627:
was in Ramadi, the capital of the Anbar province. The sheikhs and officials were Sunni by sect, so they initially cooperated with AQI to counterbalance the Shiite government and the Shiite insurgents. But later, the terrorism which AQI promoted was not in line with the Sheik's interests. They then joined forces with the US troops in the area, the Iraqi Police and the
Provisional Army. They strengthened the city council and dubbed their movement the "awakening". The US and the Iraqi people later gained control of Fallujah and Ramadi. This movement was one of the shining symbols of counterinsurgency policy—rhetoric of the
279:
2410:
47:
221:
109:
101:
70:
2403:
576:
2417:
750:
an additional 3,000; however, the ministry hasn't specified the contract length or specific positions for the men to fill. Deborah D. Avant, director of international studies at the
University of California-Irvine, said there are ominous similarities between the awakening councils and armed groups in past conflicts that were used for short-term military gains but ended up being roadblocks for state building.
245:
2396:
897:
233:
258:
762:
government, the U.S. 'surge' strategy is at risk for failing, "even to the point of reverting back to pre-surge status". Subsequent results of the US-UK 2007 "Iraqi Surge" seem to have disproved
Mardini's speculation. Those Awakening Council demands include that Awakening fighters be incorporated into Iraq's security forces, having permanent positions and payrolls.
680:, now counts 41 tribes or sub-tribes from Anbar, though al-Rishawi acknowledges that some groups in the province have yet to join. It's unclear how many that is, or much support the movement really has. On September 13, 2007, al-Rishawi was killed along with two of his bodyguards by a roadside bomb near his home in Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq.
737:, the audit arm of the United States Congress, warned that the groups had still "not reconciled with the Iraqi government" and that the potential remained for further infiltration by insurgents. That report received wide criticism for its lack of factual data and its reliance upon "Green Zone" analysis.
749:
The Iraqi government pledged to absorb about a quarter of the men into the state military and security services, and to provide vocational training to the rest of the members of the
Awakening groups. The Iraqi Interior Ministry agreed to hire about 7,000 men on temporary contracts and planned to hire
598:
The
Awakening fighters in Iraq were credited by many independent analysts with reducing levels of violence in the areas in which they operated; however, the rapid growth of the groups, whose salaries were initially paid for completely by the US military, also led to concerns about allegations of some
745:
The Iraqi
Defense Ministry had planned to disband the Awakening groups so they do not become a separate military force. "We completely, absolutely reject the Awakening becoming a third military organization," Iraqi Defense Minister Abdul-Qadir al-Obaidi said. Al-Obaidi said the groups also would not
626:
Battalion under the command of LtCol Dale Alford in
November 2005, after being forcibly displaced from their traditional base in Al-Qa'im, and began receiving weapons and training. From August to December 2006, the Anbar Province of Iraq was occupied by Al Qaeda (AQI). Much of the stronghold of AQI
795:
By June 6, 2012, about 70,000 members of the group had been integrated into the Iraqi
Security Forces or given civilian jobs, with 30,000 continuing to maintain checkpoints and being paid a salary by the government of around $ 300 per month. On January 29, 2013, Iraqi Shia-appointed officials said
761:
announced that he will extend his ceasefire on his Jaysh al-Mahdi militia. But according to
Mardini, the uncertainty facing the Sunni tribal Awakening movement's status may cut that ceasefire short. Mardini suggests that if the movement's demands are not satisfied by Iraq's Shia-dominated central
729:
Al-Qaeda in Iraq condemned the groups for fighting insurgents and for standing by the "filthy crusaders". Some members of the awakening groups were reportedly former insurgents, and some awakening members have been killed by former awakening members in suicide bombings. Sheiks who worked with the
651:
In
October 2008, the Iraqi government took over from the American military the responsibility for paying 54,000 members of the Awakening councils. Many of the Awakening fighters put little trust in the Iraqi government to help employ them. "I consider the transfer an act of betrayal by the U.S.
384:
played on religious divides to consolidate his power. Maliki denounced the Sons of Iraq as a national threat, actively dismantling them and refusing to integrate them into Iraqi's security services. Sunnis formerly serving with the group were faced with options including becoming unemployed or
675:
Al-Rishawi founded the Anbar Salvation Council in September 2006 with dozens of Sunni tribes. Many of the new newly friendly leaders are believed to have at least tacitly supported the insurgency in the past, though al-Rishawi said he never did. His movement, also known as the
803:
On January 21, 2013, the Iraqi Shia-dominated government, announced the execution of 26 men convicted of "terrorism", including Adel Mashhadani, who was arrested in March 2009 and sentenced to death in November of that year for killing a young girl in a revenge attack.
672:-linked insurgents. Al-Rishawi, whose father and three brothers were killed by al-Qaida assassins, said insurgents were "killing innocent people, anyone suspected of opposing them. They brought us nothing but destruction and we finally said, enough is enough."
609:
In 2009, Iraqi Defense Ministry disbanded the Sunni Awakening groups so they would not become a separate military force. Later that year, some Awakening groups threatened to set the streets ablaze and "start a tribal war" after not doing well in elections.
643:
Despite warnings from some portions of United States intelligence community, Sheik Abdul Sattar Buzaigh al-Rishawi was assassinated along with two bodyguards, by a roadside bomb planted near his home in Ramadi, in September 2007. His brother,
688:
The groups were paid by the American military and the Iraqi government to lay down their arms against coalition forces, patrol neighborhoods, and to fight against other Sunni insurgents. The US military says the groups helped it target
844:
province. The drive-by shootings and point-blank assassinations were documented in an Islamic State video called "The Clanging of the Swords." Between 2009 and 2013, 1,345 Awakening members were killed. In one town,
792:'s military wing. His arrest sparked a two-day gunbattle between Awakening members and Shia-dominated government security forces. In November 2009 he was convicted and sentenced to death for murder and kidnapping.
2046:
796:
they would raise the salaries of Awakening Council fighters, the latest bid to appease Sunni anti-government rallies that erupted in December, 2012. Some 41,000 Awakening Council fighters are to receive 500,000
639:
address marked this as the ideal of counterinsurgency. The six points which Bush outlined were met; the people were united to save their city and the US forces gained support of both the officials and citizens.
769:
offered 3,000 of the 100,000 Sons of Iraq members jobs in Diyala Province in hopes that it would lead to information about militants in the area. Other members of the paramilitary were used in the
2371:
999:
2098:
618:
In 2005, the Albu Mahals, a tribe that smuggled foreign fighters and material across the Syria–Iraq border, was being forced out of their territory by the Al Salmani tribe allied with
606:
warned that the US-armed 'concerned local citizens' were an armed Sunni opposition in the making, and argued that such groups should be under the command of the Iraqi Army or police.
2133:
1956:
1160:
3142:
3147:
2505:
1804:
817:
2487:
2036:
2364:
2263:
1314:
2159:
1282:
706:
in the earlier phases of the war, elements of this group have since allied themselves with the U.S. to rid their country of foreign extremist composing mainly of
2692:
1505:
1220:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
1364:
2357:
283:
1982:
1397:
1867:
1097:
1003:
3132:
1129:
2226:
2188:
1739:
3137:
2495:
2288:
973:
448:, though the Iraqi Defense Ministry has said that it plans to disband the Awakening groups due to concerns about their origins and future intent.
3040:
2743:
1419:
2279:
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3157:
3107:
2123:
1260:
1065:
837:
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1948:
1771:
1579:
1198:
821:
1702:
370:
military officers that united in 2005 to maintain stability in their communities. A moderate group, they were initially sponsored by
3127:
2897:
753:
According to Ramzy Mardini, an Iraq expert at the Jamestown Foundation, "the rise of the Awakening councils may risk reigniting the
307:
2510:
1842:
1039:
813:
734:
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1677:
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661:
64:
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1819:
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1318:
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390:
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1495:
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445:
93:
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1225:
1877:
1107:
3122:
3117:
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2380:
1952:
746:
be allowed to have any infrastructure, such as a headquarters building, that would give them long-term legitimacy.
3162:
3014:
699:
writes the awakening groups caused al-Qaeda in Iraq to soften its tactics in an effort to regain public support.
1647:
3077:
3030:
2728:
2550:
2251:
2041:
2004:
1978:
1389:
840:
began a campaign of assassination of Sunni tribal leaders and the remnants of the Awakening movement in Iraq's
1442:
3072:
3025:
3004:
2935:
2892:
2782:
2637:
1137:
584:
31:
46:
3167:
2975:
2632:
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2216:
2184:
930:
3035:
2753:
2605:
2456:
1872:
1102:
76:
2008:
1891:
2298:
668:
leader in the Al-Anbar province leading a growing movement of Sunni tribesmen who have turned against
2869:
2738:
2682:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2221:
841:
785:
600:
599:
members' past activities fighting against coalition forces and concerns of infiltration by al-Qaeda.
588:
378:
352:
1729:
1427:
2806:
2718:
2518:
2259:
2202:
2164:
1707:
1613:
1557:
695:
363:
360:
346:
302:
2733:
2595:
2434:
2293:
2271:
2234:
2128:
1393:
1359:
1252:
636:
165:
140:
145:
135:
175:
150:
2996:
2964:
2687:
2600:
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2409:
1450:
1073:
882:
730:
awakening movement also frequently faced killings which originated from outside the movement.
723:
367:
170:
160:
2339:
1761:
3060:
2902:
2590:
2426:
2416:
1642:
1583:
1423:
1194:
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935:
711:
707:
690:
619:
575:
648:, took over as leader, but so far has been unable to unite the various awakening militias.
2967:
2930:
2846:
2647:
2574:
2540:
2535:
2500:
2444:
1823:
1734:
859:
833:
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455:
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381:
337:
322:
2325:
2986:
2856:
2797:
2662:
2384:
1168:
950:
878:
632:
444:), abbreviated SAA when referred to by the US Army. The council has become a model for
371:
108:
100:
69:
389:. This turn of event is considered a key factor in Iraqi failure to stabilize and its
3101:
3045:
2748:
2402:
2349:
1669:
1527:
1500:
703:
386:
287:
225:
220:
2197:
2879:
2667:
2461:
925:
920:
915:
910:
846:
2160:"Iraq Report: Anbar Awakening Spreads, Petraeus Connects Iran to Attacks in Iraq"
1922:
1021:
710:. It has been reported that they have received cars, guns, and ammunition by the
3082:
2709:
902:
797:
789:
1817:
17:
2560:
2449:
2439:
2320:
1066:"A bloody delusion: how Iraq war led to catastrophic aftermath in Middle East"
1016:
1014:
892:
812:
Several political parties formed out of the Awakening movements contested the
754:
1454:
1077:
3019:
2772:
2672:
2579:
1896:
1287:
1195:"Concerned Local Citizens Vastly Improve Security in Iraq's Diyala Province"
719:
155:
85:
788:". Adel al-Mashhadani was accused of being the Fadhil leader of the banned
1835:
776:
In March 2009, the leader of the Sunni tribal-based Awakening Movement in
431:
1923:"Uncertainty Facing Iraq's Awakening Movement Puts U.S. Strategy at Risk"
1673:
1603:
1601:
1531:
669:
297:
2912:
781:
2515:
General Command of the Armed Forces, Resistance and Liberation in Iraq
1384:
1382:
849:, south of Baghdad, 46 Awakening members were killed in 27 incidents.
784:, was arrested on allegations of murder, extortion and "violating the
1637:
777:
592:
437:
2763:
665:
574:
250:
2395:
623:
356:
263:
237:
232:
188:
2353:
2275:
2238:
1256:
1043:
652:
Army," said one Awakening member in response to the transfer.
1443:"Iraq disbands Sunni militia that helped defeat insurgents"
1420:"US buys 'concerned citizens' in Iraq, but at what price?"
566:"Former Sunni insurgents" – CFR Senior Fellow Steven Simon
1496:"Iraq's Sunni sheiks join Americans to fight insurgency"
286:, otherwise known as al-Qaeda in Iraq, which became the
1703:"Shift in Tactics Aims to Revive Struggling Insurgency"
579:
Iraqi police affiliated with the Sons of Iraq in Ramadi
1315:"The Role of the 'Sons of Iraq' in Improving Security"
436:). In Arabic the council is known as Sahawa Al Anbar (
2187:. Institute for the Study of War. February 21, 2008.
2037:"Iraq raises Sahwa militia pay to appease protesters"
536:
Awakening movements in Iraq are also referred to as:
1475:"Iraq Sunni group accuses tribes of poll incitement"
1130:"Program in Iraq against al-Qaida faces uncertainty"
595:
armed force across the country in less than a year.
401:
The Sons of Iraq were also known by numerous names:
2995:
2963:
2954:
2911:
2855:
2845:
2796:
2762:
2708:
2559:
2549:
2486:
2425:
2235:"Iraqi Awakening Council members kidnapped, killed"
2099:"Stopping an Awakening in Iraq before it can start"
2031:
2029:
1353:Rubin, Alissa J.; Damien Cave (December 23, 2007).
974:"Iraq executes 26 men, including anti-Qaeda leader"
293:
272:
211:
194:
184:
128:
118:
56:
39:
2506:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
2272:"Teen female bomber tricks, kills Iraqi CLC sheik"
1868:"Iraq pledges to disband Sunni volunteer militias"
1098:"Iraq pledges to disband Sunni volunteer militias"
106:Adel al-Mashhadani (killed in January 2014)
2980:Mujahideen Battalions of the Salafi Group of Iraq
2185:"Backgrounder: Sons of Iraq and Awakening Forces"
2066:
2064:
1762:"U.S. arming some Sunni groups to fight Al Qaeda"
1558:"Iraq's Sunni's Fear Life Without U.S. Oversight"
818:Iraq Awakening and Independents National Alliance
800:($ 415) a month, up from 300,000 dinars ($ 250).
351:'the awakening') were a coalition in the
1580:"Iraq: government takes command of Sons of Iraq"
1038:Harvey, Derek; Michael Pregent (June 12, 2014).
622:. The tribe proposed an alliance with the local
2124:"Sunni Sheik Who Backed U.S. in Iraq Is Killed"
1862:
1860:
1253:"Shiite Power Struggle Is Iraq's 'Last Battle'"
1355:"In a Force for Iraqi Calm, Seeds of Conflict"
1022:"Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights"
875:– former leader of the Anbar Salvation Council
2532:Popular Resistance for the Liberation of Iraq
2365:
2314:Murad Batal Al-shishani (November 19, 2008).
1797:"Group Claims Responsibility for Iraq Attack"
8:
3143:Non-military counterinsurgency organizations
1917:
1915:
1836:"Securing, Stabilizing, and Rebuilding Iraq"
1791:
1789:
1161:"Iraqi neighbours rise up against al-Qa'eda"
968:
966:
693:more precisely and avoid collateral damage.
27:Iraqi military group in Al Anbar (2005–2013)
3148:Non-military counterterrorist organizations
284:Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn
2960:
2852:
2556:
2372:
2358:
2350:
494:National Council for the Awakening of Iraq
452:National Council for the Salvation of Iraq
36:
2529:Political Media Organ of the Ba'ath Party
1040:"Opinion: Who's to blame for Iraq crisis"
2252:"10 tribal leaders aiding U.S. abducted"
2210:from the original on September 12, 2007.
1730:"Turning Iraq's Tribes Against Al-Qaeda"
1697:
1695:
1609:"Sunni Sheiks Join Fight Vs. Insurgency"
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
820:list won the largest number of seats in
555:"Critical Infrastructure Security" – CIS
2496:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
2217:"The Awakening, al Qaeda clash in Iraq"
2191:from the original on September 5, 2008.
1807:from the original on November 30, 2014.
1774:from the original on September 14, 2007
1538:from the original on September 18, 2008
1006:on January 24, 2011 – via Google.
962:
3041:Jamaat Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamaah
2744:Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance
2266:from the original on October 31, 2007.
2245:from the original on January 12, 2008.
2229:from the original on October 24, 2007.
2136:from the original on November 29, 2014
2009:"Iraq Sentences Sunni Leader to Death"
1650:from the original on September 6, 2008
1263:from the original on November 30, 2014
540:"Mercenaries" (Maliki aide, al-Qa'eda)
507:al-Majlis al-Waṭanī li-Ṣaḥwat al-ʻIrāq
465:al-Majlis al-Waṭanī li-Inqādh al-ʻIrāq
2983:Islamic Salafist Boy Scout Battalions
2196:Michael Totten (September 10, 2007).
2097:Ignatius, David (November 20, 2014).
2049:from the original on October 27, 2014
1959:from the original on October 28, 2014
1929:from the original on October 28, 2014
1680:from the original on October 21, 2007
1508:from the original on October 13, 2012
1390:"Iraq government to pay Sunni groups"
765:In August 2008, Iraqi Prime Minister
51:Flag of the Iraq Awakening Conference
7:
2287:Kilcullen, David (August 29, 2007).
2282:from the original on March 11, 2008.
2073:"How ISIS Spread in the Middle East"
1949:"Sons of Iraq join Diyala offensive"
1892:"Sunni fighters need political role"
1742:from the original on January 8, 2014
1504:. SignOnSanDiego. Associated Press.
1400:from the original on October 1, 2008
1979:"Awakening group in Baghdad battle"
1670:"Iraqi insurgents kill key US ally"
1528:"Iraqi insurgents kill key US ally"
1367:from the original on April 24, 2009
1221:"The 'Sons of Iraq' Keep the Peace"
522:
501:
480:
459:
428:
413:
341:
326:
2250:Amit R. Paley (October 29, 2007).
1426:. October 16, 2007. Archived from
1229:. February 5, 2008. Archived from
1002:. Associated Press. Archived from
832:Following the 2010 re-election of
543:U.S. military/Government of Iraq:
201:51,900 (estimated in January 2011)
25:
2898:Kataib Rouh Allah Issa Ibn Miriam
2215:Bill Roggio (December 17, 2007).
1985:from the original on June 5, 2011
1201:from the original on May 16, 2009
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2071:Ignatius, David (October 2015).
1843:Government Accountability Office
1638:"Meet Iraq's Most Important Man"
1283:"Sandstorms and suicide bombers"
1159:Colin Freeman (April 12, 2008).
895:
814:2009 Iraqi governorate elections
735:Government Accountability Office
546:"Concerned Local Citizens" – CLC
277:
256:
243:
231:
219:
107:
99:
94:Saad Ghaffoori (a.k.a. Abu Abed)
68:
45:
3138:Counterinsurgency organizations
873:Abdul Sattar Buzaigh al-Rishawi
662:Abdul Sattar Buzaigh al-Rishawi
446:awakening movements across Iraq
65:Abdul Sattar Buzaigh al-Rishawi
2865:Nineveh Plain Protection Units
1981:. Al Jazeera. March 29, 2009.
1582:. ABC News. AP. Archived from
1494:Todd Pitman (March 25, 2007).
1291:. July 1, 2008. Archived from
1197:. U.S. Department of Defense.
587:started among Sunni tribes in
1:
2875:Qaraqosh Protection Committee
2658:Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya
2478:Facilities Protection Service
2344:The Christian Science Monitor
1441:Chulov, Martin (2009-04-01).
1064:Chulov, Martin (2023-03-17).
808:Governorate elections in 2009
528:Ḥarakat al-Ṣaḥwah al-Sunnīyah
81:Sheikh Abdul-Jabbar Abu Risha
3133:Iraq–United States relations
2316:"Al-Qaeda 'awakens' in Iraq"
2289:"Anatomy of a Tribal Revolt"
1767:International Herald Tribune
1480:International Herald Tribune
1226:U.S. News & World Report
946:Iraq War troop surge of 2007
3158:Paramilitary forces of Iraq
3108:2005 establishments in Iraq
3066:Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
3056:Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah
3010:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan
2678:Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas
2653:Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces
2643:Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba
2570:Popular Mobilization Forces
941:Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)
527:
506:
485:
464:
460:المجلس الوطني لإنقاذ العراق
432:
377:After arriving into power,
3184:
2693:Islamic Resistance in Iraq
1636:Eli Lake (April 3, 2007).
757:". On February 22, 2008,
502:المجلس الوطني لصحوة العراق
486:Ḥarakat al-Inqādh al-Sunnī
98:Abu Azzam al Tamimi
29:
3015:Black Banner Organization
2698:Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada
2391:
44:
3128:Factions in the Iraq War
3078:Wakefulness and Holy War
3051:Mujahideen Shura Council
3031:Hassan Al-Basri Brigades
2926:Êzîdxan Protection Force
2778:Kurdistan Workers' Party
2729:1920 Revolution Brigades
2340:'Anbar model' under fire
1925:. Jamestown Foundation.
1822:October 7, 2008, at the
978:The Daily Star Newspaper
515:Sunni Awakening movement
473:Sunni Salvation movement
3073:Shield of Islam Brigade
3026:Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army
3005:Al-Mustafa Army in Iraq
2936:Sinjar Resistance Units
2893:Syriac Military Council
2827:Brigade of Imam Hussein
2783:Kurdistan Freedom Hawks
828:Islamic State reprisals
718:to counter the radical
421:Anbar Salvation Council
2628:Saraya Ansar al-Aqeeda
2198:"The Battle of Ramadi"
2132:. September 14, 2007.
1676:. September 13, 2007.
1534:. September 13, 2007.
931:Abdul Sattar Abu Risha
580:
433:majlis inqadh al-Anbār
77:Ali Hatem Ali Sulaiman
3036:Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna
2941:Êzîdxan Women's Units
2754:Harakat Ahrar al-Iraq
2606:Special Groups (Iraq)
2582:'s Mahdi Army faction
2457:Iraqi security forces
2007:(November 20, 2009).
1738:. December 26, 2006.
1430:on September 7, 2008.
1110:on September 11, 2012
881:– former governor of
862:was the head in 2007.
702:Fighting against the
591:in 2005 to become an
578:
552:"Very Worried Iraqis"
549:"Sons of Iraq" – SOIZ
374:and the US military.
204:30,000 (June 6, 2012)
67:(assassinated)
2870:Nineveh Plain Forces
2739:Islamic Army in Iraq
2638:Kata'ib Jund al-Imam
2616:Promised Day Brigade
2466:Iraqi Police Service
2328:on January 17, 2013.
2222:The Long War Journal
2045:. January 30, 2013.
867:Assassinated members
629:New Way surge policy
601:Iraqi Prime Minister
558:"Abna Al-Iraq" – AAI
379:Iraqi Prime Minister
90:Sheiks of Al-Bu Issa
30:For other uses, see
2807:Iraqi Turkmen Front
2719:Tribal Mobilization
2633:Kata'ib al-Imam Ali
2260:The Washington Post
2241:. January 8, 2008.
2203:Middle East Journal
2165:The Weekly Standard
1900:. December 23, 2007
1708:The Washington Post
1614:The Washington Post
1586:on October 28, 2014
1396:. October 3, 2008.
1325:on November 7, 2009
696:The Washington Post
303:2013 Hawija Clashes
185:Active regions
3153:Occupation of Iraq
2734:Jaish al-Rashideen
2663:Quwwat Sahl Ninawa
2596:Soldiers of Heaven
2435:Iraqi Armed Forces
2294:Small Wars Journal
2278:. March 11, 2008.
2129:The New York Times
2013:The New York Times
1955:. August 6, 2008.
1801:The New York Times
1360:The New York Times
637:State of the Union
581:
523:حركة الصحوة السنية
481:حركة الإنقاذ السني
429:مجلس إنقاذ الأنبار
391:2013–2017 Iraq war
366:as well as former
308:Insurgency in Iraq
120:Dates of operation
3123:Conflicts in 2007
3118:Conflicts in 2006
3113:Conflicts in 2005
3095:
3094:
3091:
3090:
2950:
2949:
2888:
2887:
2832:Sayyid al-Shuhada
2688:Liwa Ali al-Akbar
2683:Jaysh al-Mu'ammal
2621:Kata'ib Hezbollah
2611:Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
2601:Free Iraqi Forces
2586:Badr Organization
2472:Supporting Forces
2301:on March 16, 2008
1803:. June 26, 2008.
1770:. June 11, 2007.
883:al Anbar province
822:Anbar Governorate
724:Al-Anbar province
406:Anbar's Salvation
353:Al Anbar province
350:
315:
314:
16:(Redirected from
3175:
3163:Politics of Iraq
3061:Al-Qaeda in Iraq
2997:Salafi Jihadists
2961:
2921:Asayîşa Êzîdxanê
2853:
2788:Asayîşa Êzîdxanê
2724:Awakening groups
2591:Sheibani Network
2557:
2427:Iraqi government
2420:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2351:
2329:
2324:. Archived from
2310:
2308:
2306:
2297:. Archived from
2283:
2267:
2246:
2230:
2211:
2192:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2168:. Archived from
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1876:. Archived from
1864:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1840:
1832:
1826:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1643:The New York Sun
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1617:. March 25, 2007
1605:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1554:
1548:
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1524:
1518:
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1515:
1513:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1424:Associated Press
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1350:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1321:. Archived from
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1233:on April 8, 2008
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1175:on June 20, 2008
1171:. Archived from
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1136:. Archived from
1134:Associated Press
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1106:. Archived from
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1018:
1009:
1007:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
970:
936:Al-Qaeda in Iraq
905:
900:
899:
898:
708:al-Qaeda in Iraq
691:al-Qaeda in Iraq
635:outlined in his
620:al-Qaeda in Iraq
530:
524:
509:
503:
488:
482:
467:
461:
435:
430:
415:
372:General Petraeus
345:
343:
328:
294:Battles and wars
282:
281:
280:
262:
260:
259:
249:
247:
246:
236:
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224:
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121:
111:
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72:
49:
37:
21:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3087:
2991:
2987:Mohammad's Army
2976:Mujahideen Army
2946:
2931:Sinjar Alliance
2907:
2903:Babylon Brigade
2884:
2847:Assyrian/Syriac
2841:
2837:Bashir Regiment
2792:
2758:
2704:
2648:Saraya al-Jihad
2545:
2541:Free Iraqi Army
2536:Al-Abud Network
2526:Patriotic Front
2501:Fedayeen Saddam
2482:
2469:National Police
2445:Iraqi Air Force
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2387:
2378:
2336:
2313:
2304:
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2214:
2195:
2183:
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2173:
2158:
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2150:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2103:Washington Post
2096:
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2091:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1977:
1976:
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1962:
1960:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
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1920:
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1901:
1890:
1889:
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1866:
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1829:
1824:Wayback Machine
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1338:
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1313:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1295:on May 20, 2011
1281:
1280:
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1251:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1219:
1218:
1214:
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1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1140:on July 3, 2008
1128:
1127:
1123:
1113:
1111:
1096:
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1080:
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983:
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959:
901:
896:
894:
891:
869:
860:Ahmed Abu Risha
855:
834:Nouri al-Maliki
830:
810:
771:Diyala Campaign
767:Nouri Al-Maliki
759:Muqtada al-Sadr
743:
686:
678:Anbar Awakening
658:
646:Ahmed Abu Risha
616:
614:Anbar Awakening
604:Nouri al-Maliki
573:
563:"Sahwa" militia
417:Inqādh al-Anbār
399:
382:Nouri al-Maliki
368:Ba'athist Iraqi
278:
276:
268:
257:
255:
244:
242:
230:
218:
207:
180:
119:
114:
52:
40:Sunni Awakening
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Sunni Awakening
15:
12:
11:
5:
3181:
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2857:Nineveh Plains
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2385:Iraqi conflict
2379:
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2334:External links
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2247:
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2193:
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2153:External links
2151:
2148:
2147:
2115:
2089:
2060:
2042:The Daily Star
2025:
1996:
1970:
1940:
1911:
1883:
1880:on 2012-09-11.
1856:
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951:Saad Ghaffoori
948:
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879:Fasal al Gaood
876:
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847:Jurf al-Sakhar
829:
826:
809:
806:
755:Jaysh al-Mahdi
742:
739:
685:
682:
657:
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633:George W. Bush
615:
612:
589:Anbar Province
572:
569:
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364:tribal leaders
330:Abnāʼ al-ʻIrāq
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3168:War on terror
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3046:Islamic State
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2749:Hamas of Iraq
2747:
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2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
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2720:
2717:
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2710:Sunni Islamic
2707:
2699:
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2209:
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2199:
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2186:
2182:
2172:on 2015-09-20
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2140:September 14,
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2014:
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1997:
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1941:
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1873:The Statesman
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1778:September 13,
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1501:U-T San Diego
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2822:92nd Brigade
2817:52nd Brigade
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2668:Mukhtar Army
2561:Shia Islamic
2519:Popular Army
2462:Iraqi Police
2381:Armed groups
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2326:the original
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1070:The Guardian
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1049:December 26,
1047:. Retrieved
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1004:the original
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982:. Retrieved
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926:2008 in Iraq
921:2007 in Iraq
916:2006 in Iraq
911:2005 in Iraq
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786:Constitution
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385:joining the
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327:أبناء العراق
319:Sons of Iraq
318:
316:
3083:White Flags
2965:Nationalist
2053:October 27,
2005:John Leland
1989:October 25,
1963:October 27,
1933:October 27,
1904:October 27,
1845:. June 2008
1590:October 27,
1564:October 27,
1542:January 29,
1114:January 14,
903:Iraq portal
790:Baath Party
716:U.S. forces
397:Other names
166:Albu Dhiyab
141:Al-Jaghayfa
84:Sheikhs of
3102:Categories
2956:Insurgents
2575:Mahdi Army
2553:and others
2523:New Return
2488:Ba'athists
2450:Iraqi Navy
2440:Iraqi Army
2321:Asia Times
2176:2007-05-24
2108:29 October
2082:29 October
1560:. ABC News
1460:2018-09-15
1404:October 1,
1394:Al Jazeera
1083:2023-03-17
984:27 October
957:References
741:Disbanding
146:Al-Jabbour
136:Albu Risha
86:Al-Bu Nimr
3020:Abu Theeb
2812:16Brigade
2773:Peshmerga
2673:Hezbollah
2580:Abu Deraa
2305:March 16,
1897:USA Today
1714:March 16,
1455:0261-3077
1329:August 9,
1288:France 24
1267:August 6,
1237:March 16,
1205:August 9,
1078:0261-3077
980:. Lebanon
720:Islamists
704:Americans
334:al-Sahwah
273:Opponents
176:Albu Fraj
156:Albu Nimr
151:Albu Fahd
124:2005–2013
3022:'s group
2915:militias
2849:militias
2800:militias
2766:militias
2712:militias
2563:militias
2551:Militias
2280:Archived
2264:Archived
2243:Archived
2227:Archived
2208:Archived
2189:Archived
2134:Archived
2047:Archived
2018:July 15,
1983:Archived
1957:Archived
1927:Archived
1820:Archived
1805:Archived
1772:Archived
1740:Archived
1678:Archived
1674:BBC News
1648:Archived
1536:Archived
1532:BBC News
1506:Archived
1398:Archived
1365:Archived
1261:Archived
1199:Archived
889:See also
842:Al-Anbar
670:al-Qaida
656:Founding
585:movement
571:Overview
359:between
298:Iraq War
171:Albu Ali
161:Albu Isa
129:Group(s)
2968:Salafis
2798:Turkmen
2764:Kurdish
2511:Al-Awda
2383:in the
1849:July 3,
1746:June 2,
1654:May 10,
1621:May 10,
1299:July 3,
1179:July 3,
1144:July 3,
858:Sheikh
853:Members
782:Baghdad
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75:Sheikh
57:Leaders
2913:Yazidi
2256:SFGate
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816:. The
778:Fadhil
664:was a
660:Sheik
631:which
593:ad hoc
519:Arabic
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477:Arabic
456:Arabic
438:Arabic
425:Arabic
410:Arabic
342:الصحوة
338:Arabic
323:Arabic
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248:
212:Allies
63:Sheik
32:Sahwah
1839:(PDF)
1025:(PDF)
712:Iraqi
666:Sunni
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361:Sunni
332:) or
251:Syria
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2110:2015
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1991:2012
1965:2014
1935:2014
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1074:ISSN
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986:2014
733:The
714:and
624:USMC
583:The
357:Iraq
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317:The
264:Iran
238:Iraq
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