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Fried identified a 2 cm by 2 cm area on the left SFG where stimulation produced laughter consistently (over several trials). AK reported that the laughter was accompanied by a sensation of merriment or mirth. AK gave a different explanation for the laughter each time, attributing it to an
273:(unfunny) external stimulus. Thus, laughter was attributed to the picture she was asked to name (saying "the horse is funny"), or to the sentence she was asked to read, or to persons present in the room ("you guys are just so funny... standing around").
269:. Electrical stimulation was applied to the cortical surface of AK's left frontal lobe while an attempt was made to locate the focus of her epileptic seizures (which were never accompanied by laughter).
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was present, while at higher currents a louder, contagious laughter was induced. The laughter was also accompanied by the stopping of all activities involving speech or hand movements.
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Increasing the level of stimulation current increased the duration and intensity of laughter. For example, at low currents only a
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In 1998, neurosurgeon Itzhak Fried described a 16-year-old female patient (referred to as "patient AK") who
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Coronal section through anterior cornua of lateral ventricles. Superior frontal gyrus is shown as yellow.
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431:"When the brain loses its self: prefrontal inactivation during sensorimotor processing"
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Cerebrum. Lateral view. Deep dissection. Superior frontal gyrus labelled at top-left.
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Superior frontal gyrus highlighted in green on transversal T1 MRI images
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Superior frontal gyrus highlighted in green on sagittal T1 MRI images
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Superior frontal gyrus highlighted in green on coronal T1 MRI images
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have found evidence that the superior frontal gyrus is involved in
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Watching the brain 'switch off' self-awareness at newscientist.com
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1758:Some categorizations are approximations, and some
481:Fried I, Wilson C, MacDonald K, Behnke E (1998).
297:Position of superior frontal gyrus (shown in red)
533:
8:
357:Medial surface of right cerebral hemisphere.
321:Lateral surface of left cerebral hemisphere
1509:
1434:
1270:
1169:
978:
721:
573:
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540:
526:
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333:Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere
39:
27:
498:
446:
245:, in coordination with the action of the
216:The superior frontal gyrus is one of the
33:Superior frontal gyrus of the human brain
309:Left cerebral hemisphere seen from above
201:– which makes up about one third of the
403:
287:
16:Region of the frontal lobe of the brain
483:"Electric current stimulates laughter"
429:Goldberg I, Harel M, Malach R (2006).
160:
18:
7:
1450:Lateral (frontal+parietal+temporal)
14:
261:when her SFG was stimulated with
386:
374:
362:
350:
338:
326:
314:
302:
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157:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
1544:Posterior parahippocampal gyrus
1486:Collateral (temporal+occipital)
1132:Secondary somatosensory cortex
824:Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
1:
1747:Poles of cerebral hemispheres
1481:Cingulate (frontal+cingulate)
416:braininfo.rprc.washington.edu
1120:Primary somatosensory cortex
448:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.03.015
1212:Transverse occipital sulcus
1802:
1624:Isthmus of cingulate gyrus
1445:Central (frontal+parietal)
1180:Occipital pole of cerebrum
1755:
1281:Transverse temporal gyrus
1144:Posterior parietal cortex
155:
38:
26:
1402:Inferior temporal sulcus
1323:Superior temporal sulcus
1006:Inferior parietal lobule
989:Superior parietal lobule
929:Supplementary motor area
89:gyrus frontalis superior
1407:Inferior temporal gyrus
1351:Occipitotemporal sulcus
1297:Superior temporal gyrus
1190:Lateral occipital gyrus
941:Supplementary eye field
682:Inferior frontal sulcus
677:Superior frontal sulcus
211:superior frontal sulcus
1668:Fimbria of hippocampus
734:Superior frontal gyrus
632:Inferior frontal gyrus
586:Superior frontal gyrus
237:experiments, Goldberg
179:superior frontal gyrus
22:Superior frontal gyrus
1655:Hippocampal formation
1514:Parahippocampal gyrus
1328:Middle temporal gyrus
265:during treatment for
1628:Retrosplenial cortex
1476:Longitudinal fissure
1368:Medial temporal lobe
1045:Intraparietal sulcus
905:Primary motor cortex
802:Orbitofrontal cortex
751:Medial frontal gyrus
608:Middle frontal gyrus
1605:Posterior cingulate
1015:Supramarginal gyrus
1663:Hippocampal sulcus
1583:Anterior cingulate
1460:Preoccipital notch
1061:Paracentral lobule
1031:Parietal operculum
953:Frontal eye fields
885:Paracentral sulcus
873:Paracentral lobule
774:Paraolfactory area
770:Paraterminal gyrus
1768:
1767:
1712:
1711:
1537:Postrhinal cortex
1532:Perirhinal cortex
1527:Entorhinal cortex
1499:
1498:
1455:Parieto-occipital
1422:
1421:
1260:
1259:
1159:
1158:
1116:Postcentral gyrus
968:
967:
893:
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713:
712:
705:Precentral sulcus
668:Pars triangularis
284:Additional images
193:– a ridge on the
171:
170:
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72:Anterior cerebral
1793:
1694:Indusium griseum
1559:Cingulate cortex
1549:Prepyriform area
1510:
1435:
1315:Planum temporale
1271:
1252:Calcarine sulcus
1170:
979:
850:Olfactory sulcus
836:Subcallosal area
722:
700:Precentral gyrus
659:Pars opercularis
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263:electric current
205:. It is bounded
163:edit on Wikidata
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1491:Callosal sulcus
1469:Medial/inferior
1464:
1429:
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1344:Medial/inferior
1339:
1311:Wernicke's area
1285:Auditory cortex
1256:
1221:Medial/inferior
1216:
1155:
1104:
1100:Marginal sulcus
1054:Medial/inferior
1049:
964:
917:Premotor cortex
889:
859:
718:Medial/inferior
709:
686:
556:
550:cerebral cortex
548:Anatomy of the
546:
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199:cerebral cortex
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34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1799:
1797:
1789:
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1783:
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1760:Brodmann areas
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1732:
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1726:Insular cortex
1722:
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1718:Insular cortex
1714:
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1600:
1595:
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1571:Subgenual area
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1470:
1466:
1465:
1463:
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1457:
1452:
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1432:
1430:sulci/fissures
1424:
1423:
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1419:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1365:
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1363:
1356:Fusiform gyrus
1353:
1347:
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1338:
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1320:
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1204:
1203:
1202:
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1185:Occipital gyri
1182:
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1165:Occipital lobe
1161:
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1128:
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1038:
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855:Orbital sulcus
852:
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832:
831:
821:
820:
819:
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809:
795:
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786:Straight gyrus
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647:
645:Pars orbitalis
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247:sensory system
243:self-awareness
230:
229:Self-awareness
227:
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187:marginal gyrus
169:
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1697:
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1678:Rhinal sulcus
1676:
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1673:Dentate gyrus
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1471:
1467:
1461:
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1438:Superolateral
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1308:
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1300:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:Superolateral
1272:
1269:
1267:
1266:Temporal lobe
1263:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:Lingual gyrus
1243:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1228:Visual cortex
1226:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:Lunate sulcus
1205:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
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1173:Superolateral
1171:
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1162:
1150:
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1133:
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1123:
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1064:
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1059:
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1056:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1024:Angular gyrus
1021:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
990:
987:
986:
984:
982:Superolateral
980:
977:
975:
974:Parietal lobe
971:
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621:
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602:
599:
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589:
588:
587:
584:
583:
581:
579:
575:
572:
570:Superolateral
568:
565:
563:
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555:
551:
543:
538:
536:
531:
529:
524:
523:
520:
510:
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501:
500:10.1038/35536
496:
493:(6668): 650.
492:
488:
484:
477:
474:
471:
466:
463:
458:
454:
449:
444:
441:(2): 329–39.
440:
436:
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389:
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1786:Frontal lobe
1757:
1521:
798:Orbital gyri
733:
650:Broca's area
585:
562:Frontal lobe
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218:frontal gyri
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203:frontal lobe
186:
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175:neuroanatomy
172:
126:A14.1.09.121
114:birnlex_1303
88:
60:Frontal lobe
1505:Limbic lobe
554:human brain
412:"BrainInfo"
78:Identifiers
1775:Categories
1762:span gyri.
1428:Interlobar
1125:3, 1 and 2
865:Precentral
726:Prefrontal
692:Precentral
578:Prefrontal
399:References
96:NeuroNames
1742:Operculum
1290:41 and 42
1088:Precuneus
207:laterally
1704:Amygdala
1522:anterior
457:16630842
267:epilepsy
253:Laughter
224:Function
108:NeuroLex
1735:General
552:of the
509:9490408
259:laughed
209:by the
189:) is a
185:, also
56:Part of
51:Details
1240:Cuneus
507:
487:Nature
455:
435:Neuron
239:et al.
177:, the
67:Artery
1699:Uncus
1687:Other
1563:gyrus
278:smile
195:brain
191:gyrus
161:[
150:61857
84:Latin
1781:Gyri
1109:Both
898:Both
505:PMID
453:PMID
235:fMRI
138:5456
121:TA98
495:doi
491:391
443:doi
233:In
197:'s
183:SFG
173:In
145:FMA
133:TA2
1777::
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