786:(one of the generals of Sundiata) after Sundiata sent his men to buy horses in Jolof. It is reported that, when Sundiata sent his men to Jolof to buy horses in a caravan loaded with gold, the king of Jolof took all the gold and horses – known among some as "the robbery of the horses". In a revenge attack, Sundiata sent his general to Jolof to assassinate the king. It is believed that, it was probably this king of Jolof (known as Mansa Jolofing or Jolofing Mansa) who sided with Soumaoro at The Battle of Kirina and possibly belongs to the Ngom Dynasty of Jolof, the predecessors of the Diaw and Ndiaye Dynasties of Jolof. At present, little is known about the Ngom Dynasty of Jolof.
1245:
758:) whose son (Soumaoro) went on to succeed him and launched an offensive against the Mandinkas. Delafosse's original work has been refuted and discarded by many scholars including Monteil, Cornevin, etc. There was no Diara Kanté in the oral sources. That was an addition by Delafosee which was contrary to the original sources. The consensus is, in c. 1235, Sundiata who had survived one of Soumaoro's earlier raids went to war with the help of his allies against King Soumaoro of Sosso. Although a valiant warrior, Soumaoro was defeated at
1203:
408:, so-called because of her ugliness and hunchback). Sundiata was crippled from childhood and his mother (Sogolon) was the subject of ridicule among her co-wives. She was constantly teased and ridiculed openly for her son's disability. This significantly affected Sundiata and he was determined to do everything he possibly could in order to walk like his peers. Through this determination, he one day miraculously got up and walked. Among his peers, he became a leader. His paternal half-brother,
862:. Claims such as these are referred to by scholars like G. Wesley Johnson as nothing more than "Islamic legitimacy" - in African countries where Islam is now the predominant religion such as Senegal, and where Muslim griots try to link historical African figures to Muhammad either through a line of descent or by claiming that the ancestor of the historical figure belonged to Muhammad's tribe or was one of his followers (an attempt to distance them from their
1217:
1273:
1259:
839:, claimed that Mansa Musa's grandfather was named Sariq Jata and had converted to Islam. This may be a reference to Sundiata, though if so Ibn Battuta was apparently mistaken about the genealogy, as Musa's grandfather was Sundiata's brother Mande Bory. Other medieval Arabic sources claim that a ruler before Sundiata named Barmandana was the first ruler of Mali to convert to Islam.
1189:
876:
1231:
416:, were cruel and resentful of Sundiata and his mother. Their cruelty escalated after the death of Naré Maghann (the king and father of Sundiata). To escape persecution and threats on her son's life, Sogolon took her children, Sundiata and his sisters, into exile. This exile lasted for many years and took them to different countries within the
353:
921:. Assisted by his generals, Tiramakhan being one of the most prominent, he went on to conquer other states. The lands of the old Ghana Empire were conquered. The king of Jolof was defeated by Tiramakhan and his kingdom reduced to a vassal state. After defeating the former ally of Soumaoro, Tiramakhan ventured deep into present-day
774:(a four-string guitar used by the hunters and griots). After his victory at Kirina, Sundiata took control of the former conquered states of the Sosso and appropriated privileges among those who participated in the defeat of Soumaoro. The former allies of Soumaoro were also later defeated, in particular the king of
1108:
Sundiata Keita was not merely a conqueror who was able to rule over a large empire with different tribes and languages, but also developed Mali's mechanisms for agriculture, and is reported to have introduced cotton and weaving in Mali. Towards the end of his reign, "absolute security" is reported to
486:
does not give us dates, but Arab and North
African writers who visited the area about a century after the epic's events documented on paper some of the information, including dates and a genealogy. Conversely, the written sources left out other pieces of information that the oral tradition includes.
432:
conquered the
Mandinka people, messengers were sent to go and look for Sogolon and her children, as Sundiata was destined to be a great leader according to prophecy. Upon finding him in Mema, they persuaded him to come back in order to liberate the Mandinkas and their homeland. On his return, he was
2138:
Delafosse merely linked different legends (i.e. the
Tautain story etc.) and prescribed Diara Kanté (1180) as the father of Soumaoro, in order to link the Sossos to the Diarisso Dynasty of Kaniaga (Jarisso). He also failed to give sources as to how he arrived to that conclusion and the genealogy he
1517:
The years of
Sundiata Keita's birth and death are estimates based on the epic and the historical events surrounding that period, as well as other scholarly works based on Arab and North African writings. Scholars such as Snodgrass gave a date range of 1217–1255. See Snodgrass (2009), p.
1596:
674:. Both points of contention agree that Keita is not a real surname, but rather a royal name, in spite of the fact that Sundiata is referred to as Sundiata Keita in many scholarly works. At present, there is no consensus among the scholars regarding the name
977:
was in charge of checking the Mansa's power, enforcing his edicts among their people, and selecting the successor (usually the Mansa's son, brother or sister's son). The Empire flourished from the 13th to the late 14th century but began to decline as some
1094:"By unifying the military force of 12 states, Sundiata becomes an emperor known as the Lion King of Mali, who controls tribes from the Niger River west to the Atlantic Ocean. Walt Disney Studios reprised the story of Sundiata in 1994 as an animated film,
1085:, although not written and even subject to alterations in retelling and when they were first recorded in written form, they were part of the social and political norms of Mali. Many of these laws have been incorporated into the constitution of modern-day
1072:
It was during his reign that Mali first began to become an economic power, a trend continued by his successors and improved on thanks to the ground work set by
Sundiata, who controlled the region's trade routes and gold fields. The social and political
1747:
1560:
1056:
A strong army was a major contributor to the success of
Imperial Mali during the reign of Mansa Sundiata Keita. Credit to Mali's conquests cannot all be attributed to Sundiata Keita but equally shared among his generals, and in this,
3377:
1986:
2764:
866:
past). Although
Sundiata was not a Muslim, it is clear that the original epic of Sundiata was later affected by what Ralph Austen calls "Islamicate" culture—that is, the integration of Islamic and Arab culture.
1859:
1777:
994:. Not only are there different versions, mainly modern, but Mandinka tradition forbids disclosing the burial ground of their great kings. According to some, he died of drowning while trying to cross the
2415:. African and Afro-American Studies and Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Published by African and Afro-American Studies and Research Center, University of Texas (at Austin) (2006). p.8.
424:, where the king of Mema granted them asylum. Sundiata was admired by the King of Mema for his courage and tenacity. As such, he was given a senior position within the kingdom. When King
1847:
as 'God,' 'the divine principle' or 'priest king,' although they never argue the choice for this translation, which has an enormous impact on their analysis of the
Kamabolon ceremony."
1803:
1878:
300:(1332–1406) both having travelled to Mali in the century after Sundiata's death, and providing independent verification of his existence. The semi-historical but legendary
2695:
1682:
965:) of Mali, Sundiata was not an absolute monarch despite what the title implies. Though he probably wielded popular authority, the Mali Empire was reportedly run like a
696:
3439:
3111:
Bulman, Stephen (2004), "A school for epic? The école
William Ponty and the evolution of the Sunjata epic, 1913-c. 1960", in Jansen, Jan; Mair, Henk M. J. (eds.),
2098:
1908:, Paris 1929, p. 612. There, the author brings down the French word "roi" (English: king), and brings its Mandingo equivalent, mã-nsa, mã-sa, mā-sa, ma-nsa-kye.
3323:
2632:
2055:
827:, there is nothing in the original epos that supports the claim. Sundiata is regarded as a great hunter and magician whose subjects predominantly adhered to
2139:
created. Monteil describes his work as "unacceptable". The
African Studies Association describe it as "...too creative to be useful to historians". See:
1002:, he was "accidentally killed by an arrow during a ceremony." Others have maintained that he was assassinated at a public demonstration, also known as a
2530:
1124:
but in many parts of the World. Some scholars such as Ellen Snodgrass and others have observed similarities with the 13th-century Epic of Sundiata to
3782:
1645:
1377:
NIANE, Djibril Tamsir. “Histoire et Tradition Historique Du Manding.” Présence Africaine, no. 89, Présence Africaine Editions, 1974, pp. 59–74,
2123:
588:
are merely regional variations, from Gambia, Guinea or Mali, for instance. Sundiata's name is thus a derivation of his mother's name Sogolon (
1890:
1763:
2300:, Unesco. International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa, p. 133, University of California Press, 1984,
2943:
McGuire, James R. 1999. Butchering Heroism?: Sunjata and the Negotiation of Postcolonial Mande Identity in Diabate's Le Boucher de Kouta.
846:
later added to the epic of Sundiata by claiming that Sundiata has "an ancestral origin among the companions of Muhammad in Mecca" (namely,
3322:
Waliński, Grzegorz (1991), "The image of the ruler as presented in the tradition about Sunjata", in Piłaszewicz, S.; Rzewuski, E. (eds.),
806:
horses and sent him a skin, saying that he should make shoes out of it since he was neither a hunter nor a king worthy to mount a horse."
437:
of Mali at the time who were his age group included: Tabon Wana, Kamadia Kamara (or Kamadia Camara), Faony Condé, Siara Kuman Konaté and
3432:
1250:
690:
289:, who is usually regarded as the wealthiest person of all time, although there are no reliable ways to accurately calculate his wealth.
3722:
3325:
Unwritten Testimonies of the African Past. Proceedings of the International Symposium held in Ojrzanów n. Warsaw on 07-08 November 1989
2804:
1155:
3792:
3382:
1177:
includes Sundiata Keita as an alternate leader for the Malian civilization in the "Rulers of the Sahara" Pack of the New Leader Pass.
969:
with each tribe having a chief representative at the court. The first tribes were Mandinka clans of Traore, Kamara, Koroma, Konde (or
949:) and annexed his state. The great Kikikor was killed and his kingdom was renamed Kaabu. Sundiata was responsible for the conquest of
1774:
1744:
1483:
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3237:
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3178:
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2889:
2740:
2707:
2659:
2459:
2432:
2352:
2340:
2305:
2278:
2257:
2236:
2019:
1875:
1789:
1732:
1694:
1629:
1470:
1440:
1416:
1365:
1344:
1244:
2915:
Austen, Ralph A. "The Historical Transformation of Genres: Sunjata as Panegyric, Folktale, Epic, and Novel." Ralph A Austen (ed.),
2936:
Johnson, John William. "The dichotomy of power and authority in Mande society and in the epic of Sunjata." Ralph A Austen (ed.),
982:
threw away the yoke of Mali and regained their independence. Some of these former vassals went on to form empires of their own.
449:(var: Sibi) where they formed a pact brotherhood in order to liberate their country and people from the powerful Sosso king. At
2830:
2688:
2184:
3304:
Tsaaior, James Tar (2010), "Webbed Words: masked meanings: proverbiality and narrative/discursive strategies in D. T. Niane's
2725:
The Negroland of the Arabs Examined and Explained (1841): Or an Enquiry Into the Early History and Geography of Central Africa
990:
The generally accepted death year of Mansa Sundiata Keita is c. 1255. However, there is very little information regarding his
3425:
1675:
3132:
Conrad, David C. (1984), "Oral sources on links between great states: Sumanguru, Servile Lineage, the Jariso, and Kaniaga",
2729:
1978:
1656:
835:
being one of the most widely known. The explorer Ibn Battuta, who visited Mali during the reign of Sundiata's great-nephew
3797:
3228:
Janson, Marloes (2004), "The narration of the Sunjata epic as gendered activity", in Jansen, Jan; Mair, Henk M.J. (eds.),
2756:
2412:
1885:, 5th edition, by Carol Berkin, Christopher Miller, Robert Cherny, James Gormly & Douglas Egerton, Boston 2011, p. 13
1164:
863:
2854:
3802:
2087:
828:
763:
224:
2408:
1856:
1707:
3332:
2625:
2048:
1936:
1462:
1408:
1381:
2922:
Belcher, Stephen. Sinimogo, 'Man for tomorrow': Sunjata on the fringes of the Mande world. .Ralph A Austen (ed.),
2719:
3644:
695:
643:
393:
203:
83:
3787:
3399:
1727:(eds David C. Conrad, Djanka Tassey Condé, trans. David C. Conrad), pp. ix, x, xxvi, Hackett Publishing, 2004,
1291:
2522:
1125:
2847:"Trey McElveen, Mrs. Rohlfs, "Hamlet and The Lion King: Shakespearean Influences on Modern Entertainment",
1561:"Échos d'Arabie. Le Pèlerinage à La Mecque de Mansa Musa (724–725/1324–1325) d'après des Nouvelles Sources"
2824:
2509:
3274:
Newton, Robert C. 2006. Of Dangerous Energy and Transformations: Nyamakalaya and the Sunjata Phenomenon.
380:
The oral traditions relating to Sundiata Keita were passed down generation after generation by the local
3523:
1306:
2929:
Camara, Seydou. "The epic of Sunjata: structure, preservation and transmission." Ralph A Austen (ed.),
2014:(eds David C. Conrad, Djanka Tassey Condé, trans. David C. Conrad), p. xxxv, Hackett Publishing, 2004,
1069:, Sundiata stood out as a great leader who was able to command the loyalties of his generals and army.
3777:
3772:
3746:
3700:
2881:
2363:
2293:
1642:
820:
789:
1433:
The Spread of Islam in West Africa: colonization, globalization, and the emergence of fundamentalism
642:
where the Mandinkas make up the largest ethnic group). It is proposed that Sundiata Keita's father,
2224:
2116:
1843:
is generally translated as 'king,' 'ruler' or 'ancestor.' The Griaulians, however, often translate
1139:
859:
3624:
2397:
The emergence of Black politics in Senegal: the struggle for power in the four communes, 1900-1920
369:
3157:
3149:
3099:
3091:
3023:
3015:
2976:
2968:
1961:
1953:
1830:
1588:
1301:
3649:
3059:
Wilks, Ivor. "The History of the Sunjata Epic: A Review of the Evidence." Ralph A Austen (ed.),
413:
3729:
3664:
3659:
3568:
3558:
3348:
3261:
3233:
3215:
3193:
3174:
3118:
3039:
2895:
2885:
2736:
2703:
2655:
2455:
2428:
2348:
2336:
2301:
2296:, Unesco. International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa,
2274:
2253:
2232:
2177:
2044:
2015:
1901:
1886:
1785:
1759:
1728:
1690:
1625:
1580:
1466:
1436:
1412:
1361:
1340:
1058:
999:
783:
747:
723:
719:
623:
521:
476:
438:
425:
365:
240:
213:
148:
101:
3112:
950:
946:
3680:
3654:
3634:
3591:
3548:
3513:
3483:
3141:
3083:
3005:
2997:
2960:
2801:
2447:
1945:
1931:
1820:
1812:
1572:
1113:
1066:
1019:
1003:
836:
759:
686:
450:
401:
361:
347:
302:
244:
153:
72:
3359:(Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 2003), Issiaka Diakite-Kaba's French-English
3331:, Orientalia Varsoviensia 2, Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, archived from
1487:
3685:
3629:
3538:
3528:
3478:
2951:
Conrad, David C. (1992), "Searching for History in the Sunjata Epic: The Case of Fakoli",
2834:
2808:
2733:
2699:
2636:
2500:
2127:
2102:
2059:
1882:
1863:
1781:
1751:
1686:
1660:
1649:
1385:
1296:
1222:
1173:
1082:
1065:
of Sundiata's Imperial Mali. However, in a wider perspective of 13th century West African
1051:
1007:
995:
847:
409:
373:
307:
87:
1077:
of Mali were first being codified during the reign of Mansa Sundiata Keita. Known as the
1216:
662:. Although in some West African societies a clan can be similar to the family name (see
3690:
3498:
3230:
Epic Adventures: Heroic Narrative in the Oral Performance Traditions of Four Continents
3114:
Epic Adventures: Heroic Narrative in the Oral Performance Traditions of Four Continents
2156:
Monteil, Charles, "La légende officielle de Soundiata, fondateur de l'empire manding",
1286:
1264:
1236:
991:
884:
331:
315:
252:
3766:
3518:
3468:
3448:
3409:
3283:
3255:
3161:
3103:
3027:
2980:
2181:
Haut-Sénégal-Niger: Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues; l'Histoire; les Civilizations.
1965:
1592:
1278:
1208:
1134:
1031:
1027:
958:
942:
930:
708:
619:
605:
463:
193:
161:
109:
68:
2828:
2677:
Haut-Sénégal-Niger: Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues; l'Histoire; les Civilizations
2167:(Paris, 1962), 347-48 (ref. to Delafosse in Haut-Sénégal-Niger vol. 1, pp. 256-257).
782:
king of Jolof, involved in the occult (just as Soumaoro), who was later defeated by
3695:
3488:
3473:
2947:, ed. by Ralph Austen, pp. 253–274. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
1400:
1311:
1150:
1074:
979:
851:
824:
779:
775:
743:
735:
727:
429:
417:
2924:
In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Oral Epic as History, Literature, and Performance
2917:
In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Oral Epic as History, Literature, and Performance
2802:
Ronica Roth, "Mali's Boy-King: A Thirteenth-Century African Epic Becomes Digital"
2723:
1801:
Jansen, Jan (1998). "Hot Issues: The 1997 Kamabolon Ceremony in Kangaba (Mali)".
392:), until eventually their stories were put into writing. Sundiata was the son of
3608:
3573:
3452:
3207:
3061:
In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Oral Epic as History, Literature and Performance
2945:
In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Oral Epic as History, Literature and Performance
2938:
In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Oral Epic as History, Literature and Performance
2931:
In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Oral Epic as History, Literature and Performance
2250:
In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Oral Epic As History, Literature and Performance
1653:
1194:
1121:
1117:
1023:
910:
904:
888:
880:
712:
663:
537:
502:
483:
458:
311:
297:
293:
282:
157:
120:
105:
46:
3705:
3639:
3563:
3543:
3503:
2846:
1949:
1184:
1035:
966:
954:
934:
875:
832:
650:
while his successors were "Keitas in waiting" (heirs to the throne). The name
446:
292:
Written sources augment the Mande oral histories, with the Moroccan traveller
286:
62:
17:
3219:
1584:
792:
has advanced the claim that, the Jolofing Mansa sided with Sumaguru because
3533:
3417:
3378:
The True Lion King of Africa: The Epic History of Sundiata, King of Old Mali
2899:
1129:
892:
831:, as did Sundiata. However, some of Sundiata's successors were Muslim, with
2679:, vols. 1-3, Paris: Émile Larose (1912) (eds Marie François Joseph Clozel).
1981:
Focus on World History: The Era of Expanding Global Connections --1000-1500
453:, Sundiata and his allies defeated the Sosso king, and he became the first
3001:
2121:, Traduites d'un manscrit arabe inédit par Maurice Delafosse (in Gallica).
461:. He was the first of the Mandinka line of kings to adopt the royal title
3508:
3493:
3214:. Vol. 1. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. pp. 264–268.
2496:
404:(variations: "Sogolon Kolonkan" or "Sogolon Kédjou", the daughter of the
3343:
Published translations of the epic include D. T. Niane's prose version,
3284:"Histoire de la puissance mandinque d' après la légende et la tradition"
1576:
3153:
3095:
3019:
2972:
2213:
Introduction to the History of African Civilization: Precolonial Africa
2146:, African Studies Association, 1984, University of Michigan, pp. 42-51.
1378:
1062:
1006:. At present, the generally accepted cause of death is drowning in the
933:
and conquered them. Tiramakhan was responsible for the conquest of the
922:
909:
After his victory at Kirina, Mansa Sundiata established his capital at
896:
767:
731:
659:
545:
454:
441:(many variations: "Trimaghan" or "Tiramaghan", the future conqueror of
434:
357:
188:
42:
3257:
The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhay: Life in Medieval Africa
1957:
1834:
1034:
of the Empire. The famous and notably ostentatious West African ruler
3553:
3360:
3010:
2319:
Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in history, 1000-1800
2200:
Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in history, 1000-1800
1825:
1143:
926:
918:
704:
639:
553:
541:
381:
335:
228:
3367:(Denver: Outskirts Press and Paris: Les Editions l'Harmattan, 2010).
3145:
3087:
2964:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
762:(c. 1235). Soumaoro is regarded as one of the true champions of the
352:
3584:
2158:
Bulletin du Comité d 'Etudes historiques et scientifiques de l 'AOF
1816:
3751:
2505:
1120:
is taught in many schools, colleges and universities, not just in
1078:
1047:
974:
938:
874:
855:
843:
694:
442:
351:
319:
92:
2094:
le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues, l'Histoire, les Civilisations
1934:(1963), "The thirteenth- and fourteenth-century kings of Mali",
1671:
1669:
1086:
941:(part of present-day Guinea Bissau), he defeated the last great
914:
700:
655:
631:
549:
421:
133:
3588:
3421:
2399:, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace (1971), p.10
2988:
Jansen, Jan (2001), "The Sunjata Epic: The Ultimate Version",
2550:
2548:
1906:
La langue mandingue et ses dialects (Malinké, Bambara, Dioula)
1526:
1524:
433:
accompanied by an army given to him by the King of Mema. The
3385:
Sections include Geography, Religion, Society & Politics
3296:. One of the first publications presenting a version of the
3288:
Bulletin de la Société de géographie commerciale de Bordeaux
2784:
2782:
1641:
UNESCO, "Manden Charter, proclaimed in Kurukan Fuga", 2009.
1098:, with animals substituting for the humans of Mali legend."
2165:
Histoire de l'Afrique, Tome I: des origines au XVIe siècle
2119:
Traditions historiques et légendaires du Soudan occidental
1010:, where a shrine that bears his name still remains today (
1714:, Issues 21-24, Grande Imprimerie Africaine, 1980, p. 79.
2149:
Monteil, Charles, "Fin de siècle à Médine (1898-1899)",
1616:
1614:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1405:
The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 1050 to c. 1600
610:
Some Bambaras and Mandinkas have proposed that the name
536:. It is the traditional way of praising someone in some
3190:
Africa in World History: from prehistory to the present
3074:
Biebuyck, Daniel P. (1976), "The African Heroic Epic",
2525:
Histoire des Mandingues de l'Ouest: le royaume du Gabou
2347:
First published in 1981 by Cambridge University Press,
2252:, Bloomington: Indiana University Press (1999), p. 93,
1804:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
1532:
African Empires and Civilizations: ancient and medieval
957:. Although the conquered states were answerable to the
638:, variations: Konate, Conateh (English spelling in the
520:, approaching the actual pronunciation in the original
2646:
2644:
2006:
2004:
1138:. Disney has maintained that the film was inspired by
766:. According to Fyle, Soumaoro was the inventor of the
165:
Mansa Sundiata Keita also had daughters not just sons.
2751:
2749:
1857:
A Grammar of the Mandingo Language: With Vocabularies
1168:
contains a five-chapter campaign depicting Sundjata.
2331:
Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F.P., eds. (2000).
1534:, African Heritage Studies Publishers, 1974, p. 160.
666:), such similarities do not exist between the names
3739:
3714:
3673:
3617:
2174:, Longman, 1977, p. 31 (based on Delafosse's work).
1758:(In Sub-Saharan Africa), pub. Shell Education 2007
1652:. A translation of it can be found in pp. 75-77 of
219:
209:
199:
187:
173:
147:
139:
126:
116:
79:
61:
53:
34:
2443:
2441:
1676:eds Alexander, Leslie M., & Walter C. Rucker,
711:and quiver of arrows were the symbols of power in
512:The proper English spelling of Sundiata's name is
285:. He was also the great-uncle of the Malian ruler
3254:McKissack, Patricia; McKissack, Fredrick (1995),
2012:Sunjata: a West African epic of the Mande peoples
1756:Primary Source Fluency Activities: World Cultures
1725:Sunjata: a West African Epic of the Mande peoples
1407:(eds J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver), p. 390,
1339:, HarperCollins Publishers, 1993, pp. 167, 1192.
823:alludes to Sundiata being a Muslim. According to
726:'s grandfather with the help of his army and the
2298:Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century
1866:, by Robert Maxwell Macbrair, London 1873, p. 5.
576:(lion). Jara and many of its variations such as
1876:Making America – A History of the United States
1427:
1425:
1092:
746:, dethroned a Muslim dynasty and continued the
3248:The Epic of Son-Jara: A West African Tradition
2333:Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West Africa
2271:Ethnic Diversity and Integration in the Gambia
2229:Ethnic Diversity and Integration in the Gambia
1396:
1394:
256:
3433:
2626:Mamadou Kouyate quoted in BBC World Service,
2049:See: BBC World Service, The Story of Africa,
360:. The balafon plays an important role in the
8:
2788:Great Britain. Naval Intelligence Division,
1484:""Sundiata", Encyclopædia Britannica Online"
2584:, p. 381. Cambridge University Press, 1975.
2580:Fage, J. D., & Oliver, Roland Anthony,
2289:
2287:
2183:vols. 1-3, Paris: Émile Larose (1912) (eds
2172:West Africa: an introduction to its history
1548:. Markus Wiener Publishers. pp. 45–46.
1457:Collins, Robert O., & James McDonald,
1061:stood out as one of the elite generals and
560:praises him through his mother which means
338:as one of an intangible cultural heritage.
3585:
3440:
3426:
3418:
3388:
2675:, pp. 57-58. See also Delafosse, Maurice,
2630:, "West African Kingdoms" (under Origins).
1165:Age of Empires II HD: The African Kingdoms
1109:have "prevailed throughout his dominion."
850:) and speaks of himself as a successor to
31:
27:Founder and first ruler of the Mali Empire
3038:, p. 77, Infobase Publishing, 2009,
3009:
2673:UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV
2613:UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV
2569:UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV
2556:UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV
2482:UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV
2153:, vol. 28, série B, n° 1-2, 1966, p. 166.
1919:UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV
1824:
1435:, pp. 100-102, Edwin Mellen Press, 2006,
1358:Encyclopedia of the Literature of Empire,
1337:The Encyclopedia of World Facts and Dates
3250:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
3036:Encyclopedia of the Literature of Empire
2759:Encyclopedia of the Literature of Empire
2691:African History: Western African history
2595:Encyclopedia of the Literature of Empire
1678:Encyclopedia of African American History
854:, a conqueror and king mentioned in the
318:, transmitted by generations of Maninka
3232:, Münster: Lit Verlag, pp. 81–88,
3212:The Muqaddimah (K. Ta'rikh - "History")
3117:, Münster: Lit Verlag, pp. 34–45,
2384:Trans-Saharan Africa in World History,
2321:, Africana Pub. Corp., 1971, pp. 51-53.
1328:
742:), Soumaoro's father gained control of
368:was stolen by Sundiata Keita's griot -
296:(1304–1368) and the Tunisian historian
3347:(Harlow: Longman, 2006, 1994, c.1965:
3171:Africa in History: Themes and Outlines
2878:African Film: Re-Imagining a Continent
1784:, by Ibn Battuta, London 2005, p. 324
858:, commonly regarded as a reference to
626:, and that Sundiata's real surname is
170:
2815:, July/August 1998, Vol. 19/Number 4.
2386:Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 98.
2378:
2376:
2317:Stride, G. T., & Caroline Ifeka,
2198:Stride, G. T., & Caroline Ifeka,
1775:Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354
734:captured what was left of the sacked
334:issued during his reign is listed by
7:
3365:Soundjata, Le Leon/Sunjata, The Lion
3188:Gilbert, E.; Reynolds, J.T. (2004),
1624:, Infobase Publishing, 2005, p. 12,
1379:http://www.jstor.org/stable/24349706
1159:tells the legend of Sundiata Keita.
794:"like him, he was hostile to Islam."
257:
2454:, SAGE Publications, 2005, p. 318,
2425:The Encyclopedia Americana, Vol. 11
2370:, Paris 1961, p. 15 note 2 (French)
2202:, Africana Pub. Corp., 1971, p. 49.
1251:Traditional African religion portal
1038:was Sundiata Keita's great-nephew.
998:, near Niani. If one is to believe
778:. Serer oral tradition speaks of a
691:Military history of the Mali Empire
364:. The magical balafon belonging to
112:(King of Kings), preceded by none).
3383:Background information on Sundiata
3355:), Fa-Digi Sisoko's oral version,
3173:, New York: Simon & Schuster,
2851:, 17 April 1998 (in lionking.org)"
2790:French West Africa: The Federation
2767:from the original on 12 April 2024
2702:, Markus Wiener Publishers, 1990,
1989:from the original on 12 April 2024
1599:from the original on 15 April 2022
1360:p. 77, Infobase Publishing, 2009,
281:) was a prince and founder of the
25:
3076:Journal of the Folklore Institute
2533:from the original on 15 June 2023
2427:, Americana Corp., 1977, p. 667,
2335:. New York: Marcus Weiner Press.
1839:On page 256, Jan Jansen writes: "
738:, and by 1180, Diara Kanté (var:
2857:from the original on 12 May 2008
2072:Empires of Medieval West Africa,
1271:
1257:
1243:
1229:
1215:
1201:
1187:
132:Dakadjalan, part of present-day
3783:13th-century monarchs in Africa
3276:Research in African Literatures
2990:Research in African Literatures
2582:The Cambridge History of Africa
2409:Research in African literatures
2033:Empires of Medieval West Africa
1622:Empires of Medieval West Africa
1459:A History of Sub-Saharan Africa
1112:From a global perspective, the
2652:Topics in West African History
2368:Soundjata ou L’Épopée Mandigue
699:Terracotta archer figure from
1:
3345:Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali
3246:Johnson, John William. 1992.
3052:Sundiata: an epic of old Mali
2452:Encyclopedia of Black Studies
2413:University of Texas at Austin
2142:African Studies Association,
1745:An Interview with Ibn Battuta
864:traditional African religious
248:
3210:(1958). F. Rosenthal (ed.).
2884:: Indiana University Press,
2185:Marie François Joseph Clozel
1030:) went on to succeed him as
764:Traditional African religion
703:(13th-15th century), with a
646:, took the real family name
528:derives from his mother and
225:Traditional African religion
1546:Ibn Battuta in Black Africa
314:is primarily known through
3819:
3723:Keïta! l'Héritage du griot
2144:History in Africa, Vol. 11
1937:Journal of African History
1607:– via cambridge.org.
1463:Cambridge University Press
1409:Cambridge University Press
1156:Keïta! l'Héritage du griot
1045:
902:
796:He went on to state that:
722:previously proposed that,
684:
603:
600:Surname (Keita or Konaté?)
445:). It was on the plain of
345:
3793:Mansas of the Mali Empire
3599:
3459:
3406:
3397:
3391:
3306:Sundiata: An Epic of Mali
2070:Conrad, David C. (2005),
1950:10.1017/s002185370000428x
879:By the 14th century, the
819:, Volume 4, p. 133,
817:General History of Africa
556:in particular). The name
505:in the late 14th century)
412:, and Dankaran's mother,
310:centers on his life. The
178:
169:
39:
3400:Mansa of the Mali Empire
3357:Son-Jara: The Mande Epic
3169:Davidson, Basil (1995),
2727:, p. 62, Routledge, 1966
2654:, p. 16, Longman, 1966,
2635:19 February 2012 at the
2096:(vols. 1-3)(in Gallica).
2058:19 February 2012 at the
1559:Collet, Hadrien (2019).
1292:History of Guinea-Bissau
975:The Great Gbara Assembly
973:), and of course Keita.
194:The Royal House of Keita
3282:Quiquandon, F. (1892),
3034:Snodgrass, Mary Ellen,
2523:"Djibril Tamsir Niane,
1356:Snodgrass, Mary Ellen,
913:, near the present-day
279:Sogo Sogo Simbon Salaba
143:c. 1255 (aged c. 37–38)
3278:Vol. 37, No. 2: 15–33.
3224:(on the Kings of Mali)
2876:Gugler, Josef (2003),
2825:University of Timbuktu
2807:2 January 2018 at the
2269:Mwakikagile, Godfrey,
2126:1 January 2018 at the
1708:Senghor, Léopold Sédar
1384:7 January 2022 at the
1100:
900:
716:
377:
308:Malinké/Maninka people
3192:, Pearson Education,
3050:Niane, D. T. (1965),
3002:10.1353/ral.2001.0016
2833:19 April 2012 at the
2792:, HMSO, 1943, p. 171.
2732:12 April 2024 at the
2698:12 April 2024 at the
2294:Niane, Djibril Tamsir
2101:29 March 2013 at the
2051:West African Kingdoms
1881:12 April 2024 at the
1862:12 April 2024 at the
1780:12 April 2024 at the
1754:, Kathleen Knoblock,
1750:12 April 2024 at the
1685:12 April 2024 at the
1680:, Vol. 1, pp. 109-110
1307:History of the Gambia
1046:Further information:
1016:Sundiata's deep water
903:Further information:
878:
698:
685:Further information:
562:"the lion of Sogolon"
355:
3798:Medieval legislators
3747:Djibril Tamsir Niane
3701:Twelve Doors of Mali
2882:Bloomington, Indiana
2395:Johnson, G. Wesley,
2225:Mwakikagile, Godfrey
2117:Delafosse, Maurice,
2088:Delafosse, Maurice,
1659:13 July 2021 at the
1648:12 July 2021 at the
821:Djibril Tamsir Niane
815:In his piece in the
760:The Battle of Kirina
630:(French spelling in
451:The Battle of Kirina
294:Muhammad ibn Battúta
179:Mansa Sundiata Keita
73:The Battle of Kirina
35:Mansa Sundiata Keita
3803:Senegalese monarchs
3645:Naré Maghann Konaté
3363:dramatized version
2689:Collins, Robert O,
2628:The Story of Africa
2510:Université de Dakar
2160:, VIII, n° 2, 1924.
2092:(Soudan Français),
1577:10.1017/hia.2019.12
1544:King, Noel (2005).
1140:William Shakespeare
1028:Mansa Khalifa Keita
1018:). His three sons (
887:eastward along the
883:"extended from the
860:Alexander the Great
829:traditional beliefs
803:confiscated Diata's
658:name rather than a
644:Naré Maghann Konaté
596:) and Jata (lion).
394:Naré Maghann Konaté
204:Naré Maghann Konaté
162:Mansa Khalifa Keita
84:Naré Maghann Konaté
3054:, London: Longmans
2849:British Literature
2757:"Ellen Snodgrass,
2593:Snodgrass (2009),
2248:Austen, Ralph A.,
2178:Delafosse, Maurice
2170:Crowder, Michael,
2151:Bulletin de l'lFAN
2090:Haut-Sénégal-Niger
2031:Conrad, David C.,
2010:Conrad, David C.,
1723:Conrad, David C.,
1689:, ABC-CLIO, 2010,
1620:Conrad, David C.,
1302:History of Senegal
1171:The 4X video game
901:
717:
420:and eventually to
378:
273:, son of Sogolon,
3760:
3759:
3730:Age of Empires II
3665:Tiramakhan Traore
3582:
3581:
3416:
3415:
3407:Succeeded by
3134:History in Africa
2953:History in Africa
2671:Ki-Zerbo (1998),
2611:Ki-Zerbo (1998),
2567:Ki-Zerbo (1998),
2554:Ki-Zerbo (1998),
2499:et l’histoire du
2480:Ki-Zerbo (1998),
2448:Asante, Molefi K.
2163:Robert Cornevin,
2045:BBC World Service
1932:Levtzion, Nehemia
1917:Ki-Zerbo (1998),
1902:Maurice Delafosse
1891:978-0-618-47139-3
1764:978-1-4258-0102-1
1565:History in Africa
1335:Carruth, Gorton,
1059:Tiramakhan Traore
1024:Mansa Ouati Keita
784:Tiramakhan Traore
707:on his back. The
624:Mandinka language
592:or its variation
477:Mandinka language
439:Tiramakhan Traore
234:
233:
223:Prevailing view:
183:
182:
158:Mansa Ouati Keita
102:Mandinka language
57:c. 1235 – c. 1255
16:(Redirected from
3810:
3681:Battle of Kirina
3592:Epic of Sundiata
3586:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3419:
3392:Preceded by
3389:
3339:
3337:
3330:
3317:
3295:
3270:
3242:
3223:
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3055:
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2873:
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2799:
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2776:
2774:
2772:
2753:
2744:
2717:
2711:
2686:
2680:
2669:
2663:
2650:Boahen, A. Adu,
2648:
2639:
2622:
2616:
2609:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2578:
2572:
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2273:(2010), p. 224,
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2231:(2010), p. 224,
2222:
2216:
2211:Fyle, Magbaily,
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2196:
2190:
2136:
2130:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2068:
2062:
2053:(under Origins).
2042:
2036:
2029:
2023:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1979:"Sammis, Kathy,
1975:
1969:
1968:
1928:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1899:
1893:
1873:
1867:
1854:
1848:
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1798:
1792:
1772:
1766:
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1736:
1721:
1715:
1704:
1698:
1673:
1664:
1654:this publication
1639:
1633:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1541:
1535:
1528:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1490:on 28 March 2013
1486:. Archived from
1480:
1474:
1455:
1444:
1429:
1420:
1398:
1389:
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1369:
1354:
1348:
1333:
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1220:
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1211:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1114:Epic of Sundiata
1104:
1067:military history
1020:Mansa Wali Keita
833:Mansa Musa Keita
748:Diarisso Dynasty
687:Battle of Kirina
681:Battle of Kirina
676:Sundiata Konaté.
566:"Sogolon's lion"
362:Epic of Sundiata
348:Epic of Sundiata
342:Epic of Sundiata
303:Epic of Sundiata
261:; also known as
260:
259:
250:
171:
154:Mansa Wali Keita
32:
21:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3812:
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3809:
3808:
3807:
3788:Gambian royalty
3763:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3735:
3710:
3686:Kouroukan Fouga
3669:
3650:Sassouma Bereté
3630:Dankaran Touman
3613:
3595:
3583:
3578:
3455:
3446:
3412:
3403:
3395:
3374:
3338:on 7 March 2012
3335:
3328:
3321:
3303:
3281:
3268:
3253:
3240:
3227:
3206:
3200:
3187:
3181:
3168:
3146:10.2307/3171626
3131:
3125:
3110:
3088:10.2307/3813812
3073:
3070:
3068:Further reading
3049:
2987:
2965:10.2307/3171998
2950:
2926:(1999): 89-110.
2912:
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2892:
2875:
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2835:Wayback Machine
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2809:Wayback Machine
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2734:Wayback Machine
2720:Cooley, William
2718:
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2700:Wayback Machine
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1297:History of Mali
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1223:Monarchy portal
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1188:
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1183:
1174:Civilization VI
1162:The video game
1106:
1103:Ellen Snodgrass
1102:
1083:Kouroukan Fouga
1054:
1052:Kouroukan Fouga
1044:
1008:Sankarani River
996:Sankarani River
988:
907:
873:
848:Bilal Ibn Rabah
813:
693:
683:
614:actually means
608:
602:
494:Sundjata Keyita
414:Sassouma Bereté
410:Dankaran Touman
406:"buffalo woman"
350:
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88:Dankaran Touman
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3740:Related topics
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3691:Manding region
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2076:
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1944:(3): 341–353,
1923:
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426:Soumaoro Kanté
398:Maghan Konfara
366:Soumaoro Kanté
346:Main article:
343:
340:
332:Manden Charter
316:oral tradition
258:ߛߏ߲߬ߖߘߊ߬ ߞߋߕߊ߬
251:1217–c. 1255,
237:Sundiata Keita
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3263:
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2017:
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516:, pronounced
515:
508:The Lion King
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491:Sogolon Djata
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482:The Mandinka
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402:Sogolon Condé
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271:Sogolon Djata
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263:Manding Diara
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227:others claim
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56:
52:
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47:Imperial Mali
44:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3728:
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3696:Sosso Empire
3603:
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3333:the original
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2996:(1): 14–46,
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2930:
2923:
2916:
2910:Bibliography
2877:
2871:
2859:. Retrieved
2848:
2841:
2820:
2812:
2797:
2789:
2769:. Retrieved
2758:
2724:
2715:
2690:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2651:
2627:
2620:
2615:, pp. 57-58.
2612:
2594:
2589:
2581:
2576:
2571:, pp. 55-57.
2568:
2563:
2555:
2535:. Retrieved
2524:
2517:
2495:La question
2494:
2489:
2484:, pp. 55-56.
2481:
2451:
2424:
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2404:
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2383:
2367:
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2118:
2109:
2093:
2089:
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2027:
2011:
1991:. Retrieved
1980:
1973:
1941:
1935:
1926:
1918:
1913:
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1871:
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1808:
1802:
1796:
1770:
1755:
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1724:
1719:
1711:
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1677:
1637:
1621:
1601:. Retrieved
1568:
1564:
1554:
1545:
1539:
1531:
1513:
1508:Niane p. 41.
1504:
1492:. Retrieved
1488:the original
1478:
1458:
1432:
1404:
1373:
1357:
1352:
1336:
1331:
1312:Sosso people
1172:
1170:
1163:
1161:
1154:
1148:
1133:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1075:constitution
1071:
1055:
1015:
1012:Sundiata-dun
1011:
989:
970:
962:
917:border with
908:
842:Some Muslim
841:
816:
814:
804:
801:
793:
788:
771:
755:
751:
750:(variation:
744:Koumbi Saleh
739:
736:Ghana Empire
730:nobility of
718:
675:
671:
667:
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647:
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538:West African
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499:"Mārī-Djāta"
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472:
468:
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418:Ghana Empire
405:
397:
396:(variation:
389:
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327:
323:
301:
291:
278:
274:
270:
267:Lion of Mali
266:
262:
236:
235:
97:
91:
41:Founder and
40:
29:
3778:1255 deaths
3773:1217 births
3609:Mali Empire
3574:Mama Maghan
3453:Mali Empire
3208:Ibn Khaldun
3082:(1): 5–36,
2959:: 147–200,
2114:(in French)
2084:(in French)
1712:Éthiopiques
1643:Access here
1603:12 November
1195:Mali portal
1126:Walt Disney
1122:West Africa
1118:Mali Empire
945:king (King
905:Mali Empire
889:Niger River
881:Mali Empire
664:Joof family
568:. The name
540:societies (
524:. The name
518:soon-jah-ta
503:Ibn Khaldun
459:Mali Empire
298:ibn Khaldun
283:Mali Empire
275:Nare Maghan
121:Mansa Uli I
80:Predecessor
3767:Categories
3706:Sosso Bala
3640:Mande Bori
3618:Characters
3564:Mahmud III
3544:Maghan III
3410:Wali Keita
3404:1230–1255
3310:Proverbium
2813:Humanities
2811:(in NEH):
2624:See also:
2364:D.T. Niane
1401:Fage, J. D
1318:References
1036:Mansa Musa
967:federation
935:Senegambia
895:(northern
891:valley to
740:Jara Kante
604:See also:
287:Mansa Musa
255:spelling:
63:Coronation
3569:Mahmud IV
3559:Mahmud II
3534:Maghan II
3316:: 339–362
3294:: 305–318
3220:956182402
3162:161226607
3140:: 35–55,
3104:165250246
3028:162077125
3011:1887/2769
2981:161404193
1966:162413528
1826:1887/2774
1593:182652539
1585:0361-5413
1461:, p. 84,
1151:Burkinabe
1149:The 1995
1000:Delafosse
893:Hausaland
720:Delafosse
622:) in the
616:inheritor
356:A modern
312:epic poem
75:: c. 1235
3715:In media
3549:Musa III
3514:Sulayman
3509:Maghan I
3499:Muhammad
3484:Abu Bakr
3464:Sundiata
2900:52520253
2861:16 March
2855:Archived
2831:Archived
2805:Archived
2771:16 March
2765:Archived
2761:, p. 78"
2730:Archived
2696:Archived
2633:Archived
2597:, p. 77.
2558:, p. 56.
2537:16 March
2531:Archived
2527:, p. 22"
2215:, p. 61.
2124:Archived
2099:Archived
2056:Archived
2035:, p. 35.
1993:16 March
1987:Archived
1983:, p. 66"
1921:, p. 55.
1879:Archived
1860:Archived
1778:Archived
1748:Archived
1683:Archived
1657:Archived
1646:Archived
1597:Archived
1465:, 2007,
1411:, 1977,
1382:Archived
1181:See also
1130:animated
1128:'s 1994
1116:and the
1081:and the
1063:warlords
1014:meaning
837:Suleyman
811:Religion
770:and the
558:Sundiata
522:Mandinka
435:warlords
376:country.
374:Mandinka
241:Mandinka
220:Religion
90:both as
67:Crowned
3539:Sandaki
3529:Musa II
3479:Khalifa
3451:of the
3154:3171626
3096:3813812
3020:3820580
2973:3171998
2512:, 1987.
2497:Gelwaar
2047:, see:
1571:: 106.
1494:28 July
951:Diafunu
947:Kikikor
923:Senegal
897:Nigeria
768:balafon
756:Jarisso
732:Kaniaga
660:surname
636:Konateh
546:Senegal
526:Sogolon
514:Sunjata
475:in the
473:emperor
457:of the
455:Emperor
358:balafon
330:). The
306:by the
245:Malinke
130:c. 1217
108:. As a
43:Emperor
3674:Topics
3635:Fakoli
3554:Uli II
3504:Musa I
3489:Sakura
3449:Mansas
3361:diglot
3351:
3264:
3236:
3218:
3196:
3177:
3160:
3152:
3121:
3102:
3094:
3042:
3026:
3018:
2979:
2971:
2898:
2888:
2739:
2706:
2693:, p. 8
2658:
2458:
2431:
2351:
2339:
2304:
2277:
2256:
2235:
2074:p. 44.
2018:
1964:
1958:180027
1956:
1889:
1835:221083
1833:
1788:
1762:
1731:
1693:
1628:
1591:
1583:
1469:
1439:
1415:
1364:
1343:
1153:movie
1144:Hamlet
1042:Legacy
1032:Mansas
1004:Gitten
943:Bainuk
927:Gambia
925:, the
919:Guinea
915:Malian
844:griots
752:Jariso
705:quiver
672:Konaté
648:Konaté
640:Gambia
628:Konaté
554:Guinea
542:Gambia
532:means
400:) and
382:griots
336:UNESCO
320:griots
229:Muslim
210:Mother
200:Father
104:– pre-
93:Faamas
71:after
3752:Griot
3519:Kassa
3469:Uli I
3336:(PDF)
3329:(PDF)
3158:S2CID
3150:JSTOR
3100:S2CID
3092:JSTOR
3024:S2CID
3016:JSTOR
2977:S2CID
2969:JSTOR
2506:Dakar
1962:S2CID
1954:JSTOR
1845:mansa
1841:Mansa
1831:JSTOR
1589:S2CID
1323:Notes
1132:film
1079:Gbara
1048:Gbara
986:Death
971:Conde
959:Mansa
939:Kaabu
937:. In
911:Niani
899:)..."
856:Quran
790:Niane
780:Serer
776:Jolof
728:Sosso
668:Keita
654:is a
652:Keita
634:) or
612:Keita
464:Mansa
443:Kaabu
430:Sosso
390:jeliw
386:djeli
328:jeliw
324:djeli
189:House
174:Names
149:Issue
110:Mansa
98:Kings
69:Mansa
54:Reign
3474:Wati
3394:none
3349:ISBN
3262:ISBN
3234:ISBN
3216:OCLC
3194:ISBN
3175:ISBN
3119:ISBN
3040:ISBN
2896:OCLC
2886:ISBN
2863:2012
2773:2023
2737:ISBN
2704:ISBN
2656:ISBN
2539:2023
2501:Siin
2456:ISBN
2429:ISBN
2349:ISBN
2337:ISBN
2302:ISBN
2275:ISBN
2254:ISBN
2233:ISBN
2016:ISBN
1995:2023
1887:ISBN
1786:ISBN
1760:ISBN
1729:ISBN
1706:Ed.
1691:ISBN
1626:ISBN
1605:2023
1581:ISSN
1496:2012
1467:ISBN
1437:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1341:ISBN
1087:Mali
1050:and
1026:and
963:king
955:Kita
953:and
929:and
825:Fage
701:Mali
689:and
670:and
656:clan
632:Mali
586:jada
582:jala
578:jata
574:Jara
570:Jata
552:and
550:Mali
534:lion
530:Jata
484:epic
469:king
447:Siby
422:Mema
277:and
253:N'Ko
247:: ;
140:Died
134:Mali
127:Born
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3142:doi
3084:doi
3006:hdl
2998:doi
2961:doi
1946:doi
1821:hdl
1813:doi
1573:doi
1518:77.
1142:'s
800:"He
772:dan
754:or
709:bow
594:Sun
590:Son
584:or
564:or
479:).
471:or
428:of
388:or
326:or
100:in
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