Superior Craton - Knowledge (XXG)

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melting of the rocks in the English River belt and Winnipeg River Terrane, as well as the overthrusting of the North Caribou Superterrane onto the English River Basin in a southward direction. Arc-related magmatic activities sustained in other areas of the southern North Caribou Superterrane margin at <2710 Ma. What was following is the deformation penetrative in both eastern (occurred at 2714-2702 Ma) and western (occurred at <2704 Ma) margins, followed by ductile-brittle faults.

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Terrane; WT: Wawa Terrane; MRVT: Minnesota River Valley Terrane; KU: Kapuskasing Uplift; AT: Abitibi Terrane; PT: Pontiac Terrane; OcS: Opatica Subprovince; AC: Ashuanipi Complex; OnS: Opinaca Subprovince; LG: La Grande Subprovince; BS: Bienville Subprovince; I: Inukjuak Domain; II Tikkerutuk Domain; IV: Lake Minto Domain; V: Goudalie Domain: VI Utsalik Domain; VII: Douglas Harbour Domain

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Terrane and the Wawa-Abitibi Terrane, like a rigid "jaw" juxtaposing a weak zone in the "vice" models suggested by Ellis et al. (1998). However, the study of seismic reflection images by Percival et al. reveals that Minnesota River Valley Terrane positions at the bottom of a thrust sequence, providing evidence that it is an oceanic slab.

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oceanic crust. The combination of the Northern Superior Superterrane and the North Caribou Superterrane by subduction marked the initiation of the Superior Craton formation. The southward movement of the Northern Superior Superterrane to the North Caribou Superterrane driven by subduction activity is evident by

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Two types of models were proposed to illustrate the process accretion with distinctive subduction polarity: Sanborn-Barrie and Skulski (2006) suggested that the accretion was achieved by the northeastward subduction of the Western Wabigoon Terrane underneath the Winnipeg River Terrane. This model is

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zone at the contact between the two terranes. The suture zone of the subduction is inferred to be the margin of the North Kenyon Fault. The docking of the Northern Superior Superterrane is evident by the >3.5 Ga detrital zircons found in synorogenic (meaning that it forms during an orogenic event)

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The first one is suggested by Percival and Skulski (2000). It is a collisional model which at 2700 Ma, the Rivière terrane from the east collided with the Hudson Bay terrane located at the west side. This collision leads to the high-grade metamorphism followed by a regional folding event. Apart from

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As the last significant accretion event, The Minnesotan Orogeny is associated with the accretion of the oceanic Minnesota River Valley Terrane and the composite Superior Craton. Subduction between the two terranes drove the Minnesota River Valley Terrane northward to meet the gigantic craton, which

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Another type of Models was suggested by Davis and Smith (1991), Percival et al. (2004a) and Melnyk et al. (2006), which suggested an opposite direction of subduction (Southwestward). These models are supported by the ductile rock textures in the lower plate of the Winnipeg River Terrane and the open

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Cook, Frederick A.; White, Donald J.; Jones, Alan G.; Eaton, David W.S.; Hall, Jeremy; Clowes, Ronald M. (April 2010). Spence, George (ed.). "How the crust meets the mantle: Lithoprobe perspectives on the Mohorovičić discontinuity and crust–mantle transitionThis article is one of a series of papers

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The Minnesotan orogeny accounts for most of the deformation events in the Wawa-Abitibi Terrane and Minnesota River Valley Terrane. Research in the past regarded the Minnesota River Valley Terrane as a stiff crust with higher resistance relative to the weaker zones between the Minnesota River Valley

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During the orogeny, at the south-central North Caribou Superterrane, rocks were deformed thoroughly (from 2718 to 2712 Ma). After the deformation, plutons were emplaced in the area after the tectonic movements and cooled by about 2700 Ma. Following the cooling of the pluton was the swift burial and

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along the Northern Superior Superterrane and the North Caribou Terrane caused the southward drifting of the Northern Superior Superterrane. Over time, it united the North Caribou Superterrane and confined the Oxford-Stull domain, which contains rock assemblages related to the continental margin and

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The western Superior Craton is formed by different terranes stitching with each other continuously during the Neoarchean period. Such a progressive assembly can be explained by five discrete orogenies (mountain-building processes). They are, from the oldest event to the youngest event, the Northern

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The northward direction of the subduction is evident due to the ceased arc magmatism in Winnipeg River superterrane at about 2695 Ma. Apart from the ceased magmatism, the sanukitoid plutons formed in the area during 2695-2685 Ma (which inferred the breakoff of a subduction slab) also indicated the

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During this period, the Winnipeg River Terrane at the south docked northward onto the North Caribou Terrane. The two terranes then sutured to form the English River belt, which was no earlier than <2705 Ma. Also, it marks the accretion of the younger Western Wabigoon terrane to the southwestern

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This map shows the major domains of the Superior Craton. NSS: Northern Superior Superterrane; OSD Oxford-Stull Terrane; NCT: North Caribou Terrane; ERT: English River Domain; WRT: Winnipeg River Domain; WWT: Western Wabigoon Terrane; EWT: Eastern Wabigoon Terrane; MT: Marmion Terrane; QT: Quetico

183:, there are three major trends of subparallel faults slicing the craton into linear subprovinces. In the northwestern part, faulting occurs in a west–northwest direction. The northeastern part has northwest-trending faults. The faults in the remaining southern part possess an east–west direction. 306:

separated by main thrust faults. The fold-thrust belt is formed in a compression setting like crust collision. when the crust is compressed, thrusts dipping towards where the compression comes formed. The hanging walls of the thrusts slide up along the fault plane and stacks above the footwall,

114: 101:), the Uchian Orogeny (2720–2700 Ma), the Central Superior Orogeny (2700 Ma), the Shebandowanian Orogeny (2690 Ma), and the Minnesotan Orogeny (2680 Ma). For the eastern part, two models are suggested. The first model by Percival and Skulski (2000) focuses on the collision between the 89:

Researchers have divided the Superior Craton into many different domains based on rock types and deformation styles. These domains (grouped into western and eastern superior provinces), include the North Superior Superterrane and Wawa Terrane, among others (shown in the table below).

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Ayer, J.A.; Davis, D.W. (February 1997). "Neoarchean evolution of differing convergent margin assemblages in the Wabigoon Subprovince: geochemical and geochronological evidence from the Lake of the Woods greenstone belt, Superior Province, Northwestern Ontario".

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The Superior Craton covers central Canada; it occupies the northern and central part of Quebec, extending across the central and the southern part of Ontario, and also covers southeast Manitoba, with its tip reaching the boundary between the U.S. states of

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Isnard, Hélène; Gariépy, Clément (2004-03-01). "Sm–Nd, Lu–Hf and Pb–Pb signatures of gneisses and granitoids from the La Grande belt: extent of late Archean crustal recycling in the northeastern Superior Province, Canada2 2Associate editor: R. J. Walker".

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Lin, S; Davis, D W; Rotenberg, E; Corkery, M T; Bailes, A H (July 2006). "Geological evolution of the northwestern Superior Province: Clues from geology, kinematics, and geochronology in the Gods Lake Narrows area, Oxford–Stull terrane, Manitoba".

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Polat, A.; Kerrich, R. (April 2001). "Magnesian andesites, Nb-enriched basalt-andesites, and adakites from late-Archean 2.7 Ga Wawa greenstone belts, Superior Province, Canada: implications for late Archean subduction zone petrogenetic processes".

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Some terranes, such as the Kapuskasing Uplift, were formed from the uplifting of the crustal block. For example, during 1.85 Ga, the American Midcontinent and the Superior Craton collided. The collision between the two cratons triggered an Archean

239:. The huge amount of magma then rose up, penetrated through the crust above and erupted. The continuous eruption of volcanic material cooled down and accumulated around the centers of eruption, forming a chain of volcanoes in the shape of an arc. 267:

scraped off from the oceanic crust before it is subducted. The sedimentary basin is formed from the accumulation of erosive material from the volcanoes, which lying flatly between the volcanoes and the topographic high of the accretionary wedge.

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Superior Orogeny, the Uchian Orogeny, the Central Superior Orogeny, the Shebandowanian Orogeny and the Minnesotan Orogeny. These events show that the timeline of accretions starts from the north with a southward assembling direction.

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Polat, A.; Kerrich, R.; Wyman, D.A. (April 1998). "The late Archean Schreiber–Hemlo and White River–Dayohessarah greenstone belts, Superior Province: collages of oceanic plateaus, oceanic arcs, and subduction–accretion complexes".

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Böhm, Christian O; Heaman, Larry M; Stern, Richard A; Corkery, M. Timothy; Creaser, Robert A (2003-09-15). "Nature of assean lake ancient crust, Manitoba: a combined SHRIMP–ID-TIMS U–Pb geochronology and Sm–Nd isotope study".

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The correlations of different building processes of the NE Superior Craton remains sophisticated. Still, there are two general understandings to unveil the relationships among the overlapping magmatic and metamorphic events.

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subduction towards the north. After the subduction, the two terranes were sutured under the Quetico belt. This also trapped the clastic sediments fluxing into the belt, marking its transition from an accretionary wedge to a

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Benn, Keith; Miles, Warner; Ghassemi, Mohammad R.; Gillett, John (February 1994). "Crustal structure and kinematic framework of the northwestern Pontiac Subprovince, Quebec: an integrated structural and geophysical study".

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Ayer, John A.; Dostal, Jaroslav (2000). "Nd and Pb isotopes from the Lake of the Woods greenstone belt, northwestern Ontario: implications for mantle evolution and the formation of crust in the southern Superior Province".

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Davis, D. W.; Smith, P. M. (May 1991). "Archean Gold Mineralization in the Wabigoon Subprovince, a Product of Crustal Accretion: Evidence from U–Pb Geochronology in the Lake of the Woods Area, Superior Province, Canada".

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Ciesielski, A (2000). Géologie et lithogéochimie de la partie occidentale de la sous-province de Bienville et des zones adjacentes dans l'est de la Province du Supérieur, Québec (Report). Geological Survey of Canada.

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Davis, W.J.; Machado, N.; Gariépy, C.; Sawyer, E. W.; Benn, K. (February 1995). "U–Pb geochronology of the Opatica tonalite-gneiss belt and its relationship to the Abitibi greenstone belt, Superior Province, Quebec".

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The second one is suggested by Bédard (2003) and Bédard et al. (2003). This model puts emphasis on the role of magmatic diapirism in the linear structure and metamorphism of the NE superior craton, implying an active

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Nunes, P. D.; Thurston, P. C. (June 1980). "Two hundred and twenty million years of Archean evolution: a zircon U–Pb age stratigraphic study of the Uchi–Confederation Lakes greenstone belt, northwestern Ontario".

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Polat, Ali; Kerrich, Robert (October 1999). "Formation of an Archean tectonic mélange in the Schreiber-Hemlo greenstone belt, Superior Province, Canada: Implications for Archean subduction-accretion process".

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The northward direction of the subduction is proven by the peraluminous granitoid magmatism in the southern margin of the Abitibi terrane, as well as the isotopic signature of the ancient crust underneath it.

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Tectonic and magmatic processes in crustal growth: A Pan-Lithoprobe perspective. Edited by, RM Harrap and HH Helmstaedt. Lithoprobe Secretariat, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Lithoprobe

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Melnyk, M; Davis, D W; Cruden, A R; Stern, R A (2006-07-01). "U–Pb ages constraining structural development of an Archean terrane boundary in the Lake of the Woods area, western Superior Province, Canada".

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Some terranes, such as the Pontiac Terrane, were previously a fold-thrust belt. A fold-thrust belt is a zone consisting of a series of thrusts (reverse faults) and fault-bend folds separated by main thrust

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Sanborn-Barrie, M; Skulski, T (July 2006). "Sedimentary and structural evidence for 2.7 Ga continental arc–oceanic-arc collision in the Savant–Sturgeon greenstone belt, western Superior Province, Canada".

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Percival, John A.; Stern, Richard A.; Rayner, Nicole (2003-06-01). "Archean adakites from the Ashuanipi complex, eastern Superior Province, Canada: geochemistry, geochronology and tectonic significance".

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Mints, Michael V.; Dokukina, Ksenia A.; Konilov, Alexander N.; Philippova, Irina B.; Zlobin, Valery L.; Babayants, Pavel S.; Belousova, Elena A.; Blokh, Yury I.; Bogina, Maria M. (May 2015). "Abstract".

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Corfu, F. (March 1988). "Differential response of U–Pb systems in coexisting accessory minerals, Winnipeg River Subprovince, Canadian Shield: implications for Archean crustal growth and stabilization".

231:. Due to tectonic activities in the Earth, the relevant continental and oceanic crusts collided before 2.70 Ga. The denser oceanic crust subducted underneath the continental crust and melted into the 74:

that has been stable and subjected to very little geological changes over a long time. The size of Superior Craton is about 1,572,000 km. The craton underwent a series of events from 4.3 to 2.57

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Davis, D.W.; Sutcliffe, R.H.; Trowell, N.F. (July 1988). "Geochronological constraints on the tectonic evolution of a late Archaean greenstone belt, Wabigoon Subprovince, Northwest Ontario, Canada".

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Ellis, Susan; Beaumont, Christopher; Jamieson, Rebecca A.; Quinlan, Garry (1998). "Continental collision including a weak zone: the vise model and its application to the Newfoundland Appalachians".

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Benn, Keith; Sawyer, Edward W.; Bouchez, Jean-Luc (November 1992). "Orogen parallel and transverse shearing in the Opatica belt, Quebec: implications for the structure of the Abitibi Subprovince".

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Corfu, F.; Stott, G. M.; Breaks, F. W. (October 1995). "U–Pb geoehronology and evolution of the English River Subprovince, an Archean low P-high T metasedimentary belt in the Superior Province".

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Perkins, Dexter; Chipera, Steve J. (March 1985). "Garnet-orthopyroxene-plagioclase-quartz barometry: refinement and application to the English River subprovince and the Minnesota River valley".

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Percival, J. A.; Mortensen, J. K.; Stern, R. A.; Card, K. D.; Bégin, N. J. (October 1992). "Giant granulite terranes of northeastern Superior Province: the Ashuanipi complex and Minto block".

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Davis, Donald W. (May 2002). "U–Pb geochronology of Archean metasedimentary rocks in the Pontiac and Abitibi subprovinces, Quebec, constraints on timing, provenance and regional tectonics".

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sedimentary rocks aged <2.711 Ga. The docking also initiated the eruption of shoshonitic volcanic rocks during 2710 Ma and the regional shortening. The regional shortening had undergone

915:-bearing plutonic rocks - IV: metasedimentary and pyroxene-bearing pluton - V: pyroxene-bearing pluton with minor tonalite - VI: magnetic pyroxene-bearing pluton - VII: tonalitic complex 4017:

Percival, J A; Sanborn-Barrie, M; Skulski, T; Stott, G M; Helmstaedt, H; White, D J (July 2006). "Tectonic evolution of the western Superior Province from NATMAP and Lithoprobe studies".

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Wyman, D.A.; Ayer, J.A.; Devaney, J.R. (June 2000). "Niobium-enriched basalts from the Wabigoon subprovince, Canada: evidence for adakitic metasomatism above an Archean subduction zone".

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Böhm, Christian O.; Heaman, Larry M.; Creaser, Robert A.; Corkery, M. Timothy (2000-01-01). "Discovery of pre-3.5 Ga exotic crust at the northwestern Superior Province margin, Manitoba".

263:. The outer arc high is formed by the flexural upward motion of the oceanic crust edge before it enters the subduction zone. The accretionary wedges are formed from the accumulation of 3543:

Morfin, Samuel; Sawyer, Edward W.; Bandyayera, Daniel (2014-05-01). "The geochemical signature of a felsic injection complex in the continental crust: Opinaca Subprovince, Quebec".

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Percival, J.A.; Bleeker, W.; Cook, F.A.; Rivers, T.; Ross, G.; van Staal, C.R. (2004). "PanLITHOPROBE workshop IV: Intra-orogen correlations and comparative orogenic anatomy".

922:- Syngenetic: Algoma-type iron formation, volcanogenic massive sulphide, Ni-Cu deposits, Fe-Ti-V deposits (hosted by mafic intrusions), and U-Th-Mo bearing porphyry deposits 976:

Before 2720 Ma, there were many pieces of microcontinent fragments which E-W trending conduit-like ocean crusts (with unknown extent) separates them. During 2720 Ma, active

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Grove, T. L., Till, C. B., Lev, E., Chatterjee, N., & Médard, E. (2009). Kinematic variables and water transport control the formation and location of arc volcanoes.

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Corkery, M. T., Cameron, H. D. M., Lin, S., Skulski, T., Whalen, J. B., & Stern, R. A. (2000). Geological investigations in the Knee Lake belt (parts of NTS 53L).

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Skulski, T., Percival, J. A., Whalen, J. B., Stern, R. A., Harrap, R. M., & Helmstaedt, H. H. (1999). Archean crustal evolution in the northern Superior Province.

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Bédard, Jean H. (March 2003). "Evidence for Regional-Scale, Pluton-Driven, High-Grade Metamorphism in the Archaean Minto Block, Northern Superior Province, Canada".

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Zaleski, E; Peterson, V L (2001). Geology, Manitouwadge Greenstone Belt and the Wawa-Quetico Subprovince boundary, Ontario (Report). A. Geological Survey of Canada.

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Bédard, Jean H. (March 2003). "Evidence for Regional-Scale, Pluton-Driven, High-Grade Metamorphism in the Archaean Minto Block, Northern Superior Province, Canada".

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Sawyer, E.W.; Benn, K. (December 1993). "Structure of the high-grade Opatica Belt and adjacent low-grade Abitibi Subprovince, Canada: an Archaean mountain front".

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Mints, Michael V. (2017-11-01). "The composite North American Craton, Superior Province: Deep crustal structure and mantle-plume model of Neoarchaean evolution".

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The Central Orogeny is significant as it involves the accretion of the younger Western Wabigoon terrane to the southwestern margin of the Winnipeg River Terrane.

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Davis, D. W.; Jackson, M. C. (1988-06-01). "Geochronology of the Lumby Lake greenstone belt: A 3 Ga complex within the Wabigoon subprovince, northwest Ontario".

4475: 4410:"Erratum to "Archaean cratonization and deformation in the northern Superior Province, Canada: an evaluation of plate tectonic versus vertical tectonic models"" 2769: 1553:"Erratum to "Archaean cratonization and deformation in the northern Superior Province, Canada: an evaluation of plate tectonic versus vertical tectonic models"" 1040:

folds in the Western Wabigoon Terrane, implying the overriding role of Western Wabigoon Terrane instead of Winnipeg River Terrane shown in the previous model.

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Shebandowanian orogeny marks the accretion of the Wawa-Abitibi terrane to the composite Superior superterrane at the southern margin of the Wabigoon terranes.

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SOUTHWICK, D. L. (1991). "On the genesis of Archean granite through two-stage melting of the Quetico accretionary prism at a transpressional plate boundary".

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Research of the Superior Craton in the past focused on how the western part formed. This leaves uncertainties in the linkage between the west and the east.

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Chown, E. H.; Daigneault, Réal; Mueller, Wulf; Mortensen, J. K. (October 1992). "Tectonic evolution of the Northern Volcanic Zone, Abitibi belt, Quebec".

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Davis and Smith (1991), Percival et al. (2004a) and Melnyk et al. (2006): The young craton moved southwestward to fuse with the Western Wabigoon Terrane.

1903:"Geological and geochronological investigations in the Stull Lake–Edmund Lake greenstone belt and granitoid rocks of the northwestern Superior Province" 751:- Central: Massive sulphide deposits and vein gold deposits - South: Gold deposits, Cu-Zn massive sulphide deposits, intrusive Ni deposits, and minor 964:

Before 2720 Ma, there were many pieces of microcontinent fragments which E-W trending conduit-like ocean crusts (with unknown extent) separates them.

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Card, K D; Poulsen, K H (1998). "Geology and mineral deposits of the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield". In Lucas, S B; St-Onge, M R (eds.).

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Mortensen, J. K.; Card, K. D. (September 1993). "U–Pb age constraints for the magmatic and tectonic evolution of the Pontiac Subprovince, Quebec".

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Corfu, F.; Stott, G. M. (August 1986). "U–Pb ages for late magmatism and regional deformation in the Shebandowan Belt, Superior Province, Canada".

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For these accretions, the North Caribou Terrane acted as the accretion nuclei onto which other terranes dock on its northern and southern side.

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in the past. A forearc is the region between the volcanic arc and the subduction zone. It includes several components, including the subduction

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Studies on the formation of the Superior Craton varied in progress between the western and the eastern part. For the western part, five major

1973:

Thurston, P.C; Chivers, K.M (January 1990). "Secular variation in greenstone sequence development emphasizing Superior Province, Canada".

281:, the Ivanhoe Lake fault. The upward movement of the hanging wall causes the uplift of a crustal block, known as the Kapuskasing Uplift. 5264: 3637:

PERCIVAL, J. A. (1991-12-01). "Granulite-Facies Metamorphism and Crustal Magmatism in the Ashuanipi Complex, Quebec--Labrador, Canada".

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supported by evidence like the formation of the tonalitic and pyroclastic rocks in 2715-2700Ma and the deformation style of the Warclub

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Percival, J. A.; Skulski, T. (2000-04-01). "Tectonothermal Evolution of the Northern Minto Block, Superior Province, Quebec, Canada".

1064:. At the northern Wawa-Abitibi terrane, researchers identified two events of deformation occurred during the orogeny. The first one (D 4468: 4122: 3762: 1706: 2958:

Muir, T L (March 2003). "Structural evolution of the Hemlo greenstone belt in the vicinity of the world-class Hemlo gold deposit".

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Bleeker, W., & Davis, B. W. (2004, May). What is a craton? How many are there? How do they relate? And how did they form?. In

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Some terranes, such as the Western Wabigoon Terrane, are formed from the setting of an oceanic arc. An oceanic arc is a chain of

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Some of the terranes were formed from the structures of a volcanic arc, including the volcanic arc chain and the forearc setting.

3811:"Water-deficient Calc-alkaline Plutonic Rocks of Northeastern Superior Province, Canada: Significance of Charnockitic Magmatism" 3108:

Ludden, John; Hubert, Claude; Gariépy, Clement (March 1986). "The tectonic evolution of the Abitibi greenstone belt of Canada".

105:. The second model by Bédard (2003) and Bédard et al. (2003) focuses on the effect of an active anorogenic magmatic activity. 5269: 2474: 2397: 332:

The Superior Province can be divided into three parts. The first part is the northwestern region characterized by high-grade

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Petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the Lake of the Woods greenstone belt, western Wabigoon Subprovince, Ontario, Canada

5234: 5177: 5229: 5083: 4461: 1284:(49). Skulski, Thomas and Sanborn-Barrie, M. and Stott, Greg and Leclair, A.D. and Corkery, M.T. and Boily, M.: 321–378. 1068:

deformation event) is the intra-arc deformation accompanied by calc-alkaline magmatism during 2695 Ma. The second one (D

812:- Volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits, Cu-Au vein deposits, Intrusion-hosted Ni-Cu deposits and iron formation 2725:

Percival, John A.; Williams, Howard R. (1989). "Late Archean Quetico accretionary complex, Superior province, Canada".

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Card, K.D. (August 1990). "A review of the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield, a product of Archean accretion".

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published in this Special Issue on the theme Lithoprobe — parameters, processes, and the evolution of a continent ".

3912:"The building and stabilization of an Archean Craton in the Superior Province, Canada, from a heat flow perspective" 323: 5254: 3065:

Percival, John A.; West, Gordon F. (1994-07-01). "The Kapuskasing uplift: a geological and geophysical synthesis".

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this, the model relates the collision with the Uchian orogeny concurrently happening at the south and the west.

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Sanborn-Barrie and Skulski (2006): Western Wabigoon Terrane docked northeastward to the Winnipeg River Terrane.

336:, such as Minto and Pikwitonei. The second part is the northeastern region, which is characterized by pervasive 5197: 4963: 3496:"Large-scale melt-depletion in granulite terranes: an example from the Archean Ashuanipi Subprovince of Quebec" 173: 126: 1832: 5020: 5015: 2770:"Shebandowan greenstone belt, western Superior Province: U–Pb ages, tectonic implications, and correlations" 1754:

Poblet, J., & Lisle, R. J. (2011). Kinematic evolution and structural styles of fold-and-thrust belts.

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deformation at the margin between the Wawa-Abitibi Terrane and the Wabigoon terranes during 2685-2680 Ma.

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Anhaeusser, Carl R. (2014-12-01). "Archaean greenstone belts and associated granitic rocks – A review".

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Petrogenesis of the late Archean Quetico alkaline suite intrusions, Western Superior Province, Canada

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Geology of the Precambrian Superior and Grenville provinces and Precambrian fossils in North America

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and extra. Common among them is that these features were mostly formed in a compression setting.

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Card, K. D. (1985). "Geology and tectonics of the Archean Superior Province, Canadian Shield".

1036:

assemblage which infers the over-riding of Winnipeg River Terrane on Western Wabigoon Terrane.

113: 5114: 4968: 4933: 4439: 4382: 4339: 4266: 4219: 4172: 4128: 4118: 4042: 3984: 3941: 3889: 3840: 3741: 3705: 3662: 3608: 3564: 3525: 3476: 3430: 3386: 3343: 3299: 3230: 3187: 3133: 3090: 3047: 2983: 2937: 2885: 2833: 2789: 2750: 2707: 2655: 2612: 2590: 2567: 2524: 2480: 2470: 2469:(PhD thesis). National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada (published 2001). 2447: 2403: 2393: 2367: 2321: 2272: 2218: 2128: 2085: 2042: 1998: 1902: 1883: 1836: 1702: 1670: 1634: 1582: 1522: 1468: 1336: 836: 349: 260: 232: 169: 122: 83: 3860:"Crustal magnetization and long-wavelength aeromagnetic anomalies of the Minto block, Quebec" 129:, while the southernmost tip of the craton in Minnesota is reaching the Central Plain orogen. 5224: 5219: 5129: 4793: 4429: 4374: 4331: 4258: 4211: 4164: 4034: 3976: 3931: 3879: 3830: 3789: 3733: 3697: 3654: 3600: 3556: 3515: 3468: 3422: 3378: 3335: 3291: 3253: 3222: 3179: 3125: 3082: 3039: 3002: 2975: 2929: 2877: 2825: 2781: 2742: 2697: 2647: 2559: 2555: 2516: 2439: 2359: 2313: 2264: 2210: 2174: 2120: 2077: 2034: 1990: 1875: 1828: 1694: 1662: 1626: 1572: 1514: 1460: 1328: 554: 475: 337: 210: 1084: 1048: 968: 5119: 5089: 5030: 4853: 1233: 1213: 1006: 611: 345: 278: 264: 180: 176:, while the southernmost tip of the craton in Minnesota reaches the Central Plain orogen. 154: 71: 2678:"The development of the Superior Province of northwestern Ontario by merging island arcs" 4425: 4370: 4327: 4254: 4207: 4160: 4030: 3972: 3927: 3875: 3826: 3693: 3650: 3596: 3552: 3511: 3464: 3418: 3374: 3331: 3287: 3218: 3175: 3121: 3078: 3035: 2971: 2925: 2873: 2821: 2738: 2693: 2643: 2512: 2435: 2355: 2309: 2260: 2206: 2170: 2116: 2073: 2030: 1986: 1871: 1824: 1622: 1568: 1510: 1324: 5051: 4771: 4725: 1180:

Minnesotan River Valley Terrane moved northward to collide with the pre-mature craton.

1133:

Northern Superior Superterrane moves southward to dock onto the North Caribou Terrane.

1061: 995: 252: 3226: 2933: 2563: 2443: 2060:

Meyn, H. D.; Palonen, P. A. (1980-09-01). "Stratigraphy of an Archean submarine fan".

1879: 1088:

Minnesotan River Valley Terrane moved northward to collide with the pre-mature craton.

972:

Northern Superior Superterrane moves southward to dock onto the North Caribou Terrane.

302:. A fold-thrust belt is a zone consisting of a series of thrusts (reverse faults) and 5213: 5068: 4606: 4601: 4591: 4586: 4394: 4278: 3980: 3620: 3520: 3495: 3472: 3145: 2897: 2845: 2268: 2230: 2140: 2081: 1994: 1777:

Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on Early Crustal Genesis: The World's Oldest Rocks

1534: 1332: 1277: 1073: 408: 147: 79: 59: 4434: 4409: 1743:

A study of crustal uplift along the Kapuskasing Zone using 2. 45 Ga Matachewan dykes

1630: 1577: 1552: 1480: 5171: 5124: 4858: 4833: 4644: 4639: 2587:

Geology and tectonostratigraphic assemblages, eastern Wabigoon Subprovince, Ontario

825: 623: 486: 433: 312: 303: 196: 135: 3835: 3810: 3658: 1429:

John Percival (2007). "Geology and Metallogeny of the Superior Province, Canada".

3560: 5025: 4993: 4983: 3252:. Geology of Canada Series no. 7. Geological Survey of Canada. pp. 15–204. 1431:

Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division, Special Publication

738:- Central: Plutonic rocks and minor volcanic rocks - South: Younger greywackes, 713: 657: 429: 158: 35: 17: 5063: 4973: 4953: 4803: 4531: 4526: 3737: 3604: 3129: 2484: 2064:. Early Precambrian Volcanology and Sedimentology in the Light of the Recent. 1464: 977: 694: 687: 558: 454: 228: 4443: 4386: 4343: 4270: 4223: 4176: 4132: 4046: 3988: 3945: 3893: 3844: 3745: 3709: 3666: 3612: 3568: 3529: 3480: 3434: 3390: 3347: 3303: 3234: 3191: 3137: 3094: 3051: 2987: 2941: 2889: 2837: 2793: 2754: 2711: 2659: 2616: 2571: 2528: 2451: 2371: 2325: 2276: 2222: 2132: 2089: 2046: 2002: 1887: 1840: 1674: 1638: 1586: 1526: 1472: 1340: 1169:

The Wawa-Abitibi terrane moved northward to collide with the growing craton.

5134: 5103: 4998: 4948: 4868: 4863: 4808: 4741: 4484: 4335: 2594: 2520: 2407: 1052:

The Wawa-Abitibi terrane moved northward to collide with the growing craton.

1033: 871: 804: 749:- North: Massive sulphide deposits, Cu-Zn vein deposits, lode gold deposits 649: 615: 566: 524: 424: 421: 414: 341: 308: 150: 55: 2702: 2677: 2881: 1929:. Ministry of Northern Development & Mines, Ontario Geological Survey. 5058: 4943: 4848: 4823: 4813: 4776: 4761: 4746: 4736: 4659: 4654: 3936: 3911: 3884: 3859: 2829: 912: 482: 359:

The general geological characteristics of the terranes are listed below.

47: 1144:

Winnipeg River Terrane docked northward onto the North Caribou Terrane.

851:- Granulite - Intrusion of diatexite, syenite, granodiorite and granite 5078: 5073: 4838: 4818: 4798: 4766: 4756: 4689: 4684: 4674: 4669: 2214: 2124: 1243: 665: 653: 450: 398: 248: 224: 200: 161: 102: 94: 67: 43: 4453: 4117:. St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada: Geological Association of Canada. 2178: 1698: 5109: 4878: 4576: 4571: 4516: 4511: 1223: 789: 783: 767: 490: 469: 333: 192: 164:. The western to the northeastern part of the craton is bound by the 117:

The western to the northeastern part of the craton is bounded by the

78:. These events included the growth, drifting and deformation of both 63: 51: 39: 4215: 4168: 4038: 3701: 3426: 3382: 3339: 3295: 3183: 3086: 3043: 2979: 2317: 2038: 1666: 4378: 4262: 3794: 3257: 3007: 1518: 4883: 4488: 3910:

Jaupart, C.; Mareschal, J.-C.; Bouquerel, H.; Phaneuf, C. (2014).

1083: 1047: 1005: 985:

arc-related magmatism in Oxford-Stull domain during 2775-2733 Ma;

967: 959: 404: 322: 283: 236: 209: 195:-forming terranes are created from very diverse settings, such as 112: 1278:"Geology and tectonic evolution of the Superior Province, Canada" 146:

The Archean Superior Craton extends over 1572000 km of the

4546: 4541: 529: 504: 444: 168:. To the eastern and the southeastern side are the neighbouring 98: 97:

were involved. They include the Northern Superior Orogeny (2720

75: 4457: 519:- Pervasive granitic to tonalitic pluton in the central region 1912:. M.T. Corkery, D. Stone, J.B. Whalen and R.A. Stern: 117–128. 1693:. Vol. 510. Geological Society of America. pp. 1–2. 998:

and foliation to form right-lateral, NW-trending shear zones.

298:

Some terranes, such as the Pontiac Terrane, were previously a

1957:"Orogenic gold deposits in the Superior Province of Manitoba" 1093:

the two terranes sutured along the Great Lake tectonic zone.

121:. The eastern and the southeastern side is neighbouring the 4115:

Tectonic styles in Canada : the Lithoprobe perspective

2786:

10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<1467:SGBWSP>2.3.CO;2

2747:

10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0023:laqacs>2.3.co;2

2652:

10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1385:otgoag>2.3.co;2

2364:

10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0818:GOTLLG>2.3.CO;2

809:- West-verging shearing followed by south-vergent movement 4113:

Percival, J. A.; Clowes, Ron; Cook, Frederick A. (2012).

699:- Michipicoten-Mishubishu belt (Fe, Au, Cu and minor Ni) 499:- Sealed the sediment after the collision of NSS and NCS 1833:

10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<75:DOPGEC>2.0.CO;2

608:- Mafic volcanic rocks and tonalitic pluton in the West 344:-facies. The last part is the southern region like the 2392:. Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines. 1204:

during the accretion of the southern Superior Craton.

203:, oceanic tectonic melange, uplift within the craton, 157:, the Archean Superior craton is encompassed by early 648:- Metarsedimentary successions intruded by tonalite, 592:- Tonalitic plutonism followed by granitic plutonism 1720: 1718: 3858:Pilkington, Mark; Percival, John A. (1999-04-10). 1105:Summary of the Western Superior Craton development 736:- North: Layered-intrusion-related volcanic rocks 247:Some terranes, such as the Quetico Terrane, were 1756:Geological Society, London, Special Publications 701:- Shebandowan-Schreiber belt (Fe, Au, VMS, Ni) 70:period. A craton is a large part of the Earth's 890:- North: granitic and granodioritic intrusions 507:gold deposits (like Monument Bay gold deposit) 363:List of subprovinces and their dominating rocks 255:, the outer arc high of the oceanic crust, the 1927:Geology of the Northern Superior Area, Ontario 1282:Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 1187:Orogenesis in the northeastern Superior Craton 4469: 125:. The southern side is generally meeting the 8: 3916:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 3864:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 2676:Langford, F. F.; Morin, J. A. (1976-11-01). 1691:Geological Society of America Special Papers 356:subprovinces with an east–west orientation. 573:- Related to the suture of the NCS and WRT 4917: 4912: 4712: 4707: 4629: 4624: 4501: 4496: 4476: 4462: 4454: 1108: 562:- Amphibolite and low-pressure granulite 536:- Gold deposits (like Red Lake Gold Camp) 517:- Plutonic base overlain by arc sequences 366: 4433: 3935: 3883: 3834: 3793: 3585:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 3519: 3006: 2862:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2701: 2195:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2105:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1576: 1255: 892:- South: massive granodioritic complex 646:- Mainly greywacke, migmatite, granite 227:which formed above and parallel to the 4290: 4288: 4235: 4233: 4188: 4186: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4076: 3757: 3755: 3632: 3630: 3446: 3444: 3157: 3155: 2953: 2951: 2768:Corfu, F.; Stott, G. M. (1998-11-01). 2671: 2669: 2632:Geological Society of America Bulletin 2383: 2381: 2337: 2335: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2242: 2240: 2152: 2150: 1937: 1935: 1921: 1919: 1806: 1804: 904:Northeastern Superior Province(NESP) 880:- Porphyry and igneous mineralization 803:- Tonalite, granodiorite, granite and 4074: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3905: 3903: 3798:. Open File 3550 – via GEOSCAN. 3269: 3267: 1852: 1850: 1770: 1768: 1546: 1544: 1492: 1490: 1446: 1444: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1306: 1304: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1011:margin of the Winnipeg River Terrane. 792:-sill-hosted Ni-Cu sulphide deposits 392:Northern Superior Superterrane (NSS) 7: 3494:Guernina, S.; Sawyer, E. W. (2003). 2611:(PhD thesis). University of Ottawa. 1604: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1350: 27:Large crustal block in North America 2544:Earth and Planetary Science Letters 956:Northern Superior Orogeny (2720 Ma) 909:- I: tonalite and tonalitic gneiss 4316:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 4196:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 4149:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 4019:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 3682:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 3407:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 3363:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 3320:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 3276:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 3164:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 3067:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 3024:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2960:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2501:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2298:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2019:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1655:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1024:Central Superior Orogeny (2700 Ma) 512:North Caribou Superterrane (NCS) 25: 1313:Journal of African Earth Sciences 5188: 5187: 5165: 4683: 4668: 4653: 4638: 4600: 4585: 4570: 4555: 4540: 4525: 4510: 3521:10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00436.x 3011:. Map 1917A – via GEOSCAN. 1333:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.07.019 1044:Shebandowanian Orogeny (2690 Ma) 586:- Gneiss and foliated tonalite 5011:Possible future supercontinents 4435:10.1016/j.precamres.2004.02.001 3726:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2589:, Geological Survey of Canada, 1631:10.1016/j.precamres.2017.08.025 1578:10.1016/j.precamres.2004.02.001 924:- Epigenetic: Cu, Ni, Ag, Au, 478:rocks (Oxford Lake assemblage) 3809:PERCIVAL, J. A. (2002-09-01). 3500:Journal of Metamorphic Geology 581:Winnipeg River Terrane (WRT) 187:Growth history of the terranes 172:. The southern side meets the 66:among those formed during the 1: 3453:Journal of Structural Geology 3227:10.1016/s0301-9268(02)00007-4 2934:10.1016/s0040-1951(98)00002-x 2564:10.1016/s0012-821x(00)00106-0 2444:10.1016/s0301-9268(96)00033-2 2388:Thurston, P. C. (1991–1992). 1880:10.1016/S0301-9268(03)00127-X 1002:Uchian Orogeny (2720–2700 Ma) 928:(REE) and limited U deposits 243:Ancient forearc basin setting 4789:Other prehistoric continents 3981:10.1016/0301-9268(90)90059-y 3561:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.03.004 3473:10.1016/0191-8141(93)90005-u 2269:10.1016/0301-9268(88)90041-1 2082:10.1016/0301-9268(80)90031-5 1995:10.1016/0301-9268(90)90065-x 1296:AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts 1080:Minnesotan Orogeny (2680 Ma) 742:and alkaline volcanic rocks 548:English River Domain (ERT) 3836:10.1093/petrology/43.9.1617 3659:10.1093/petrology/32.6.1261 2682:American Journal of Science 1276:Percival, John and (2012). 1239:List of shields and cratons 885:Bienville Subprovince (BS) 863:La Grande Subprovince (LG) 786:-vein-hosted gold deposits 712:- Tonalite, paragneiss and 603:Wabigoon Terrane (WwT/EwT) 5286: 5265:Historical tectonic plates 2465:Ayer, John Albert (1999). 1072:deformation event) is the 817:Opinaca Subprovince (OnS) 798:Opatica Subprovince (OcS) 726:Eastern Superior Province 472:(Hayers River Assemblage) 463:Oxford-Skull Domain (OSD) 387:Western Superior Province 153:. Forming the core of the 5157: 4915: 4911: 4710: 4706: 4627: 4623: 4499: 4495: 4408:Bedard, J.H (June 2004). 3769:(in French). 24 July 2019 3738:10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.004 3605:10.1007/s00410-003-0450-5 3130:10.1017/S0016756800029800 2607:Lassen, Birgitte (2004). 1551:Bedard, J.H (June 2004). 1465:10.2113/gscanmin.38.2.345 1453:The Canadian Mineralogist 1152:Central Superior Orogeny 1129:Northern Superior Orogeny 725: 597:- Native silver deposits 386: 5198:Chronology of continents 1955:Anderson, Scott (2008). 1745:. University of Toronto. 839:granites and pegmatites 772:- South: volcanic rocks 707:Kapuskasing Uplift (KU) 379:Possible tectonic event 294:Fold-thrust belt setting 5250:Geology of South Dakota 5240:Geology of North Dakota 4336:10.1139/cjes-35-11-1323 2556:2000E&PSL.179...21W 2521:10.1139/cjes-37-12-1677 1166:Shebandowanian Orogeny 944:Western Superior Craton 849:- Tonalite and diorite 844:Ashuanipi Complex (AC) 718:- Intracratonic Uplift 532:in the southern margin 235:, which generated more 4959:Great Australian Bight 4359:The Journal of Geology 4243:The Journal of Geology 2703:10.2475/ajs.276.9.1023 1499:The Journal of Geology 1089: 1053: 1012: 973: 965: 346:Minnesota River Valley 329: 290: 215: 130: 5270:Historical continents 2882:10.1007/s004100000223 2585:Stott, G. M. (2002), 1087: 1051: 1009: 989:the south-over-north 971: 963: 761:Pontiac Terrane (PT) 731:Abitibi Terrane (AT) 641:Quetico Terrane (QT) 493:with mafic intrusion 326: 287: 213: 116: 5235:Geology of Minnesota 5183:Continental fragment 5178:Regions of the world 4414:Precambrian Research 3961:Precambrian Research 3937:10.1002/2014JB011018 3885:10.1029/1998jb900121 3815:Journal of Petrology 3639:Journal of Petrology 3547:. 196–197: 339–355. 3260:– via GEOSCAN. 3207:Precambrian Research 2830:10.1029/1999tc900032 2424:Precambrian Research 2249:Precambrian Research 2062:Precambrian Research 1975:Precambrian Research 1943:Report of activities 1910:Report of Activities 1860:Precambrian Research 1611:Precambrian Research 1557:Precambrian Research 1219:Circum-Superior Belt 1202:anorogenic magmatism 868:- Gneissic basement 632:setting in the East 626:setting in the West 166:Trans-Hudson orogens 119:Trans-Hudson orogens 62:. It is the biggest 5230:Geology of Manitoba 5140:Indian Subcontinent 4930:Submerged continent 4426:2004PreR..131..373B 4371:2003JG....111..183B 4328:1998CaJES..35.1323E 4255:1991JG.....99..337D 4208:2006CaJES..43..995S 4161:2006CaJES..43..749L 4031:2006CaJES..43.1085P 3973:1990PreR...48...99C 3928:2014JGRB..119.9130J 3876:1999JGR...104.7513P 3827:2002JPet...43.1617P 3694:1992CaJES..29.2287P 3651:1991JPet...32.1261P 3597:2003CoMP..145..265P 3553:2014Litho.196..339M 3512:2003JMetG..21..181G 3465:1993JSG....15.1443S 3419:1995CaJES..32..113D 3375:1992CaJES..29.2429B 3332:1994CaJES..31..271B 3288:1993CaJES..30.1970M 3219:2002PreR..115...97D 3176:1992CaJES..29.2211C 3122:1986GeoM..123..153L 3110:Geological Magazine 3079:1994CaJES..31.1256P 3036:1986CaJES..23.1075C 2972:2003CaJES..40..395M 2926:1998Tectp.289..295P 2874:2001CoMP..141...36P 2822:1999Tecto..18..733P 2739:1989Geo....17...23P 2694:1976AmJS..276.1023L 2644:1991GSAB..103.1385S 2513:2000CaJES..37.1677A 2436:1997PreR...81..155A 2356:1988GSAB..100..818D 2310:2006CaJES..43..967M 2261:1988PreR...39..171D 2207:1988CoMP...98..312C 2171:1995Tecto..14.1220C 2117:1985CoMP...89...69P 2074:1980PreR...12..257M 2031:1980CaJES..17..710N 1987:1990PreR...46...21T 1901:T. Skulski (2000). 1872:2003PreR..126...55B 1825:2000Geo....28...75B 1623:2017PreR..302...94M 1569:2004PreR..131..373B 1511:2003JG....111..183B 1325:2014JAfES.100..684A 1177:Minnesotan Orogeny 1110: 926:rare earth elements 693:- Oceanic tectonic 618:pluton in the East 401:and gneissic rocks 319:General composition 257:accretionary wedges 219:Oceanic arc setting 5245:Geology of Ontario 4921: 4716: 4633: 4505: 3763:"Bienville Domain" 2390:Geology of Ontario 2215:10.1007/bf00375182 2125:10.1007/bf01177592 1925:Stone, D. (2005). 1741:Zhang, B. (1999). 1229:Geology of Ontario 1109: 1090: 1054: 1013: 974: 966: 675:Wawa Terrane (WT) 630:Continental margin 497:- Oceanic setting 438:tectonic accretion 330: 291: 216: 131: 84:continental crusts 5255:Geology of Quebec 5207: 5206: 5153: 5152: 5148: 5147: 4969:Kerguelen Plateau 4907: 4906: 4902: 4901: 4702: 4701: 4697: 4696: 4619: 4618: 4614: 4613: 4322:(11): 1323–1346. 4297:Geoscience Canada 3922:(12): 9130–9155. 3870:(B4): 7513–7526. 3688:(10): 2287–2308. 3459:(12): 1443–1458. 3369:(11): 2429–2444. 3170:(10): 2211–2225. 2780:(11): 1467–1484. 2507:(12): 1677–1689. 2179:10.1029/95TC01452 1699:10.1130/2015.2510 1184: 1183: 933: 932: 835:- Rare metals in 684:to alkalic rocks 555:Sedimentary rocks 338:metamorphic rocks 261:sedimentary basin 170:Grenville orogens 123:Grenville orogens 16:(Redirected from 5277: 5191: 5190: 5172:World portal 5170: 5169: 5107: 5056: 5013: 4941: 4918: 4913: 4791: 4729: 4713: 4708: 4687: 4672: 4657: 4642: 4630: 4625: 4604: 4589: 4574: 4559: 4544: 4529: 4514: 4502: 4497: 4478: 4471: 4464: 4455: 4448: 4447: 4437: 4420:(3–4): 373–374. 4405: 4399: 4398: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4311: 4305: 4304: 4292: 4283: 4282: 4237: 4228: 4227: 4190: 4181: 4180: 4143: 4137: 4136: 4110: 4051: 4050: 4025:(7): 1085–1117. 4014: 3993: 3992: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3939: 3907: 3898: 3897: 3887: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3838: 3821:(9): 1617–1650. 3806: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3774: 3759: 3750: 3749: 3732:(5): 1099–1113. 3720: 3714: 3713: 3677: 3671: 3670: 3645:(6): 1261–1297. 3634: 3625: 3624: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3523: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3448: 3439: 3438: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3282:(9): 1970–1980. 3271: 3262: 3261: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3202: 3196: 3195: 3159: 3150: 3149: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3073:(7): 1256–1286. 3062: 3056: 3055: 3030:(8): 1075–1082. 3019: 3013: 3012: 3010: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2955: 2946: 2945: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2705: 2688:(9): 1023–1034. 2673: 2664: 2663: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2495: 2489: 2488: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2430:(3–4): 155–178. 2418: 2412: 2411: 2385: 2376: 2375: 2339: 2330: 2329: 2292: 2281: 2280: 2244: 2235: 2234: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2165:(5): 1220–1233. 2154: 2145: 2144: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2057: 2051: 2050: 2013: 2007: 2006: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1961: 1952: 1946: 1939: 1930: 1923: 1914: 1913: 1907: 1898: 1892: 1891: 1854: 1845: 1844: 1808: 1799: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1772: 1763: 1752: 1746: 1739: 1733: 1722: 1713: 1712: 1685: 1679: 1678: 1649: 1643: 1642: 1606: 1591: 1590: 1580: 1563:(3–4): 373–374. 1548: 1539: 1538: 1494: 1485: 1484: 1448: 1439: 1438: 1426: 1345: 1344: 1308: 1299: 1292: 1286: 1285: 1273: 1130: 1111: 822:- metagreywacke 778:Fold-thrust belt 612:Greenstone belts 595:- Iron deposits 540:Massive sulphide 382:Mineral deposit 376:Dominating rock 367: 304:fault-bend folds 300:fold-thrust belt 229:subduction zones 205:fold-thrust belt 142:Tectonic setting 46:, and southeast 21: 5285: 5284: 5280: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5275: 5274: 5210: 5209: 5208: 5203: 5202: 5164: 5149: 5144: 5130:Eastern Siberia 5120:Central America 5108: 5101: 5095: 5090:Terra Australis 5057: 5041: 5035: 5031:Pangaea Proxima 5014: 5009: 5003: 4942: 4938:microcontinents 4927: 4903: 4898: 4844:East Antarctica 4792: 4787: 4781: 4730: 4726:supercontinents 4722: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4678: 4673: 4663: 4658: 4648: 4643: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4595: 4590: 4580: 4575: 4565: 4560: 4550: 4545: 4535: 4530: 4520: 4515: 4491: 4482: 4452: 4451: 4407: 4406: 4402: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4313: 4312: 4308: 4294: 4293: 4286: 4239: 4238: 4231: 4216:10.1139/e06-060 4202:(7): 995–1030. 4192: 4191: 4184: 4169:10.1139/e06-068 4145: 4144: 4140: 4125: 4112: 4111: 4054: 4039:10.1139/e06-062 4016: 4015: 3996: 3967:(1–2): 99–156. 3958: 3957: 3953: 3909: 3908: 3901: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3808: 3807: 3803: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3772: 3770: 3767:Géologie Québec 3761: 3760: 3753: 3722: 3721: 3717: 3702:10.1139/e92-179 3679: 3678: 3674: 3636: 3635: 3628: 3581: 3580: 3576: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3450: 3449: 3442: 3427:10.1139/e95-010 3403: 3402: 3398: 3383:10.1139/e92-191 3360: 3359: 3355: 3340:10.1139/e94-026 3316: 3315: 3311: 3296:10.1139/e93-173 3273: 3272: 3265: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3213:(1–4): 97–117. 3204: 3203: 3199: 3184:10.1139/e92-175 3161: 3160: 3153: 3107: 3106: 3102: 3087:10.1139/e94-110 3064: 3063: 3059: 3044:10.1139/e86-108 3021: 3020: 3016: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2980:10.1139/e03-004 2957: 2956: 2949: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2767: 2766: 2762: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2675: 2674: 2667: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2497: 2496: 2492: 2477: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2420: 2419: 2415: 2400: 2387: 2386: 2379: 2341: 2340: 2333: 2318:10.1139/e06-035 2294: 2293: 2284: 2246: 2245: 2238: 2191: 2190: 2186: 2156: 2155: 2148: 2102: 2101: 2097: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2039:10.1139/e80-068 2015: 2014: 2010: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1959: 1954: 1953: 1949: 1940: 1933: 1924: 1917: 1905: 1900: 1899: 1895: 1856: 1855: 1848: 1810: 1809: 1802: 1788: 1784: 1774: 1773: 1766: 1753: 1749: 1740: 1736: 1723: 1716: 1709: 1687: 1686: 1682: 1667:10.1139/E09-076 1651: 1650: 1646: 1608: 1607: 1594: 1550: 1549: 1542: 1496: 1495: 1488: 1450: 1449: 1442: 1428: 1427: 1348: 1310: 1309: 1302: 1293: 1289: 1275: 1274: 1257: 1252: 1234:Greenstone belt 1214:Canadian Shield 1210: 1189: 1141:Uchian Orogeny 1128: 1107: 1082: 1071: 1067: 1046: 1026: 1004: 958: 946: 938: 770:and paragneiss 481:- Underlain by 365: 354:metasedimentary 321: 313:fault-bend fold 307:forming a ramp 296: 274: 265:marine sediment 245: 221: 189: 174:Keweenawan rift 155:Canadian Shield 144: 138:and Minnesota. 127:Keweenawan rift 111: 54:, and northern 32:Superior Craton 28: 23: 22: 18:Superior craton 15: 12: 11: 5: 5283: 5281: 5273: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5212: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5195: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5125:Eastern Africa 5122: 5117: 5112: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5093: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5006: 5004: 5002: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4924: 4922: 4916: 4909: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4719: 4717: 4711: 4704: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4694: 4681: 4679: 4666: 4664: 4651: 4649: 4636: 4634: 4628: 4621: 4620: 4617: 4616: 4612: 4611: 4598: 4596: 4583: 4581: 4568: 4566: 4553: 4551: 4538: 4536: 4523: 4521: 4508: 4506: 4500: 4493: 4492: 4483: 4481: 4480: 4473: 4466: 4458: 4450: 4449: 4400: 4379:10.1086/345842 4365:(2): 183–205. 4349: 4306: 4284: 4263:10.1086/629499 4249:(3): 337–353. 4229: 4182: 4155:(7): 749–765. 4138: 4123: 4052: 3994: 3951: 3899: 3850: 3801: 3795:10.4095/211536 3779: 3751: 3715: 3672: 3626: 3591:(3): 265–280. 3574: 3535: 3506:(2): 181–201. 3486: 3440: 3413:(2): 113–127. 3396: 3353: 3326:(2): 271–281. 3309: 3263: 3258:10.4095/210102 3240: 3197: 3151: 3116:(2): 153–166. 3100: 3057: 3014: 3008:10.4095/212652 2993: 2966:(3): 395–430. 2947: 2920:(4): 295–326. 2914:Tectonophysics 2903: 2851: 2816:(5): 733–755. 2799: 2760: 2717: 2665: 2622: 2599: 2577: 2534: 2490: 2475: 2457: 2413: 2398: 2377: 2350:(6): 818–824. 2331: 2304:(7): 967–993. 2282: 2255:(3): 171–191. 2236: 2201:(3): 312–325. 2184: 2146: 2095: 2068:(1): 257–285. 2052: 2025:(6): 710–721. 2008: 1981:(1–2): 21–58. 1965: 1947: 1931: 1915: 1893: 1846: 1800: 1782: 1764: 1747: 1734: 1714: 1707: 1680: 1661:(4): 315–351. 1644: 1592: 1540: 1519:10.1086/345842 1505:(2): 183–205. 1486: 1459:(2): 345–378. 1440: 1346: 1300: 1287: 1254: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1209: 1206: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1159: 1153: 1150: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1106: 1103: 1081: 1078: 1069: 1065: 1062:foreland basin 1045: 1042: 1025: 1022: 1003: 1000: 957: 954: 945: 942: 937: 934: 931: 930: 920: 917: 907: 905: 901: 900: 897: 894: 888: 886: 882: 881: 878: 875: 866: 864: 860: 859: 856: 853: 847: 845: 841: 840: 833: 830: 820: 818: 814: 813: 810: 807: 801: 799: 795: 794: 780: 774: 764: 762: 758: 757: 747: 744: 734: 732: 728: 727: 723: 722: 719: 716: 710: 708: 704: 703: 697: 691: 678: 676: 672: 671: 668: 662: 644: 642: 638: 637: 634: 620: 606: 604: 600: 599: 593: 590: 584: 582: 578: 577: 574: 571: 569:and diatexite 551: 549: 545: 544: 534: 521: 515: 513: 509: 508: 501: 495: 476:Volcaniclastic 466: 464: 460: 459: 447:gold deposits 441: 418: 409:volcanic rocks 407:-intermediate 395: 393: 389: 388: 384: 383: 380: 377: 374: 371: 364: 361: 320: 317: 295: 292: 273: 272:Uplift setting 270: 244: 241: 220: 217: 188: 185: 179:Regarding the 148:North American 143: 140: 110: 107: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5282: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5260:Lake Superior 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5173: 5168: 5161: 5160: 5156: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5106: 5105: 5104:Subcontinents 5100: 5099: 5097: 5092: 5091: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5069:Kumari Kandam 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5055: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5012: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4790: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4728: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4705: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4680: 4677: 4676: 4671: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4656: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4626: 4622: 4609: 4608: 4607:South America 4603: 4597: 4594: 4593: 4592:North America 4588: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4573: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4543: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4513: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4479: 4474: 4472: 4467: 4465: 4460: 4459: 4456: 4445: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4404: 4401: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4353: 4350: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4310: 4307: 4302: 4298: 4291: 4289: 4285: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4236: 4234: 4230: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4189: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4142: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4124:9781897095607 4120: 4116: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4053: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3955: 3952: 3947: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3906: 3904: 3900: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3854: 3851: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3805: 3802: 3796: 3791: 3783: 3780: 3768: 3764: 3758: 3756: 3752: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3719: 3716: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3676: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3633: 3631: 3627: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3578: 3575: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3539: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3490: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3447: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3400: 3397: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3357: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3313: 3310: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3244: 3241: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3201: 3198: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3104: 3101: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3061: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3018: 3015: 3009: 3004: 2997: 2994: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2907: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2855: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2803: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2764: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2721: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2626: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2581: 2578: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2538: 2535: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2494: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2472: 2468: 2461: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2417: 2414: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2395: 2391: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2188: 2185: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2099: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2056: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2012: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1969: 1966: 1958: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1904: 1897: 1894: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1786: 1783: 1778: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1708:9780813725109 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1684: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1648: 1645: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1432: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1291: 1288: 1283: 1279: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1205: 1203: 1197: 1193: 1186: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1149:2720-2700 Ma 1148: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1086: 1079: 1077: 1075: 1074:transpressive 1063: 1057: 1050: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1035: 1029: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1008: 1001: 999: 997: 992: 988: 984: 979: 970: 962: 955: 953: 950: 943: 941: 935: 929: 927: 921: 918: 916: 914: 908: 906: 903: 902: 898: 895: 893: 889: 887: 884: 883: 879: 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