tz database
3439:(in Danish)
3310:24 December
3124:20 November
2353:Switzerland
2182:During his
2151:in winter,
2126:Decree time
2124:From 1930,
1979:Netherlands
1972:Netherlands
1838:tz database
1769:war economy
1753:World War I
1592:winter time
1484:time zone,
563:Netherlands
459:left the EU
256:Summer time
218:Samara Time
183:Turkey Time
177:Moscow Time
5080:Categories
4934:San Marino
4894:Montenegro
4874:Luxembourg
4854:Kazakhstan
4757:Azerbaijan
4474:2024-07-17
4296:3 November
4271:2015-10-07
4250:2014-03-30
4229:2011-03-12
4208:2010-06-25
4144:2024-03-23
3927:2008-11-15
3905:23 January
3879:23 January
3854:23 January
3816:2007-10-27
3791:2018-11-06
3731:2019-04-04
3727:(in Greek)
3685:2019-04-04
3681:(in Greek)
3659:2019-04-04
3591:11 January
3565:11 January
3443:2007-10-27
3403:25 October
3245:5 November
3220:3 February
2958:28 October
2929:24 October
2903:30 October
2646:Geads News
2628:References
2475:, observe
2349:Yugoslavia
2332:Västtrafik
2238:After the
2009:Stortinget
1962:San Marino
1836:. For the
1817:Zeitgesetz
1718:oil crisis
1639:See also:
1547:Yugoslavia
617:Luxembourg
370:directives
31:Light Blue
5045:Gibraltar
4869:Lithuania
4674:Overviews
4560:11 August
4499:15 August
4493:ITAR TASS
4372:Kyiv Post
4342:Kyiv Post
4319:Kyiv Post
4139:1101-2412
4115:(Swedish)
4001:4 January
3979:4 January
3899:oal.ul.pt
3514:cite news
2825:europa.eu
2591:Gibraltar
2542:UTC+01:00
2519:UTC+01:00
2503:UTC+00:00
2454:UTC+03:00
2415:UTC+03:00
2390:UTC+02:30
2304:UTC+02:00
2296:UTC+01:00
2288:UTC+00:00
2210:Letný čas
2165:UTC+04:00
2153:UTC+04:00
2149:UTC+03:00
2032:1957–1964
2029:1940–1949
2026:1916–1919
1896:UTC+00:00
1842:Unix time
1798:In 1978,
1741:UTC+02:00
1733:UTC+01:00
1725:UTC+00:00
1647:Greenland
1635:Greenland
1605:in 1993.
1576:became a
1494:UTC+02:00
1482:UTC+01:00
1478:time zone
1457:UTC+02:00
1453:UTC+03:00
1443:UTC+03:00
1429:UTC-01:00
1425:UTC+00:00
1423:observes
1415:UTC-02:00
1411:Greenland
1405:UTC+03:00
1381:UTC+05:00
1374:UTC+03:00
1364:UTC+02:00
1103:Lithuania
495:Proposed
442:UTC+03:00
438:UTC+02:00
434:UTC+02:00
430:UTC+01:00
195:Turquoise
5065:Svalbard
5050:Guernsey
4997:Abkhazia
4949:Slovenia
4944:Slovakia
4919:Portugal
4777:Bulgaria
4448:29 March
4422:10 March
4396:10 March
4070:19 March
4021:BBC News
3694:cite web
3331:Politico
3266:POLITICO
3214:Archived
3187:6 August
3164:BBC News
3101:BBC News
3063:16 March
3038:12 March
3000:ABC News
2897:BBC News
2876:POLITICO
2709:24 March
2527:Portugal
2525:used in
2501:(GMT), (
2260:Yugoslav
2256:Slovenia
2250:Slovenia
2206:Slovakia
2201:Slovakia
2049:Portugal
2047:Most of
2043:Portugal
1714:de facto
1580:part of
1578:de facto
1530:Bulgaria
1488:becomes
1157:Bulgaria
941:Slovenia
833:Slovakia
509:Portugal
409:and the
329:, 04:00
325:, 03:00
317:, 03:00
268:European
258:observed
4974:Ukraine
4924:Romania
4884:Moldova
4842:Ireland
4837:Iceland
4832:Hungary
4822:Germany
4817:Georgia
4807:Finland
4802:Estonia
4797:Denmark
4782:Croatia
4767:Belgium
4762:Belarus
4752:Austria
4747:Armenia
4742:Andorra
4737:Albania
3506:Reuters
3377:3 April
3371:AP News
3018:Público
2673:8 March
2620:change.
2517:(BST) (
2427:Ukraine
2421:Ukraine
2246:rules.
2117:of the
2103:Russian
2078:Romania
2067:Madeira
1942:Ireland
1919:Ireland
1907:Ireland
1892:Iceland
1887:Iceland
1878:Hungary
1834:Germany
1755:by the
1747:Germany
1682:Finland
1676:Estonia
1670:Estonia
1621:Denmark
1609:Denmark
1561:In the
1543:Croatia
1538:Croatia
1505:Austria
1500:Austria
1421:Iceland
1401:Belarus
1224:+03:00
1130:Romania
1049:Estonia
1035:+02:00
1022:Finland
968:Croatia
887:Hungary
860:Austria
806:Czechia
792:+02:00
765:+02:00
752:Germany
738:+01:00
725:Denmark
657:+02:00
590:Belgium
576:+01:00
536:Ireland
468:Ireland
345:History
313:(02:00
276:Belarus
272:Iceland
5060:Jersey
5002:Kosovo
4969:Turkey
4959:Sweden
4939:Serbia
4929:Russia
4914:Poland
4909:Norway
4889:Monaco
4859:Latvia
4827:Greece
4812:France
4787:Cyprus
4588:
4137:
3679:CNN.gr
3487:yle.fi
2954:. IATA
2925:. IANA
2580:Jersey
2473:Crimea
2383:Turkey
2371:Turkey
2316:Sweden
2310:Sweden
2286:Since
2169:Moscow
2145:Russia
2115:decree
2111:Russia
2087:Russia
2071:Azores
2018:Poland
2003:Norway
1859:Greece
1846:Zürich
1773:Berlin
1723:Since
1474:Summer
1449:Turkey
1439:Russia
1237:begins
1221:+03:00
1218:+02:00
1215:+02:00
1211:Cyprus
1208:
1194:+03:00
1191:+02:00
1188:+02:00
1184:Greece
1181:
1167:+03:00
1164:+02:00
1161:+02:00
1154:
1140:+03:00
1137:+02:00
1134:+02:00
1127:
1113:+03:00
1110:+02:00
1107:+02:00
1100:
1086:+03:00
1083:+02:00
1080:+02:00
1076:Latvia
1073:
1059:+03:00
1056:+02:00
1053:+02:00
1046:
1032:+03:00
1029:+02:00
1026:+02:00
1019:
1005:+02:00
1002:+01:00
999:+01:00
992:
978:+02:00
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