Superfund - Knowledge (XXG)

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activities. The EPA then issues a Proposed Plans for remedial action for a site on which it takes public comment, after which it makes a cleanup decision in a Record of Decision (ROD). RODs are typically implemented under consent decrees by PRPs or under unilateral orders if consent cannot be reached. If a party fails to comply with such an order, it may be fined up to $ 37,500 for each day that non-compliance continues. A party that spends money to clean up a site may sue other PRPs in a contribution action under the CERCLA. CERCLA liability has generally been judicially established as joint and several among PRPs to the government for cleanup costs (i.e., each PRP is hypothetically responsible for all costs subject to contribution), but CERCLA liability is allocable among PRPs in contribution based on comparative fault. An "orphan share" is the share of costs at a Superfund site that is attributable to a PRP that is either unidentifiable or insolvent. The EPA tries to treat all PRPs equitably and fairly. Budgetary cuts and constraints can make more equitable treatment of PRPs more difficult.

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actions and then seek to restore ecosystem services to the public through conservation, restoration, and/or acquisition of equivalent habitat. Responsible parties are assessed damages for the cost of the assessment and the restoration of ecosystem services. For the federal government, EPA, US Fish and Wildlife Service, or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration may act as natural resource trustees. The US Department of Interior keeps a list of the natural resource trustees appointed by state's governors. Federally recognized Tribes may act as trustees for natural resources, including natural resources related to Tribal subsistence, cultural uses, spiritual values, and uses that are preserved by treaties. Tribal natural resource trustees are appointed by tribal governments. Some states have their own versions of a state Superfund law and may perform NRDA either through state laws or through other federal authorities such as the Oil Pollution Act.

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minority communities the most. Despite legislation specifically designed to ensure equity in Superfund listing, marginalized populations still experience a lesser chance of successful listing and cleanup than areas with higher income levels. After the executive order had been put in place, there persisted a discrepancy between the demographics of the communities living near toxic waste sites and their listing as Superfund sites, which would otherwise grant them federally funded cleanup projects. Communities with both increased minority and low-income populations were found to have lowered their chances of site listing after the executive order, while on the other hand, increases in income led to greater chances of site listing. Of the populations living within 1 mile radius of a Superfund site, 44% of those are minorities despite only being around 37% of the nation's population.

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regulations in 1976. It wasn't until 1981 that the EPA commissioned a study on the lead contamination in this neighborhood and found the same results that had been found a decade earlier. In 1983, the surrounding day cares had to close due to the lead exposure while the lead smelter remained operating. It was later revealed that EPA Deputy Administrator John Hernandez had deliberately stalled the cleanup of the lead-contaminated hot spots. It wasn't until 1993 that the site was declared a Superfund site, and at the time it was one of the largest ones. However, it was not until 2004 when the EPA completed the clean-up efforts and eliminated the lead pollutant sources from the site.

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take into consideration data analysis, managed public participation, and economic opportunity when considering the geography of toxic waste site remediation. Some environmentalists and industry lobbyists saw the Clinton administration's environmental justice policy as an improvement, but the order did not receive bipartisan support. The newly elected Republican Congress made numerous unsuccessful efforts to significantly weaken the program. The Clinton administration then adopted some industry favored reforms as policy and blocked most major changes.

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the fund was empty. Since 2001, most of the funding for cleanups of hazardous waste sites has come from taxpayers. State governments pay 10 percent of cleanup costs in general, and at least 50 percent of cleanup costs if the state operated the facility responsible for contamination. By 2013 federal funding for the program had decreased from $ 2 billion in 1999 to less than $ 1.1 billion (in constant dollars).

1314: 567: 543:(HRS) to calculate a site score (ranging from 0 to 100) based on the actual or potential release of hazardous substances from a site. A score of 28.5 places a site on the National Priorities List, eligible for long-term, remedial action (i.e., cleanup) under the Superfund program. As of March 23, 2022, there were 1,333 sites listed; an additional 448 had been delisted, and 43 new sites have been proposed. 4445: 508:. Of all the sites selected for possible action under this program (and there are tens of thousands across the U.S.), 1178 (as of 2024) remain on the National Priorities List (NPL) that makes them eligible for cleanup under the Superfund program. Sites on the NPL are considered the most highly contaminated and undergo longer-term remedial investigation and remedial action (cleanups). The state of 1162: 1027: 835: 1103:, some of whom had the highest levels of DDT ever recorded in human history. The DDT was found in high levels in Indian Creek, which many residents relied on for sustenance fishing. Although this major health threat to residents of Triana was discovered in 1978, the federal government did not act until 5 years later after the mayor of Triana filed a class-action lawsuit in 1980. 948: 602:. It was recognized that funding would be difficult, since the responsible parties were not easily found, and so the Superfund was established to provide funding through a taxing mechanism on certain industries and to create a comprehensive liability framework to be able to hold a broader range of parties responsible. The initial Superfund 760:(NPL) in the United States and the territories. Remedial action by responsible parties under consent decrees or unilateral administrative orders with EPA oversight may be performed at both NPL and non-NPL sites, commonly called Superfund Alternative Sites in published EPA guidance and policy documents. 1226:

on the Navajo Nation. It was the largest radioactive spill in the US but received a long delay in government response and cleanup after being placed as a lower priority site. Two sets of five-year cleanup plans have been put in place by US Congress, but contamination from the Church Rock incident has

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are those United States federal or state cleanup requirements that, while not "applicable," address problems sufficiently similar to those encountered at the CERCLA site that their use is appropriate. Requirements may be relevant and appropriate if they would be "applicable" except for jurisdictional

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The primary goal of a Superfund cleanup is to reduce the risks to human health through a combination of cleanup, engineered controls like caps and site restrictions such as groundwater use restrictions. A secondary goal is to return the site to productive use as a business, recreation or as a natural

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While the simple and relatively easy sites have been cleaned up, EPA is now addressing a residual number of difficult and massive sites such as large-area mining and sediment sites, which is tying up a significant amount of funding. Also, while the federal government has reserved funding for cleanup

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a requirement by addressing low income populations and minority populations that have experienced disproportionate adverse health and environmental effects as a result of their programs, policies, and activities. The EPA regional offices had to apply required guidelines for its Superfund managers to

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collected the excise tax was 1995. At the end of FY 1996, the invested trust fund balance was $ 6.0 billion. This fund was exhausted by the end of FY 2003. Since that time Superfund sites for which the PRPs could not pay have been paid for from the general fund. Under the 2021 authorization by

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is a long-term action that stops or substantially reduces a release of a hazardous substance that could affect public health or the environment. The term remediation, or cleanup, is sometimes used interchangeably with the terms remedial action, removal action, response action, remedy, or corrective

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alternatives. The preferred alternative is presented in a Proposed Plan for public review and comment, followed by a selected alternative in a ROD. The site then enters into a Remedial Design phase and then the Remedial Action phase. Many sites include long-term monitoring. Once the Remedial Action

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These are typically short-term response actions, where actions may be taken to address releases or threatened releases requiring prompt response. Removal actions are classified as: (1) emergency; (2) time-critical; and (3) non-time critical. Removal responses are generally used to address localized

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Federal actions to address the disproportionate health and environmental disparities that minority and low-income populations face through Executive Order 12898 required federal agencies to make environmental justice central to their programs and policies. Superfund sites have been shown to impact

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Until the mid-1990s, most of the funding came from an excise tax on the petroleum and chemical industries, reflecting the polluter pays principle. Even though by 1995 the Superfund balance had decreased to about $ 4 billion, Congress chose not to reauthorize collection of the tax, and by 2003

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to clean up sites where a polluter could not be identified, could not or would not pay (bankruptcy or refusal), consisted of about $ 1.6 billion and then increased to $ 8.5 billion. Initially, the framework for implementing the program came from the oil and hazardous substances National

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Superfund also authorizes natural resource trustees, which may be federal, state, and/or tribal, to perform a Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA). Natural resource trustees determine and quantify injuries caused to natural resources through either releases of hazardous substances or cleanup

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From 1981 until mid-1983, the CERCLA program suffered from frequent policy shifts and reorganizations, patent abuse by its leadership, and a demoralizing slowdown of Fund expenditures and other cleanup initiatives. Negotiation acquired a bad name during this period because key officials appeared

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Historically about 70 percent of Superfund cleanup activities have been paid for by potentially responsible party (PRPs). When the party either cannot be found or is unable to pay for the cleanup, the Superfund law originally paid for site cleanups through an excise tax on petroleum and chemical

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Upon notification of a potentially hazardous waste site, the EPA conducts a Preliminary Assessment/Site Inspection (PA/SI), which involves records reviews, interviews, visual inspections, and limited field sampling. Information from the PA/SI is used by the EPA to develop a Hazard Ranking System

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is a unilateral administrative order issued by EPA to PRP(s) to perform remedial actions at a Superfund site when the EPA determines there may be an imminent and substantial endangerment to the public health or welfare or the environment because of an actual or threatened release of a hazardous

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These are usually long-term response actions. Remedial actions seek to permanently and significantly reduce the risks associated with releases or threats of releases of hazardous substances, and are generally larger, more expensive actions. They can include measures such as using containment to

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The EPA seeks to identify parties responsible for hazardous substances released to the environment (polluters) and either compel them to clean up the sites, or it may undertake the cleanup on its own using the Superfund (a trust fund) and seek to recover those costs from the responsible parties

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poisoned the surrounding neighborhood, elementary school, and day cares for more than five decades. Dallas city officials were informed in 1972 that children in the proximity of the smelter were being exposed to lead contamination. The city sued the lead smelters in 1974, then reduced its lead

867:(CERCLIS) is a database maintained by the EPA and the states that lists sites where releases may have occurred, must be addressed, or have been addressed. CERCLIS consists of three inventories: the CERCLIS Removal Inventory, the CERCLIS Remedial Inventory, and the CERCLIS Enforcement Inventory. 527:

on petroleum and chemical manufacturers. However, in 1995, Congress chose not to renew this tax and the burden of the cost was shifted to taxpayers in the general public. Since 2001, most of the cleanup of hazardous waste sites has been funded through taxpayers generally. Despite its name, the

1148:, a federally declared Superfund site. The negligence of multiple agencies to adequately clean this site has led Bayview residents to be subject to high rates of pollution and has been tied to high rates of cancer, asthma, and overall higher health hazards than other regions of San Francisco. 825:

Despite the name, the Superfund trust fund has lacked sufficient funds to clean up even a small number of the sites on the NPL. As a result, the EPA typically negotiates consent orders with PRPs to study sites and develop cleanup alternatives, subject to EPA oversight and approval of all such

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is a request by the government for information about a site. It may include general notice to a potentially responsible party that CERCLA-related action may be undertaken at a site for which the recipient may be responsible. This section also authorizes the EPA to enter facilities and obtain

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at Superfund sites. The EPA evaluates the technology and provides an assessment of its potential for future use in Superfund remediation actions. The SITE program consists of four related components: the Demonstration Program, the Emerging Technologies Program, the Monitoring and Measurement

1134:. Community leaders pressed the state for the site to be cleaned up for an entire decade until it was finally detoxified. However, this decontamination did not return the site to its pre-1982 conditions. There has been a call for reparations to the community which has not yet been met. 1274:

of federal facility sites, this clean-up is going much more slowly. The delay is due to a number of reasons, including EPA's limited ability to require performance, difficulty of dealing with Department of Energy radioactive wastes, and the sheer number of federal facility sites.

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The liability scheme of CERCLA changed commercial and industrial real estate, making sellers liable for contamination from past activities, meaning they can't pass liability onto unknowing buyers without any responsibility. Buyers also have to be aware of future liabilities.

929:(NBAR) is a device, established in the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, that allows the EPA to make a nonbinding estimate of the proportional share that each of the various responsible parties at a Superfund site should pay toward the costs of cleanup. 679:

From 2000 to 2015, Congress allocated about $ 1.26 billion of general revenue to the Superfund program each year. Consequently, less than half the number of sites were cleaned up from 2001 to 2008, compared to before. The decrease continued during the

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represents the construction or installation and start-up of those actions necessary to prevent the continued release of hazardous substances (primarily from a source on top of or within the ground, or in buildings or other structures) into the

523:. However, 30% of the time the responsible party either cannot be found or is unable to pay for the cleanup. In these circumstances, taxpayers had been paying for the cleanup operations. Through the 1980s, most of the funding came from an 3766: 5595: 1412:

to calculate a site score (ranging from 0 to 100) based on the actual or potential release of hazardous substances from a site. A score of 28.5 places a site on the National Priorities List, eligible for cleanup under the Superfund

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at uncontrolled waste sites. Under the Superfund program, the EPA and state agencies use the HRS to calculate a site score (ranging from 0 to 100) based on the actual or potential release of hazardous substances from a site through

805:, pollutants, or contaminants. The NCP established the National Priorities List, which appears as Appendix B to the NCP, and serves as EPA's information and management tool. The NPL is updated periodically by federal rulemaking. 5665: 1581: 3637: 5929: 614:, was ineffective, with only 16 of the 799 Superfund sites cleaned up and only $ 40 million of $ 700 million in recoverable funds from responsible parties collected. The mismanagement of the program under 5125: 3761: 902:

information relating to PRPs, hazardous substances releases, and liability, and to order access for CERCLA activities. The 104(e) letter information-gathering resembles written interrogatories in civil litigation.

700:. The new chemical excise tax is effective July 1, 2022, and is double the rate of the previous Superfund tax. The 2021 law also authorized $ 3.5 billion in emergency appropriations from the U.S. government 5649: 5619: 266: 6205: 4668: 558:

ecosystem. Identifying the intended reuse early in the cleanup often results in faster and less expensive cleanups. EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Program provides tools and support for site redevelopment.

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The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) added minimum cleanup requirements in Section 121 and required that most cleanup agreements with polluters be entered in federal court as a

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A national map of Superfund sites. Red indicates currently on final National Priority List, yellow is proposed, green is deleted (usually meaning having been cleaned up). This map is as of October 2013.

6009: 4860: 2857: 196: 1260:(TRI) and Superfund programs. TOXMAP was a resource funded by the US Federal Government. TOXMAP's chemical and environmental health information is taken from NLM's Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET), 5799: 3612: 3472: 6349: 1829:

Holifield, Ryan (2004). "Neoliberalism and Environmental Justice in the United States Environmental Protection Agency: Translating Policy into Managerial Practice in Hazardous Waste Remediation".

6446: 5477: 5093: 4102: 3436: 2479:"Community Call for Environmental Justice for Bayview—Why does the Department of Defense promise to clean up hazardous wastes apply to the Presidio but not to the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard?" 756:

prevent pollutants from migrating, and combinations of removing, treating, or neutralizing toxic substances. These actions can be conducted with federal funding only at sites listed on the EPA

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An act to provide for liability, compensation, cleanup, and emergency response for hazardous substances released into the environment and the cleanup of inactive hazardous waste disposal sites.

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a person who transported a hazardous substance, pollutant or contaminant to a site, who also has selected that site for the disposal of the hazardous substances, pollutants or contaminants.

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still not been completely cleaned up. Today, uranium contamination from mining during the Cold War era remains throughout the Navajo Nation, posing health risks to the Navajo community.

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The RI includes an extensive sampling program and risk assessment that defines the nature and extent of the site contamination and risks. The FS is used to develop and evaluate various

4472: 3317: 3312: 3170: 6734: 6687: 6604: 6592: 6439: 5899: 5743: 5310: 4165: 1343: 1857: 6167: 4499: 3571: 3497: 469: 449: 426: 407: 388: 369: 350: 331: 312: 293: 6512: 6415: 3833: 188: 2543: 6255: 5218: 5035: 4989: 4630: 4609: 3426: 6759: 6385: 6367: 5389: 5102: 4733: 4185: 3828: 3642: 3520: 2850: 851:(HRS) score to determine the CERCLA status of the site. Sites that score high enough to be listed typically proceed to a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS). 261: 2229: 6025: 5985: 4565: 4220: 3371: 618:, Reagan's first chosen Administrator of the agency, led to a congressional investigation and the reauthorization of the program in 1986 through an act amending CERCLA. 5361: 2516: 1778: 726: 6497: 5719: 5627: 5426: 5368: 4579: 3816: 3334: 1013:. A score of 28.5 places the site on the National Priorities List, making the site eligible for long-term remedial action (i.e., cleanup) under the Superfund program. 551: 5484: 5202: 3786: 3339: 2928: 610:

The EPA published the first Hazard Ranking System in 1981, and the first National Priorities List in 1983. Implementation of the program in early years, during the

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As of January 2021, more than 9,000 federally subsidized properties, including ones with hundreds of dwellings, were less than a mile from a Superfund site.

963: 504:(EPA). The program is designed to investigate and clean up sites contaminated with hazardous substances. Sites managed under this program are referred to as 6373: 5689: 5681: 5232: 3845: 3537: 3406: 3144: 2058: 1997: 1980: 4623: 5775: 5767: 5167: 4911: 4616: 2818: 2662: 1253: 6125: 5463: 5398: 5382: 5294: 4492: 3806: 3776: 3699: 3346: 3160: 3078: 3043: 200: 3664: 6088: 5537: 5405: 5174: 4800: 4551: 4526: 4517: 4005: 3973: 3542: 3530: 3361: 3118: 3023: 2983: 1665: 980: 749:

risks such as abandoned drums containing hazardous substances, and contaminated surface soils posing acute risks to human health or the environment.

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has been completed, reviews are required every five years, whenever hazardous substances are left onsite above levels safe for unrestricted use.

1256:(NLM) that was deprecated on December 16, 2019. The application used maps of the United States to help users visually explore data from the EPA 528:

program suffered from under-funding, and by 2014 Superfund NPL cleanups had decreased to only 8 sites, out of over 1,200. In November 2021, the

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Approximately 70% of Superfund cleanup activities historically have been paid for by the potentially responsible parties (PRPs), reflecting the

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Baker, Mary; Domanski, Adam; Hollweg, Terill; Murray, Jason; Lane, Diane; Skrabis, Kristin; Taylor, Robert; Moore, Tom; DiPinto, Lisa (2020).

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As of December 9, 2021, there were 1,322 sites listed; an additional 447 had been delisted, and 51 new sites have been proposed.

512:, the fifth smallest state in the U.S., is the location of about ten percent of the priority Superfund sites, a disproportionate amount. 6675: 6527: 5837: 5783: 5697: 5077: 4846: 4533: 4083: 3995: 3963: 3932: 3927: 3592: 3559: 3324: 3108: 3058: 3038: 3013: 3003: 2988: 2978: 2963: 2943: 2918: 2908: 2898: 2291:"Summary of Executive Order 12898 - Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations" 402: 6397: 6161: 5921: 5859: 5829: 5568: 4149: 3717: 3709: 3632: 3627: 3128: 3103: 3008: 2948: 2923: 2893: 2883: 2747: 2242: 2109: 2092: 2041: 1390: 364: 276: 140: 6230: 6173: 6137: 5969: 5639: 5419: 4832: 3912: 3063: 3018: 2958: 2933: 2888: 2551: 2274: 1813: 1209: 1066: 812:

Determining which sites warrant further investigation to assess the nature and extent of risks to human health and the environment

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the owner or operator of a site at the time that disposal of a hazardous substance, pollutant or contaminant occurred;

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The Wrong Complexion for Protection: How the Government Response To Disaster Endangers African American Communities

1934: 1377: 1183: 1131: 1044: 345: 307: 24: 4978: 4890: 1191: 1176: 1037: 6610: 6547: 6426: 6409: 6279: 6185: 6149: 5338: 5063: 4364: 4314: 4051: 3669: 855: 735: 489: 4763: 4756: 39: 6724: 6698: 6693: 6630: 5953: 5181: 5109: 4793: 4352: 3821: 3647: 3597: 2793: 1476:"Restoration scaling approaches to addressing ecological injury: the habitat-based resource equivalency method" 1257: 1100: 757: 716: 842: 2644: 421: 6478: 6285: 5188: 4941: 4825: 4816: 4073: 2869: 1638: 1123: 712: 520: 509: 4839: 2497: 95: 5440: 4998: 4276: 4141: 2209: 579: 6143: 2759: 2388: 1946: 288: 6598: 6587: 6472: 6465: 6179: 6055: 5587: 5375: 5070: 4904: 4448: 4388: 4370: 4118: 3622: 3566: 3554: 3482: 3411: 3199: 2714: 1529: 1127: 786:

a person who arranged for the disposal of a hazardous substance, pollutant or contaminant at a site; and

676:. It was the first time the agency dealt with a biological release rather than a chemical or oil spill. 652: 540: 473: 460: 453: 430: 411: 392: 373: 354: 335: 316: 297: 6131: 1916:"The Anthrax Cleanup of Capitol Hill." Documentary by Xin Wang produced by the EPA Alumni Association. 1556:

https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/environmental-restoration/natural-resource-damage-assessment.html

1475: 1460: 1422: 2630: 6681: 5807: 5759: 4809: 4779: 4660: 4376: 4210: 4039: 3416: 3256: 2658: 2586: 1921: 1695: 1305: 681: 673: 615: 1884:(Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO). September 2015. GAO-15-812. 1582:"Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program in Indian Country | Indian Affairs" 6764: 6577: 6572: 6094: 5579: 4786: 4537: 4382: 4320: 4308: 4205: 3739: 3727: 3689: 3459: 3401: 3248: 2806: 2517:"Church Rock, America's Forgotten Nuclear Disaster, Is Still Poisoning Navajo Lands 40 Years Later" 1879:

Superfund: Trends in Federal Funding and Cleanup of EPA's Nonfederal National Priorities List Sites

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EPA. "Part 300—National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; Definitions."

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This article is about the law regarding toxic waste. For the managed futures fund company, see

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United States. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980.

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The Hazard Ranking System is a scoring system used to evaluate potential relative risks to

886:(RQ) is the minimum quantity of a hazardous substance which, if released, must be reported. 532:

reauthorized an excise tax on chemical manufacturers, for ten years starting in July 2022.

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In November 2021 Congress reauthorized an excise tax on chemical manufacturers, under the

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CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund)

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In 2001 EPA used funds from the Superfund program to institute the cleanup of anthrax on

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movement. PCBs were illegally dumped into the community and then it eventually became a

6650: 3744: 3421: 2835: 2826: 2607: 2574: 2389:"Thousands of U.S. Public Housing Residents Live in the Country's Most Polluted Places" 2365: 2332: 911: 628: 414: 395: 376: 338: 300: 229: 209: 2078: 1313: 984:

Congress, collection of excise taxes from chemical manufacturers will resume in 2022.

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The identification of a site for the NPL is intended primarily to guide the EPA in:

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9605(a)(NCP). The NCP guides how to respond to releases and threatened releases of

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Los Angeles County Flood Control District v. Natural Resources Defense Council

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Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978

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Failed Promises: The Federal Government's Response to Environmental Inequality

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Superfund: A Half Century of Progress, a report by the EPA Alumni Association

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Notifying the public of sites, the EPA believes warrant further investigation

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Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980

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Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980

6119: 4932: 4925: 2575:"Mining and Environmental Health Disparities in Native American Communities" 2153:(Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Congressional Research Service. 97-312 ENR. 1353: 776:. Four classes of PRPs may be liable for contamination at a Superfund site: 688:

Superfund cleanups decreased even more from 20 in 2009 to a mere 8 in 2014.

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Notifying PRPs that the EPA may initiate CERCLA-financed remedial action.

772:

under CERCLA for the contamination or misuse of a particular property or

599: 169:

in the House as "Hazardous Waste Containment Act of 1980" (H.R. 7020) by

2429:

Braithwaite, Ronald L.; Taylor, Sandra E.; Treadwell, Henrie M. (2009).

114: 3638:

Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978

2460:"Hunter's Point Shipyard: Ex Workers Say Fraud Rampant at Navy Cleanup" 1759: 1051: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 55: 1641:

December 2015, 80 pp, The Center for Health, Environment & Justice

1639:

Superfund Polluters Pay So Children Can Play. 35th Anniversary Report.

635:

between industry and the Reagan-era EPA that Congress had discovered.

5666:

Baltimore Gas & Electric Co. v. Natural Resources Defense Council

2821: 2348: 1530:

https://www.epa.gov/superfund/natural-resource-damages-eras-and-nrdas

1261: 1245: 5126:

Federal Employees Liability Reform and Tort Compensation Act of 1988

3762:

Nuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980

2775: 1966:(Report). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. IF11982. 1751: 815:

Identifying what CERCLA-financed remedial actions may be appropriate

2573:

Lewis, Johnnye; Hoover, Joseph; MacKenzie, Debra (April 26, 2017).

2544:"EPA budget cuts threaten to slow uranium cleanup at Navajo Nation" 1765:

willing to negotiate unduly generous cleanup terms with site users.

5454: 1358: 1140:, a historically African American community, has faced persistent 946: 875: 841: 725: 711: 565: 267:

Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act

6206:

Scenic Hudson Preservation Conference v. Federal Power Commission

1425:

on the website of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

2753: 799:

National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan

5892:

Weyerhaeuser Company v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service

5876:

Babbitt v. Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a Great Oregon

5533: 4481: 3195: 3191: 2839: 1901:"Superfund Program: Updated Appropriation and Expenditure Data" 1736:"Negotiation and Informal Agency Action: The Case of Superfund" 1235:

The data in the Superfund Program are available to the public.

6010:

National Association of Manufacturers v. Department of Defense

5962:

National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife

5884:

National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife

5800:

HollyFrontier Cheyenne Refining v. Renewable Fuels Association

1155: 1096: 1020: 1962:

Cilluffo, Anthony A.; Bearden, David M. (November 29, 2021).

1252:

from the Division of Specialized Information Services of the

631:

subject to public comment (section 122). This was to address

5478:

Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act

5094:

Emergency Food Assistance and Soup Kitchen-Food Bank Program

2770: 2688: 1542: 996:

and the environment from releases or threatened releases of

5978:

Coeur Alaska, Inc. v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council

5946:

S. D. Warren Co. v. Maine Board of Environmental Protection

5938:

South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe

2333:"Superfund: Evaluating the Impact of Executive Order 12898" 651:

12898, which called for federal agencies to make achieving

2666: 262:

Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986

6626:

National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

879:

Technologies Program, and Technology Transfer activities.

5658:

Metropolitan Edison Co. v. People Against Nuclear Energy

5226:

Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act

1610:"Superfund: 20th Anniversary Report: A Series of Firsts" 1517:

https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-43/subtitle-A/part-11

768:(PRP) is a possible polluter who may eventually be held 1933:

United States. Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.

1690:

An Interview with Lee Thomas, EPA's 6th Administrator.

5900:

United States Fish and Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club

5744:

Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation v. EPA

5620:

Friends of the Earth v. Laidlaw Environmental Services

5311:

Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985

2149:

Reisch, Mark; Bearden, David Michael (March 3, 1997).

1489:(2). Environmental Management, 65, 161-177.: 161–177. 1344:

National Oil and Hazardous Substances Contingency Plan

1858:"Congress forgoes its bid to hasten cleanup of dumps" 704:

for hazardous site cleanups in the immediate future.

684:, and since under the direction of EPA Administrator 6416:

Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992

5196:

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986

3834:

Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement

1110:, a mostly African American and Latino community, a 258:

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986

6536: 6488: 6256:

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

6070: 6036: 5910: 5848: 5818: 5708: 5638: 5567: 5263: 5219:

Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act

4988: 4732: 4642: 4516: 4339: 4286: 4249: 4184: 4092: 4020: 3941: 3920: 3911: 3858: 3775: 3708: 3580: 3513: 3370: 3267: 3151: 3137: 2876: 1796:Konisky, David M. (2015). Konisky, David M. (ed.). 1091:In 1978, residents of the rural black community of 275: 249: 153: 133: 125: 120: 101: 91: 86: 75: 67: 54: 46: 6386:Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act 5390:Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services Waivers 5103:Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act 3829:Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 3643:Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council 1935: 1378: 1126:cases and is often pointed to as the roots of the 6440:Coalition for Responsible Regulation, Inc. v. EPA 4221:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 2730:"High Court Limits Liability in Superfund Cases." 741:CERCLA authorizes two kinds of response actions: 403:Burlington N. & S. F. R. Co. v. United States 6498:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 6262:Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act 5628:BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore 5427:Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 5369:Interest and Dividend Tax Compliance Act of 1983 3817:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 2776:National Priorities List of Hazardous Substances 2771:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 1455: 1453: 552:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 365:Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Aviall Services, Inc. 6740:United States federal environmental legislation 5485:Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988 5203:Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 3787:Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act 2725:(Report). EPA. November 1992. EPA 540-R-92-026. 2645:"Superfund Policy, Reports and Other Documents" 2221: 2219: 2210:"CERCLA and EPCRA Continuous Release Reporting" 1964:Superfund Tax Legislation in the 117th Congress 6508:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 5752:Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen 5674:Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen 2263:Switzer, Carole Stern; Bulan, Lynn A. (2002). 1957: 1955: 6735:United States Environmental Protection Agency 6518:United States Environmental Protection Agency 6168:Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act 5545: 4877:Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of 1983 4493: 3207: 2851: 1569:https://www.doi.gov/restoration/statetrustees 1242:Superfund Policy, Reports and Other Documents 938:restrictions associated with the requirement. 797:The CERCLA also required the revision of the 8: 5728:Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council 5362:Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act 3685:Tax Reduction and Simplification Act of 1977 3572:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2691:. United States National Library of Medicine 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2073: 2071: 1087:Case studies in African American communities 964:List of Superfund sites in the United States 32: 6374:Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act 5690:Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council 5682:Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance 3846:Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act 3538:Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 3407:International Emergency Economic Powers Act 2631:"Search for Superfund Sites Where You Live" 1190:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1152:Case studies in Native American communities 1144:due to the poor remediation efforts of the 914:and daily fines if the order is not obeyed. 6368:Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act 5776:American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut 5768:Environmental Defense v. Duke Energy Corp. 5720:Train v. Natural Resources Defense Council 5635: 5552: 5538: 5530: 5189:Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986 5168:National Appliance Energy Conservation Act 4912:Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 4639: 4500: 4486: 4478: 3917: 3367: 3214: 3200: 3192: 2858: 2844: 2836: 2663:United States National Library of Medicine 2258: 2256: 1949:Section 80201. Approved November 15, 2021. 1895: 1893: 1891: 1423:Superfund: National Priorities List (NPL) 1254:United States National Library of Medicine 872:Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation 780:the current owner or operator of the site; 516:through settlements or other legal means. 6760:Environmental issues in the United States 6126:North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 6095:Forest Service Organic Administration Act 5736:Whitman v. American Trucking Associations 5464:Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act 5399:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 5383:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 5295:Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation 4963:Israel–United States Free Trade Agreement 4956:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement 3807:Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978 3700:Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980 3437:Support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War 2748:Common Chemicals found at Superfund Sites 2715:"Superfund Program Implementation Manual" 2606: 2364: 1210:Learn how and when to remove this message 1067:Learn how and when to remove this message 6089:Yellowstone National Park Protection Act 5406:Railroad Retirement Solvency Act of 1983 5175:National Fishing Enhancement Act of 1984 4471:) is being considered for deletion. See 4045:Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project 3841:Three Mile Island accident investigation 3543:Department of Education Organization Act 2418:. New York: NYU Press. pp. 100–125. 1873: 1871: 1856:Cushman, John H. Jr. (October 6, 1994). 1777:Weisskopf, Michael (November 16, 1986). 1445:"Superfund: A Half Century of Progress." 833: 384:United States v. Atlantic Research Corp. 6523:United States Fish and Wildlife Service 5304:Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 5254:Water Resources Development Act of 1988 5247:Water Resources Development Act of 1986 5057:Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 3750:National Energy Conservation Policy Act 2151:Superfund Fact Book: Superfund Glossary 1806:10.7551/mitpress/9780262028837.001.0001 1779:"Toxic-Waste Site Awash in Misjudgment" 1633: 1631: 1369: 927:nonbinding allocation of responsibility 6616:National Ambient Air Quality Standards 6459:Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act 6356:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 6344:Hazardous Materials Transportation Act 6018:County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund 5029:Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act 5020:Office of National Drug Control Policy 3755:Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act 2437:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 179. 2331:O'Neil, Sandra George (July 1, 2007). 1339:Hazardous Materials Transportation Act 910:substance from a facility, subject to 698:Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act 530:Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act 500:). The program is administered by the 31: 6704:Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action 6225:Environmental Quality Improvement Act 6002:Army Corps of Engineers v. Hawkes Co. 5612:Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation 5471:Surface Transportation Assistance Act 5210:The Emergency Food Assistance Program 5087:Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 4972:Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act 4271:Jimmy Carter National Historical Park 4057:Jimmy Carter National Historical Park 3505:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 3493:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act 2723:Hazard Ranking System Guidance Manual 2431:"African Americans on the Front Line" 2269:. Chicago: American Bar Association. 2250:. "Information Gathering and Access." 1461:"Superfund: National Priorities List" 1349:Phase I Environmental Site Assessment 935:Relevant and appropriate requirements 582:in 1980 in response to the threat of 189:House Interstate and Foreign Commerce 7: 6433:Energy Independence and Security Act 6404:National Environmental Education Act 5332:Extra-Long Staple Cotton Act of 1983 5043:Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 3723:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 3665:Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act 2659:"SIS Specialized Information System" 2435:Health Issues in the Black Community 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1188:adding citations to reliable sources 1138:Bayview-Hunters Point, San Francisco 1049:adding citations to reliable sources 6676:Significant New Alternatives Policy 6528:U.S. Global Change Research Program 5838:Southern Union Co. v. United States 5784:Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA 5698:Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms 5078:United States Sentencing Commission 4084:Continuity of Government Commission 3593:Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1980 3560:Federal Emergency Management Agency 2515:Gilbert, Samuel (August 12, 2019). 2182:"Superfund Site Assessment Process" 1447:EPA Alumni Association. March 2016. 1408:The EPA and state agencies use the 1335:- Environmental restoration program 1250:Geographic Information System (GIS) 1095:were found to be contaminated with 6453:America's Water Infrastructure Act 6443:(D.C. Cir. Court of Appeals, 2012) 6162:Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act 5922:United States v. Riverside Bayview 5860:Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill 5830:City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey 4150:We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land 3633:Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977 3628:Fair Debt Collection Practices Act 3447:Iran–United States Claims Tribunal 2542:Spanne, Autumn (August 21, 2017). 2097:9606, 9622 § 9604, 9606, 9622 1940:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 1383:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 1264:, and other authoritative sources. 574:check the status of a cleanup site 14: 6469:(5th Cir. Court of Appeals, 2022) 6231:National Environmental Policy Act 6209:(2nd Cir. Court of Appeals, 1965) 5970:Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper Inc. 5930:SWANCC v. Army Corps of Engineers 5420:Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 4475:to help reach a consensus. › 3427:Engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini 2477:Nuru, Mohammed (April 13, 2000). 2337:Environmental Health Perspectives 1596:"Superfund Redevelopment Program" 1443:Thomas Voltaggio and John Adams. 846:Superfund site assessment process 327:Key Tronic Corp. v. United States 6656:Presidential Climate Action Plan 6636:New Source Performance Standards 6503:Council on Environmental Quality 6392:Emergency Wetlands Resources Act 5325:Expedited Funds Availability Act 5274:Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 5119:Emergency Wetlands Resources Act 4884:Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act 4869:We begin bombing in five minutes 4444: 4443: 3797:Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 3675:National Aquaculture Act of 1980 3660:Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 3526:Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 1637:Kaley Beins and Stephen Lester. 1312: 1298: 1284: 1160: 1025: 639:Environmental justice initiative 226:House agreed to Senate amendment 38: 6292:Water Resources Development Act 6249:Coastal Zone Management Program 5561:United States environmental law 5281:Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 4236:Carter–Menil Human Rights Prize 4062:Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter House 4035:Presidential Library and Museum 3468:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 3454:Diplomatic relations with China 2822:Statute Compilations collection 1734:Anderson, Frederick R. (1985). 1036:needs additional citations for 951:Polluted Martin's Creek on the 502:Environmental Protection Agency 441:Atlantic Richfield v. Christian 6730:Pollution in the United States 6583:Environmental impact statement 6563:Corporate average fuel economy 6447:Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act 5868:Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife 5353:Dairy Export Incentive Program 4127:Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid 3653:Right to Financial Privacy Act 3588:Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 3357:Solar power at the White House 3238:President of the United States 2458:Dineen, J.K. (June 29, 2017). 2091:CERCLA sections 104, 106, 122 1843:10.1016/j.geoforum.2003.11.003 1800:. MIT Press. pp. 29, 56. 1389:, approved December 11, 1980. 1224:Church Rock uranium mill spill 1: 5448:Low-Income Housing Tax Credit 5434:Katie Beckett Medicaid waiver 5376:Internal Revenue Code of 1986 5318:Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 5288:Agriculture Mediation Program 5140:Hunger Prevention Act of 1988 5050:Coastal Barrier Resources Act 4324:(2002 television documentary) 4201:Presidential Medal of Freedom 2827:Hazardous Substance Superfund 2165:"FY 2016 EPA Budget in Brief" 1122:is one of the most prominent 1120:Warren County, North Carolina 766:potentially responsible party 692:Reauthorization of excise tax 308:Pennsylvania v. Union Gas Co. 6362:Toxic Substances Control Act 5492:Video Privacy Protection Act 5346:Conservation Reserve Program 4949:Trade and Tariff Act of 1984 4854:Strategic Defense Initiative 4277:Georgia State Capitol statue 3695:Trade Agreements Act of 1979 3618:Electronic Fund Transfer Act 3548:U.S. Department of Education 3478:1980 Summer Olympics boycott 2496:Davis, Lisa (May 21, 2003). 2314:Boston University Law Review 2227:Code of Federal Regulations, 1977:Code of Federal Regulations, 1146:San Francisco Naval Shipyard 1142:environmental discrimination 1017:Environmental discrimination 612:Ronald Reagan administration 208:on September 23, 1980 ( 6755:96th United States Congress 6621:National Climate Assessment 6568:Discharge Monitoring Report 6421:Food Quality Protection Act 6243:Coastal Zone Management Act 5161:Minerals Management Service 5013:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 5006:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 4509:Presidency of Ronald Reagan 4468:Presidency of Ronald Reagan 4415:(first cousin once removed) 3733:Synthetic Fuels Corporation 2802:US House of Representatives 1924:(see p 3, 4). May 12, 2015. 1410:Hazard Ranking System (HRS) 1333:Formerly Used Defense Sites 719:dredging operations on the 492:program established by the 488:is a United States federal 277:United States Supreme Court 218:on November 24, 1980 ( 81:96th United States Congress 6781: 6398:Global Change Research Act 6048:United States v. Bestfoods 5154:Medical Waste Tracking Act 5147:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 4631:Presidential proclamations 4257:Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue 4216:Philadelphia Liberty Medal 3881:State of the Union Address 3792:Antarctic Conservation Act 3608:Community Reinvestment Act 2870:sites in the United States 2633:. EPA. September 15, 2021. 2297:. EPA. September 17, 2018. 1709:"Superfund: SARA Overview" 1698:(see p12). April 19, 2012. 1495:10.1007/s00267-019-01245-9 981:Department of the Treasury 961: 346:United States v. Bestfoods 228:on December 3, 1980 ( 25:Superfund (disambiguation) 18: 6671:Section 608 Certification 6611:Maximum contaminant level 6548:Best available technology 6194:(1963, 1970, 1977, 1990) 6174:Air Pollution Control Act 6138:Migratory Bird Treaty Act 5501: 5339:Food Security Act of 1985 5240:Water Quality Act of 1987 5064:Armed Career Criminal Act 4669:Joint session of Congress 4422: 3718:U.S. Department of Energy 3670:Motor Carrier Act of 1980 3390:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 3229: 2599:10.1007/s40572-017-0140-5 2308:Crawford, Collin (1994). 1906:. GAO. February 18, 2004. 1543:https://www.fws.gov/nrdar 865:CERCLA information system 736:Pittsfield, Massachusetts 490:environmental remediation 283: 254: 162: 37: 6699:Toxicity category rating 6694:Total maximum daily load 6631:National Priorities List 6513:Office of Surface Mining 6338:Federal Noxious Weed Act 6239:(1972, 1977, 1987, 2014) 6213:Solid Waste Disposal Act 5954:Rapanos v. United States 5182:Nuclear Waste Policy Act 5110:Toxics Release Inventory 4473:templates for discussion 3822:National Priorities List 3648:National security letter 3598:Airline Deregulation Act 3531:Senior Executive Service 3397:Torrijos–Carter Treaties 3171:Northern Mariana Islands 2760:Superfund sites by state 2550:. Reveal. Archived from 2414:Bullard, Robert (2012). 2212:. EPA. December 8, 2021. 2184:. EPA. February 5, 2021. 2081:. EPA. February 9, 2021. 2013:CERCLA section 107(a)(1) 1666:"Not So Super Superfund" 1483:Environmental Management 1258:Toxics Release Inventory 758:National Priorities List 6745:1980 in the environment 6661:Renewable Fuel Standard 6479:Inflation Reduction Act 6286:Safe Drinking Water Act 5508:← Carter administration 4942:American Homecoming Act 4826:Constructive engagement 4589:Administration scandals 4134:reaction and commentary 4074:Nairobi Agreement, 1999 3866:Moral Equivalent of War 3802:Clean Water Act of 1977 2647:. EPA. January 6, 2021. 2196:"Hazard Ranking System" 2079:"Basic NPL Information" 1124:environmental injustice 1118:The Afton community of 586:sites, typified by the 521:polluter pays principle 422:CTS Corp. v. Waldburger 185:Committee consideration 6274:Endangered Species Act 6219:Endangered Species Act 6101:Rivers and Harbors Act 5650:United States v. SCRAP 5596:Vermont Yankee v. NRDC 5441:Tax Reform Act of 1986 4661:"Tear down this wall!" 4142:Beyond the White House 3991:running mate selection 3959:running mate selection 3876:A Crisis of Confidence 2717:. EPA. April 29, 2022. 2295:Laws & Regulations 2198:. EPA. March 22, 2022. 959: 847: 839: 738: 723: 578:CERCLA was enacted by 575: 23:. For other uses, see 6599:Executive Order 13990 6593:Executive Order 13432 6588:Environmental justice 6473:CHIPS and Science Act 6180:Fish and Wildlife Act 6056:Guam v. United States 5588:Sierra Club v. Morton 5517:Bush administration → 5071:Sentencing Reform Act 4979:Exon–Florio Amendment 4905:Executive Order 12333 4891:Goldwater–Nichols Act 4566:Judicial appointments 4552:Assassination attempt 4389:Ruth Carter Stapleton 4371:James Earl Carter Sr. 4119:Our Endangered Values 3623:Executive Order 12086 3567:Executive Order 12172 3555:Executive Order 12148 3483:Executive Order 12036 3412:Executive Order 12170 3335:Judicial appointments 3257:Georgia State Senator 2794:42 U.S.C. chapter 103 2781:42 U.S.C. chapter 103 1711:. EPA. Archived from 1612:. EPA. Archived from 1239:Superfund Site Search 1128:environmental justice 988:Hazard Ranking System 950: 899:section 104(e) letter 891:source control action 845: 837: 729: 715: 660:Decline of excise tax 653:environmental justice 569: 541:Hazard Ranking System 461:Guam v. United States 6750:1980 in American law 6682:State of the Climate 6350:Magnuson–Stevens Act 6156:McSweeney-McNary Act 5808:West Virginia v. EPA 5760:Massachusetts v. EPA 4999:AIDS crisis response 4773:Soviet Union summits 4377:Lillian Gordy Carter 4211:Silver Buffalo Award 4040:Habitat for Humanity 3417:Operation Eagle Claw 2817:) as amended in the 2579:Springer Open Choice 1715:on September 7, 2010 1654:. EPA. May 15, 2017. 1616:on September 9, 2010 1306:United States portal 1184:improve this section 1045:improve this article 803:hazardous substances 682:Obama administration 674:2001 anthrax attacks 616:Anne Gorsuch Burford 242:on December 11, 1980 193:House Ways and Means 6646:Not-To-Exceed (NTE) 6578:Environmental crime 6573:Effluent guidelines 6334:, 2014, 2016, 2022) 6074:federal legislation 5580:Missouri v. Holland 5233:1982 VRA Amendments 4861:International trips 4833:Invasion of Grenada 4603:Impeachment efforts 4545:Second inauguration 4538:Release of hostages 4383:Gloria Carter Spann 4206:Freedom of the City 3871:Island of Stability 3740:National Energy Act 3728:Energy Security Act 3690:Revenue Act of 1978 3473:International trips 3460:Goldwater v. Carter 3402:Iran hostage crisis 3325:Political positions 3249:Governor of Georgia 3181:U.S. Virgin Islands 2591:2017CEHR....4..130L 2554:on February 8, 2022 1783:The Washington Post 1652:"Superfund History" 1598:. December 8, 2021. 1222:One example is the 884:reportable quantity 596:Valley of the Drums 550:CERCLA created the 289:Exxon Corp. v. Hunt 156:Legislative history 34: 6466:Louisiana v. Biden 6380:CERCLA (Superfund) 6288:(1974, 1986, 1996) 5604:Hughes v. Oklahoma 4840:Iran–Contra affair 4534:First inauguration 4332:(2007 documentary) 4103:Everything to Gain 4079:One America Appeal 3385:Camp David Accords 2798:United States Code 2785:United States Code 2395:. January 13, 2021 2040:CERCLA 107(a)(4); 1862:The New York Times 1672:. February 7, 1994 1670:The New York Times 1292:Environment portal 1108:West Dallas, Texas 979:(FY) in which the 960: 957:Edison, New Jersey 955:Superfund site in 848: 840: 739: 724: 643:In 1994 President 607:Contingency Plan. 576: 197:Senate Environment 181:) on April 2, 1980 129:42 (Public Health) 16:US federal program 6712: 6711: 6641:New Source Review 6427:Energy Policy Act 6410:Oil Pollution Act 6280:Oil Pollution Act 6268:Noise Control Act 6198:Acid Rain Program 6186:Oil Pollution Act 6150:Oil Pollution Act 6144:Clarke–McNary Act 6066: 6065: 6026:Sackett v. EPA II 5527: 5526: 4898:Montreal Protocol 4728: 4727: 4719:1988 SOTU Address 4712:1987 SOTU Address 4705:1986 SOTU Address 4698:1985 SOTU Address 4691:1984 SOTU Address 4684:1983 SOTU Address 4677:1982 SOTU Address 4617:Executive actions 4458: 4457: 4231:Christopher Award 4196:Nobel Peace Prize 4158:White House Diary 4111:The Hornet's Nest 4016: 4015: 3854: 3853: 3680:Staggers Rail Act 3362:Reagan transition 3347:Executive Actions 3189: 3188: 2754:Superfund Program 2669:on March 21, 2019 2444:978-0-47055-266-7 1269:Future challenges 1220: 1219: 1212: 1077: 1076: 1069: 919:remedial response 907:section 106 order 753:Remedial actions. 539:agencies use the 483: 482: 216:Passed the Senate 104:Statutes at Large 6772: 6558:Clean Power Plan 6490:Federal agencies 6132:Weeks–McLean Act 5986:Sackett v. EPA I 5636: 5554: 5547: 5540: 5531: 5520: 5511: 5494: 5487: 5480: 5473: 5466: 5457: 5450: 5443: 5436: 5429: 5422: 5415: 5408: 5401: 5392: 5385: 5378: 5371: 5364: 5355: 5348: 5341: 5334: 5327: 5320: 5313: 5306: 5297: 5290: 5283: 5276: 5256: 5249: 5242: 5235: 5228: 5221: 5212: 5205: 5198: 5191: 5184: 5177: 5170: 5163: 5156: 5149: 5142: 5135: 5133:Grace Commission 5128: 5121: 5112: 5105: 5096: 5089: 5080: 5073: 5066: 5059: 5052: 5045: 5038: 5031: 5022: 5015: 5008: 5001: 4981: 4974: 4965: 4958: 4951: 4944: 4935: 4928: 4921: 4914: 4907: 4900: 4893: 4886: 4879: 4872: 4863: 4856: 4849: 4842: 4835: 4828: 4819: 4817:Governors Island 4812: 4803: 4796: 4789: 4782: 4775: 4766: 4759: 4752: 4745: 4721: 4714: 4707: 4700: 4693: 4686: 4679: 4672: 4664: 4656: 4640: 4633: 4626: 4624:Executive orders 4619: 4612: 4605: 4598: 4591: 4582: 4575: 4568: 4561: 4554: 4547: 4540: 4529: 4502: 4495: 4488: 4479: 4447: 4446: 4166:A Call to Action 3918: 3368: 3260: 3252: 3241: 3216: 3209: 3202: 3193: 3145:Washington, D.C. 3139:Federal district 2860: 2853: 2846: 2837: 2796:(CERCLA) of the 2783:(CERCLA) of the 2726: 2718: 2701: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2665:. Archived from 2655: 2649: 2648: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2610: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2474: 2468: 2467: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2426: 2420: 2419: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2368: 2349:10.1289/ehp.9903 2343:(7): 1087–1093. 2328: 2322: 2321: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2287: 2281: 2280: 2260: 2251: 2249: 2238: 2232: 2223: 2214: 2213: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2146: 2121: 2106: 2100: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2075: 2066: 2064: 2055: 2049: 2038: 2032: 2031:CERCLA 107(a)(3) 2029: 2023: 2022:CERCLA 107(a)(2) 2020: 2014: 2011: 2005: 2003: 1994: 1988: 1986: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1959: 1950: 1941: 1937: 1931: 1925: 1914: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1897: 1886: 1885: 1883: 1875: 1866: 1865: 1853: 1847: 1846: 1826: 1820: 1819: 1793: 1787: 1786: 1774: 1768: 1767: 1740:Duke Law Journal 1731: 1725: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1705: 1699: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1662: 1656: 1655: 1648: 1642: 1635: 1626: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1606: 1600: 1599: 1592: 1586: 1585: 1578: 1572: 1565: 1559: 1552: 1546: 1539: 1533: 1526: 1520: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1480: 1471: 1465: 1464: 1457: 1448: 1441: 1426: 1420: 1414: 1406: 1400: 1384: 1380: 1374: 1322: 1317: 1316: 1308: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1294: 1289: 1288: 1215: 1208: 1204: 1201: 1195: 1164: 1156: 1072: 1065: 1061: 1058: 1052: 1029: 1021: 998:hazardous wastes 977:full fiscal year 953:Kin-Buc Landfill 746:Removal actions. 732:Housatonic River 633:sweetheart deals 250:Major amendments 222:) with amendment 206:Passed the House 158: 137:sections created 105: 60: 42: 35: 6780: 6779: 6775: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6770: 6769: 6725:Superfund sites 6715: 6714: 6713: 6708: 6540: 6532: 6484: 6237:Clean Water Act 6081: 6080:and lower court 6079: 6077: 6072: 6062: 6032: 5906: 5844: 5814: 5792:Michigan v. EPA 5704: 5634: 5571: 5563: 5558: 5528: 5523: 5514: 5505: 5497: 5490: 5483: 5476: 5469: 5462: 5453: 5446: 5439: 5432: 5425: 5418: 5413:Reagan tax cuts 5411: 5404: 5397: 5388: 5381: 5374: 5367: 5360: 5351: 5344: 5337: 5330: 5323: 5316: 5309: 5302: 5293: 5286: 5279: 5272: 5265:Economic policy 5259: 5252: 5245: 5238: 5231: 5224: 5217: 5208: 5201: 5194: 5187: 5180: 5173: 5166: 5159: 5152: 5145: 5138: 5131: 5124: 5117: 5108: 5101: 5092: 5085: 5076: 5069: 5062: 5055: 5048: 5041: 5036:Cannabis policy 5034: 5027: 5018: 5011: 5004: 4997: 4990:Domestic policy 4984: 4977: 4970: 4961: 4954: 4947: 4940: 4931: 4924: 4917: 4910: 4903: 4896: 4889: 4882: 4875: 4866: 4859: 4852: 4845: 4838: 4831: 4824: 4815: 4808: 4799: 4792: 4785: 4778: 4771: 4762: 4755: 4748: 4743:Reagan Doctrine 4741: 4724: 4717: 4710: 4703: 4696: 4689: 4682: 4675: 4667: 4659: 4651: 4638: 4629: 4622: 4615: 4610:Opinion polling 4608: 4601: 4596:Bush transition 4594: 4587: 4578: 4571: 4564: 4557: 4550: 4543: 4532: 4525: 4512: 4506: 4476: 4459: 4454: 4435:Ronald Reagan → 4418: 4413:Hugh Carter Jr. 4347:Rosalynn Carter 4335: 4329:Man from Plains 4282: 4245: 4187: 4180: 4088: 4022:Post-presidency 4012: 3937: 3907: 3850: 3778: 3771: 3704: 3581:Economic policy 3576: 3521:Cannabis policy 3514:Domestic policy 3509: 3442:Algiers Accords 3432:1979 oil crisis 3380:Carter Doctrine 3366: 3352:Rabbit incident 3271: 3263: 3255: 3244: 3233: 3225: 3220: 3190: 3185: 3147: 3133: 2872: 2864: 2831:USAspending.gov 2744: 2739: 2734:New York Times, 2721: 2713: 2709: 2707:Further reading 2704: 2694: 2692: 2687: 2686: 2682: 2672: 2670: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2557: 2555: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2526: 2524: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2476: 2475: 2471: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2445: 2428: 2427: 2423: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2398: 2396: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2330: 2329: 2325: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2277: 2262: 2261: 2254: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2224: 2217: 2208: 2207: 2203: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2180: 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730:Cleanup of the 710: 694: 662: 649:Executive Order 641: 624: 622:1986 amendments 584:hazardous waste 564: 506:Superfund sites 479: 271: 245: 236:Signed into law 154: 103: 76:Enacted by 58: 28: 21:Superfund Group 17: 12: 11: 5: 6778: 6776: 6768: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6717: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6688:Tailoring Rule 6685: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6651:PACE financing 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6602: 6596: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6544: 6542: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6494: 6492: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6482: 6476: 6470: 6462: 6456: 6450: 6444: 6436: 6430: 6424: 6418: 6413: 6407: 6401: 6395: 6389: 6383: 6377: 6371: 6365: 6359: 6353: 6347: 6341: 6335: 6289: 6283: 6277: 6271: 6265: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6251: 6240: 6234: 6228: 6222: 6216: 6210: 6202: 6201: 6200: 6189: 6183: 6177: 6171: 6165: 6159: 6153: 6147: 6141: 6135: 6129: 6123: 6117: 6111: 6110: 6109: 6098: 6092: 6085: 6083: 6068: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6060: 6052: 6043: 6041: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6030: 6022: 6014: 6006: 5998: 5990: 5982: 5974: 5966: 5958: 5950: 5942: 5934: 5926: 5917: 5915: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5896: 5888: 5880: 5872: 5864: 5855: 5853: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5842: 5834: 5825: 5823: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5812: 5804: 5796: 5788: 5780: 5772: 5764: 5756: 5748: 5740: 5732: 5724: 5715: 5713: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5694: 5686: 5678: 5670: 5662: 5654: 5645: 5643: 5633: 5632: 5624: 5616: 5608: 5600: 5592: 5584: 5575: 5573: 5565: 5564: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5549: 5542: 5534: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5521: 5512: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5488: 5481: 5474: 5467: 5460: 5459: 5458: 5451: 5444: 5437: 5430: 5423: 5409: 5402: 5395: 5394: 5393: 5379: 5372: 5365: 5358: 5357: 5356: 5349: 5335: 5328: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5300: 5299: 5298: 5291: 5277: 5269: 5267: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5257: 5250: 5243: 5236: 5229: 5222: 5215: 5214: 5213: 5199: 5192: 5185: 5178: 5171: 5164: 5157: 5150: 5143: 5136: 5129: 5122: 5115: 5114: 5113: 5099: 5098: 5097: 5083: 5082: 5081: 5074: 5067: 5053: 5046: 5039: 5032: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5009: 5002: 4994: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4982: 4975: 4968: 4967: 4966: 4959: 4945: 4938: 4937: 4936: 4929: 4922: 4908: 4901: 4894: 4887: 4880: 4873: 4864: 4857: 4850: 4843: 4836: 4829: 4822: 4821: 4820: 4813: 4806: 4805: 4804: 4790: 4783: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4760: 4746: 4738: 4736: 4734:Foreign policy 4730: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4722: 4715: 4708: 4701: 4694: 4687: 4680: 4673: 4665: 4657: 4648: 4646: 4637: 4636: 4635: 4634: 4627: 4613: 4606: 4599: 4592: 4585: 4584: 4583: 4576: 4562: 4555: 4548: 4541: 4530: 4522: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4507: 4505: 4504: 4497: 4490: 4482: 4460: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4439: 4438: 4431: 4423: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4398: 4392: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4362: 4356: 4350: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4333: 4325: 4317: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4290: 4288: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4280: 4274: 4268: 4260: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4192: 4190: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4178: 4170: 4162: 4154: 4146: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4123: 4115: 4107: 4098: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4054: 4049: 4048: 4047: 4037: 4032: 4026: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4010: 4009: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3978: 3977: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3945: 3943: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3935: 3930: 3924: 3922: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3905: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3826: 3825: 3824: 3819: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3783: 3781: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3758: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3745:Energy Tax Act 3737: 3736: 3735: 3725: 3720: 3714: 3712: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3656: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3552: 3551: 3550: 3540: 3535: 3534: 3533: 3523: 3517: 3515: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3507: 3502: 3501: 3500: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3464: 3463: 3451: 3450: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3422:Canadian Caper 3419: 3414: 3409: 3399: 3394: 3393: 3392: 3382: 3376: 3374: 3372:Foreign policy 3365: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3343: 3342: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3290: 3285: 3279: 3277: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3261: 3253: 3242: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3211: 3204: 3196: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3161:American Samoa 3157: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3079:South Carolina 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3044:North Carolina 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2873: 2865: 2863: 2862: 2855: 2848: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2824: 2804: 2791: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2743: 2742:External links 2740: 2738: 2737: 2727: 2719: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2702: 2680: 2650: 2636: 2622: 2585:(2): 130–141. 2565: 2548:revealnews.org 2534: 2507: 2488: 2469: 2450: 2443: 2421: 2406: 2380: 2323: 2300: 2282: 2275: 2252: 2247:§ 9604(e) 2233: 2215: 2201: 2187: 2173: 2156: 2122: 2110:42 U.S.C. 2101: 2093:42 U.S.C. 2084: 2067: 2050: 2042:42 U.S.C. 2033: 2024: 2015: 2006: 1989: 1969: 1951: 1926: 1909: 1887: 1867: 1848: 1837:(3): 285–297. 1821: 1814: 1788: 1769: 1726: 1700: 1683: 1657: 1643: 1627: 1601: 1587: 1573: 1560: 1547: 1534: 1521: 1508: 1466: 1449: 1427: 1415: 1401: 1391:42 U.S.C. 1368: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1309: 1295: 1279: 1276: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1265: 1243: 1240: 1232: 1231:Accessing data 1229: 1218: 1217: 1168: 1166: 1159: 1153: 1150: 1088: 1085: 1075: 1074: 1057:September 2017 1033: 1031: 1024: 1018: 1015: 989: 986: 962:Main article: 944: 943:Implementation 941: 940: 939: 932: 931: 930: 915: 912:treble damages 903: 895: 887: 880: 868: 831: 828: 823: 822: 819: 816: 813: 791: 790: 787: 784: 781: 762: 761: 750: 709: 706: 693: 690: 661: 658: 640: 637: 629:consent decree 623: 620: 563: 560: 481: 480: 478: 477: 476:___ (2021) 457: 456:___ (2020) 437: 418: 399: 380: 361: 342: 323: 304: 284: 281: 280: 273: 272: 270: 269: 264: 259: 255: 252: 251: 247: 246: 244: 243: 233: 223: 213: 203: 201:Senate Finance 182: 163: 160: 159: 151: 150: 141:42 U.S.C. 138: 131: 130: 127: 126:Titles amended 123: 122: 118: 117: 107: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 84: 83: 77: 73: 72: 69: 65: 64: 61: 52: 51: 48: 44: 43: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6777: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6722: 6720: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6683: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6666:Right to know 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6606: 6603: 6600: 6597: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6487: 6480: 6477: 6474: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6454: 6451: 6448: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6437: 6434: 6431: 6428: 6425: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6411: 6408: 6405: 6402: 6399: 6396: 6393: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6372: 6369: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6357: 6354: 6351: 6348: 6345: 6342: 6339: 6336: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6290: 6287: 6284: 6281: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6260: 6257: 6254: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6220: 6217: 6214: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6192:Clean Air Act 6190: 6187: 6184: 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5162: 5158: 5155: 5151: 5148: 5144: 5141: 5137: 5134: 5130: 5127: 5123: 5120: 5116: 5111: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5100: 5095: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5084: 5079: 5075: 5072: 5068: 5065: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5054: 5051: 5047: 5044: 5040: 5037: 5033: 5030: 5026: 5021: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5007: 5003: 5000: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4980: 4976: 4973: 4969: 4964: 4960: 4957: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4943: 4939: 4934: 4930: 4927: 4923: 4920: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4909: 4906: 4902: 4899: 4895: 4892: 4888: 4885: 4881: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4865: 4862: 4858: 4855: 4851: 4848: 4847:Libya bombing 4844: 4841: 4837: 4834: 4830: 4827: 4823: 4818: 4814: 4811: 4807: 4802: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4791: 4788: 4784: 4781: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4770: 4765: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4747: 4744: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4720: 4716: 4713: 4709: 4706: 4702: 4699: 4695: 4692: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4653:"Evil empire" 4650: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4632: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4614: 4611: 4607: 4604: 4600: 4597: 4593: 4590: 4586: 4581: 4580:controversies 4577: 4574: 4573:Supreme Court 4570: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4560: 4556: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4542: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4528: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4503: 4498: 4496: 4491: 4489: 4484: 4483: 4480: 4474: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4451: 4450: 4441: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4430: 4429: 4428:← Gerald Ford 4425: 4424: 4421: 4414: 4411: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4338: 4331: 4330: 4326: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4285: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4183: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4160: 4159: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4147: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4059: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4043: 4042: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4030:Carter Center 4028: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3982: 3981:1980 campaign 3979: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3951: 3950: 3949:1976 campaign 3947: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921:Gubernatorial 3919: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3883: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3835: 3832: 3831: 3830: 3827: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3777:Environmental 3774: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3741: 3738: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3710:Energy policy 3707: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3579: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3546: 3545: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3340:controversies 3338: 3337: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3295: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3217: 3212: 3210: 3205: 3203: 3198: 3197: 3194: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3119:West Virginia 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3024:New Hampshire 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2984:Massachusetts 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2868: 2861: 2856: 2854: 2849: 2847: 2842: 2841: 2838: 2832: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2750:, August 1994 2749: 2746: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2731: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2706: 2690: 2684: 2681: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2654: 2651: 2646: 2640: 2637: 2632: 2626: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2569: 2566: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2538: 2535: 2522: 2518: 2511: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2492: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2473: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2454: 2451: 2446: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2425: 2422: 2417: 2410: 2407: 2394: 2393:The Intercept 2390: 2384: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2327: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2304: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2286: 2283: 2278: 2276:9781590311165 2272: 2268: 2267: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2211: 2205: 2202: 2197: 2191: 2188: 2183: 2177: 2174: 2166: 2160: 2157: 2152: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2105: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2088: 2085: 2080: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2063: 2060: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2037: 2034: 2028: 2025: 2019: 2016: 2010: 2007: 2002: 1999: 1993: 1990: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1970: 1965: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1944:117–58 (text) 1938: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1913: 1910: 1902: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1880: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1859: 1852: 1849: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1825: 1822: 1817: 1815:9780262028837 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1792: 1789: 1784: 1780: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1730: 1727: 1714: 1710: 1704: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1687: 1684: 1671: 1667: 1661: 1658: 1653: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1615: 1611: 1605: 1602: 1597: 1591: 1588: 1583: 1577: 1574: 1570: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1538: 1535: 1531: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1512: 1509: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1477: 1470: 1467: 1462: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1416: 1411: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1381: 1373: 1370: 1364: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1321: 1315: 1310: 1307: 1296: 1293: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1275: 1268: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1214: 1211: 1203: 1200:February 2020 1193: 1189: 1185: 1179: 1178: 1174: 1169:This section 1167: 1163: 1158: 1157: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1116: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1071: 1068: 1060: 1050: 1046: 1040: 1039: 1034:This section 1032: 1028: 1023: 1022: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1007:surface water 1004: 999: 995: 994:public health 987: 985: 982: 978: 973: 969: 965: 958: 954: 949: 942: 936: 933: 928: 924: 923: 920: 916: 913: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 866: 862: 861: 860: 857: 852: 844: 836: 829: 827: 820: 817: 814: 811: 810: 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108: 106: 100: 97: 94: 90: 85: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 36: 30: 26: 22: 6680: 6553:Citizen suit 6541:and concepts 6464: 6438: 6379: 6204: 6054: 6046: 6037: 6024: 6016: 6008: 6000: 5992: 5984: 5976: 5968: 5960: 5952: 5944: 5936: 5928: 5920: 5898: 5890: 5882: 5874: 5866: 5858: 5836: 5828: 5806: 5798: 5790: 5782: 5774: 5766: 5758: 5750: 5742: 5734: 5726: 5718: 5696: 5688: 5680: 5672: 5664: 5656: 5648: 5626: 5618: 5610: 5602: 5594: 5586: 5578: 5515: 5506: 5195: 4466: 4442: 4433: 4426: 4401:Emily Dolvin 4395:Billy Carter 4365:Jason Carter 4327: 4321:Jimmy Carter 4319: 4315:UFO incident 4265:Jimmy Carter 4264: 4241:Grammy Award 4226:Hoover Medal 4172: 4164: 4156: 4148: 4140: 4125: 4117: 4109: 4101: 3942:Presidential 3811: 3603:Carter bonds 3458: 3318:January 1981 3288:Inauguration 3223:Jimmy Carter 3176:Puerto Rico 3084:South Dakota 3074:Rhode Island 3069:Pennsylvania 3049:North Dakota 2866: 2733: 2693:. Retrieved 2683: 2671:. Retrieved 2667:the original 2653: 2639: 2625: 2582: 2578: 2568: 2558:November 16, 2556:. Retrieved 2552:the original 2547: 2537: 2527:November 16, 2525:. Retrieved 2520: 2510: 2501: 2491: 2482: 2472: 2463: 2453: 2434: 2424: 2415: 2409: 2397:. Retrieved 2392: 2383: 2340: 2336: 2326: 2317: 2313: 2303: 2294: 2285: 2265: 2236: 2230:40 CFR 300.5 2226: 2204: 2190: 2176: 2159: 2114:§§ 9613 2104: 2087: 2053: 2036: 2027: 2018: 2009: 1992: 1976: 1972: 1929: 1912: 1861: 1851: 1834: 1830: 1824: 1797: 1791: 1782: 1772: 1763: 1746:(2): 276–7. 1743: 1739: 1729: 1717:. Retrieved 1713:the original 1703: 1686: 1674:. Retrieved 1669: 1660: 1646: 1618:. 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Opinion. 1395:§ 9601 1011:groundwater 856:remediation 570:Workers in 436: (2014) 417: (2009) 398: (2007) 379: (2004) 360: (1998) 341: (1994) 322: (1989) 303: (1986) 145:§ 9601 96:P.L. 96-510 6765:Love Canal 6719:Categories 6107:Refuse Act 4801:INF Treaty 4794:Washington 4527:Transition 4367:(grandson) 4361:(daughter) 4359:Amy Carter 4297:Birthplace 4188:and honors 4052:The Elders 3996:convention 3964:convention 3498:FISA Court 3283:Transition 3269:Presidency 3114:Washington 3034:New Mexico 3029:New Jersey 2904:California 2736:2009-05-05 2695:August 11, 2673:August 11, 1922:Transcript 1696:Transcript 1365:References 830:Procedures 708:Provisions 672:after the 604:trust fund 594:, and the 588:Love Canal 525:excise tax 510:New Jersey 167:Introduced 92:Public law 47:Long title 6120:Weeks Act 6114:Lacey Act 6082:decisions 6078:treaties, 5572:decisions 4933:H-2B visa 4926:H-2A visa 4787:Reykjavík 4397:(brother) 4263:USS 3986:primaries 3954:primaries 3913:Elections 3812:Superfund 3613:DIDMC Act 3124:Wisconsin 3089:Tennessee 2994:Minnesota 2969:Louisiana 2867:Superfund 2800:from the 2787:from the 2357:0091-6765 2243:42 U.S.C. 1354:Pollution 1171:does not 975:The last 554:(ATSDR). 486:Superfund 87:Citations 71:Superfund 68:Nicknames 6605:LDV Rule 4919:Form I-9 4764:2nd term 4757:1st term 4750:Cold War 4644:Speeches 4518:Timeline 4463:template 4449:Category 4409:(cousin) 4391:(sister) 4385:(sister) 4379:(mother) 4373:(father) 4006:election 3974:election 3859:Speeches 3293:Timeline 3274:timeline 3109:Virginia 3059:Oklahoma 3039:New York 3014:Nebraska 3004:Missouri 2989:Michigan 2979:Maryland 2964:Kentucky 2944:Illinois 2919:Delaware 2909:Colorado 2899:Arkansas 2689:"Toxnet" 2617:28447316 2521:vice.com 2375:17637927 2240:CERCLA, 2108:CERCLA, 1831:Geoforum 1719:July 18, 1676:July 18, 1620:July 18, 1503:31915910 1413:program. 1278:See also 922:action. 774:resource 600:Kentucky 592:New York 580:Congress 109:94 56:Acronyms 6245:(1972) 6103:(1899) 4559:Cabinet 4465:below ( 4311:(nanny) 4287:Related 4130:(2006) 4001:debates 3969:debates 3330:Cabinet 3129:Wyoming 3104:Vermont 3009:Montana 2949:Indiana 2929:Georgia 2924:Florida 2894:Arizona 2884:Alabama 2815:details 2608:5429369 2587:Bibcode 2502:SF Gate 2483:SF Gate 2464:SF Gate 2366:1913562 2001:300.430 1984:300.415 1936:Pub. L. 1760:1372358 1398:et seq. 1379:Pub. L. 1192:removed 1177:sources 647:issued 562:History 446:17-1498 148:et seq. 6690:(2010) 6607:(2010) 6601:(2022) 6595:(2007) 6481:(2022) 6475:(2022) 6461:(2021) 6455:(2018) 6449:(2016) 6435:(2007) 6429:(2005) 6423:(1996) 6412:(1990) 6406:(1990) 6400:(1990) 6394:(1986) 6388:(1986) 6382:(1980) 6376:(1978) 6370:(1977) 6364:(1976) 6358:(1976) 6352:(1976) 6346:(1975) 6340:(1975) 6282:(1973) 6276:(1973) 6270:(1972) 6264:(1972) 6258:(1972) 6233:(1970) 6227:(1970) 6221:(1969) 6215:(1965) 6188:(1961) 6182:(1956) 6176:(1955) 6170:(1954) 6164:(1934) 6158:(1928) 6152:(1924) 6146:(1924) 6140:(1918) 6134:(1913) 6128:(1911) 6122:(1911) 6116:(1900) 6097:(1897) 6091:(1872) 6059:(2021) 6051:(1998) 6038:CERCLA 6029:(2023) 6021:(2020) 6013:(2018) 6005:(2016) 5997:(2013) 5989:(2012) 5981:(2009) 5973:(2009) 5965:(2007) 5957:(2006) 5949:(2006) 5941:(2004) 5933:(2001) 5925:(1985) 5903:(2021) 5895:(2018) 5887:(2007) 5879:(1995) 5871:(1992) 5863:(1978) 5841:(2012) 5833:(1978) 5811:(2022) 5803:(2021) 5795:(2015) 5787:(2014) 5779:(2011) 5771:(2007) 5763:(2007) 5755:(2004) 5747:(2004) 5739:(2001) 5731:(1984) 5723:(1975) 5701:(2010) 5693:(2008) 5685:(2004) 5677:(2004) 5669:(1983) 5661:(1983) 5653:(1973) 5631:(2021) 5623:(2000) 5615:(1990) 5607:(1979) 5599:(1978) 5591:(1972) 5583:(1920) 4810:Moscow 4780:Geneva 4671:(1981) 4663:(1987) 4655:(1983) 4403:(aunt) 4349:(wife) 4340:Family 4279:(1994) 4273:(1987) 4259:(1976) 4250:Legacy 4186:Awards 4177:(2015) 4169:(2014) 4161:(2010) 4153:(2009) 4145:(2007) 4122:(2006) 4114:(2003) 4106:(1987) 3779:policy 3064:Oregon 3019:Nevada 2959:Kansas 2934:Hawaii 2889:Alaska 2877:States 2807:CERCLA 2615: 2605: 2523:. Vice 2441: 2373: 2363: 2355: 2320:: 267. 2273: 2245: 2170:. 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