320:
172:, recognizing their religious origins but citing secular justifications that have resulted, most notably the provision of a day of rest for the general population. Meanwhile, various state courts have struck down the laws as either unenforceable or in violation of their states' constitutions. In response, state legislators have re-enacted certain Sunday laws to satisfy the rulings while allowing some of the other statutes to remain on the books with no intention to enforce them.
613:
689:
philosophers, moralists and statesmen of all nations, as on the necessity of periodical cessation from labor. One day in seven is the rule, founded in experience and sustained by science. ... The prohibition of secular business on Sunday is advocated on the ground that by it the general welfare is advanced, labor protected, and the moral and physical well-being of society promoted.
211:. Among the 70 laws passed by the assembly was a mandate requiring attendance by all colonists at both morning and afternoon worship services on Sundays. The laws adopted that year also included provisions addressing idleness, gambling, drunkenness, and excessive apparel. Similar laws aimed at keeping the Sabbath holy and regulating morals were soon adopted throughout the colonies.
666:, which required some Sunday closings, did not violate the Charter because it did not have a religious purpose. Nonetheless, as of today, virtually all provincial Sunday closing laws have ceased to exist. Some were struck down by provincial courts, but most were simply abrogated, often due to competitive reasons where out-of-province or foreign merchants were open.
46:
230:(1735–1826) used the phrase to describe numerous laws adopted by 17th-century Puritans that prohibited various activities on Sunday, recreational as well as commercial. Beyond that, Peters' book is regarded as an unreliable account of the laws and probably was written to satirize their puritanical nature.
824:
Regarding culture, the impact of vanishing blue laws could be larger. A study in New Mexico in 2006 found a sharp increase in drunken driving on
Sundays after that state dropped its Sunday ban on packaged alcohol sales. A broader study published by MIT and Notre Dame economists in 2008 found that the
709:
Many blue laws in the United States restrict the purchase of particular items on
Sundays. Some of these laws restrict the ability to buy cars, groceries, office supplies, and housewares among other things. Though most of these laws have been relaxed or repealed in most states, they are still enforced
252:
reform in 19th-century
America, calls for the enactment and enforcement of stricter Sunday laws developed. Numerous Americans were arrested for working, keeping an open shop, drinking alcohol, traveling, and engaging in recreational activities on Sundays. Erwin Fahlbusch and Geoffrey William Bromiley
984:
on June 4, 1875, the sixth clause stipulates: "The
Sabbath Day shall be kept holy in Tonga and no person shall practise his trade or profession or conduct any commercial undertaking on the Sabbath Day except according to law; and any agreement made or witnessed on that day shall be null and void and
495:, is mainly to ensure that church services remain undisturbed on Sundays and Christian holidays. It forbids public festivities on a Sunday before 13:00, as well as making noise that carries farther than 200 metres (220 yd), but activities that are unlikely to disturb church services are exempt.
457:
The legislation permits large shops (those with a relevant floor area in excess of 280 square metres; 3000 sq. ft.) to open for up to six hours on Sunday. Small shops, those with an area of below 280 square metres (3000 sq. ft.), are free to set their own Sunday trading times. Some large shops, such
239:
magazine editorial in 1961, the year the
Supreme Court heard four cases on the issue, the color blue came to be associated with colonial laws in opposition to the red emblem of British royalty. Other explanations have been offered. One of the most widely circulated is that early blue laws adopted in
244:
were printed on blue paper. However, no copies have been found that would support this claim and it is not deemed credible. A more plausible explanation, one that is gaining general acceptance, is that the laws adopted by
Puritans were aimed at enforcing morality and thus were "blue-nosed", though
825:
repeal of blue laws led to decreased church attendance, decreased donations to churches, and increased alcohol and drug use among religious individuals. These wide-ranging effects cannot easily be pinpointed to specific causes, but one of the latter study's authors, Daniel
Hungerman, suggested to
433:
Prior to 1994, trading laws forbade sale of certain products on a Sunday; the distinction between those that could and could not be sold was increasingly seen as arbitrary, and the laws were inadequately enforced and widely flouted. For example, some supermarkets would treat the relatively modest
1607:
However, an amendment was made that left is enforcement to the discretion of the provinces, so that it remained a dead letter in mostly French Quebec. A Catholic Sunday League was formed in 1923 to combat this laxity and promote sabbatarian restrictions in that province--especially against movie
852:
to challenge the constitutionality of
Pennsylvania's Sunday law. As in cases in other states, litigants pointed to the provisions of state constitutions protecting religious liberty and maintained that Sunday laws were a blatant violation. Though typically unsuccessful (most state supreme courts
688:
Its requirement is a cessation from labor. In its enactment, the legislature has given the sanction of law to a rule of conduct, which the entire civilized world recognizes as essential to the physical and moral well-being of society. Upon no subject is there such a concurrence of opinion, among
2305: (1961) "The present purpose and effect of most of our Sunday Closing Laws is to provide a uniform day of rest for all citizens; and the fact that this day is Sunday, a day of particular significance for the dominant Christian sects, does not bar the State from achieving its secular goals."
918:
declared that "the State seeks to set one day apart from all others as a day of rest, repose, recreation and tranquility--a day which all members of the family and community have the opportunity to spend and enjoy together, a day on which there exists relative quiet and disassociation from the
886:, the contemporary Maryland laws were intended to serve "to provide a uniform day of rest for all citizens" on a secular basis and to promote the secular values of "health, safety, recreation, and general well-being" through a common day of rest. That this day coincides with
465:
Some very large shops (e.g. department stores) open for longer than six hours on a Sunday by allowing customers in to browse 30 minutes prior to allowing them to make a purchase, since the six-hour restriction only applies to time during which the shop may make sales.
286:, freethinkers, and other groups began to organize opposition. Throughout the century, Sunday laws fueled church–state controversy, and as an issue that contributed to the emergence of modern American minority-rights politics. On the other hand, the more recent
793:
prohibit car dealerships from operating over consecutive weekend days. In some cases, these laws were created or retained with the support of those whom they affected, to allow them a day off each week without fear of their competitors still being open.
1644:
In 1922, inspired by a pastoral letter decrying the lax observance of Sunday as a day of rest, the Ligue du
Dimanche (Sunday League) formed. For fourteen years the League agitated for Sabbatarian legislation, particularly against
555:
to ban trading on
Sundays and state holidays. However, since 2018, the ruling government and the President of Poland has signed a law that restricts store trading from March 1, 2018, to the first and last Sunday of the month,
469:
Christmas Day and Easter Sunday are non-trading days. This applies even to garden centres, which earlier had been trading over Easter, but not to small shops (those with an area of below 280 square metres; 3000 sq. ft.).
2413:, March 22, 2006. Retrieved May 28, 2008. "A Texas judge has upheld an old law that requires car dealerships in the Lone Star state to close one day each weekend. They must now choose to open either Saturday or Sunday."
306:, while recognizing the partial religious origin of blue laws, acknowledged the "secular purpose they served by providing a benefit to workers at the same time that they enhanced labor productivity".
1670:- "To write the history of minorities and to understand the long tradition of minority-rights activism means rediscovering those in the past who found themselves in the minority and took action."
680:
In the United States, judges have defended blue laws "in terms of their secular benefit to workers", holding that "the laws were essential to social well-being". In 1896, Supreme Court Justice
853:
upheld the constitutionality of Sunday laws), these constitutional challenges helped set a pattern by which subsequent minorities would seek to protect religious freedom and minority rights.
1992:
1850:
296:
in 1998, advocates Sunday legislation in that it protects civil servants and workers; the North Dakota Catholic Conference in 2011 likewise maintained that blue laws, in accordance with the
1680:
653:
A Toronto referendum in 1950 allowed only team sports to be played professionally on Sunday. Theatre performances, movie screenings, and horse racing were not permitted until the 1960s.
1737:[Act Amending the Law on Retail Sales from Shops, etc. - Liberalization of the Rules on Opening Hours] (543, amendment) (in Danish). Danish Civil Protection Agency. May 26, 2010
706:
for on and off-premises sales in one form or another on Sundays at some restricted time, under the idea that people should be in church on Sunday morning, or at least not drinking.
890:
is not a bar to the state's secular goals; it neither reduces its effectiveness for secular purposes nor prevents adherents of other religions from observing their own holy days.
840:
Beginning in the mid-19th century, religious and ethno-cultural minorities arrested for violating state and local blue laws appealed their convictions to state supreme courts. In
2368:
2345:
2320:
2315:
2295:
2272:
2083:
898:
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420:(on New Year's Eve from 3 pm only). On these days almost all shops will remain closed. Exempt are bakeries, DIYs, garden centres, gas stations and smaller supermarkets.
879:
298:
1114:
484:
Prior to 1996, shops were generally closed on Sundays. A new law regarding opening times changed that and leaves that decision mostly up to local municipalities.
2518:
233:
While the historical roots of Sunday trade laws in the United States are generally known, the origin of the term "blue laws" remains a mystery. According to a
630:
Calgary police officers witnessed several transactions at the Big M Drug Mart, all of which occurred on a Sunday. Big M was charged with a violation of the
2503:
1451:
368:
the closing laws restricting retail trade on Sundays were effectively abolished on October 1, 2012. Retail trade is only restricted on public holidays (
1966:
2508:
1858:
1684:
1940:
919:
everyday intensity of commercial activities, a day on which people may visit friends and relatives who are not available during working days".
2491:
2462:
2448:
2434:
2190:
454:: on religious grounds, on the grounds that it would increase consumerism, and that it would reduce shop assistants' weekend leisure time.
302:, "ensure that, for reasons of economic productivity, citizens are not denied time for rest and divine worship". Similarly, Chief Justice
910:
774:
504:
319:
857:
2504:
Red, White, but Mostly Blue: The Validity of Modern Sunday Closing Laws Under the Establishment Clause - Vanderbilt Law Review (2007)
922:
In March 2006, Texas judges upheld the state blue law that requires car dealerships to close either Saturday or Sunday each weekend.
765:, car dealerships continue to operate under blue-law prohibitions in which an automobile may not be purchased or traded on a Sunday.
624:, which since 1906 had prohibited business transactions from taking place on Sundays, was declared unconstitutional in the 1985 case
2064:
1718:
1637:
1600:
1567:
1065:
1039:
882:. It approved the state's blue law restricting commercial activities on Sunday, noting that while such laws originated to encourage
169:
1083:
2549:
2154:
713:
In Texas, for example, blue laws prohibited selling housewares such as pots, pans, and washing machines on Sunday until 1985. In
658:
451:
262:
245:
the term "blue" may have been used in the vernacular of the times as a synonym for puritanism itself, in effect, overly strict.
1913:
1357:
1300:
1267:
2476:
1667:
675:
647:
184:
promulgated the first known law regarding prohibition of Sunday labour for apparent religion-associated reasons in A.D. 321:
2402:
2126:
525:
in public parks were tied up and padlocked to prevent their use. Similar laws formerly applied to cinemas, pubs and parks.
269:
in lobbying "to prevent secular and commercial interests from hampering freedom of worship and from exploiting workers".
2554:
208:
188:
On the venerable Day of the Sun let the magistrates and people residing in cities rest, and let all workshops be closed.
1480:
1993:"Allan Levine: Never mind Ford Nation. Hogtown has a long history of drunks, tyrants and loudmouths running City Hall"
1194:
778:
53:
571:
In 2019, the restriction was extended, and trading was permitted solely on the last Sunday of the month, as well as
1658:
626:
508:
278:
2104:
902:, the Court ruled against a Kosher deli that closed on Saturday but was open on Sunday. The other two cases were
514:
Shops with a floor area of over 280 square metres (3,000 sq ft) may only open from 1 to 6pm on Sundays.
30:
This article is about restriction of all activities on Sundays. For the specific topic of shopping on Sunday, see
2539:
1442:
1438:
1411:
944:
540:
227:
2213:
1330:
141:, and gambling. While less prevalent today, blue laws continue to be enforced in parts of the United States and
2544:
1146:
770:
254:
101:
Blue laws commonly ban certain business and recreational activities on Sundays, and impose restrictions on the
816:
Research regarding the effect of the repeal of blue laws has been conducted, with Professor Elesha Coffman of
1804:
2559:
1416:
782:
639:
443:
219:
38:
1303:
Two Guys from Harrison-Allentown, Inc., v. McGinley, District Attorney, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, Et Al.
389:
258:
1502:
2372:
2349:
2324:
2299:
2276:
2170:
2087:
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981:
681:
203:
The earliest laws in North America addressing Sunday activities and public behavior were enacted in the
181:
1829:
1970:
1873:
1557:
1242:
875:
871:
845:
283:
2057:
The Secular Revolution: Power, Interests, and Conflict in the Secularization of American Public Life
214:
The first known example of the phrase "blue laws" in print was in the March 3, 1755, edition of the
2267:
1278:
862:
646:
was ruled an infringement of the freedom of conscience and religion defined in section 2(a) of the
492:
447:
204:
130:
114:
1893:
2340:
2218:
1219:
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1004:
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703:
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165:
1735:
Lov om ændring af lov om detailsalg fra butikker m.v. - Liberalisering af reglerne om åbningstid
1592:
1585:
809:, for example, blue laws prohibit most retail stores, including grocery stores, from opening on
789:
restricts Sunday sales to only those counties with a population of less than 130,000. Texas and
591:
Sundays, the last Sunday of January, April, June and August as well as trading until 14.00 for
446:
relaxed restrictions on Sunday trading. This produced vocal opposition from bodies such as the
282:
in 1923 and promoted first-day Sabbatarian legislation. Beginning in the 1840s, workers, Jews,
2513:
2487:
2472:
2458:
2444:
2430:
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2038:
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887:
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369:
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194:
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2018:
1918:
1734:
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31:
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was but one of four Sunday closing cases decided together by the Court in May 1961. In
2146:
1969:. Canadian Legal Information Institute (CanLII.org). September 3, 2009. Archived from
831:
that blue laws might have been fulfilling their original intent, to keep people pious.
2528:
1622:
1118:
1014:
798:
583:
and Christmas Eve. From 2020, stores may only be open on seven Sundays in the year:
413:
385:
102:
79:
1777:
1405:
356:("shop closing law") on Sundays and public holidays have been in effect since 1956.
1878:
1361:
936:
810:
802:
758:
754:
612:
547:– these are both religious and secular days of rest. In 2014, an initiative by the
522:
266:
2399:
2013:
Raynault-Ollu, Louis-Philippe (2012). "Sunday Observance Laws in North America".
1140:
943:. In the Cook Islands, these were the first written legislation, enacted by the
915:
584:
572:
557:
459:
397:
377:
303:
288:
241:
218:, in which the writer imagines a future newspaper praising the revival of "our
110:
74:) are laws restricting or banning certain activities on specified days, usually
1382:
1009:
999:
977:
750:
405:
334:
Large supermarkets are allowed to be open for no more than 6 hours on Sundays.
106:
2030:
323:
A map of Europe providing an overview of Sunday shopping laws in each country
1335:
994:
974:
762:
738:
730:
401:
87:
2387:
638:
was unconstitutional, but the Crown proceeded to appeal all the way to the
117:. The laws also place limitations on a range of other endeavors, including
2105:"Alcohol Blue Laws (Laws Prohibiting Sunday Sales of Alcoholic Beverages)"
797:
Blue laws may also prohibit retail activity on days other than Sunday. In
17:
2022:
1898:
1246:
949:
867:
786:
766:
746:
742:
718:
714:
539:
Since 2007, blue laws were enacted and resulted in stores closing on the
83:
1681:"North Dakota Catholic Conference says 'Sunday law' Benefits All People"
45:
2410:
2150:
1941:"Poland's Sunday trading ban lifted ahead of Christmas due to pandemic"
722:
518:
393:
365:
249:
150:
146:
134:
126:
122:
95:
91:
2439:
Ruck, Rob; with Patterson, Maggie Jones and Weber, Michael P. (2010).
595:
and Christmas Eve. As a result of restrictions in connection with the
329:
Large supermarkets and shopping centers are generally open on Sundays.
1535:
588:
576:
561:
544:
381:
158:
154:
142:
118:
75:
1854:
953:(chiefs). Laws in Niue ban certain activities on Sunday, reflecting
966:
806:
734:
611:
462:, service stations and garages, are exempt from the restrictions.
318:
1040:"Where Pilgrims Landed, Thanksgiving Is Kept at Table, Not Mall"
940:
790:
726:
552:
253:
write that throughout their existence, organizations advocating
2171:"Title 17, §3204: Business, traveling or recreation on Sunday"
1358:"1619: Laws enacted by the First General Assembly of Virginia"
973:(1839) was a form of blue law inspired by the teachings of
599:, the 2nd Advent Sunday was later added as a shopping day.
1711:
Seduced by Science: How American Religion Has Lost Its Way
2509:
Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture – Blue Laws
1481:"The Long, Ambiguous History of Connecticut's Blue Laws"
769:
permits Sunday automobile sales only in the counties of
521:, public playgrounds were closed on Sundays until 1965.
2457:. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.
1243:"Sunday trading ban in Poland - Statistics & Facts"
434:
fines arising as a business cost and open nonetheless.
86:
reasons, specifically to promote the observance of the
1914:"Poland limits Sunday shopping to benefit family life"
161:, where most stores are required to close on Sundays.
2390:, National Sunday Law Crisis. Retrieved May 21, 2008.
2316:
Gallagher v. Crown Kosher Super Market of Mass., Inc.
2255:
Moral Minorities and the Making of American Democracy
1659:
Moral Minorities and the Making of American Democracy
1556:
Fahlbusch, Erwin; Bromiley, Geoffrey William (2005).
1474:
1472:
1195:"Is it time Germany opened up its stores on Sundays?"
899:
Gallagher v. Crown Kosher Super Market of Mass., Inc.
2455:
Religion and State in the American Jewish Experience
2127:"Gaffney churches seek to stop Sunday alcohol sales"
1587:
Traditional Festivals: A Multicultural Encyclopedia
1077:
1075:
339:
Large supermarkets are generally closed on Sundays.
2147:Good Question: Why Can't We Buy Alcohol On Sunday?
1851:"Belfast Children Allowed To Use Swings On Sunday"
1621:
1584:
1404:
935:Blue laws also exist in the Polynesian islands of
911:Two Guys from Harrison-Allentown, Inc. v. McGinley
880:First Amendment to the United States Constitution
505:no football was permitted to be played on Sundays
27:Legal restrictions designated for Sunday activity
276:, a Roman Catholic Sunday league, supported the
2469:Minorities and the Making of American Democracy
2453:Sarna, Jonathan D. and Dalin, David G. (1997).
2443:. Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press.
2059:. University of California Press. p. 319.
1704:
1702:
1683:. EWTN News. September 19, 2011. Archived from
1450:. New York, New York: D. Appleton and Company.
822:
686:
299:Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church
186:
2244:, 8 Pa. 312 (Penn. 1848)..
2207:
2205:
1331:"A quick overview of Pennsylvania's Blue Laws"
1108:
1106:
957:of observing the Christian Sabbath tradition.
8:
2103:Ph.D., David J. Hanson (February 19, 2014).
2050:
2048:
1562:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 787].
1084:"Once Strict 'Blue Laws' Have Largely Faded"
579:Sundays, as well as trading until 14.00 for
564:Sundays, as well as trading until 14.00 for
349:
248:As Protestant moral reformers organized the
1784:(in Dutch). Dutch government. April 1, 1994
2535:Political terminology of the United States
2400:"'Blue Law' for car sales upheld by Judge"
1038:Seelye, Katharine Q. (November 20, 2012),
684:, opined with regard to Sunday blue laws:
145:as well as in European countries, such as
2486:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
1479:Mahoney, Patrick J. (January 27, 2015).
1169:"What shops in Austria work on weekends"
551:party failed to pass the reading in the
265:in the British Isles, were supported by
44:
1532:"Why Are Blue Laws Called 'Blue Laws'?"
1030:
82:. The laws were adopted originally for
1757:"Trading hours for retailers: the law"
1057:
656:The Supreme Court later concluded, in
2471:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1662:. New York: Oxford University Press.
7:
1457:from the original on October 9, 2022
1425:participating institution membership
1113:Hudson, David L. Jr. (August 2009).
1082:Leff, David K. (February 25, 2015).
634:. A provincial court ruled that the
94:, but since then have come to serve
2365:Two Guys from Harrison vs. McGinley
1310:. Library of Congress. May 29, 1961
1193:Sullivan, Arthur (April 15, 2021).
642:. In a unanimous 6–0 decision, the
1967:"CanLII – 1985 CanLII 69 (S.C.C.)"
1530:Mikkelson, David (July 19, 2021).
870:'s blue laws violated neither the
858:Supreme Court of the United States
848:in Pennsylvania employed attorney
480:Sunday shopping § Netherlands
25:
2521:(Bloomington, Illinois newspaper)
1894:"Never on a Sunday? Not any more"
1803:Henry McDonald (September 2007).
947:in 1827, with the consent of the
2484:A Century of Philadelphia Sports
1559:The Encyclopedia of Christianity
884:attendance at Christian churches
844:(Pa. 1848), for example, German
659:R. v. Edwards Books and Art Ltd.
2429:. Philadelphia: Da Capo Press.
2257:(Oxford, 2014), 59-68, 190-201.
1241:Sas, Adriana (April 25, 2021).
980:. With the inauguration of the
662:(2 S.C.R. 713), that Ontario's
2199:. Retrieved November 25, 2006.
1656:Compare: Kyle G. Volk (2014),
1444:General History of Connecticut
676:Blue laws in the United States
648:Charter of Rights and Freedoms
224:General History of Connecticut
1:
1872:Ross, Nick (March 25, 1999).
1830:"Seasonal and Sunday Trading"
1805:"New bid for Sunday football"
1329:Bunn, Rachel (May 22, 2019).
1064:: CS1 maint: date and year (
702:Many states prohibit selling
535:Sunday shopping § Poland
452:Lord's Day Observance Society
263:Lord's Day Observance Society
616:Sunday laws in Ontario, 1911
209:General Assembly of Virginia
2514:The Massachusetts Blue Laws
2157:September 29, 2007, at the
1620:Rybczyński, Witold (1991).
860:held in its landmark case,
664:Retail Business Holiday Act
507:by clubs affiliated to the
2576:
1713:. NYU Press. p. 106.
1628:. Viking Penguin. p.
1270:McGowan Et Al. v. Maryland
673:
627:R. v. Big M Drug Mart Ltd.
532:
509:Irish Football Association
477:
164:In the United States, the
36:
29:
2055:Smith, Christian (2003).
2015:SSRN Working Paper Series
1709:Goldberg, Steven (2000).
1412:Oxford English Dictionary
1220:"Opening Hours in Norway"
1167:Яна (December 20, 2018).
945:London Missionary Society
491:("Sunday law"), a law on
261:in North America and the
2212:Coffman, Elesha (2009).
2191:"A turkey of a blue law"
1483:. Connecticut Humanities
1147:University of California
1139:Myers, Gustavus (1921).
255:first-day Sabbatarianism
168:has upheld blue laws as
2550:Sabbath in Christianity
2482:Westcott, Rich (2001).
2441:Rooney: A Sporting Life
2425:Algeo, Matthew (2006).
1624:Waiting for the Weekend
1583:Roy, Christian (2005).
1439:Peters, The Rev. Samuel
1417:Oxford University Press
1119:Freedom Forum Institute
640:Supreme Court of Canada
444:Sunday Trading Act 1994
39:Blue Laws (Connecticut)
2467:Volk, Kyle G. (2014).
2241:Specht v. Commonwealth
1874:"The banned played on"
1503:"The Law: Blue Sunday"
842:Specht v. Commonwealth
833:
710:in some other states.
700:
617:
350:
340:
201:
56:
2519:Blue Law - Pantagraph
2405:May 31, 2008, at the
2214:"Bye-Bye, Blue Laws?"
2153:, November 20, 2006
2080:Hennington v. Georgia
985:of no legal effect."
955:the country's history
931:Cook Islands and Niue
697:, 163 U.S. 299 (1896)
695:Hennington v. Georgia
682:Stephen Johnson Field
615:
511:in Northern Ireland.
322:
207:in 1619 by the first
48:
2023:10.2139/ssrn.2260582
1591:. ABC-CLIO. p.
876:Establishment Clause
872:Free Exercise Clause
846:Seventh Day Baptists
568:and Christmas Eve.
310:Laws by jurisdiction
284:Seventh Day Baptists
222:". In his 1781 book
198:, lib. 3, tit. 12, 3
2555:Social conservatism
2268:McGowan v. Maryland
1861:on August 15, 2015.
1415:(Online ed.).
1279:Library of Congress
982:Tongan Constitution
863:McGowan v. Maryland
493:Sabbath desecration
448:Keep Sunday Special
259:Lord's Day Alliance
131:professional sports
115:alcoholic beverages
72:Sunday closing laws
2427:Last Team Standing
2388:The LANDMARK Cases
2341:Braunfeld v. Brown
2219:Christianity Today
1947:. December 4, 2020
1687:on August 15, 2017
1142:Ye Olden Blue Laws
1045:The New York Times
1005:Neo-prohibitionism
905:Braunfeld v. Brown
828:Christianity Today
618:
587:, the 3rd and 4th
575:, the 3rd and 4th
560:, the 3rd and 4th
450:campaign, and the
352:Ladenschlussgesetz
341:
180:The Roman Emperor
135:stage performances
98:purposes as well.
57:
54:Alexander Johnston
2492:978-1-56639-861-9
2463:978-0-2680-1654-8
2449:978-0-8032-2283-0
2435:978-0-306-81472-3
2125:Montgomery, Bob.
1945:Notes from Poland
1423:(Subscription or
1385:. U-S-History.com
888:Christian Sabbath
818:Baylor University
597:COVID-19 pandemic
541:13 state holidays
424:England and Wales
388:, Day of Prayer,
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2420:Bibliography
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2378: (1961).
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2355: (1961).
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2314:
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2240:
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
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2174:. Retrieved
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2130:. Retrieved
2120:
2108:. Retrieved
2098:
2093: (1896).
2079:
2075:
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2014:
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1987:
1975:. Retrieved
1971:the original
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1944:
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1917:
1908:
1897:
1888:
1879:The Guardian
1877:
1867:
1859:the original
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1809:The Guardian
1808:
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
1781:
1778:"Zondagswet"
1772:
1760:. Retrieved
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1729:
1710:
1689:. Retrieved
1685:the original
1675:
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1643:
1623:
1615:
1606:
1586:
1578:
1558:
1551:
1541:December 29,
1539:. Retrieved
1525:
1515:December 29,
1513:. Retrieved
1506:
1497:
1487:December 29,
1485:. Retrieved
1461:December 29,
1459:. Retrieved
1443:
1433:
1410:
1399:
1389:December 29,
1387:. Retrieved
1377:
1367:December 29,
1365:. Retrieved
1362:Liberty Fund
1352:
1342:December 29,
1340:. Retrieved
1334:
1324:
1314:December 29,
1312:. Retrieved
1302:
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1285:December 29,
1283:. Retrieved
1269:
1262:
1252:December 29,
1250:. Retrieved
1236:
1226:December 29,
1224:. Retrieved
1214:
1204:December 29,
1202:. Retrieved
1188:
1178:December 29,
1176:. Retrieved
1172:
1162:
1152:December 29,
1150:. Retrieved
1141:
1134:
1124:December 21,
1122:. Retrieved
1095:December 29,
1093:. Retrieved
1087:
1051:December 29,
1049:, retrieved
1043:
1033:
978:missionaries
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937:Cook Islands
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803:Rhode Island
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755:North Dakota
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2176:January 27,
1998:February 2,
1925:January 30,
1814:January 27,
1762:January 27,
1383:"Blue Laws"
1115:"Blue Laws"
971:Vavaʻu Code
916:Earl Warren
836:Court cases
585:Palm Sunday
573:Palm Sunday
558:Palm Sunday
474:Netherlands
429:Before 1994
398:Whit Monday
394:Whit Sunday
378:Good Friday
304:Earl Warren
289:Dies Domini
242:Connecticut
182:Constantine
111:consumables
103:retail sale
64:Sunday laws
50:Sabbath Eve
2529:Categories
2477:019937192X
1951:January 2,
1668:019937192X
1427:required.)
1406:"blue law"
1026:References
1010:Raines law
1000:Dry county
779:Montgomery
751:New Jersey
533:See also:
489:Zondagswet
478:See also:
438:Since 1994
406:Boxing Day
107:hard goods
37:See also:
18:Sunday Law
2031:1556-5068
1835:March 10,
1782:Wetten.nl
1608:theaters.
1336:Penn Live
995:Desuetude
975:Methodist
820:writing:
763:Wisconsin
739:Minnesota
731:Louisiana
408:) and on
88:Christian
84:religious
60:Blue laws
2403:Archived
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