3015:, "There were fifteen DVD products tested, including five DVD-R, five DVD+R, two DVD-RW and three DVD+RW types. There were ninety samples tested for each product. ... Overall, seven of the products tested had estimated life expectancies in ambient conditions of more than 45 years. Four products had estimated life expectancies of 30–45 years in ambient storage conditions. Two products had an estimated life expectancy of 15–30 years and two products had estimated life expectancies of less than 15 years when stored in ambient conditions." The life expectancies for 95% survival estimated in this project by type of product are tabulated below:
1533:
6409:
2808:
1097:
1855:
2929:
8938:
6996:
1870:
1240:) for a single-layered, single-sided disc and 8.5 GB (7.92 GiB) for a dual-layered, single-sided disc. The DVD specification ended up similar to Toshiba and Matsushita's Super Density Disc, except for the dual-layer option. MMCD was single-sided and optionally dual-layer, whereas SD was two half-thickness, single-layer discs which were pressed separately and then glued together to form a double-sided disc.
1317:
1220:, president of IBM, to pressure the executives of the warring factions. In one significant compromise, the MMCD and SD groups agreed to adopt proposal SD 9, which specified that both layers of the dual-layered disc be read from the same side—instead of proposal SD 10, which would have created a two-sided disc that users would have to turn over. Philips/Sony strongly insisted on the source code,
2959:, could not be released in high definition without being re-scanned from the original film recordings. Shows that were made between the early 1980s and the early 2000s were generally shot on film, then transferred to video tape, and then edited natively in either NTSC or PAL; this makes high-definition transfers impossible, as these SD standards were baked into the final cuts of the episodes.
71:
1123:
358:
62:
2385:
2921:
approximately one billion DVD player sales worldwide as of April 2011. In fact, experts claimed that the DVD will remain the dominant medium for at least another five years as Blu-ray technology was still in its introductory phase, write and read speeds being poor and necessary hardware being expensive and not readily available.
1353:) said they already had plans to design a gaming console with DVDs as the source medium. Sony stated at the time that they had no plans to use DVD in their gaming systems, despite being one of the developers of the DVD format and eventually the first company to actually release a DVD-based console. Game consoles such as the
2786:
DVDs (4.25 GB instead of 4.7 GB per layer), the required rotation speed is around 10% faster for the same data rate, which means that the same angular speed rating equals a 10% higher physical angular rotation speed. For that reason, the increase of reading speeds of dual layer media has stagnated at
1296:
announced in late 1997 that they would be coming onto the format. The sound system company revealed details in a
November 1997 online interview, and clarified it would release discs in early 1998. However, this date would be pushed back several times before finally releasing their first titles at the
1267:
arrived on
December 20, 1996, with four titles being available. The format's release in the U.S. was delayed multiple times, from August 1996, to October 1996, November 1996, before finally settling on early 1997. Players began to be produced domestically that winter, with March 24, 1997, as the U.S.
2880:
CSS provides a reason for manufacturers to make their devices compliant with an industry-controlled standard, since CSS scrambled discs cannot in principle be played on noncompliant devices; anyone wishing to build compliant devices must obtain a license, which contains the requirement that the rest
1450:
format, the DVD standard includes DVD-10 discs (Type B in ISO) with two recorded data layers such that only one layer is accessible from either side of the disc. This doubles the total nominal capacity of a DVD-10 disc to 9.4 GB (8.75 GiB), but each side is locked to 4.7 GB. Like DVD-5 discs, DVD-10
2988:
Longevity of a storage medium is measured by how long the data remains readable, assuming compatible devices exist that can read it: that is, how long the disc can be stored until data is lost. Numerous factors affect longevity: composition and quality of the media (recording and substrate layers),
1060:
comments that, "In 1995, rival manufacturers of the product initially named digital video disc agreed that, in order to emphasize the flexibility of the format for multimedia applications, the preferred abbreviation DVD would be understood to denote digital versatile disc." The OED also states that
2924:
Consumers initially were also slow to adopt Blu-ray due to the cost. By 2009, 85% of stores were selling Blu-ray Discs. A high-definition television and appropriate connection cables are also required to take advantage of Blu-ray disc. Some analysts suggested that the biggest obstacle to replacing
2850:
that day; in Canada, Central
America, and Indonesia later in 1997; and in Europe, Australia, and Africa in 1998. DVD-Video became the dominant form of home video distribution in Japan when it first went on sale on November 1, 1996, but it shared the market for home video distribution in the United
2948:
services around 2015. With increasing numbers of homes having high speed
Internet connections, many people had the option to either rent or buy video from an online service, and view it by streaming it directly from that service's servers, meaning they no longer need any form of permanent storage
1228:
had designed for the MMCD, because it makes it possible to apply the existing CD servo technology. Its drawback was a loss from 5 to 4.7 Gbyte of capacity. Philips and Sony decided that it was in their best interests to end the format war, and on
September 15, 1995, agreed to unify with companies
1380:
For consumers, DVD soon replaced VHS as the favored choice for home movie releases. In 2001, DVD players outsold VCRs for the first time in the United States. At that time, one in four
American households owned a DVD player. By 2007, about 80% of Americans owned a DVD player, a figure that had
1243:
Philips and Sony decided that it was in their best interests to end the format war, and on
September 15, 1995 agreed to unify with companies backing the Super Density Disc to release a single format, with technologies from both. After other compromises between MMCD and SD, the group of computer
1508:
The above sections regarding disc types pertain to 12 cm discs. The same disc types exist for 8 cm discs: ISO standards still regard these discs as Types A–D, while the DVD Book assigns them distinct disc types. DVD-14 has no analogous 8 cm type. The comparative data for 8 cm discs is provided
2920:
However, unlike previous format changes, e.g., vinyl to
Compact Disc or VHS videotape to DVD, initially there was no immediate indication that production of the standard DVD will gradually wind down, as at the beginning of the 2010s they still dominated, with around 75% of video sales and
1459:
DVD hardware accesses the additional layer (layer 1) by refocusing the laser through an otherwise normally-placed, semitransparent first layer (layer 0). This laser refocus—and the subsequent time needed to reacquire laser tracking—can cause a noticeable pause in A/V playback on earlier
1401:(Video Recording) Book, etc.). DVD discs are made up of two discs; normally one is blank, and the other contains data. Each disc is 0.6 mm thick, and are glued together to form a DVD disc. The gluing process must be done carefully to make the disc as flat as possible to avoid both
2851:
States for several years; it was June 15, 2003, when weekly DVD-Video in the United States rentals began outnumbering weekly VHS cassette rentals. DVD-Video is still the dominant form of home video distribution worldwide except for in Japan where it was surpassed by
2952:
Until the end of the 2010s, manufacturers continued to release standard DVD titles as of 2020, and the format remained the preferred one for the release of older television programs and films. Shows that were shot and edited entirely on film, such as
1525:
4970:
5789:
4966:
6272:
1499:
Both of these additional disc types are extremely rare due to their complicated and expensive manufacturing. For this reason, some DVDs that were initially issued as double-sided discs were later pressed as two-disc sets.
1495:
The DVD Book also permits an additional disc type called DVD-14: a hybrid double-sided disc with one dual-layer side, one single-layer side, and a total nominal capacity of 12.3 GB. DVD-14 has no counterpart in ISO.
2996:
As with CDs, the information and data storage will begin to degrade over time with most standard DVDs lasting up to 30 years depending on the type of environment they are stored and whether they are full with data.
6072:
3352:
number at the outermost edge. This means that the listed CLV (constant linear velocity) speeds at the outer edge equal the same number of rotations per minute as the same CAV (constant angular velocity) rating
1216:, and Microsoft) issued a press release stating that they would only accept a single format. The group voted to boycott both formats unless the two camps agreed on a single, converged standard. They recruited
1427:
Some DVD specifications (e.g. for DVD-Video) are not publicly available and can be obtained only from the DVD Format/Logo
Licensing Corporation (DVD FLLC) for a fee of US$ 5000. Every subscriber must sign a
2972:
of TV shows and movies grew by over 1,200%. At its peak, DVD sales represented almost two thirds of video market in the US; approximately 15 years later, around 2020, they fell to only 10% of the market.
1543:
initially developed recordable DVD media from the need to store data for backup and transport. DVD recordables are now also used for consumer audio and video recording. Three formats were developed:
8599:
6133:
2400:/s); this speed is usually called "1×". More recent models, at 18× or 20×, have 18 or 20 times that speed. For CD drives, 1× means 153.6 kB/s (150 KiB/s), about one-ninth as swift.
1201:. By the time of the press launches for both formats in January 1995, the MMCD nomenclature had been dropped, and Philips and Sony were referring to their format as Digital Video Disc (DVD).
5400:
2846:
DVD-Video is a standard for distributing video/audio content on DVD media. The format went on sale in Japan on
November 1, 1996, in the United States on March 24, 1997, to line up with the
1468:. During mastering, a studio could make the transition less obvious by timing it to occur just before a camera angle change or other abrupt shift, an early example being the DVD release of
5785:
5019:
6268:
6164:
5984:
4520:
2993:, " temperature of 64.4 °F (18 °C) and 40% RH would be considered suitable for long-term storage. A lower temperature and RH is recommended for extended-term storage."
6805:
6800:
6841:
5894:
1286:. However, the launch was planned for the following day (March 25), leading to a distribution change with retailers and studios to prevent similar violations of breaking the
6412:
9037:
9012:
3202:
2989:
humidity and light storage conditions, the quality of the initial recording (which is sometimes a matter of mutual compatibility of media and recorder), etc. According to
5493:
3335:
The write time is wildly optimistic for higher (>4x) write speeds, due to being calculated from the maximum drive write speed instead of the average drive write speed.
1065:
had been using the name 'digital video disc', but that was switched to 'digital versatile disc' after computer companies complained that it left out their applications."
6064:
4886:
4866:
4846:
5466:
4864:
ISO/IEC 25434:2008, Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disc using +R DL format – Capacity: 8,55 Gbytes and 2,66 Gbytes per side (recording speed up to 16X)
7032:
3570:
4906:
1409:
4884:
ISO/IEC 17341:2009, Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disc using +RW format – Capacity: 4,7 Gbytes and 1,46 Gbytes per side (recording speed up to 4X)
4844:
ISO/IEC 17344:2009, Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disc using +R format – Capacity: 4,7 Gbytes and 1,46 Gbytes per side (recording speed up to 16X)
4604:
9027:
4904:
ISO/IEC 26925:2009, Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disc using +RW HS format – Capacity: 4,7 Gbytes and 1,46 Gbytes per side (recording speed 8X)
4488:
6224:
3927:
3212:
1413:
5628:
1365:
use DVDs as their source medium for games and other software. Contemporary games for Windows were also distributed on DVD. Early DVDs were mastered using
8972:
1464:, the length of which varies between hardware. A printed message explaining that the layer-transition pause was not a malfunction became standard on DVD
3004:(OSTA), "Manufacturers claim lifespans ranging from 30 to 100 years for DVD, DVD-R and DVD+R discs and up to 30 years for DVD-RW, DVD+RW and DVD-RAM."
2980:
and regular Blu-ray formats made up for almost half of the US market while sales of physical media continued to shrink in favor of streaming services.
1408:
Some specifications for mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of DVD optical discs can be downloaded as freely available standards from the
6795:
6596:
6195:
4700:
4637:
2337:
2215:
1848:
653:
6125:
9032:
9007:
5916:
5392:
4821:
2968:
By the beginning of the 2020s, sales of DVD had dropped 86% with respect to the peak of DVD sales around 2005, while on-demand sales and, overall,
9057:
8898:
4169:
2914:
1083:
to describe specifically a full-length movie released on the format; for example the sentence to "watch a DVD" describes watching a movie on DVD.
1072:'s mission statement, which the purpose is to promote broad acceptance of DVD products on technology, across entertainment, and other industries.
905:
5954:
4796:
4667:
5089:
5027:
5747:
5426:
5317:
4261:
3845:
3823:
3001:
2877:(digital video) stream from being playable since such copies do not include the keys that are hidden on the lead-in area of the restricted DVD.
1245:
933:
6156:
6041:
7072:
5207:
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4110:
5976:
5510:
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8977:
6831:
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1153:
encoded films in this format, in 1993. In the same year, two new optical disc storage formats were being developed. One was the Multimedia
3725:
4512:
4357:
4116:
3344:
Due to the data track circumference of 12cm discs being 2.4 times as long at the outer edge as at the innermost edge of the data area, a
1614:
Recordable DVD discs supporting dual-layer technology are backward-compatible with some hardware developed before the recordable medium.
1373:, combining a standard definition CRT TV or an HD flat panel TV with a DVD mechanism under the CRT or on the back of the flat panel, and
995:
that physically stamp data onto the DVD. Such discs are a form of DVD-ROM because data can only be read and not written or erased. Blank
8507:
7025:
5352:
3192:
392:
6836:
5137:
307:
5761:
4452:
4067:
6390:
6363:
5890:
4041:
2799:
are only able to record dual layer media at 6× (constant angular velocity), while reading speeds of 8× are still supported by such.
2772:
6246:
1563:. DVD-R is available in two formats, General (650 nm) and Authoring (635 nm), where Authoring discs may be recorded with
3529:
9042:
8997:
8637:
8163:
7637:
4230:
2969:
900:
5058:
4766:
4733:
8567:
7626:
5564:
5490:
4387:
3598:
1268:
launch date of the format proper in seven test markets. Approximately 32 titles were available on launch day, mainly from the
1259:
announced it would start mass-producing DVDs by September 1996. The format launched on November 1, 1996, in Japan, mostly with
744:
627:
6302:
3629:
8987:
8807:
7984:
7972:
7863:
7583:
7018:
6877:
6601:
6011:
5177:
4883:
4863:
4843:
4199:
4022:
3501:
2961:
2955:
2949:
media for video at all. By 2017, digital streaming services had overtaken the sales of DVDs and Blu-rays for the first time.
2776:
818:
553:
6102:
5811:
5452:
5255:
5233:
5867:
5837:
4949:
4929:
4291:
3663:
3468:
3435:
1145:
used analog video encoding on optical discs matching the established standard 120 mm (4.7 in) size of audio CDs.
8982:
6460:
2333:
2211:
1844:
1587:
capacities, respectively. The additional capacity comes at a cost: DVD±DLs have slower write speeds as compared to DVD±R.
1397:(e.g. DVD-ROM Book, DVD-Audio Book, DVD-Video Book, DVD-R Book, DVD-RW Book, DVD-RAM Book, DVD-AR (Audio Recording) Book,
1107:
1100:
Comparison of several forms of disk storage showing tracks (tracks not to scale); green denotes start and red denotes end.
46:
5688:
5430:
5321:
5111:
3767:
3560:
9017:
8562:
8557:
8151:
6687:
4903:
4138:
2874:
397:
6427:
5714:
5284:
3793:
3362:
The first optical drive model from a major optical drive vendor that achieved ×12 speeds on DVD-ROM Dual Layer was the
8863:
8551:
8517:
8455:
7452:
4596:
861:
806:
751:
5658:
3311:
These test markets were in Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, D.C.
8667:
8475:
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434:
9002:
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3345:
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1103:
813:
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companies won the day, and a single format was agreed upon. The computer companies also collaborated with the
5517:
3326:; are not listed in this article but are mentioned in other launch-day sources, most of which are dead links.
9022:
8470:
8001:
7776:
7536:
6872:
6591:
2965:
was the only such show that had a Blu-ray release, as prints were re-scanned and edited from the ground up.
2864:
1604:
1564:
737:
606:
573:
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4690:
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9052:
9047:
8837:
8657:
8347:
7729:
7554:
7192:
6912:
6882:
3974:
3928:"Requirements for Future High-Capacity Compact-Disc Format Announced by Computer Industry Technical Group"
3207:
1225:
1126:
765:
613:
387:
382:
160:
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8041:
7941:
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1305:
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39:
30:
This article is about the disc format in general. For the video recording format based upon DVD, see
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4316:
Now that we finally have ALL the information on the first 29 Warner, MGM and New Line DVD titles...
3363:
3008:
2847:
1873:
DVD-RW Drive operating (performing a burning (writing) operation) with its protective cover removed
1596:
1484:
1366:
1281:
1273:
1190:
1186:
1178:
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5203:
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1341:
Immediately following the formal adoption of a unified standard for DVD, two of the four leading
1008:
409:
377:
136:
5737:
2917:. A dual layer HD DVD can store up to 30 GB and a dual layer Blu-ray disc can hold up to 50 GB.
1068:"Digital versatile disc" is the explanation provided in a DVD Forum Primer from 2000 and in the
3717:
2910:
were released as the successor to DVD. HD DVD competed unsuccessfully with Blu-ray Disc in the
2807:
8903:
8777:
8752:
8480:
8435:
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8193:
8111:
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and "disc tilt", which is when the disc is not perfectly flat, preventing it from being read.
1264:
850:
780:
716:
45:"MMCD" redirects here. For Sony's proprietary CD-ROM XA-based multimedia software format, see
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1417:
1416:(Ecma) standards for some of these specifications, such as Ecma-267 for DVD-ROMs. Also, the
980:), software and other computer files. DVDs offer significantly higher storage capacity than
585:
5144:
2925:
DVD was due to its installed base; a large majority of consumers were satisfied with DVDs.
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8822:
8812:
8623:
8583:
8450:
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1075:
Because DVDs became highly popular for the distribution of movies in the 2000s, the term
968:
format. It was invented and developed in 1995 and first released on November 1, 1996, in
6242:
2928:
1229:
backing the Super Density Disc to release a single format, with technologies from both.
1096:
988:
of data, a dual-layer DVD up to 8.5 GB. Variants can store up to a maximum of 17.08 GB.
8918:
8908:
8868:
8817:
8735:
8688:
8672:
8031:
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consumer digital audio format, as well as for authoring DVD discs written in a special
996:
984:(CD) while having the same dimensions. A standard single-layer DVD can store up to 4.7
470:
454:
450:
402:
96:
4238:
2362:
are a particular type of devices that do not require a computer to work, and can read
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4552:
4042:"Nokia Welcomes Single Standard for Next Generation High Density Optical Disc Format"
3960:
3913:
3889:
3292:
3217:
2832:
Support of measuring the disc quality varies among optical drive vendors and models.
1480:
in DVD players made layer transitions effectively invisible regardless of mastering.
1420:
publishes competing recordable DVD specifications such as DVD+R, DVD+R DL, DVD+RW or
1402:
1374:
1354:
1320:
1182:
959:
832:
772:
5863:
5572:
4501:
15 pounds in 2001 to 2021 = 22.74 pounds, then calculated exchange rate using Google
3606:
1869:
1252:) for use on the new DVDs. The format's details were finalized on December 8, 1995.
1046:). DVDs containing other types of information may be referred to as DVD data discs.
8962:
8893:
8762:
8757:
8698:
8173:
8101:
8036:
7895:
7823:
7120:
6999:
6959:
6769:
6744:
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6375:
6294:
3978:
3637:
3348:
number equals the physical rotation speed the disc has when accessed with the same
3286:
2852:
2829:
can be predicted well in advance by measuring the rate of correctable data errors.
2816:
1316:
1269:
1217:
1154:
981:
973:
965:
962:
758:
429:
372:
349:
245:
89:
6094:
6007:
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5313:
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4207:
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2811:
Error rate measurement on a DVD+R. The error rate is still within a healthy range.
17:
5815:
5229:
1248:(OSTA) on the use of their implementation of the ISO-13346 file system (known as
1061:
in 1995, "The companies said the official name of the format will simply be DVD.
8923:
8784:
8767:
8747:
8402:
8269:
8213:
8178:
8168:
8136:
8131:
8121:
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6382:
5841:
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2886:
1473:
1381:
surpassed VCRs; it was also higher than personal computers or cable television.
1287:
1260:
1174:
70:
2825:
of optical media is measureable, which means that future data losses caused by
1122:
8772:
8604:
8460:
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7271:
7186:
6764:
6754:
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2359:
2353:
1684:
1461:
1421:
1331:
1194:
977:
855:
647:
577:
223:
151:
650 nm laser with a focused beam using more power than for reading, 10.5
8888:
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8710:
8693:
8407:
8299:
8274:
8259:
8051:
7965:
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7747:
7714:
7571:
7464:
7446:
7413:
7356:
7350:
7307:
7049:
6949:
6739:
6712:
6682:
6651:
6550:
6545:
6515:
6510:
5710:
5288:
4102:
3789:
3400:
3385:
3322:
3197:
2841:
2756:
DVDs can spin at much higher speeds than CDs – DVDs can spin at up to 32000
2367:
2363:
1600:
1592:
1469:
1465:
1447:
1390:
1208:, industry technical group formed from five computer companies (IBM, Apple,
1069:
1043:
1031:
1027:
880:
701:
643:
549:
545:
525:
517:
482:
241:
184:
165:
78:
35:
31:
8011:
4146:
4004:
2392:
Read and write speeds for the first DVD drives and players were 1,385
1524:
5650:
357:
8106:
8076:
7542:
7493:
7470:
7319:
6964:
6954:
6867:
6759:
6646:
6530:
6525:
6495:
3396:
3389:
3381:
2826:
2763:
DVD recordable and rewritable discs can be read and written using either
2397:
2393:
2241:
2236:
1654:
1588:
1584:
1583:
discs to store nearly double the data of a single-layer disc—8.5 and 4.7
1575:
Dual-layer recording (occasionally called double-layer recording) allows
1432:
as certain information on the DVD Books is proprietary and confidential.
1362:
1237:
1233:
1146:
1142:
985:
840:
787:
682:
639:
521:
513:
466:
462:
458:
202:
110:
7010:
6330:
6222:
Final Report: NIST/Library of Congress (LC) Optical Disc Longevity Study
6157:"The death of the DVD - Why sales fell more than 86 percent in 13 years"
5378:
1626:
SS = single-sided, DS = double-sided, SL = single-layer, DL = dual-layer
101:
DVD-ROM and DVD-R(W) use one encoding, DVD-RAM and DVD+R(W) uses another
8465:
8397:
8316:
8279:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8234:
8203:
8116:
8026:
8016:
7989:
7796:
7717:
7607:
7601:
7511:
7499:
7331:
7325:
7313:
7295:
7222:
7210:
7174:
7144:
7114:
7096:
6944:
6666:
6641:
6555:
6505:
6500:
6490:
6065:"Film and TV streaming and downloads overtake DVD sales for first time"
3854:
3222:
2976:
By 2022, there was an increased demand of high definition media, where
2933:
2907:
1859:
1608:
1560:
1556:
1256:
1221:
1170:
1158:
1134:
1062:
1020:
1016:
687:
581:
568:
561:
557:
537:
533:
494:
478:
276:
265:
261:
192:
188:
1232:
As a result, the DVD specification provided a storage capacity of 4.7
8528:
8512:
8352:
8141:
8091:
8086:
8071:
7595:
7132:
7108:
6979:
6939:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6636:
6540:
6535:
6422:
3249:
2903:
2433:
1863:
1580:
1552:
1548:
1398:
1290:. The nationwide rollout for the format happened on August 22, 1997.
1209:
1205:
1012:
1004:
710:
706:
667:
634:
592:
529:
509:
490:
438:
271:
152:
6269:"How Long Do CDs/DVDs Last? The Truth About Lifespan, Mold, and Rot"
5547:
Super -writemaster DVD Writer SH-S203B(TS-H653B)/ SH-S203D(TS-H653D)
61:
5594:
4422:
2384:
1304:
In 2001, blank DVD recordable discs cost the equivalent of $ 27.34
474:
8646:
8294:
8208:
8081:
8066:
8021:
7790:
7741:
7723:
7434:
7398:
7380:
7374:
7368:
7301:
7240:
7234:
7198:
7058:
7041:
6923:
6810:
6520:
6126:"Star Trek: DS9 & Voyager HD Blu-Ray Will Likely Never Happen"
2927:
2806:
2405:
CD and DVD writing speed § CD, DVD and Blu-ray writing speeds
2383:
1868:
1853:
1576:
1544:
1531:
1523:
1327:
1315:
1121:
1095:
1035:
1000:
969:
693:
660:
541:
505:
446:
5838:"High-Definition Sales Far Behind Standard DVD's First Two Years"
4390:(Press release). Warner Home Video. July 31, 1997. Archived from
8534:
8331:
8321:
8229:
8188:
7921:
7916:
7872:
7765:
7252:
6917:
6857:
4632:
2990:
2438:
1346:
1166:
1162:
1130:
1080:
976:
and has been widely used to store video programs (watched using
486:
442:
180:
8619:
7845:
7014:
6442:
6435: – Informational Guide to the Dual Layer Recording Process
6428:
Dvddemystified.com: DVD Frequently Asked Questions and Answers
5977:"Amazon.com: Customer Discussions: When will DVDs be obsolete?"
3857:
System Standards and Licensing, 1998, p. 2, archived from
1169:), and the other was the Super Density (SD) disc, supported by
7392:
7246:
7168:
2358:
DVD drives are devices that can read DVD discs on a computer.
1335:
1334:
distributors adopted the DVD format to replace the ubiquitous
1198:
5891:"Slow Blu-ray Adoption: A Threat to Hollywood's Bottom Line?"
8600:
Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor
2855:
when Blu-ray first went on sale in Japan on March 31, 2006.
2388:
Internal mechanism of a DVD-ROM Drive. See text for details.
1804:
1369:
tape, but using DVD-R DL or +R DL eventually became common.
5393:"Life in the fast lane can be a disc-shattering experience"
5170:"Understanding DVD - Disc Size, Configuration and Capacity"
3979:"EFMPlus: The Coding Format of the MultiMedia Compact Disc"
3395:(2007) achieved writing speeds of 12×(CAV) and 16×(CAV) on
4070:(Press release). Toshiba. December 8, 1995. Archived from
4044:(Press release). Nokia. September 26, 1995. Archived from
1102:* Some CD-R(W) and DVD-R(W)/DVD+R(W) recorders operate in
8615:
6418:
1338:
tape as the primary consumer video distribution format.
34:. For the audio storage format also based upon DVD, see
7841:
6231:, Loc.gov, September 2007 (table derived from figure 7)
5197:
5195:
1280:
libraries, with the notable inclusion of the 1996 film
1149:(VCD) became one of the first formats for distributing
6438:
6413:
All About Converting From Several Video Formats To DVD
5266:
3403:
respectively, on quality media from selected vendors.
122:
Up to four layers are possible in a standard form DVD.
3376:(2006) have also achieved 12×(CAV) reading speeds on
4921:
4919:
4513:"DVD kills the video show as digital age takes over"
3488:
3486:
8846:
8793:
8681:
8592:
8576:
8544:
8500:
8421:
8362:
8340:
8222:
8000:
7909:
7888:
7810:
7775:
7707:
7666:
7659:
7636:
7564:
7486:
7421:
7412:
7341:
7262:
7057:
7048:
6932:
6850:
6819:
6788:
6701:
6675:
6569:
6476:
6095:"Kirk/Spock STAR TREK To Get All-New HD Spaceships"
4200:"Matsushita Electronics to launch DVDs in November"
1567:encrypted video content but General discs may not.
1030:consumer digital video format and less commonly in
284:
251:
233:
219:
211:
198:
172:
159:
143:
127:
105:
95:
85:
8584:Sony Institute of Higher Education Shohoku College
6374:
6245:. National Institute of Standards and Technology.
5738:"It's unreel: DVD rentals overtake videocassettes"
5278:
5276:
3657:
3655:
3203:Comparison of popular optical data-storage systems
2340:prefixes (i.e., 1 Gigabyte = 1,000,000,000 bytes).
2218:prefixes (i.e., 1 Gigabyte = 1,000,000,000 bytes).
1851:prefixes (i.e., 1 Gigabyte = 1,000,000,000 bytes).
1389:The DVD specifications created and updated by the
654:High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc (HD VMD)
5840:. Movieweb.com. February 20, 2008. Archived from
4947:How To Obtain DVD Format/Logo License (2005–2009)
4597:"DVD Authoring — How to make a proper DVD master"
3847:Super Video Compact Disc, A Technical Explanation
1042:material (often in conjunction with AVCHD format
1011:and then function as a DVD-ROM. Rewritable DVDs (
6034:"DVD Going The Way Of VHS In 2016 – CINEMABLEND"
5812:"DVD FAQ: 3.13 – What about the new HD formats?"
3530:"DVD Frequently Asked Questions (with answers!)"
1878:Capacity and nomenclature of (re)writable discs
1824:
1784:
1764:
1744:
1724:
1704:
1664:
5565:"View All Discontinued LG Burners & Drives"
3987:A high-density alternative to EFM is described.
2795:optical drives released since around 2005, and
168:'s DVD Books and DVD+RW Alliance specifications
6217:
6215:
6213:
5917:"Gates And Ballmer On "Making The Transition""
5520:. September 1, 2006. p. 3. Archived from
5343:Montilus, Clerbie (2003). Elert, Glenn (ed.).
5308:
5306:
5143:. PDST Technology in Education. Archived from
3592:
3590:
3588:
3011:research project conducted in 2005–2007 using
1451:discs are defined as single-layer (SL) discs.
8631:
7857:
7026:
6454:
6331:"Understanding Recordable and Rewritable DVD"
4691:"Tech on Deck: The Decline of the DVD Player"
3930:. Apple Computer. May 3, 1995. Archived from
2222:Capacity differences of writable DVD formats
927:
8:
6188:"DVD and Blu-ray sales continue to nosedive"
5511:"GSA-H10N, H10L, QSG-1008S (owner's manual)"
5453:"DVR-107D, DVR-107BK General Specifications"
1424:. These DVD formats are also ISO standards.
54:
4788:
4786:
4784:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3455:
3453:
3213:Hard disk drive performance characteristics
1414:European Computer Manufacturers Association
119:17.08 GB (double-sided, double-layer)
8638:
8624:
8616:
8418:
7864:
7850:
7842:
7663:
7418:
7054:
7033:
7019:
7011:
6461:
6447:
6439:
5762:"IEEE – Copy Protection for DVD Video p.2"
4628:"Toshiba 22DV615Y LCD TV/DVD Combo review"
4482:Calculated pound sterling inflation using
4473:Practical Television, November 2001 issue
3561:"For the DVD, Disney Magic May Be the Key"
3559:Johnson, Lawrence B. (September 7, 1997).
3422:
3420:
3017:
2817:Optical disc § Surface error scanning
2782:Due to the slightly lower data density of
1323:, the first video game console to run DVDs
934:
920:
345:
113:(single-sided, single-layer – common)
69:
60:
9038:Science and technology in the Netherlands
9013:Information technology in the Netherlands
6243:"NIST Digital Media Group: docs/disccare"
5049:
5047:
5045:
4540:
4538:
3983:IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
3369:(2004). Later optical drives such as the
1603:was developed for the DVD+RW Alliance by
1023:) can be recorded and erased many times.
991:Prerecorded DVDs are mass-produced using
5204:"Understanding Dual Layer DVD Recording"
4660:"DVD sales top VHS sales for first time"
3901:
3899:
3707:, McGraw Hill, 1998, 1st edition, p. 405
2873:CSS prevents byte-for-byte copies of an
2408:
2220:
1876:
1621:
1263:releases. The first major releases from
117:9.4 GB (double-sided, single-layer)
115:8.5 GB (single-sided, double-layer)
8899:Multiple-prism grating laser oscillator
4577:from the original on September 24, 2019
4095:"DVD: The Five-Inch Digital Video Disc"
3416:
3262:
1133:award for his contributions to DVD and
906:High-definition optical disc format war
348:
7627:CBHD (China Blue High-definition Disc)
6335:Optical Storage Technology Association
5889:Martorana, Robert (November 4, 2009).
5601:from the original on September 4, 2018
5427:Optical Storage Technology Association
5318:Optical Storage Technology Association
5001:from the original on December 21, 2021
4755:Watson, Stephanie (October 16, 2004).
4736:from the original on December 20, 2019
4722:Watson, Stephanie (October 16, 2004).
4607:from the original on September 6, 2019
4523:from the original on February 16, 2018
4229:Elrich, David J. (November 19, 1996).
4099:Buying and Selling Multimedia Services
3002:Optical Storage Technology Association
2944:DVDs started to face competition from
1246:Optical Storage Technology Association
1079:became popularly used in English as a
745:Stacked Volumetric Optical Disk (SVOD)
628:China Blue High-definition Disc (CBHD)
53:
6341:from the original on February 4, 2012
6136:from the original on October 17, 2018
6105:from the original on December 9, 2012
5792:from the original on December 3, 2009
5236:from the original on January 17, 2012
5180:from the original on December 5, 2022
4969:. hometheaterhifi.com. Archived from
4769:from the original on January 15, 2020
4670:from the original on January 21, 2022
3471:from the original on February 2, 2010
2783:
1882:
1631:
1472:. Later in the format's life, larger
7:
9028:Rotating disc computer storage media
7584:HVD (High-Definition Versatile Disc)
6295:"Understanding DVD – Disc Longevity"
6249:from the original on January 4, 2013
6075:from the original on January 3, 2018
5814:. September 21, 2008. Archived from
5717:from the original on October 3, 2020
5423:"Understanding DVD -Recording Speed"
5403:from the original on October 3, 2020
5314:"Understanding DVD -Recording Speed"
5287:. Dvddemystified.com. Archived from
4491:from the original on October 5, 2018
4455:from the original on January 3, 2023
3597:Copeland, Jeff B. (March 23, 1997).
2380:DVD recordable § Transfer rates
6198:from the original on March 15, 2023
6167:from the original on March 29, 2020
6044:from the original on April 12, 2015
6014:from the original on April 12, 2015
5711:"One DVD "DATA" Sector – LightByte"
5691:from the original on August 1, 2021
5661:from the original on August 6, 2020
5210:from the original on April 21, 2010
4511:Uhlig, Robert (November 22, 2004).
4337:from the original on March 25, 2023
4119:from the original on March 13, 2023
3906:"DVD Plagued by Double Standards".
3882:"WCES: The Calm Before the Storm".
3664:"DVD Gets 'Soft Launch' In Britain"
3438:from the original on April 25, 2010
3320:Three additional titles, including
3193:Glossary of computer hardware terms
1483:Dual-layer DVDs are recorded using
1412:website. There are also equivalent
972:. The medium can store any kind of
6275:from the original on July 18, 2022
6155:Witten, Sarah (November 8, 2019).
5987:from the original on March 5, 2016
5957:from the original on April 5, 2015
5897:from the original on March 4, 2016
5870:from the original on June 23, 2011
5750:from the original on May 26, 2007.
5631:from the original on July 15, 2021
5433:from the original on June 11, 2004
5324:from the original on June 11, 2004
5092:from the original on July 21, 2017
5061:from the original on March 3, 2007
4640:from the original on July 16, 2020
4168:Elrich, David J. (July 11, 1996).
4145:. January 17, 1996. Archived from
4003:, EFMPlus Patent, applied in DVD,
3826:from the original on March 6, 2023
3728:from the original on June 30, 2022
3573:from the original on July 29, 2018
1377:were also available for purchase.
25:
8973:Audiovisual introductions in 1996
6358:. Gilroy, California: CMP Books.
5472:from the original on May 29, 2004
5355:from the original on May 28, 2019
5230:"DVD Book A: Physical parameters"
4994:DVD: The Death Knell of Laserdisc
4824:from the original on May 22, 2013
4703:from the original on May 15, 2022
4626:Kidman, Alex (October 21, 2010).
4206:. August 31, 1996. Archived from
3796:from the original on May 10, 2014
3770:from the original on June 9, 2010
2773:Partial constant angular velocity
8937:
8936:
7621:HVD (Holographic Versatile Disc)
6995:
6994:
6407:
6305:from the original on May 2, 2010
6271:. Makeuseof.com. July 14, 2021.
6124:Burt, Kayti (February 6, 2017).
6063:Sweney, Mark (January 5, 2017).
5923:. April 19, 2004. Archived from
5864:"Blu-ray takes 25% Market share"
5377:. August 8, 2003. Archived from
5114:. Tape Resources. Archived from
4689:Rubin, Ross (November 5, 2007).
4298:. March 21, 1997. Archived from
4231:"Toshiba: DVD is here -- Almost"
4020:"DVD: coming soon to your PC?".
3766:. DVD Forum. September 6, 2000.
3504:from the original on May 1, 2010
2902:In 2006, two new formats called
901:History of optical storage media
621:Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD)
356:
9033:Science and technology in Japan
9008:Information technology in Japan
6008:"Is the DVD Becoming Obsolete?"
5736:Bakalis, Anna (June 20, 2003).
4415:"Chat Transcript - Nov 5, 1997"
3953:"Electronic Giants Battle On".
3792:. DVD Forum. January 14, 2010.
3662:Andrews, Sam (March 28, 1998).
2869:The purpose of CSS is twofold:
1007:) can be recorded once using a
9058:Optical computer storage media
8808:Amplified spontaneous emission
7985:Sony Music Entertainment Japan
7973:Sony Interactive Entertainment
6186:Svetlik, Joe (July 27, 2022).
5256:"AVOS Companies – OSFAL Group"
5020:"DVD Studio Pro 4 User Manual"
4956:, Retrieved on August 14, 2009
4936:, Retrieved on August 14, 2009
4794:ISO Freely Available Standards
4567:"DVD Authoring — What is DLT?"
4413:DTS Staff (November 5, 1997).
4260:Gerson, Bob (March 21, 1997).
3528:Taylor, Jim (March 21, 1997).
2962:Star Trek: The Next Generation
2956:Star Trek: The Original Series
2777:Zoned Constant Linear Velocity
1858:Size comparison: a 12 cm
1129:received a personal technical
1:
7611:
7515:
6241:Chang, Wo (August 21, 2007).
6006:Romano, Nick (June 5, 2014).
5951:Electronics.howstuffworks.com
5947:"Are DVDs becoming obsolete?"
5651:"QPxTool – check the quality"
4356:Bilzi, Jill (April 7, 1997).
3820:Oxford Learner's Dictionaries
2332:All units are expressed with
2210:All units are expressed with
1843:All units are expressed with
1514:DVD recordable and rewritable
607:Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD)
47:Sony Multimedia CD-ROM Player
8554:(umbrella company in the US)
7922:Sony Semiconductor Solutions
6832:DVD recordable manufacturers
6688:DVD Copy Control Association
6356:DVD Authoring and Production
6329:Bennett, Hugh (April 2004).
4913:, Retrieved on July 26, 2009
4893:, Retrieved on July 26, 2009
4873:, Retrieved on July 26, 2009
4853:, Retrieved on July 26, 2009
4803:, Retrieved on July 24, 2009
4170:"DVD Introduction Announced"
3461:"DVD FLLC – DVD Format Book"
3428:"DVD FLLC – DVD Format Book"
3287:Blade Runner: Director's Cut
2415:Drive speed (not rotations)
614:Forward Versatile Disc (FVD)
268:(Fixed-track writable media)
207:Thickness: 1.2 mm (0.047 in)
135:300–650 nm laser, 10.5
8978:Products introduced in 1996
8864:Chirped pulse amplification
8552:Sony Corporation of America
8518:Sony Professional Solutions
8513:Sony Network Communications
6842:DVD copy protection schemes
5687:. QPxTool. August 1, 2008.
5549:(User manual) (in Korean),
5082:"The recordable DVD clinic"
3599:"Oscar Day Is Also DVD Day"
2610:; no longer uses pure CLV)
1393:are published as so-called
766:Nintendo optical disc (NOD)
752:Fluorescent Multilayer Disc
731:Ultra Density Optical (UDO)
9074:
8668:List of laser applications
8476:Sony Entertainment Network
8159:Sony Entertainment Network
7830:Electronic Video Recording
6381:(2nd ed.). New York:
6227:February 28, 2017, at the
2891:user operation prohibition
2862:
2839:
2814:
2586:8400 (inner) 3480 (outer)
2566:5600 (inner) 2900 (outer)
2546:4200 (inner) 2320 (outer)
2526:3640 (inner) 1508 (outer)
2506:3360 (inner) 1392 (outer)
2486:2800 (inner) 1160 (outer)
2402:
2377:
2347:
1517:
1439:
1165:(developers of the CD and
600:Universal Media Disc (UMD)
288:November 1, 1996
44:
29:
8932:
8653:
7879:
7646:UHD-BD (Ultra HD Blu-ray)
7543:PVD (Personal Video Disc)
6990:
5496:October 19, 2020, at the
5397:The Sydney Morning Herald
5112:"DVD Media / DVD-R Media"
4799:October 26, 2018, at the
4757:"Building a Blu-ray Disc"
4664:San Jose Business Journal
4358:"DVD Street Date Ignored"
4327:"Twister (1996) - Trivia"
3747:Oxford English Dictionary
3718:"CD/DVD comparison chart"
3346:constant angular velocity
3269:1 GB is one billion bytes
2803:Disc quality measurements
2789:constant angular velocity
2765:constant angular velocity
2466:1400 (inner) 580 (outer)
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1623:Capacity and nomenclature
1491:Combinations of the above
1299:Consumer Electronics Show
1057:Oxford English Dictionary
950:(common abbreviation for
867:Apple ISO 9660 Extensions
675:Personal Video Disc (PVD)
68:
59:
8408:Great American Pure Flix
7079:Ampex 2 inch helical VTR
5491:Pioneer DVR-A06 brochure
5345:"Angular speed of a DVD"
4724:"How Blu-ray Reads Data"
4555:. June 1996. p. 40.
4068:"DVD Format Unification"
4030:(3): 189. March 1, 1996.
3628:Staff (March 24, 1997).
3350:constant linear velocity
3013:accelerated life testing
2797:slim type optical drives
2769:constant linear velocity
2426:constant linear velocity
2424:Revolutions per minute (
1536:A DVD-ROM drive for a PC
1430:non-disclosure agreement
1116:constant linear velocity
1114:modes, but most work in
312:March 24, 1997
9043:Video game distribution
8998:Home video distributors
8577:Nonprofit organizations
7578:Professional Disc (PFD)
7085:Sony 2 inch helical VTR
6354:Labarge, Ralph (2001).
5786:"What is Blu-ray Disc?"
5625:Pioneer Electronics USA
5518:Hitachi-LG data storage
5024:documentation.apple.com
4967:"DVD players benchmark"
4952:March 18, 2010, at the
4909:April 29, 2011, at the
4889:April 29, 2011, at the
4869:April 29, 2011, at the
4849:April 29, 2011, at the
4292:"DVD News for March 21"
4093:Souter, Gerry (2017) .
2865:Content Scramble System
1605:Mitsubishi Kagaku Media
873:Universal Disk Format (
738:3D optical data storage
717:Video Single Disc (VSD)
340:(Australia/New Zealand)
8658:List of laser articles
8348:Sony Creative Software
7824:Electronicam kinescope
7811:Video recorded to film
6837:DVD authoring software
6801:DVD CCA v Kaleidescape
5866:. September 21, 2008.
5685:qpxtool.sourceforge.io
5655:qpxtool.sourceforge.io
4932:April 4, 2010, at the
4818:Ecma-international.org
4545:"DVD Game Consoles?".
4485:"Inflation calculator"
4262:"Warner's DVD Warning"
3975:Kees Schouhamer Immink
3278:The four titles being
3208:Digital video recorder
2970:subscription streaming
2941:
2898:Successors and decline
2812:
2421:~Write time (minutes)
2389:
2344:DVD drives and players
1874:
1866:
1591:was developed for the
1537:
1529:
1324:
1226:Kees Schouhamer Immink
1138:
1127:Kees Schouhamer Immink
1119:
1092:Development and launch
956:digital versatile disc
827:(layer jump recording)
393:Recording technologies
383:Optical disc authoring
75:The data side of a DVD
38:. For other uses, see
8988:Digital audio storage
8446:Anime Digital Network
7638:Ultra-High Definition
7042:Video storage formats
6918:Digital Video Express
5844:on September 14, 2008
5030:on September 26, 2013
4601:HellmanProduction.com
4571:HellmanProduction.com
4000:U.S. patent 5,696,505
3790:"DVD Forum's Mission"
3393:SH-S202/S203/TS-H653B
2931:
2810:
2387:
1872:
1857:
1535:
1527:
1319:
1250:Universal Disk Format
1125:
1099:
724:Magneto-optical discs
228:Computer data storage
8983:Consumer electronics
8833:Population inversion
8563:List of acquisitions
8412:Great American Media
8410:(joint venture with
7956:Sony Financial Group
6561:Inkjet printable DVD
6433:Dual Layer Explained
6373:Taylor, Jim (2000).
5953:. November 1, 2014.
5743:The Washington Times
5399:. December 9, 2002.
5349:The Physics Factbook
5285:"DVD Demystifed FAQ"
4394:on February 19, 1999
4180:on February 13, 1997
4048:on December 20, 1996
3963:: 19. November 1995.
3640:on February 18, 1998
3007:According to a NIST/
1571:Dual-layer recording
40:DVD (disambiguation)
9018:Japanese inventions
8884:Laser beam profiler
8803:Active laser medium
8743:Free-electron laser
8663:List of laser types
8523:Sony Honda Mobility
8376:PlayStation Network
8364:Online distribution
8223:Historical products
8194:Video8/Hi8/Digital8
6728:Portable DVD player
6587:DVD copy protection
5551:Samsung Electronics
5461:Pioneer Electronics
5150:on December 2, 2013
4814:"Standard ECMA-267"
4666:. January 9, 2002.
4487:. Bank of England.
4449:hometheaterhifi.com
4425:on February 6, 1998
4368:on January 16, 1999
4302:on February 6, 1998
4272:on January 17, 1999
4241:on January 16, 1999
4210:on January 14, 2000
4149:on January 16, 1999
4143:Japan Press Network
3934:on December 2, 1998
3916:: 16–17. June 1995.
3694:, June 1997, p. 69;
3630:"Creative Does DVD"
2881:of the DRM system (
2848:69th Academy Awards
2827:deteriorating media
2411:
2223:
1879:
1628:
1597:Pioneer Corporation
1528:Sony Rewritable DVD
1485:Opposite Track Path
1446:Borrowing from the
1204:On May 3, 1995, an
1187:Mitsubishi Electric
1179:Matsushita Electric
469:), Super Video CD (
422:Optical media types
56:
27:Optical disc format
8558:Other subsidiaries
8393:Sony Pictures Core
7927:Sony Entertainment
7910:Primary businesses
5927:on August 26, 2009
5818:on August 22, 2009
5774:on March 18, 2009.
5681:"QPxTool glossary"
5575:on August 17, 2020
5527:on August 17, 2020
5381:on August 8, 2003.
5291:on August 22, 2009
5202:DeMoulin, Robert.
4997:, March 18, 2018,
4445:"CES Report, 1998"
4388:"DVD Announcement"
4314:DVD announcements:
3985:. CE-41: 491–497.
3722:h71036.www7.hp.com
3566:The New York Times
3380:dual-layer media (
2942:
2813:
2760:vs 23000 for CDs.
2409:
2390:
2350:Optical disc drive
2221:
1877:
1875:
1867:
1622:
1538:
1530:
1436:Double-sided discs
1343:video game console
1332:home entertainment
1325:
1255:In November 1995,
1157:(MMCD), backed by
1141:Released in 1987,
1139:
1120:
952:digital video disc
453:, Super Audio CD (
410:Burst cutting area
388:Authoring software
378:Optical disc drive
332:February 1999
215:16 grams (0.56 oz)
18:Super Density Disc
8950:
8949:
8904:Optical amplifier
8753:Solid-state laser
8613:
8612:
8568:List of libraries
8496:
8495:
8436:PlayStation Video
8386:PlayStation Store
7839:
7838:
7806:
7805:
7655:
7654:
7602:BD (Blu-ray Disc)
7572:MUSE Hi-Vision LD
7408:
7407:
7008:
7007:
6827:DVD manufacturers
6657:DVD writing speed
5893:. Seeking Alpha.
5621:"Computer Drives"
5206:. BurnWorld.com.
5057:. AfterDawn Ltd.
4973:on March 13, 2008
4762:HowStuffWorks.com
4729:HowStuffWorks.com
4112:978-1-136-13437-1
3892:: 18. March 1995.
3692:Popular Mechanics
3609:on April 11, 1997
3540:on March 29, 1997
3239:Professional Disc
3105:
3104:
3000:According to the
2893:) be implemented.
2779:(Z-CLV or ZCLV).
2754:
2753:
2410:DVD drive speeds
2330:
2329:
2208:
2207:
1862:and a 19 cm
1841:
1840:
1627:
1442:Double-sided disk
1265:Warner Home Video
1026:DVDs are used in
944:
943:
781:Professional Disc
688:MD Data, MD Data2
582:Mini Blu-ray Disc
344:
343:
298:January 1997
123:
16:(Redirected from
9065:
9003:Dutch inventions
8940:
8939:
8914:Optical isolator
8879:Injection seeder
8859:Beam homogenizer
8838:Ultrashort pulse
8828:Lasing threshold
8640:
8633:
8626:
8617:
8501:Other businesses
8419:
7932:Sony Music Group
7917:Sony Corporation
7866:
7859:
7852:
7843:
7664:
7616:
7613:
7520:
7517:
7419:
7055:
7035:
7028:
7021:
7012:
6998:
6997:
6796:DVD CCA v Bunner
6632:DVD Video OBject
6463:
6456:
6449:
6440:
6411:
6396:
6380:
6369:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6291:
6285:
6284:
6282:
6280:
6265:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6238:
6232:
6219:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6183:
6177:
6176:
6174:
6172:
6152:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6141:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6091:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6060:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6049:
6040:. June 6, 2014.
6030:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6019:
6003:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5992:
5973:
5967:
5966:
5964:
5962:
5943:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5932:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5902:
5886:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5860:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5849:
5834:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5823:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5782:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5767:. Archived from
5766:
5758:
5752:
5751:
5733:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5707:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5677:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5647:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5591:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5571:. Archived from
5561:
5555:
5554:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5526:
5515:
5507:
5501:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5471:
5457:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5419:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5310:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5280:
5271:
5270:
5269:on May 28, 2008.
5265:. Archived from
5260:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5199:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5149:
5142:
5134:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5118:on July 27, 2011
5108:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5051:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5026:. Archived from
5016:
5010:
5009:
5008:
5006:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4963:
4957:
4945:DVD FLLC (2009)
4943:
4937:
4925:DVD FLLC (2009)
4923:
4914:
4900:
4894:
4880:
4874:
4860:
4854:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4810:
4804:
4790:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4752:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4542:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4480:
4474:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4421:. Archived from
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4364:. Archived from
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4268:. Archived from
4257:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4237:. Archived from
4226:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4176:. Archived from
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4023:Computer Shopper
4017:
4011:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3903:
3894:
3893:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3863:
3852:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3760:
3754:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3714:
3708:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3668:
3659:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3636:. Archived from
3625:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3605:. Archived from
3594:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3536:. Archived from
3525:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3494:"BOOKS OVERVIEW"
3490:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3457:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3424:
3404:
3360:
3354:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3327:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3303:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3234:Interactive film
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3018:
2978:Ultra HD Blu-ray
2821:The quality and
2412:
2224:
1880:
1629:
1625:
1455:Dual-layer discs
993:molding machines
936:
929:
922:
821:(packet writing)
586:Ultra HD Blu-ray
574:BD-R & BD-RE
360:
346:
339:
337:
329:
327:
319:
317:
305:
303:
295:
293:
255:
237:
205:: 12 cm (4.7 in)
176:
147:
131:
121:
77:manufactured by
73:
64:
57:
21:
9073:
9072:
9068:
9067:
9066:
9064:
9063:
9062:
8953:
8952:
8951:
8946:
8928:
8842:
8823:Laser linewidth
8813:Continuous wave
8789:
8682:Types of lasers
8677:
8649:
8644:
8614:
8609:
8588:
8572:
8540:
8492:
8451:Anime on Demand
8441:PlayStation Vue
8417:
8381:PlayStation Now
8366:
8358:
8353:FeliCa Networks
8336:
8218:
8152:8 channel films
8003:
7996:
7905:
7884:
7875:
7870:
7840:
7835:
7802:
7771:
7703:
7651:
7632:
7614:
7565:High Definition
7560:
7518:
7482:
7404:
7343:High Definition
7337:
7296:Digital Betacam
7258:
7044:
7039:
7009:
7004:
6986:
6928:
6846:
6815:
6806:Real vs DVD CCA
6784:
6780:Straight to DVD
6775:DVD documentary
6705:
6703:
6697:
6693:DVD+RW Alliance
6671:
6582:DVD region code
6565:
6472:
6467:
6404:
6399:
6393:
6377:DVD Demystified
6372:
6366:
6353:
6344:
6342:
6328:
6324:
6322:Further reading
6319:
6318:
6308:
6306:
6293:
6292:
6288:
6278:
6276:
6267:
6266:
6262:
6252:
6250:
6240:
6239:
6235:
6229:Wayback Machine
6220:
6211:
6201:
6199:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6170:
6168:
6154:
6153:
6149:
6139:
6137:
6123:
6122:
6118:
6108:
6106:
6093:
6092:
6088:
6078:
6076:
6069:Theguardian.com
6062:
6061:
6057:
6047:
6045:
6038:Cinemablend.com
6032:
6031:
6027:
6017:
6015:
6010:. ScreenCrush.
6005:
6004:
6000:
5990:
5988:
5975:
5974:
5970:
5960:
5958:
5945:
5944:
5940:
5930:
5928:
5915:
5914:
5910:
5900:
5898:
5888:
5887:
5883:
5873:
5871:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5847:
5845:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5821:
5819:
5810:
5809:
5805:
5795:
5793:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5771:
5764:
5760:
5759:
5755:
5735:
5734:
5730:
5720:
5718:
5709:
5708:
5704:
5694:
5692:
5679:
5678:
5674:
5664:
5662:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5634:
5632:
5619:
5618:
5614:
5604:
5602:
5593:
5592:
5588:
5578:
5576:
5563:
5562:
5558:
5545:
5544:
5540:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5513:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5498:Wayback Machine
5489:
5485:
5475:
5473:
5469:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5446:
5436:
5434:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5406:
5404:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5373:
5372:
5368:
5358:
5356:
5342:
5341:
5337:
5327:
5325:
5312:
5311:
5304:
5294:
5292:
5282:
5281:
5274:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5239:
5237:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5213:
5211:
5201:
5200:
5193:
5183:
5181:
5168:
5167:
5163:
5153:
5151:
5147:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5131:
5121:
5119:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5095:
5093:
5080:Watson, James.
5079:
5078:
5074:
5064:
5062:
5053:
5052:
5043:
5033:
5031:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5004:
5002:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4976:
4974:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4954:Wayback Machine
4944:
4940:
4934:Wayback Machine
4927:DVD Format Book
4924:
4917:
4911:Wayback Machine
4901:
4897:
4891:Wayback Machine
4881:
4877:
4871:Wayback Machine
4861:
4857:
4851:Wayback Machine
4841:
4837:
4827:
4825:
4812:
4811:
4807:
4801:Wayback Machine
4791:
4782:
4772:
4770:
4754:
4753:
4749:
4739:
4737:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4706:
4704:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4673:
4671:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4643:
4641:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4610:
4608:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4580:
4578:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4551:. No. 18.
4548:Next Generation
4544:
4543:
4536:
4526:
4524:
4517:Telegraph.co.uk
4510:
4509:
4505:
4494:
4492:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4468:
4458:
4456:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4428:
4426:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4397:
4395:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4371:
4369:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4340:
4338:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4312:
4305:
4303:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4275:
4273:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4244:
4242:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4213:
4211:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4183:
4181:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4150:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4122:
4120:
4113:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4077:
4075:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4051:
4049:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4019:
4018:
4014:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3956:Next Generation
3952:
3951:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3909:Next Generation
3905:
3904:
3897:
3885:Next Generation
3881:
3880:
3876:
3867:
3865:
3864:on May 28, 2008
3861:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3829:
3827:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3799:
3797:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3745:
3741:
3731:
3729:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3705:DVD demystified
3702:
3698:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3653:
3643:
3641:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3612:
3610:
3596:
3595:
3586:
3576:
3574:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3543:
3541:
3534:Video Discovery
3527:
3526:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3492:
3491:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3459:
3458:
3451:
3441:
3439:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3371:HL data storage
3361:
3357:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3228:DVD region code
3188:
3183:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3154:
3153:
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3149:
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3143:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
2986:
2946:video on demand
2900:
2867:
2861:
2844:
2838:
2819:
2805:
2407:
2396:/s (1,353
2382:
2376:
2356:
2346:
2341:
2219:
1895:
1890:
1852:
1644:
1639:
1624:
1620:
1573:
1522:
1516:
1493:
1478:optical pickups
1457:
1444:
1438:
1418:DVD+RW Alliance
1387:
1351:The 3DO Company
1314:
1214:Hewlett-Packard
1101:
1094:
1089:
1052:
1040:high definition
1038:format to hold
940:
911:
910:
896:
888:
887:
802:
794:
793:
423:
415:
414:
398:Recording modes
368:
335:
333:
331:
325:
323:
322:March 1998
321:
320:(United States)
315:
313:
311:
310:and other Asia)
301:
299:
297:
291:
289:
253:
244:
235:
206:
191:
187:
183:
174:
145:
129:
120:
118:
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114:
81:
76:
50:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9071:
9069:
9061:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9023:Joint ventures
9020:
9015:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8975:
8970:
8965:
8955:
8954:
8948:
8947:
8945:
8944:
8933:
8930:
8929:
8927:
8926:
8921:
8919:Output coupler
8916:
8911:
8909:Optical cavity
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8869:Gain-switching
8866:
8861:
8856:
8850:
8848:
8844:
8843:
8841:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8818:Laser ablation
8815:
8810:
8805:
8799:
8797:
8791:
8790:
8788:
8787:
8782:
8781:
8780:
8775:
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8765:
8760:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8739:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8716:Carbon dioxide
8708:
8707:
8706:
8704:Liquid-crystal
8701:
8691:
8689:Chemical laser
8685:
8683:
8679:
8678:
8676:
8675:
8673:Laser acronyms
8670:
8665:
8660:
8654:
8651:
8650:
8645:
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8635:
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8488:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8427:
8425:
8423:Former/Defunct
8416:
8415:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8389:
8388:
8383:
8372:
8370:
8360:
8359:
8357:
8356:
8350:
8344:
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8335:
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8319:
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8309:
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8292:
8287:
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8232:
8226:
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8161:
8156:
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8154:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8082:HDCAM/HDCAM-SR
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
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7982:
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7757:
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7711:
7709:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7701:
7695:
7689:
7683:
7677:
7670:
7668:
7667:Media agnostic
7661:
7657:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7649:
7642:
7640:
7634:
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7631:
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7384:
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7372:
7366:
7360:
7354:
7347:
7345:
7339:
7338:
7336:
7335:
7329:
7323:
7317:
7311:
7308:Digital-S (D9)
7305:
7299:
7293:
7287:
7281:
7275:
7268:
7266:
7260:
7259:
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7256:
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7112:
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7052:
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7023:
7015:
7006:
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7002:
6991:
6988:
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6984:
6983:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6936:
6934:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6926:
6921:
6915:
6913:Nintendo discs
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6854:
6852:
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6709:
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6690:
6685:
6679:
6677:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6627:Anamorphic DVD
6624:
6622:DVD recordable
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6573:
6571:
6567:
6566:
6564:
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6553:
6548:
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6528:
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6508:
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6498:
6493:
6488:
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6474:
6473:
6468:
6466:
6465:
6458:
6451:
6443:
6437:
6436:
6430:
6425:
6416:
6403:
6402:External links
6400:
6398:
6397:
6391:
6385:Professional.
6370:
6364:
6351:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6317:
6316:
6286:
6260:
6233:
6209:
6178:
6147:
6116:
6099:Aintitcool.com
6086:
6055:
6025:
5998:
5968:
5938:
5908:
5881:
5855:
5829:
5803:
5777:
5753:
5728:
5702:
5672:
5642:
5612:
5586:
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5538:
5502:
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5414:
5384:
5366:
5335:
5302:
5272:
5247:
5221:
5191:
5161:
5129:
5103:
5072:
5041:
5011:
4984:
4958:
4938:
4915:
4895:
4875:
4855:
4835:
4805:
4780:
4747:
4714:
4681:
4651:
4618:
4588:
4558:
4534:
4503:
4475:
4466:
4436:
4405:
4379:
4348:
4318:
4283:
4252:
4221:
4191:
4160:
4130:
4111:
4085:
4074:on May 1, 1997
4059:
4033:
4012:
3991:
3966:
3945:
3919:
3895:
3874:
3837:
3807:
3781:
3755:
3739:
3709:
3696:
3684:
3673:. New York, NY
3651:
3620:
3584:
3551:
3515:
3482:
3449:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3355:
3337:
3328:
3313:
3304:
3271:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3236:
3232:DVD TV game –
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3155:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3033:over 45 years
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
2985:
2982:
2938:physical media
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2878:
2863:Main article:
2860:
2857:
2840:Main article:
2837:
2834:
2823:data integrity
2815:Main article:
2804:
2801:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
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2679:
2676:
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2659:
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2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2628:
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2622:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
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2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2561:
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2532:
2528:
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2518:
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2508:
2507:
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2475:
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2464:
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2452:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2375:
2374:Transfer rates
2372:
2345:
2342:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2307:
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2278:
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2268:
2267:
2264:
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2258:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
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1818:
1815:
1812:
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1803:
1799:
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1712:
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1703:
1699:
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1679:
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1659:
1658:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1619:
1616:
1572:
1569:
1520:DVD recordable
1518:Main article:
1515:
1512:
1492:
1489:
1456:
1453:
1440:Main article:
1437:
1434:
1386:
1385:Specifications
1383:
1375:VCR/DVD combos
1313:
1310:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1051:
1048:
997:recordable DVD
942:
941:
939:
938:
931:
924:
916:
913:
912:
909:
908:
903:
897:
894:
893:
890:
889:
886:
885:
884:
883:
878:
871:
870:
869:
864:
859:
853:
848:
835:
830:
829:
828:
822:
803:
800:
799:
796:
795:
792:
791:
784:
777:
769:
762:
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
713:
697:
690:
678:
671:
664:
657:
650:
631:
624:
617:
610:
603:
596:
589:
584:, 4K Blu-ray (
567:Blu-ray Disc (
564:
497:
451:5.1 Music Disc
428:Compact disc (
424:
421:
420:
417:
416:
413:
412:
407:
406:
405:
403:Packet writing
400:
390:
385:
380:
375:
369:
366:
365:
362:
361:
353:
352:
342:
341:
286:
282:
281:
280:
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274:
269:
257:
249:
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239:
231:
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221:
217:
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209:
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196:
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178:
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156:
149:
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133:
125:
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107:
103:
102:
99:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
74:
66:
65:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9070:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9053:Digital media
9051:
9049:
9048:Video storage
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9014:
9011:
9009:
9006:
9004:
9001:
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8991:
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8986:
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8907:
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8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8874:Gaussian beam
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8854:Beam expander
8852:
8851:
8849:
8845:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8800:
8798:
8796:
8795:Laser physics
8792:
8786:
8783:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
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8312:1 inch Type C
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8057:Dream Machine
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7949:Sony Pictures
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6718:VCR/DVD combo
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6706:Content
6700:
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6662:DVD emulation
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6607:DVD authoring
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6392:0-07-135026-8
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6365:1-57820-082-2
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5283:Taylor, Jim.
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4553:Imagine Media
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3961:Imagine Media
3958:
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3914:Imagine Media
3911:
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3890:Imagine Media
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3465:Dvdfllc.co.jp
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3432:Dvdfllc.co.jp
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3243:DVD single –
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3179:over 45 years
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2317:8,547,991,552
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2302:
2299:
2297:8,543,666,176
2296:
2293:
2290:
2289:
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2282:
2279:
2277:4,700,372,992
2276:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2257:4,707,319,808
2256:
2253:
2250:
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2240:
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1513:
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1510:
1509:further down.
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1404:
1403:birefringence
1400:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1371:TV DVD combos
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1355:PlayStation 2
1352:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1321:PlayStation 2
1318:
1311:
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1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
987:
983:
982:compact discs
979:
975:
971:
967:
964:
961:
957:
953:
949:
937:
932:
930:
925:
923:
918:
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868:
865:
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860:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
843:
842:
839:
838:
837:File systems
836:
834:
833:Rainbow Books
831:
826:
823:
820:
819:Mount Rainier
817:
816:
815:
811:
808:
805:
804:
798:
797:
790:
789:
785:
783:
782:
778:
776:
774:
773:Archival Disc
770:
768:
767:
763:
761:
760:
756:
754:
753:
749:
747:
746:
742:
740:
739:
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511:
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468:
465:), Video CD (
464:
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386:
384:
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364:
363:
359:
355:
354:
351:
350:Optical discs
347:
309:
287:
283:
278:
275:
273:
270:
267:
263:
260:
259:
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91:
88:
84:
80:
72:
67:
63:
58:
52:
48:
41:
37:
33:
19:
8968:120 mm discs
8894:Mode locking
8847:Laser optics
8545:Other assets
8422:
8174:Tunnel diode
8102:Memory Stick
8097:LocationFree
8061:
8002:Technologies
7896:Masaru Ibuka
7505:
7121:Cartrivision
6960:Compact disc
6770:DVD magazine
6745:External DVD
6735:DVD recorder
6485:
6469:
6415:at Wikibooks
6376:
6355:
6345:December 17,
6343:. Retrieved
6334:
6307:. Retrieved
6298:
6289:
6277:. Retrieved
6263:
6253:December 18,
6251:. Retrieved
6236:
6200:. Retrieved
6191:
6181:
6169:. Retrieved
6160:
6150:
6138:. Retrieved
6129:
6119:
6107:. Retrieved
6098:
6089:
6077:. Retrieved
6068:
6058:
6048:December 30,
6046:. Retrieved
6037:
6028:
6018:December 30,
6016:. Retrieved
6001:
5991:December 30,
5989:. Retrieved
5980:
5971:
5961:December 30,
5959:. Retrieved
5950:
5941:
5929:. Retrieved
5925:the original
5921:BusinessWeek
5920:
5911:
5899:. Retrieved
5884:
5872:. Retrieved
5858:
5846:. Retrieved
5842:the original
5832:
5822:November 25,
5820:. Retrieved
5816:the original
5806:
5796:November 25,
5794:. Retrieved
5780:
5769:the original
5756:
5741:
5731:
5719:. Retrieved
5705:
5693:. Retrieved
5684:
5675:
5663:. Retrieved
5654:
5645:
5633:. Retrieved
5624:
5615:
5603:. Retrieved
5589:
5577:. Retrieved
5573:the original
5568:
5559:
5546:
5541:
5529:. Retrieved
5522:the original
5505:
5486:
5474:. Retrieved
5459:
5447:
5435:. Retrieved
5417:
5407:September 7,
5405:. Retrieved
5396:
5387:
5379:the original
5369:
5357:. Retrieved
5348:
5338:
5326:. Retrieved
5293:. Retrieved
5289:the original
5267:the original
5262:
5250:
5238:. Retrieved
5232:. Mpeg.org.
5224:
5212:. Retrieved
5182:. Retrieved
5174:www.osta.org
5173:
5164:
5152:. Retrieved
5145:the original
5132:
5120:. Retrieved
5116:the original
5106:
5094:. Retrieved
5086:The Register
5085:
5075:
5063:. Retrieved
5032:. Retrieved
5028:the original
5023:
5014:
5003:, retrieved
4993:
4987:
4975:. Retrieved
4971:the original
4961:
4941:
4898:
4878:
4858:
4838:
4826:. Retrieved
4817:
4808:
4771:. Retrieved
4760:
4750:
4738:. Retrieved
4727:
4717:
4705:. Retrieved
4694:
4684:
4672:. Retrieved
4663:
4654:
4642:. Retrieved
4631:
4621:
4609:. Retrieved
4600:
4591:
4579:. Retrieved
4570:
4561:
4546:
4525:. Retrieved
4516:
4506:
4493:. Retrieved
4478:
4469:
4457:. Retrieved
4448:
4439:
4427:. Retrieved
4423:the original
4418:
4408:
4396:. Retrieved
4392:the original
4382:
4370:. Retrieved
4366:the original
4361:
4351:
4339:. Retrieved
4330:
4321:
4313:
4304:. Retrieved
4300:the original
4295:
4286:
4274:. Retrieved
4270:the original
4265:
4255:
4243:. Retrieved
4239:the original
4234:
4224:
4212:. Retrieved
4208:the original
4203:
4194:
4182:. Retrieved
4178:the original
4173:
4163:
4151:. Retrieved
4147:the original
4142:
4139:"DVD Is Go!"
4133:
4121:. Retrieved
4098:
4088:
4076:. Retrieved
4072:the original
4062:
4050:. Retrieved
4046:the original
4036:
4027:
4021:
4015:
3994:
3986:
3982:
3969:
3954:
3948:
3936:. Retrieved
3932:the original
3922:
3907:
3883:
3877:
3868:February 13,
3866:, retrieved
3859:the original
3846:
3840:
3828:. Retrieved
3819:
3810:
3798:. Retrieved
3784:
3774:December 14,
3772:. Retrieved
3764:"DVD Primer"
3758:
3750:
3742:
3730:. Retrieved
3721:
3712:
3704:
3703:Jim Taylor,
3699:
3691:
3687:
3677:November 26,
3675:. Retrieved
3670:
3642:. Retrieved
3638:the original
3633:
3623:
3611:. Retrieved
3607:the original
3602:
3575:. Retrieved
3564:
3554:
3542:. Retrieved
3538:the original
3533:
3506:. Retrieved
3497:
3473:. Retrieved
3464:
3440:. Retrieved
3431:
3392:
3373:
3366:
3358:
3340:
3331:
3321:
3316:
3307:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3281:The Fugitive
3279:
3274:
3265:
3006:
2999:
2995:
2987:
2975:
2967:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2943:
2923:
2919:
2915:of 2006–2008
2908:Blu-ray Disc
2901:
2883:region codes
2868:
2853:Blu-ray Disc
2845:
2831:
2820:
2781:
2762:
2755:
2443:Single-Layer
2391:
2357:
1883:Designation
1632:Designation
1613:
1574:
1559:(plus), and
1539:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1482:
1474:data buffers
1458:
1445:
1426:
1407:
1394:
1388:
1379:
1340:
1326:
1303:
1292:
1282:
1270:Warner Bros.
1254:
1242:
1231:
1218:Lou Gerstner
1203:
1155:Compact Disc
1150:
1140:
1076:
1074:
1067:
1055:
1053:
1025:
1009:DVD recorder
990:
974:digital data
966:data storage
963:optical disc
955:
951:
947:
945:
786:
779:
771:
764:
759:Hyper CD-ROM
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
699:
692:
680:
673:
666:
659:
652:
633:
626:
619:
612:
605:
598:
591:
566:
500:
499:
461:, CD Video (
427:
373:Optical disc
246:Compact disc
90:Optical disc
51:
8924:Q-switching
8785:X-ray laser
8778:Ti-sapphire
8748:Laser diode
8726:Helium–neon
8403:Crunchyroll
8341:Electronics
8179:TransferJet
8169:Sony Tablet
8132:PlayStation
7978:PlayStation
7901:Akio Morita
7777:Solid state
7615: 2006
7519: 1996
7429:Phonovision
7387:D6 HDTV VTR
7127:Philips VCR
6789:Court cases
6617:DVD ripping
6612:DVD burning
6383:McGraw-Hill
6309:October 28,
6140:January 12,
6130:Den of Geek
6079:October 28,
5359:January 21,
5263:www.avos.eu
5154:January 22,
5096:October 15,
5065:February 6,
5034:October 28,
4828:October 28,
4527:October 28,
4362:E-Town News
4266:E-Town News
4235:E-Town News
4174:E-Town News
3938:December 1,
3830:December 6,
3732:January 26,
3644:December 5,
3508:October 28,
3475:October 28,
3442:October 28,
3245:Music video
3173:30–45 years
3167:15–30 years
3030:30–45 years
3027:15–30 years
2887:Macrovision
2793:half-height
2775:(P-CAV) or
2446:Dual-Layer
2360:DVD players
2192:DS SL (2.0)
2172:DS SL (1.0)
2152:SS SL (2.0)
2132:SS SL (1.0)
1932:SS SL (2.0)
1912:SS SL (1.0)
1476:and faster
1462:DVD players
1345:companies (
1288:street date
1261:music video
1175:Time Warner
1118:(CLV) mode.
978:DVD players
700:LaserDisc (
8993:Home video
8957:Categories
8605:Sony timer
8461:Funimation
8047:Cyber-shot
8004:and brands
7942:Publishing
7314:Betacam SX
7223:Betacam SP
7187:Video 2000
7067:Quadruplex
6765:DVD single
6755:DVD ripper
6750:DVD remote
6723:DVD player
6570:Technology
6192:What Hi-Fi
6109:August 22,
5981:Amazon.com
5931:August 22,
5848:August 22,
5635:August 11,
5605:August 11,
5579:August 11,
5531:August 17,
5295:August 22,
5240:August 22,
5184:January 3,
4459:January 3,
4398:October 6,
4372:October 6,
4296:Laserviews
4276:October 6,
4245:October 6,
4214:October 6,
4184:October 6,
4153:October 6,
4078:October 6,
4052:October 6,
3816:"DVD noun"
3613:August 21,
3544:August 20,
3411:References
3378:recordable
3161:0–15 years
3024:0–15 years
2912:format war
2784:dual layer
2418:Data rate
2403:See also:
2378:See also:
2354:DVD player
2348:See also:
1607:(MKM) and
1466:keep cases
1306:US dollars
1044:camcorders
856:Rock Ridge
825:Mount Fuji
681:MiniDisc (
648:HD DVD-RAM
578:Blu-ray 3D
316:1997-03-24
292:1996-11-01
224:Home video
199:Dimensions
86:Media type
8889:M squared
8711:Gas laser
8694:Dye laser
8508:Sony DADC
8486:Minisodes
8368:platforms
8305:FD series
8300:Trinitron
8260:Jumbotron
8250:Sony CLIÉ
8012:α (Alpha)
7966:Sony Bank
7961:Sony Life
7818:Kinescope
7748:AVC-Intra
7715:CamCutter
7698:DVCPRO HD
7465:Laserfilm
7447:LaserDisc
7414:Videodisc
7351:Sony HDVS
7050:Videotape
6950:LaserDisc
6740:DVD drive
6704:Software/
6702:Hardware/
6683:DVD Forum
6652:DVD Multi
6516:DVD-Video
6511:DVD-Audio
6202:March 15,
6171:March 15,
5901:August 9,
5375:"DVD-ROM"
5328:August 9,
5122:August 9,
4773:April 21,
4740:April 21,
4611:April 13,
4581:April 13,
4429:March 24,
4341:August 9,
4306:March 24,
4123:April 11,
4103:CRC Press
3671:Billboard
3603:E! Online
3323:GoldenEye
3299:Assassins
3198:Book type
3021:Disc type
2984:Longevity
2936:offering
2842:DVD-Video
2836:DVD-Video
2368:DVD-Audio
2364:DVD-Video
2320:8,547,992
2314:4,173,824
2300:8,543,666
2294:4,171,712
2280:4,700,373
2274:2,295,104
2260:4,707,320
2254:2,298,496
1899:Capacity
1805:DS SL+DL
1648:Capacity
1593:DVD Forum
1470:Toy Story
1448:LaserDisc
1422:DVD+RW DL
1395:DVD Books
1391:DVD Forum
1308:in 2022.
1151:digitally
1070:DVD Forum
1050:Etymology
1032:DVD-Audio
1028:DVD-Video
881:ISO 13490
862:El Torito
801:Standards
644:HD DVD-RW
550:DVD-Video
483:CD-ROM XA
242:LaserDisc
185:Panasonic
173:Developed
166:DVD Forum
148:mechanism
132:mechanism
109:4.7
79:Sony DADC
36:DVD-Audio
32:DVD-Video
8942:Category
8736:Nitrogen
8456:AnimeLab
8327:Watchman
8199:Vision-S
8107:MiniDisc
8077:Handycam
7889:Founders
7708:Tapeless
7692:DVCPRO50
7471:CD Video
7435:Ampex-HS
7399:HDCAM SR
7363:BCH 1000
7326:MPEG IMX
7320:Digital8
7000:Category
6955:CD Video
6933:See also
6868:DualDisc
6851:Variants
6760:DVD game
6713:DVD case
6551:DVD+R DL
6546:DVD+R DS
6531:DVD-R DL
6526:DVD-R DS
6496:DVD card
6339:Archived
6303:Archived
6299:Osta.org
6279:July 19,
6273:Archived
6247:Archived
6225:Archived
6196:Archived
6165:Archived
6134:Archived
6103:Archived
6073:Archived
6042:Archived
6012:Archived
5985:Archived
5955:Archived
5895:Archived
5874:June 28,
5868:Archived
5790:Archived
5788:. Sony.
5748:Archived
5721:July 30,
5715:Archived
5695:July 22,
5689:Archived
5665:July 30,
5659:Archived
5629:Archived
5599:Archived
5595:"Manual"
5494:Archived
5476:July 31,
5467:Archived
5465:. 2004.
5437:July 24,
5431:Archived
5401:Archived
5353:Archived
5322:Archived
5234:Archived
5208:Archived
5178:Archived
5090:Archived
5059:Archived
5055:"DVD-14"
5005:July 16,
4999:archived
4977:April 1,
4950:Archived
4930:Archived
4907:Archived
4887:Archived
4867:Archived
4847:Archived
4822:Archived
4797:Archived
4767:Archived
4734:Archived
4701:Archived
4696:ABC News
4668:Archived
4644:July 16,
4638:Archived
4605:Archived
4575:Archived
4521:Archived
4495:July 21,
4489:Archived
4453:Archived
4335:Archived
4117:Archived
3977:(1995).
3824:Archived
3800:June 11,
3794:Archived
3768:Archived
3726:Archived
3634:PC Gamer
3571:Archived
3502:Archived
3498:Mpeg.org
3469:Archived
3436:Archived
3401:DVD+R DL
3397:DVD-R DL
3390:TSSTcorp
3386:DVD+R DL
3382:DVD-R DL
3374:GSA-H10N
3186:See also
2859:Security
2311:DVD+R DL
2291:DVD-R DL
2271:DVD+R SL
2251:DVD-R SL
1894:Diameter
1643:Diameter
1618:Capacity
1601:DVD+R DL
1589:DVD-R DL
1585:gigabyte
1363:Xbox 360
1312:Adoption
1278:New Line
1147:Video CD
1143:CD Video
895:See also
841:ISO 9660
788:DataPlay
640:HD DVD-R
526:DVD+R DS
522:DVD-R DS
518:DVD+R DL
514:DVD-R DL
459:Photo CD
330:(Europe)
285:Released
252:Extended
234:Extended
203:Diameter
161:Standard
106:Capacity
97:Encoding
8721:Excimer
8531:(39.4%)
8481:Crackle
8466:Wakanim
8431:PlayNow
8398:SonyLIV
8317:U-matic
8280:Optiarc
8255:Discman
8245:Betamax
8235:CV-2000
8204:Walkman
8127:PlayNow
8117:MicroMV
8027:Blu-ray
8017:Betacam
7990:Aniplex
7882:History
7826:(1950s)
7797:MicroP2
7718:Editcam
7660:Virtual
7512:MiniDVD
7500:MovieCD
7487:Digital
7332:MicroMV
7264:Digital
7241:S-VHS-C
7211:Betacam
7145:Betamax
7115:U-matic
7097:CV-2000
6945:Blu-ray
6667:DVD rot
6506:DVD-RAM
6501:DVD-ROM
6491:MiniDVD
5214:July 6,
4707:May 15,
4674:May 15,
3855:Philips
3577:May 25,
3388:), and
3367:DVR-107
3364:Pioneer
3353:number.
3223:Ripping
2934:library
2771:(CLV),
2767:(CAV),
2428:, CLV)
2370:discs.
2230:Sectors
2189:DVD-RAM
2169:DVD-RAM
2149:DVD-RAM
2129:DVD-RAM
2109:DVD-RAM
2089:DVD-RAM
1891:(total)
1640:(total)
1609:Philips
1561:DVD-RAM
1487:(OTP).
1283:Twister
1257:Samsung
1224:, that
1222:EFMPlus
1195:Thomson
1191:Pioneer
1183:Hitachi
1171:Toshiba
1159:Philips
1135:Blu-ray
1087:History
1063:Toshiba
1021:DVD-RAM
999:discs (
960:digital
958:) is a
562:MiniDVD
558:EcoDisc
538:DVD-RAM
495:Mini CD
479:CD-Text
367:General
336:1999-02
334: (
326:1998-03
324: (
314: (
302:1997-01
300: (
296:(Japan)
290: (
277:Blu-ray
266:DVD-RAM
193:Toshiba
189:Philips
8763:Nd:YAG
8758:Er:YAG
8699:Bubble
8647:Lasers
8537:(4.9%)
8285:Qualia
8270:Mavica
8214:Xperia
8142:S/PDIF
8137:Reader
8112:MiniDV
8092:Inzone
8087:HMZ-T1
8072:FeliCa
8032:Bravia
7832:(1967)
7820:(1947)
7799:(2012)
7793:(2007)
7787:(2004)
7768:(2012)
7762:(2009)
7760:iFrame
7756:(2007)
7750:(2006)
7744:(2006)
7738:(2005)
7732:(2004)
7730:GBA-TV
7726:(2003)
7720:(1995)
7700:(2000)
7694:(1997)
7688:(1996)
7682:(1995)
7680:DVCPRO
7676:(1995)
7648:(2016)
7629:(2008)
7623:(2007)
7608:MiniBD
7604:(2006)
7598:(2006)
7596:HD DVD
7592:(2006)
7586:(2004)
7580:(2003)
7574:(1994)
7557:(2005)
7551:(2004)
7545:(2003)
7539:(2003)
7533:(1998)
7527:(1998)
7508:(1996)
7502:(1996)
7496:(1993)
7479:(1990)
7473:(1987)
7467:(1984)
7461:(1983)
7455:(1981)
7449:(1978)
7443:(1975)
7437:(1967)
7431:(1927)
7422:Analog
7401:(2003)
7395:(2003)
7389:(2000)
7383:(1998)
7377:(1997)
7371:(1994)
7365:(1992)
7359:(1984)
7353:(1984)
7334:(2001)
7328:(2000)
7322:(1999)
7316:(1996)
7310:(1995)
7304:(1994)
7298:(1993)
7292:(1992)
7286:(1991)
7280:(1988)
7274:(1986)
7255:(1998)
7249:(1989)
7243:(1987)
7237:(1987)
7231:(1986)
7225:(1986)
7219:(1985)
7217:Video8
7213:(1982)
7207:(1982)
7201:(1982)
7195:(1980)
7189:(1980)
7183:(1979)
7177:(1977)
7171:(1976)
7165:(1976)
7163:Type C
7159:(1976)
7157:Type B
7153:(1975)
7147:(1975)
7141:(1974)
7135:(1974)
7133:V-Cord
7129:(1972)
7123:(1972)
7117:(1971)
7111:(1969)
7109:EIAJ-1
7105:(1967)
7099:(1965)
7093:(1965)
7091:Type A
7087:(1961)
7081:(1961)
7075:(1958)
7069:(1956)
7059:Analog
6980:CD-ROM
6940:HD DVD
6920:(DIVX)
6898:3× DVD
6893:HD/DVD
6888:ML DVD
6676:Groups
6642:DVD+VR
6637:DVD-VR
6556:DVD+RW
6536:DVD-RW
6423:Curlie
6389:
6362:
5569:LG USA
5553:, 2007
5500:(2003)
5138:"DVDs"
4109:
4005:DVD±RW
3959:(11).
3296:, and
3293:Eraser
3250:M-DISC
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3151:DVD+RW
3148:DVD-RW
3101:33.3%
3089:DVD+RW
3072:DVD-RW
2904:HD DVD
2889:, and
2791:) for
2750:13920
2730:12760
2710:11600
2690:10440
2606:4640 (
2434:Mbit/s
2204:9.39*
2124:2.47*
2104:1.46*
2069:DVD+RW
2029:DVD-RW
1989:DVD+RW
1949:DVD-RW
1889:Layers
1864:pencil
1860:DVD+RW
1837:17.08
1825:DS DL
1822:DVD-18
1817:13.24
1802:DVD-14
1785:DS SL
1782:DVD-10
1765:SS DL
1745:SS SL
1725:DS DL
1705:DS SL
1685:SS DL
1665:SS SL
1638:Layers
1399:DVD-VR
1361:, and
1276:, and
1236:(4.38
1210:Compaq
1206:ad hoc
1197:, and
1019:, and
1017:DVD+RW
1013:DVD-RW
858:/ SUSP
846:Joliet
711:LV-ROM
707:LD-ROM
668:GD-ROM
635:HD DVD
593:M-DISC
534:DVD+RW
530:DVD-RW
491:MIL-CD
439:CD-ROM
272:HD DVD
262:DVD+RW
254:
236:
212:Weight
175:
153:Mbit/s
146:
137:Mbit/s
130:
8768:Raman
8593:Other
8525:(50%)
8355:(57%)
8295:TR-55
8290:Rolly
8265:Lissa
8209:XDCAM
8067:Exmor
8022:Bionz
7742:AVCHD
7724:XDCAM
7686:DVCAM
7381:D-VHS
7375:HDCAM
7369:W-VHS
7357:UniHi
7235:S-VHS
7199:VHS-C
6975:CD-DA
6924:DVD-D
6820:Lists
6811:DeCSS
6647:DVD±R
6541:DVD+R
6521:DVD-R
6478:Discs
5772:(PDF)
5765:(PDF)
5525:(PDF)
5514:(PDF)
5470:(PDF)
5456:(PDF)
5259:(PDF)
5148:(PDF)
5141:(PDF)
3912:(6).
3888:(3).
3862:(PDF)
3851:(PDF)
3667:(PDF)
3257:Notes
3145:DVD+R
3142:DVD-R
3098:33.3%
3095:33.3%
3055:DVD+R
3038:DVD-R
2787:12× (
2670:9280
2650:6960
2630:5800
2511:2.6×
2491:2.4×
2323:8,548
2303:8,544
2283:4,700
2263:4,707
2233:Bytes
2184:5.15
2164:4.70
2144:2.58
2112:DS SL
2092:SS SL
2084:8.54
2072:SS DL
2064:8.54
2052:SS DL
2049:DVD+R
2044:8.54
2032:SS DL
2024:8.50
2012:SS DL
2009:DVD-R
2004:4.70
1992:SS SL
1984:4.70
1972:SS SL
1969:DVD+R
1964:4.70
1952:SS SL
1944:4.70
1929:DVD-R
1924:3.95
1909:DVD-R
1904:(GB)
1886:Sides
1797:9.40
1777:8.54
1762:DVD-9
1757:4.70
1742:DVD-5
1737:5.31
1722:DVD-4
1717:2.92
1702:DVD-3
1697:2.65
1682:DVD-2
1677:1.46
1662:DVD-1
1635:Sides
1581:DVD+R
1577:DVD-R
1553:DVD+R
1545:DVD-R
1328:Movie
1297:1999
1137:disc.
1036:AVCHD
1005:DVD+R
1001:DVD-R
970:Japan
851:Romeo
810:ATAPI
694:Hi-MD
661:VCDHD
546:DVD-A
542:DVD-D
510:DVD+R
506:DVD-R
447:CD-RW
435:CD-DA
220:Usage
144:Write
8773:Ruby
8535:Vaio
8332:WEGA
8322:Vaio
8275:NEWS
8230:AIBO
8189:Vaio
8164:SXRD
8147:SDDS
8122:mylo
8052:Dash
8042:Cell
7873:Sony
7766:XAVC
7531:SVCD
7253:Ruvi
7103:Akai
7073:VERA
6970:SVCD
6863:SACD
6858:cDVD
6602:AACS
6597:HDCP
6387:ISBN
6360:ISBN
6347:2006
6311:2017
6281:2022
6255:2013
6204:2023
6173:2023
6161:CNBC
6142:2019
6111:2009
6081:2017
6050:2016
6020:2016
5993:2016
5963:2016
5933:2009
5903:2011
5876:2011
5850:2009
5824:2008
5798:2008
5723:2020
5697:2020
5667:2020
5637:2020
5607:2020
5581:2020
5533:2020
5478:2020
5439:2011
5409:2020
5361:2022
5330:2011
5297:2009
5242:2009
5216:2007
5186:2023
5156:2017
5124:2011
5098:2001
5067:2007
5036:2017
5007:2021
4979:2008
4902:ISO
4882:ISO
4862:ISO
4842:ISO
4830:2017
4792:ISO
4775:2020
4742:2020
4709:2022
4676:2022
4646:2020
4633:CNET
4613:2020
4583:2020
4529:2017
4497:2022
4461:2023
4431:2022
4400:2021
4374:2021
4343:2023
4331:IMDb
4308:2022
4278:2021
4247:2021
4216:2021
4186:2021
4155:2021
4125:2020
4107:ISBN
4080:2021
4054:2021
4009:SACD
3940:2021
3870:2008
3832:2022
3802:2014
3776:2013
3734:2022
3679:2023
3646:2019
3615:2019
3579:2009
3546:2019
3510:2017
3477:2017
3444:2017
3399:and
3084:50%
3067:40%
3050:60%
2991:NIST
2906:and
2875:MPEG
2741:33.2
2735:24×
2721:30.5
2715:22×
2701:27.7
2695:20×
2681:24.9
2675:18×
2661:22.2
2655:16×
2641:16.6
2635:12×
2621:13.9
2615:10×
2597:11.1
2439:MB/s
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2326:8.5
2306:8.5
2286:4.7
2266:4.7
2227:Type
1896:(cm)
1645:(cm)
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1359:Xbox
1349:and
1347:Sega
1330:and
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1163:Sony
1161:and
1131:Emmy
1104:ZCLV
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1054:The
1003:and
946:The
775:(AD)
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139:(1×)
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8963:DVD
8731:Ion
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8062:DVD
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7736:MOD
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7525:CVD
7506:DVD
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7477:VSD
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7229:MII
7193:CVC
7181:SVR
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6873:EVD
6592:CSS
6577:UDF
6486:DVD
6470:DVD
6421:at
6419:DVD
5463:USA
4419:DTS
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3751:DVD
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3064:40%
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3044:20%
3041:20%
3009:LoC
2758:RPM
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2718:244
2698:222
2678:199
2658:177
2638:133
2618:111
2608:CAV
2591:8×
2577:8.3
2571:6×
2557:5.5
2551:4×
2537:4.1
2531:3×
2517:3.6
2497:3.3
2477:2.8
2471:2×
2463:103
2457:1.4
2451:1×
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2246:GB
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501:DVD
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467:VCD
463:CDV
457:),
308:CIS
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8959::
8529:M3
8037:CD
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7674:DV
7612:c.
7516:c.
7302:D5
7284:D3
7278:D2
7272:D1
7175:VK
7139:VX
6337:.
6333:.
6301:.
6297:.
6212:^
6194:.
6190:.
6163:.
6159:.
6132:.
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6101:.
6097:.
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3125:60
3122:50
3119:40
3116:30
3113:20
3110:10
3092:0%
3078:0%
3075:0%
3061:0%
3047:0%
2932:A
2885:,
2627:10
2603:13
2594:89
2583:17
2574:67
2563:26
2560:14
2554:44
2543:34
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2523:40
2520:22
2514:29
2503:43
2500:24
2494:27
2483:51
2480:28
2474:22
2460:57
2454:11
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2334:SI
2242:MB
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2212:SI
2201:12
2181:12
2161:12
2141:12
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2061:12
2041:12
2021:12
2001:12
1981:12
1961:12
1941:12
1921:12
1845:SI
1834:12
1814:12
1794:12
1774:12
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1655:GB
1611:.
1599:;
1557:RW
1551:,
1549:RW
1541:HP
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1357:,
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1193:,
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2178:1
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1714:8
1711:2
1708:2
1694:8
1691:2
1688:1
1674:8
1671:1
1668:1
1653:(
1555:/
1547:/
935:e
928:t
921:v
877:)
812:/
637::
588:)
503::
338:)
328:)
318:)
306:(
304:)
294:)
49:.
42:.
20:)
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