2109:
241:
1533:
In the following tables, 'R' marks the verb-root, 'V' signals a vowel, sounds in brackets '()' only sometimes occur, sounds in squared brackets '' only rarely occur, and '/' signals different realizations according to the context of an utterance, '-' is used to signal affixes.
604:. Similarly to other Sudanese languages that also use noun classes, Sungor distinguishes meaning through the use of suffixes. However, there is little overlap between the suffixes used.
616:
change depending on class and number. Lukas lists 31 different suffix pairs which do not necessarily constitute separate noun classes. There are six ways of forming plurals in Sungor:
2285:
Dimmendaal, Gerrit J.; Ahland, Colleen; Jakobi, Angelica; Kutsch
Lojenga, Constance (2019). "Linguistic features and typologies in languages commonly referred to as 'Nilo-Saharan'".
1525:
The verbs can be put into three groups depending on the plural-affix they take. While verbs in Group I & II follow a regular patter, group III consists of irregular affixation.
2338:
1411:
Sungor has locative adverbs, temporal adverbs, and adverbs of manner. Adverbs in Sungor are not well attested for. Some examples of locative adverbs are 'here'
2331:
2311:
2033:
Imperatives in Sungor differ based on the present tense verb group a word falls into. The positive singular imperative for verbs that end in
2583:
2370:
2324:
2135:
114:
1522:
has the root ēn. Verb roots are usually monosyllabic or disyllabic. Prefixes mark the person, whereas suffixes mark time and mood.
564:/f/ and /h/ are infrequent in native words. 80% of words with word-initial /f/ are of Arabic origin. Word final /h/ is rare.
3226:
2955:
851:
552:
248:
213:
313:, of which a majority are Muslim. The number of speakers was estimated at 23,500 according to the 1993 census of Chad.
3367:
701:
A small number of words form the singular from a collective plural. Examples are 'witch' émet | émē (Sg. -t), 'horse'
2904:
2210:
Bombay, Elaine (2007). "Enquête sociolinguistique sur les langues tama et assangori parlers du Tchad et du Soudan".
3372:
3185:
3021:
2867:
2347:
271:
109:
3362:
225:
231:
3171:
3142:
2695:
2809:
2479:
2357:
2108:
642:
Other plurals only take a suffix. Some arabic loanwords fall into this category. Examples include 'heart'
103:
345:. It has seven vowels and height assimilations. Examples for height assimilation include plural suffixes
3112:
2484:
2439:
3076:
2814:
2736:
2457:
1646:
2912:
2799:
2426:
927:
To differentiate whether 'someone' refers to a man or woman, the respective terms follow. 'Man' is
3211:
3194:
2950:
2932:
2550:
2405:
2234:
334:
3291:
3239:
2854:
2828:
2635:
2131:
302:
58:
3311:
3244:
3091:
3086:
3000:
2927:
2771:
2728:
2666:
2599:
2545:
2527:
2462:
2452:
2386:
2290:
568:
3316:
3249:
3216:
3203:
3158:
3005:
2988:
2960:
2922:
2892:
2804:
2741:
2718:
2681:
2676:
2614:
2537:
2522:
2514:
2474:
2468:
2420:
2399:
2080:
exist in Sungor. However, due to a lack in research, auxiliaries are not well documented.
1889:
Both negatives of preterite I & II are derived from the positive by adding the suffix
1661:
The plural is formed by adding a conditional suffix to a plural suffix, e.g. 'if I count'
283:
124:
119:
95:
3343:
3275:
3259:
3254:
3234:
3166:
3122:
3117:
3096:
3071:
3036:
2994:
2970:
2965:
2793:
2776:
2756:
2671:
2661:
2640:
2630:
2415:
2410:
2077:
712:
Some words are irregular in the way that they form a plural. Some examples are 'woman'
164:
2225:
Voeglin, C. F.; Voeglin, F. M. (1964). "Languages of the World: Africa
Fascicle One".
2196:(in German). Mitteilungen der Ausland-Hochschule Universität Berlin. pp. 171–246.
205:
3356:
3137:
3127:
3056:
3046:
3041:
2980:
2917:
2882:
2746:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2645:
2560:
2504:
2447:
670:
597:
310:
294:
287:
76:
72:
1688:
if the verb root contains back vowels (o, u). If the positive form takes the suffix
873:
Sungor
Demonstratives are quite underresearched. Examples are 'this' translating to
3081:
2887:
1634:
In the present tense, verbs can be further divided up into those that have suffix
692:
Lukas lists one example of pluralisation where the vocal length is changed 'cow'
2294:
240:
218:
1490:
In Sungor, adjectives follow and agree with the noun, for example 'white clay'
620:
Most plurals are formed by changing the class suffix. Some examples are 'skin'
2101:
601:
574:
2316:
1854:
1518:
Verbs inflect by addition of affixes to a word root. For example, 'I birth'
322:
198:
182:
2096:
189:
2238:
2037:
is the verb root, although there are some exceptions. Verbs that end in
298:
3132:
1676:
Negation happens by adding a suffix. A positive form with the suffix
613:
306:
62:
2061:
are needed. Negative imperatives are follow the either the schemata
1291:
Ordinals are derived from the cardinal numbers by adding suffixes -
1396:
To indicate how often something happens/has happened, Sungor uses
279:
48:
1463:
might not be an adjective in itself since it can be divided into
949:
being the term for 'every'. Other indefinite pronouns are 'some'
858:. If a possessive follows a plural, it is pluralised by adding -u
1857:
suffixes can sometimes be added onto the present tense suffixes
1498:
Adjectives form plurals by adding a suffix, e.g. 'small, young'
275:
44:
2851:
2581:
2368:
2320:
1475:
Numbers become adverbial when they follow the arabic loanword
290:
with some researchers speaking of a Tama-Assangori continuum.
2312:
673:, most of which are arabic loanwords. Examples are 'scholar'
1400:
and the corresponding ordinal number, e.g. 'the first time'
1871:
These conditionals have a future meaning, e.g. 'I counted'
892:
Interrogatives lack research as well. 'Who' translates to
2194:
Die
Sprache der Sungor in Wadai (Aus Nachtigals Nachlaß)
2013:
Future tense conditionals are formed by adding suffix
941:
Following this same pattern, 'everyone' translates to
1684:
if the verb root contains front vowels (a, e, i) or
293:
Sungor is spoken in an area located to the south of
3304:
3284:
3268:
3225:
3202:
3193:
3184:
3157:
3105:
3064:
3055:
3029:
3020:
2979:
2943:
2903:
2875:
2866:
2827:
2785:
2764:
2755:
2727:
2694:
2654:
2623:
2607:
2598:
2536:
2513:
2497:
2438:
2385:
1867:Preterite conditionals are formed by replacing the
224:
212:
196:
180:
175:
161:
146:
92:
82:
68:
54:
40:
21:
635:(Sg. -et, Pl. -ā), or arabic loan 'muslim person'
325:is not well attested in literature and research.
558:The voiced palatal nasal /ɲ/ may exist as well.
2332:
2287:The Cambridge Handbook of African Linguistics
2010:to be an auxiliary verb in the present tens.
1451:. Examples for adverbs of manner are 'maybe'
8:
923:is used to express 'someone'. The plural is
1704:) with some exceptions. In the plural form
1427:Temporal adverbs are, for example, 'daily'
961:Plurals can be formed by adding the suffix
3199:
3190:
3061:
3026:
2872:
2863:
2848:
2761:
2604:
2595:
2578:
2391:
2382:
2365:
2339:
2325:
2317:
247:Sungor is classified as Vulnerable by the
239:
18:
561:/r/ may be articulated as a trill or tap.
2128:Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique
1912:
1723:
1536:
1300:
971:
728:
612:Plurals are mostly formed by suffixion.
402:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2089:
850:Possessive pronouns in Sungor stand in
577:, though this is still underresearched.
16:Nilo-Saharan language of Chad and Sudan
337:with a high and low tone, e.g. 'worm'
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
1875:(preterite I) and 'if I will count'
1728:
145:
7:
2280:
2278:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2205:
2203:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
1692:the negative form takes the suffix
2212:Journal of Language Survey Reports
2006:Lukas suspects the future marker -
1502:(Sg. -t, Pl. -ŋa), 'ripe, mature'
627:(Singular -a, Plural -iŋ), 'love'
14:
286:branch. It is closely related to
2107:
264:Assangorior, Assangor, Assangori
705:(Sg. -da, Pl. -at), 'wild cat'
2130:. Leuven: Peeters Publishers.
309:in Sudan. It is spoken by the
1:
945:literally 'every human' with
567:/ɣ/ seems to be adopted from
380:which trigger the root vowel
372:Another example are suffixes
353:which trigger the root vowel
2358:Nilo-Saharan language family
1649:take one of three suffixes:
908:as an alternative expression
551:Final position plosives are
249:Endangered Languages Project
2295:10.13140/RG.2.2.28208.51208
2227:Anthropological Linguistics
3389:
1903:nagarnáŋiŋa | nagarnáŋiŋto
1506:(Pl. -o), 'older brother'
877:and 'that translating to ệ
305:) in Chad, as well as in
3337:
2862:
2847:
2594:
2577:
2394:
2381:
2364:
2354:
2348:Eastern Sudanic languages
1977:
1952:
1927:
1917:
1819:
1788:
1767:
1752:
1733:
1730:
1603:
1578:
1551:
1541:
1305:
811:
777:
746:
733:
714:ī | īrin, 'dog' wī | wḗā,
631:(Sg. -ī, Pl. -ā), 'name'
238:
33:
26:
2834:Large group listed below
2049:For plurals, the prefix
1883:and 'if I will request'
685:or non-arabic 'grandpa'
654:(Pl. -ē or -ī), 'mouth'
333:Sungor is most likely a
2267:Edgar, John T. (1990).
573:Sungor appears to show
392:changing into 'houses'
365:changing into 'ravens'
2356:Part of the proposed
2126:Rilly, Claude. 2010.
2021:and 'if I will know'
919:The word for 'human'
854:, e.g. 'his brother'
2045:, and in some cases
297:and to the north of
282:and a member of the
274:language of eastern
2956:Lango (South Sudan)
1914:
1897:| 'I did not play'
1725:
1538:
1302:
973:
730:
404:
88:100,000 (2023)
3368:Languages of Sudan
2269:Tama Group Lexicon
2192:Lukas, J. (1938).
1913:
1901:(preterite I) and
1724:
1716:remains the same.
1537:
1301:
972:
862:e.g. 'our hearts'
729:
646:(Pl. -ā), 'human'
637:miselem | muselmīn
403:
3373:Languages of Chad
3350:
3349:
3344:extinct languages
3333:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3300:
3299:
3180:
3179:
3153:
3152:
3016:
3015:
2855:Nilotic languages
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2823:
2822:
2690:
2689:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2493:
2492:
2105:(27th ed., 2024)
2002:
2001:
1998:(t)-(V)R(V)-saie
1850:
1849:
1778:
1628:
1627:
1574:
1508:jō dud | jṓā dútū
1471:Adverbial numbers
1392:
1391:
1313:
1284:
1283:
1272:tíli kus ge másī
845:
842:
841:
664:oróyik | oroyikiŋ
658:(Pl. -ō), 'head'
602:noun class system
548:
547:
257:
256:
28:Bognak-Asungorung
3380:
3200:
3191:
3062:
3027:
2873:
2864:
2857:
2849:
2762:
2605:
2596:
2579:
2392:
2383:
2366:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2318:
2299:
2298:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2264:
2243:
2242:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2138:
2124:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2094:
1987:(t)-(V)R(V)-sai
1915:
1905:(preterite II).
1893:e.g. 'I played'
1829:same as Group 1
1798:same as Group 1
1777:
1765:n-VR(V)(V)-ŋVŋV
1762:same as Group 1
1759:n-(V)R(V)(V)-ŋV
1726:
1665:| 'if we count'
1573:
1539:
1312:
1306:Ordinal Numbers
1303:
1122:mía o tíli másī
974:
900:, and 'what' to
844:
731:
683:zāmela | zwāmel,
662:(Pl. -ū), 'lip'
405:
384:to be raised to
357:to be raised to
251:
243:
234:
208:
192:
185:
167:
115:Northern Eastern
98:
19:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3363:Taman languages
3353:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3321:
3296:
3280:
3264:
3221:
3176:
3149:
3101:
3051:
3012:
2975:
2939:
2899:
2858:
2853:
2835:
2819:
2781:
2751:
2723:
2686:
2650:
2619:
2590:
2565:
2532:
2509:
2489:
2434:
2377:
2360:
2350:
2345:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2266:
2265:
2246:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2191:
2190:
2141:
2125:
2116:
2106:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2074:
2031:
2017:e.g. 'to know'
1948:n-(V)R(V)-saie
1945:n-(V)R(V)sinye
1911:
1855:Preterite tense
1776:n-(V)R(V)-nyVŋV
1768:not documented
1722:
1531:
1516:
1494:and 'red clay'
1488:
1473:
1455:, 'impossible'
1409:
1332:ícana / ícenaí
1324:wórna / wórēna
1316:korna / korena
1289:
1287:Ordinal Numbers
1164:mer kibesterek
1096:mía o tíli war
970:
917:
890:
875:iŋ, plural iŋkō
871:
739:Oblique/Obejct
727:
669:There are some
610:
594:
584:
401:
331:
321:So far, Sungor
319:
272:Eastern Sudanic
268:Songor, Asongor
253:
252:
246:
230:
204:
188:
181:
168:
163:
142:
110:Eastern Sudanic
99:
96:Language family
94:
85:
84:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
3386:
3384:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3355:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3305:Omotik–Datooga
3302:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3227:Nandi–Markweta
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3197:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3172:Southern Burun
3169:
3167:Northern Burun
3163:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3143:Lango (Uganda)
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3008:
2998:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2879:
2877:
2870:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2602:
2592:
2591:
2582:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2395:
2389:
2379:
2378:
2369:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2307:
2306:External links
2304:
2301:
2300:
2274:
2244:
2217:
2199:
2139:
2136:978-9042922372
2114:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2073:
2070:
2041:take suffixes
2030:
2027:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:(V)R(V)-sinye
1968:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1937:n-(V)R(V)-sai
1935:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1910:
1907:
1879:'I requested'
1848:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1809:(V)R(V)-nyVŋV
1807:
1803:
1802:
1801:VR(V)(V)-ŋVŋV
1799:
1796:
1795:(V)R(V)(V)-ŋV
1793:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1784:n-VR(V)-nyVŋV
1782:
1781:n-(V)R-g/kaŋa
1779:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1721:
1718:
1671:no·to̯y·ny·ane
1645:Present tense
1626:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1530:
1527:
1515:
1512:
1504:naχed | naχedo
1487:
1484:
1472:
1469:
1467:'it will be'.
1439:, 'yesterday'
1408:
1405:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1000:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
969:
966:
916:
913:
889:
886:
870:
867:
840:
839:
836:
833:
830:
826:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
809:
808:
802:
799:
796:
792:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
775:
774:
771:
768:
765:
761:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
744:
743:
740:
737:
734:
726:
723:
722:
721:
710:
699:
690:
679:afrīt | afārit
671:broken plurals
667:
640:
609:
606:
593:
590:
583:
580:
579:
578:
571:
565:
562:
559:
556:
546:
545:
543:
541:
539:
536:
533:
531:
527:
526:
524:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
507:
506:
503:
500:
498:
495:
492:
489:
485:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
473:
471:
467:
466:
464:
461:
459:
457:
454:
451:
447:
446:
444:
441:
439:
437:
434:
431:
427:
426:
423:
420:
417:
416:Post-alveolar
414:
411:
408:
400:
397:
388:as in 'house'
361:as in 'raven'
335:tonal language
330:
327:
318:
315:
255:
254:
245:
244:
236:
235:
228:
222:
221:
216:
210:
209:
202:
194:
193:
186:
178:
177:
176:Language codes
173:
172:
169:
165:Writing system
162:
159:
158:
157:
156:
153:
148:
144:
143:
141:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
132:
102:
100:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
70:
66:
65:
56:
52:
51:
42:
41:Native to
38:
37:
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3385:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2846:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2696:Eastern Jebel
2693:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2587:
2580:
2576:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2053:and suffixes
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2023:ninjilisáiŋnē
2020:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:(V)R(V)-saie
1972:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1934:n-(V)R(V)sai
1933:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1832:R(V)(V)-ŋVŋV
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1734:Preterite II
1727:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1638:(Group I) or
1637:
1632:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1535:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1447:, 'tomorrow'
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1188:mer ukṹterek
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1140:mer kalterek
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1116:mer tórterek
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1090:mer masterek
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1012:mer warterek
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
997:
994:
991:
988:
986:mer konterek
985:
982:
979:
976:
975:
967:
965:
964:
960:
956:
953:'everything'
952:
948:
944:
940:
937:
933:
930:
926:
922:
914:
912:
911:
907:
903:
899:
896:, 'which' to
895:
888:Interrogative
887:
885:
884:
880:
876:
869:Demonstrative
868:
866:
865:
864:omulu uŋunuŋ.
861:
857:
853:
848:
846:
837:
834:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
817:
814:
810:
807:
803:
800:
797:
794:
793:
789:
786:
783:
780:
776:
772:
769:
766:
763:
762:
758:
755:
752:
749:
745:
741:
738:
735:
732:
724:
719:
718:mēat | mīnyak
716:'blacksmith'
715:
711:
708:
704:
703:ferda | fērat
700:
698:
695:
691:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:fik | fókora,
672:
668:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
638:
634:
630:
626:
623:
619:
618:
617:
615:
607:
605:
603:
599:
596:Sungor, like
591:
589:
587:
581:
576:
572:
570:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
550:
549:
544:
542:
540:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
525:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
504:
501:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
486:
483:
481:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
465:
462:
460:
458:
455:
452:
449:
448:
445:
442:
440:
438:
435:
432:
429:
428:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
407:
406:
398:
396:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
328:
326:
324:
316:
314:
312:
311:Sungor people
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
250:
242:
237:
233:
229:
227:
223:
220:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
201:
200:
195:
191:
187:
184:
179:
174:
170:
166:
160:
154:
151:
150:
149:
131:
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
107:
105:
101:
97:
91:
87:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57:
53:
50:
46:
43:
39:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
3339:
3269:Okiek–Mosiro
3113:Southern Luo
2993:
2905:Teso–Turkana
2792:
2585:
2555:
2467:
2425:
2398:
2372:
2286:
2268:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2211:
2193:
2127:
2100:
2092:
2075:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1962:(V)R(V)-sai
1959:(V)R(V)-sai
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1888:
1885:nisekḗŋiŋne.
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1815:VR(V)-nyVŋV
1812:(V)R-g/kaŋa
1731:Preterite I
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1647:conditionals
1644:
1642:(Group II).
1639:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1532:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1507:
1503:
1500:elit | eliŋa
1499:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1480:
1479:e.g. 'once'
1476:
1474:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1419:, 'between'
1416:
1412:
1410:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1064:mer kúserek
1024:ta elf wárē
962:
958:
957:or 'nobody'
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
935:
931:
928:
924:
920:
918:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
891:
882:
878:
874:
872:
863:
859:
855:
852:postposition
849:
847:
843:
824:an(er) / un
805:
773:oŋon / uŋun
717:
713:
707:lūlut | lǘlu
706:
702:
696:
693:
686:
682:
678:
674:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
644:ámel | ámelā
643:
636:
632:
629:tárī | tárā
628:
624:
621:
611:
600:, follows a
595:
592:Noun classes
588:
585:
530:Affricative
510:Approximant
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
332:
320:
292:
278:and western
267:
263:
259:
258:
226:Linguasphere
197:
129:
104:Nilo-Saharan
34:
27:
3077:Belanda Bor
2737:Keiga Jirru
2458:El Hugeirat
2440:Hill Nubian
2078:auxiliaries
2072:Auxiliaries
1995:R(V)-sinye
1978:3rd person
1953:2nd person
1928:1st person
1877:noto̯yiŋne,
1846:R(V)-nyVŋV
1840:R(V)-nyVŋV
1826:R(V)(V)-ŋV
1820:3rd person
1789:2nd person
1753:1st person
1710:kāto/-kōto,
1700:(sometimes
1604:3rd person
1579:2nd person
1572:n-(V)R-e/ge
1569:n-(V)R-nye
1558:n-(V)R-e/i
1552:1st person
1435:, 'always'
1429:abad hḯnik,
1402:mar korena.
1050:ta elf íca
1044:mía o wárē
1038:mer icerek
934:'woman' is
812:3rd person
778:2nd person
747:1st person
742:Possessive
687:anat | ónut
553:neutralized
155:Walad Dulla
125:Tama–Sungor
3357:Categories
3030:Dinka–Nuer
2981:Ongamo–Maa
2913:Karamojong
2800:Daju Mongo
2427:Old Nubian
2233:(5): 226.
2102:Ethnologue
2084:References
2043:-a, -o, -e
2029:Imperative
1899:nagarnáŋto
1881:nisekḗŋiŋa
1869:-ne | -nē.
1667:noto̯nyane
1599:(V)R-e/ge
1561:n-(V)R-i/
1486:Adjectives
1459:. 'Maybe'
1415:, 'there'
1212:tíli wárē
1146:míat wárē
1070:mía o mer
1018:mía o kor
915:Indefinite
818:ési / ísē
790:nor / nur
666:(Pl. -iŋ).
660:ŋor | ŋūrū
656:kul | kulō
639:(Pl. -īn).
633:iget | igā
575:gemination
488:Fricative
470:Trill/Tap
399:Consonants
341:and 'big'
3342:indicate
3212:Kupsabiny
2951:Dongotono
2933:Nyangatom
2655:Southwest
2624:Southeast
2588:languages
2584:Southern
2551:Miisiirii
2406:Dongolawi
2375:languages
2371:Northern
1984:R(V)-sai
1981:singular
1956:singular
1931:singular
1923:Group II
1895:nagarnáŋa
1843:R-g/kaŋa
1823:singular
1792:singular
1756:singular
1748:Group II
1742:Group II
1714:-ato/-oto
1708:becomes -
1663:noto̯yanē
1621:R-(i)nye
1607:singular
1596:(V)R-nye
1585:(V)R-e/i
1582:singular
1555:singular
1547:Group II
1496:ōsu arak.
1372:kíbiseno
1252:tíli kus
1232:tíli íca
1194:míat kus
1170:míat íca
1102:míat elf
1076:elf másī
881:, plural
815:singular
781:singular
767:wē / wui
759:nar / na
750:singular
677:'robber'
413:Alveolar
323:phonology
317:Phonology
232:05-DAA-ae
219:Assangori
199:Glottolog
183:ISO 639-3
171:Unwritten
69:Ethnicity
35:Assangori
3240:Kipsigis
3195:Kalenjin
3186:Southern
3106:Southern
3065:Northern
2239:30022465
1920:Group I
1873:notộyiŋa
1745:Group I
1739:Group I
1588:(V)R-i/
1544:Group I
1481:mar kor.
1431:'today'
1423:'above'
1361:seventh
943:at kíro,
838:ōn / ūn
835:ésiŋkoŋ
753:wa / wo
736:Subject
725:Pronouns
681:, 'pet'
648:at | árē
614:Suffixes
586:Source:
430:Plosive
425:Glottal
419:Palatal
270:) is an
206:assa1269
147:Dialects
3340:Italics
3312:Datooga
3245:Markwet
3092:Shilluk
3022:Western
3001:Samburu
2928:Turkana
2893:Mandari
2868:Eastern
2829:Nilotic
2786:Western
2772:Logorik
2765:Eastern
2667:Didinga
2546:Mararit
2528:Nyimang
2463:Ghulfan
2453:Dilling
2067:VR-ēto.
2063:VR-aito
1992:plural
1967:plural
1942:plural
1837:plural
1806:plural
1773:plural
1698:-(V)kto
1659:-(V)ne.
1651:-(V)ŋne
1624:R-e/ge
1618:plural
1593:plural
1566:plural
1529:Present
1492:ōsu aek
1407:Adverbs
1388:mérena
1369:eighth
1364:kálena
1356:tṓrena
1348:másena
1340:kúsono
1337:fourth
1321:second
1099:100000
968:Numbers
902:nímmōrī
829:plural
795:plural
764:plural
694:tḛ | tệ
625:| geriŋ
608:Plurals
582:Grammar
569:Arabic.
410:Labial
347:-u,-uk,
303:Ouaddaï
295:Biltine
59:Ouaddaï
3317:Omotik
3292:Pökoot
3285:Pökoot
3250:Naandi
3217:Sabaot
3133:Dholuo
3123:Adhola
3118:Acholi
2989:Maasai
2961:Lokoya
2944:Lotuko
2923:Toposa
2805:Nyolge
2742:Temein
2729:Temein
2719:Sillok
2682:Tennet
2677:Laarim
2615:Majang
2600:Surmic
2556:Sungor
2523:Afitti
2475:Kadaru
2469:Haraza
2421:Nobiin
2400:Birgid
2387:Nubian
2237:
2134:
2097:Sungor
2051:k-(V)-
1909:Future
1712:while
1680:takes
1669:(from
1610:R-e/i
1465:tấ-sei
1457:tấsoto
1449:súsekē
1443:'now'
1425:óroyē.
1421:rēnik,
1385:tenth
1380:úkuno
1377:ninth
1353:sixth
1345:fifth
1329:third
955:híniŋ,
856:bet an
450:Nasal
422:Velar
329:Vowels
307:Darfur
262:(also
260:Sungor
152:Sungor
130:Sungor
77:Erenga
73:Sungor
63:Darfur
55:Region
22:Sungor
3276:Ogiek
3260:Tugen
3255:Terik
3235:Keiyo
3204:Elgon
3159:Burun
3138:Kumam
3097:Thuri
3072:Anuak
3037:Dinka
3006:Camus
2995:Ngasa
2971:Otuho
2966:Lopit
2810:Nyala
2794:Beigo
2777:Shatt
2672:Murle
2662:Baale
2641:Mursi
2636:Meʼen
2631:Kwegu
2608:North
2538:Taman
2515:Nyima
2480:Karko
2416:Midob
2411:Kenzi
2235:JSTOR
2076:Some
2015:-ŋnē,
1702:-kāto
1657:, or
1613:R-i/
1514:Verbs
1461:tấsei
1453:tấsei
1437:dīman
1311:first
1158:kibs
1084:másī
1073:5000
1047:3000
1021:2000
1006:wárē
995:1000
963:-guŋ.
951:kōra,
883:ệŋgo.
832:ésiŋ
821:ésiŋ
806:ḗŋkun
502:x, ɣ
443:k, g
436:t, d
394:wἐlί.
349:and -
284:Taman
280:Sudan
120:Taman
49:Sudan
3128:Alur
3087:Päri
3047:Reel
3042:Nuer
2918:Teso
2888:Kuku
2883:Bari
2876:Bari
2815:Sila
2757:Daju
2747:Tese
2714:Molo
2709:Kelo
2704:Gaam
2646:Suri
2561:Tama
2505:Nara
2498:Nara
2485:Wali
2448:Dair
2132:ISBN
2019:njel
1891:-to,
1861:and
1720:Past
1706:-kto
1686:-oto
1682:-ato
1655:-kne
1520:nḗne
1477:mar,
1445:hása
1441:ệrē,
1433:dấdo
1417:ḗŋdē
1413:índi
1295:or -
1206:mer
1191:400
1182:úku
1167:300
1143:200
1134:kal
1119:150
1110:tor
1093:120
1067:110
1058:kus
1041:102
1032:íca
1015:101
998:elf
992:mía
989:100
980:kor
947:kíro
925:árī.
898:nấnē
894:nấrē
804:ō /
801:eiŋ
770:wēŋ
756:waŋ
622:gera
598:Tama
376:and
367:gɔrú
363:gárá
299:Adré
288:Tama
276:Chad
45:Chad
3082:Jur
3057:Luo
2291:doi
2099:at
2065:or
2057:or
2047:-i.
1863:-e.
1696:or
1694:-to
1690:-i,
1673:).
1398:mar
1297:no.
1269:45
1249:40
1229:30
1209:20
1203:10
1185:19
1161:18
1137:17
1113:16
1087:15
1061:14
1035:13
1009:12
983:11
959:lō.
932:ma,
906:nim
904:or
798:ai
787:īŋ
652:árī
650:or
538:dʒ
535:ts
390:wál
386:/ɛ/
382:/a/
378:-iŋ
359:/ɔ/
355:/a/
343:dùt
339:dút
214:ELP
190:sjg
3359::
2289:.
2277:^
2247:^
2229:.
2202:^
2142:^
2117:^
2059:-o
2055:-a
2039:-e
2035:-i
2025:.
2008:sa
1859:-i
1678:-e
1653:,
1640:-e
1636:-i
1510:.
1293:na
1179:9
1155:8
1131:7
1107:6
1081:5
1055:4
1029:3
1003:2
977:1
939:ī.
936:at
929:at
921:at
860:ŋ,
784:ī
523:w
520:j
515:l
505:h
497:ʃ
494:s
491:f
475:r
463:ŋ
456:n
453:m
433:b
374:-i
351:uɲ
266:,
106:?
75:,
61:,
47:,
2586:n
2373:k
2340:e
2333:t
2326:v
2297:.
2293::
2271:.
2241:.
2231:6
2214:.
910:.
879:ŋ
720:.
709:.
697:.
689:.
555:.
370:.
301:(
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