285:
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4557:
324:
4602:
4572:
4527:
4655:
4685:
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4512:
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1020:
melting of the rocks in the
English River belt and Winnipeg River Terrane, as well as the overthrusting of the North Caribou Superterrane onto the English River Basin in a southward direction. Arc-related magmatic activities sustained in other areas of the southern North Caribou Superterrane margin at <2710 Ma. What was following is the deformation penetrative in both eastern (occurred at 2714-2702 Ma) and western (occurred at <2704 Ma) margins, followed by ductile-brittle faults.
961:
5167:
211:
1085:
1049:
969:
1007:
4587:
5189:
328:
Terrane; WT: Wawa
Terrane; MRVT: Minnesota River Valley Terrane; KU: Kapuskasing Uplift; AT: Abitibi Terrane; PT: Pontiac Terrane; OcS: Opatica Subprovince; AC: Ashuanipi Complex; OnS: Opinaca Subprovince; LG: La Grande Subprovince; BS: Bienville Subprovince; I: Inukjuak Domain; II Tikkerutuk Domain; IV: Lake Minto Domain; V: Goudalie Domain: VI Utsalik Domain; VII: Douglas Harbour Domain
1101:
Terrane and the Wawa-Abitibi
Terrane, like a rigid "jaw" juxtaposing a weak zone in the "vice" models suggested by Ellis et al. (1998). However, the study of seismic reflection images by Percival et al. reveals that Minnesota River Valley Terrane positions at the bottom of a thrust sequence, providing evidence that it is an oceanic slab.
981:
oceanic crust. The combination of the
Northern Superior Superterrane and the North Caribou Superterrane by subduction marked the initiation of the Superior Craton formation. The southward movement of the Northern Superior Superterrane to the North Caribou Superterrane driven by subduction activity is evident by
1031:
Two types of models were proposed to illustrate the process accretion with distinctive subduction polarity: Sanborn-Barrie and
Skulski (2006) suggested that the accretion was achieved by the northeastward subduction of the Western Wabigoon Terrane underneath the Winnipeg River Terrane. This model is
993:
zone at the contact between the two terranes. The suture zone of the subduction is inferred to be the margin of the North Kenyon Fault. The docking of the
Northern Superior Superterrane is evident by the >3.5 Ga detrital zircons found in synorogenic (meaning that it forms during an orogenic event)
1195:
The first one is suggested by
Percival and Skulski (2000). It is a collisional model which at 2700 Ma, the Rivière terrane from the east collided with the Hudson Bay terrane located at the west side. This collision leads to the high-grade metamorphism followed by a regional folding event. Apart from
1092:
As the last significant accretion event, The
Minnesotan Orogeny is associated with the accretion of the oceanic Minnesota River Valley Terrane and the composite Superior Craton. Subduction between the two terranes drove the Minnesota River Valley Terrane northward to meet the gigantic craton, which
1039:
Another type of Models was suggested by Davis and Smith (1991), Percival et al. (2004a) and Melnyk et al. (2006), which suggested an opposite direction of subduction (Southwestward). These models are supported by the ductile rock textures in the lower plate of the
Winnipeg River Terrane and the open
1652:
Cook, Frederick A.; White, Donald J.; Jones, Alan G.; Eaton, David W.S.; Hall, Jeremy; Clowes, Ronald M. (April 2010). Spence, George (ed.). "How the crust meets the mantle: Lithoprobe perspectives on the
Mohorovičić discontinuity and crust–mantle transitionThis article is one of a series of papers
1100:
The Minnesotan orogeny accounts for most of the deformation events in the Wawa-Abitibi Terrane and Minnesota River Valley Terrane. Research in the past regarded the Minnesota River Valley Terrane as a stiff crust with higher resistance relative to the weaker zones between the Minnesota River Valley
1019:
During the orogeny, at the south-central North Caribou Superterrane, rocks were deformed thoroughly (from 2718 to 2712 Ma). After the deformation, plutons were emplaced in the area after the tectonic movements and cooled by about 2700 Ma. Following the cooling of the pluton was the swift burial and
980:
along the Northern Superior Superterrane and the North Caribou Terrane caused the southward drifting of the Northern Superior Superterrane. Over time, it united the North Caribou Superterrane and confined the Oxford-Stull domain, which contains rock assemblages related to the continental margin and
948:
The western Superior Craton is formed by different terranes stitching with each other continuously during the Neoarchean period. Such a progressive assembly can be explained by five discrete orogenies (mountain-building processes). They are, from the oldest event to the youngest event, the Northern
1059:
The northward direction of the subduction is evident due to the ceased arc magmatism in Winnipeg River superterrane at about 2695 Ma. Apart from the ceased magmatism, the sanukitoid plutons formed in the area during 2695-2685 Ma (which inferred the breakoff of a subduction slab) also indicated the
1010:
During this period, the Winnipeg River Terrane at the south docked northward onto the North Caribou Terrane. The two terranes then sutured to form the English River belt, which was no earlier than <2705 Ma. Also, it marks the accretion of the younger Western Wabigoon terrane to the southwestern
327:
This map shows the major domains of the Superior Craton. NSS: Northern Superior Superterrane; OSD Oxford-Stull Terrane; NCT: North Caribou Terrane; ERT: English River Domain; WRT: Winnipeg River Domain; WWT: Western Wabigoon Terrane; EWT: Eastern Wabigoon Terrane; MT: Marmion Terrane; QT: Quetico
183:, there are three major trends of subparallel faults slicing the craton into linear subprovinces. In the northwestern part, faulting occurs in a west–northwest direction. The northeastern part has northwest-trending faults. The faults in the remaining southern part possess an east–west direction.
306:
separated by main thrust faults. The fold-thrust belt is formed in a compression setting like crust collision. when the crust is compressed, thrusts dipping towards where the compression comes formed. The hanging walls of the thrusts slide up along the fault plane and stacks above the footwall,
114:
101:), the Uchian Orogeny (2720–2700 Ma), the Central Superior Orogeny (2700 Ma), the Shebandowanian Orogeny (2690 Ma), and the Minnesotan Orogeny (2680 Ma). For the eastern part, two models are suggested. The first model by Percival and Skulski (2000) focuses on the collision between the
89:
Researchers have divided the Superior Craton into many different domains based on rock types and deformation styles. These domains (grouped into western and eastern superior provinces), include the North Superior Superterrane and Wawa Terrane, among others (shown in the table below).
2421:
Ayer, J.A.; Davis, D.W. (February 1997). "Neoarchean evolution of differing convergent margin assemblages in the Wabigoon Subprovince: geochemical and geochronological evidence from the Lake of the Woods greenstone belt, Superior Province, Northwestern Ontario".
133:
The Superior Craton covers central Canada; it occupies the northern and central part of Quebec, extending across the central and the southern part of Ontario, and also covers southeast Manitoba, with its tip reaching the boundary between the U.S. states of
3723:
Isnard, Hélène; Gariépy, Clément (2004-03-01). "Sm–Nd, Lu–Hf and Pb–Pb signatures of gneisses and granitoids from the La Grande belt: extent of late Archean crustal recycling in the northeastern Superior Province, Canada2 2Associate editor: R. J. Walker".
4146:
Lin, S; Davis, D W; Rotenberg, E; Corkery, M T; Bailes, A H (July 2006). "Geological evolution of the northwestern Superior Province: Clues from geology, kinematics, and geochronology in the Gods Lake Narrows area, Oxford–Stull terrane, Manitoba".
2859:
Polat, A.; Kerrich, R. (April 2001). "Magnesian andesites, Nb-enriched basalt-andesites, and adakites from late-Archean 2.7 Ga Wawa greenstone belts, Superior Province, Canada: implications for late Archean subduction zone petrogenetic processes".
276:
Some terranes, such as the Kapuskasing Uplift, were formed from the uplifting of the crustal block. For example, during 1.85 Ga, the American Midcontinent and the Superior Craton collided. The collision between the two cratons triggered an Archean
239:. The huge amount of magma then rose up, penetrated through the crust above and erupted. The continuous eruption of volcanic material cooled down and accumulated around the centers of eruption, forming a chain of volcanoes in the shape of an arc.
267:
scraped off from the oceanic crust before it is subducted. The sedimentary basin is formed from the accumulation of erosive material from the volcanoes, which lying flatly between the volcanoes and the topographic high of the accretionary wedge.
949:
Superior Orogeny, the Uchian Orogeny, the Central Superior Orogeny, the Shebandowanian Orogeny and the Minnesotan Orogeny. These events show that the timeline of accretions starts from the north with a southward assembling direction.
2911:
Polat, A.; Kerrich, R.; Wyman, D.A. (April 1998). "The late Archean Schreiber–Hemlo and White River–Dayohessarah greenstone belts, Superior Province: collages of oceanic plateaus, oceanic arcs, and subduction–accretion complexes".
1857:
Böhm, Christian O; Heaman, Larry M; Stern, Richard A; Corkery, M. Timothy; Creaser, Robert A (2003-09-15). "Nature of assean lake ancient crust, Manitoba: a combined SHRIMP–ID-TIMS U–Pb geochronology and Sm–Nd isotope study".
1191:
The correlations of different building processes of the NE Superior Craton remains sophisticated. Still, there are two general understandings to unveil the relationships among the overlapping magmatic and metamorphic events.
1060:
subduction towards the north. After the subduction, the two terranes were sutured under the Quetico belt. This also trapped the clastic sediments fluxing into the belt, marking its transition from an accretionary wedge to a
3317:
Benn, Keith; Miles, Warner; Ghassemi, Mohammad R.; Gillett, John (February 1994). "Crustal structure and kinematic framework of the northwestern Pontiac Subprovince, Quebec: an integrated structural and geophysical study".
2498:
Ayer, John A.; Dostal, Jaroslav (2000). "Nd and Pb isotopes from the Lake of the Woods greenstone belt, northwestern Ontario: implications for mantle evolution and the formation of crust in the southern Superior Province".
4240:
Davis, D. W.; Smith, P. M. (May 1991). "Archean Gold Mineralization in the Wabigoon Subprovince, a Product of Crustal Accretion: Evidence from U–Pb Geochronology in the Lake of the Woods Area, Superior Province, Canada".
3787:
Ciesielski, A (2000). Géologie et lithogéochimie de la partie occidentale de la sous-province de Bienville et des zones adjacentes dans l'est de la Province du Supérieur, Québec (Report). Geological Survey of Canada.
3404:
Davis, W.J.; Machado, N.; Gariépy, C.; Sawyer, E. W.; Benn, K. (February 1995). "U–Pb geochronology of the Opatica tonalite-gneiss belt and its relationship to the Abitibi greenstone belt, Superior Province, Quebec".
1199:
The second one is suggested by BĂ©dard (2003) and BĂ©dard et al. (2003). This model puts emphasis on the role of magmatic diapirism in the linear structure and metamorphism of the NE superior craton, implying an active
2016:
Nunes, P. D.; Thurston, P. C. (June 1980). "Two hundred and twenty million years of Archean evolution: a zircon U–Pb age stratigraphic study of the Uchi–Confederation Lakes greenstone belt, northwestern Ontario".
1015:
During this period, the Winnipeg River Terrane at the south docked northward onto the North Caribou Terrane. The two terranes then sutured to form the English River belt, which was no earlier than <2705 Ma.
2807:
Polat, Ali; Kerrich, Robert (October 1999). "Formation of an Archean tectonic mélange in the Schreiber-Hemlo greenstone belt, Superior Province, Canada: Implications for Archean subduction-accretion process".
1096:
The northward direction of the subduction is proven by the peraluminous granitoid magmatism in the southern margin of the Abitibi terrane, as well as the isotopic signature of the ancient crust underneath it.
1791:
Tectonic and magmatic processes in crustal growth: A Pan-Lithoprobe perspective. Edited by, RM Harrap and HH Helmstaedt. Lithoprobe Secretariat, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Lithoprobe
2295:
Melnyk, M; Davis, D W; Cruden, A R; Stern, R A (2006-07-01). "U–Pb ages constraining structural development of an Archean terrane boundary in the Lake of the Woods area, western Superior Province, Canada".
288:
Some terranes, such as the Pontiac Terrane, were previously a fold-thrust belt. A fold-thrust belt is a zone consisting of a series of thrusts (reverse faults) and fault-bend folds separated by main thrust
4193:
Sanborn-Barrie, M; Skulski, T (July 2006). "Sedimentary and structural evidence for 2.7 Ga continental arc–oceanic-arc collision in the Savant–Sturgeon greenstone belt, western Superior Province, Canada".
3582:
Percival, John A.; Stern, Richard A.; Rayner, Nicole (2003-06-01). "Archean adakites from the Ashuanipi complex, eastern Superior Province, Canada: geochemistry, geochronology and tectonic significance".
1688:
Mints, Michael V.; Dokukina, Ksenia A.; Konilov, Alexander N.; Philippova, Irina B.; Zlobin, Valery L.; Babayants, Pavel S.; Belousova, Elena A.; Blokh, Yury I.; Bogina, Maria M. (May 2015). "Abstract".
2192:
Corfu, F. (March 1988). "Differential response of U–Pb systems in coexisting accessory minerals, Winnipeg River Subprovince, Canadian Shield: implications for Archean crustal growth and stabilization".
231:. Due to tectonic activities in the Earth, the relevant continental and oceanic crusts collided before 2.70 Ga. The denser oceanic crust subducted underneath the continental crust and melted into the
74:
that has been stable and subjected to very little geological changes over a long time. The size of Superior Craton is about 1,572,000 km. The craton underwent a series of events from 4.3 to 2.57
2247:
Davis, D.W.; Sutcliffe, R.H.; Trowell, N.F. (July 1988). "Geochronological constraints on the tectonic evolution of a late Archaean greenstone belt, Wabigoon Subprovince, Northwest Ontario, Canada".
4314:
Ellis, Susan; Beaumont, Christopher; Jamieson, Rebecca A.; Quinlan, Garry (1998). "Continental collision including a weak zone: the vise model and its application to the Newfoundland Appalachians".
3361:
Benn, Keith; Sawyer, Edward W.; Bouchez, Jean-Luc (November 1992). "Orogen parallel and transverse shearing in the Opatica belt, Quebec: implications for the structure of the Abitibi Subprovince".
2157:
Corfu, F.; Stott, G. M.; Breaks, F. W. (October 1995). "U–Pb geoehronology and evolution of the English River Subprovince, an Archean low P-high T metasedimentary belt in the Superior Province".
2103:
Perkins, Dexter; Chipera, Steve J. (March 1985). "Garnet-orthopyroxene-plagioclase-quartz barometry: refinement and application to the English River subprovince and the Minnesota River valley".
3680:
Percival, J. A.; Mortensen, J. K.; Stern, R. A.; Card, K. D.; BĂ©gin, N. J. (October 1992). "Giant granulite terranes of northeastern Superior Province: the Ashuanipi complex and Minto block".
3205:
Davis, Donald W. (May 2002). "U–Pb geochronology of Archean metasedimentary rocks in the Pontiac and Abitibi subprovinces, Quebec, constraints on timing, provenance and regional tectonics".
994:
sedimentary rocks aged <2.711 Ga. The docking also initiated the eruption of shoshonitic volcanic rocks during 2710 Ma and the regional shortening. The regional shortening had undergone
915:-bearing plutonic rocks - IV: metasedimentary and pyroxene-bearing pluton - V: pyroxene-bearing pluton with minor tonalite - VI: magnetic pyroxene-bearing pluton - VII: tonalitic complex
4017:
Percival, J A; Sanborn-Barrie, M; Skulski, T; Stott, G M; Helmstaedt, H; White, D J (July 2006). "Tectonic evolution of the western Superior Province from NATMAP and Lithoprobe studies".
2542:
Wyman, D.A.; Ayer, J.A.; Devaney, J.R. (June 2000). "Niobium-enriched basalts from the Wabigoon subprovince, Canada: evidence for adakitic metasomatism above an Archean subduction zone".
1811:
Böhm, Christian O.; Heaman, Larry M.; Creaser, Robert A.; Corkery, M. Timothy (2000-01-01). "Discovery of pre-3.5 Ga exotic crust at the northwestern Superior Province margin, Manitoba".
263:. The outer arc high is formed by the flexural upward motion of the oceanic crust edge before it enters the subduction zone. The accretionary wedges are formed from the accumulation of
3543:
Morfin, Samuel; Sawyer, Edward W.; Bandyayera, Daniel (2014-05-01). "The geochemical signature of a felsic injection complex in the continental crust: Opinaca Subprovince, Quebec".
4295:
Percival, J.A.; Bleeker, W.; Cook, F.A.; Rivers, T.; Ross, G.; van Staal, C.R. (2004). "PanLITHOPROBE workshop IV: Intra-orogen correlations and comparative orogenic anatomy".
922:- Syngenetic: Algoma-type iron formation, volcanogenic massive sulphide, Ni-Cu deposits, Fe-Ti-V deposits (hosted by mafic intrusions), and U-Th-Mo bearing porphyry deposits
976:
Before 2720 Ma, there were many pieces of microcontinent fragments which E-W trending conduit-like ocean crusts (with unknown extent) separates them. During 2720 Ma, active
1724:
Grove, T. L., Till, C. B., Lev, E., Chatterjee, N., & MĂ©dard, E. (2009). Kinematic variables and water transport control the formation and location of arc volcanoes.
1941:
Corkery, M. T., Cameron, H. D. M., Lin, S., Skulski, T., Whalen, J. B., & Stern, R. A. (2000). Geological investigations in the Knee Lake belt (parts of NTS 53L).
1789:
Skulski, T., Percival, J. A., Whalen, J. B., Stern, R. A., Harrap, R. M., & Helmstaedt, H. H. (1999). Archean crustal evolution in the northern Superior Province.
4357:
BĂ©dard, Jean H. (March 2003). "Evidence for Regional-Scale, Pluton-Driven, High-Grade Metamorphism in the Archaean Minto Block, Northern Superior Province, Canada".
3001:
Zaleski, E; Peterson, V L (2001). Geology, Manitouwadge Greenstone Belt and the Wawa-Quetico Subprovince boundary, Ontario (Report). A. Geological Survey of Canada.
1497:
BĂ©dard, Jean H. (March 2003). "Evidence for Regional-Scale, Pluton-Driven, High-Grade Metamorphism in the Archaean Minto Block, Northern Superior Province, Canada".
3451:
Sawyer, E.W.; Benn, K. (December 1993). "Structure of the high-grade Opatica Belt and adjacent low-grade Abitibi Subprovince, Canada: an Archaean mountain front".
1609:
Mints, Michael V. (2017-11-01). "The composite North American Craton, Superior Province: Deep crustal structure and mantle-plume model of Neoarchaean evolution".
1028:
The Central Orogeny is significant as it involves the accretion of the younger Western Wabigoon terrane to the southwestern margin of the Winnipeg River Terrane.
2342:
Davis, D. W.; Jackson, M. C. (1988-06-01). "Geochronology of the Lumby Lake greenstone belt: A 3 Ga complex within the Wabigoon subprovince, northwest Ontario".
4475:
4410:"Erratum to "Archaean cratonization and deformation in the northern Superior Province, Canada: an evaluation of plate tectonic versus vertical tectonic models""
2769:
1553:"Erratum to "Archaean cratonization and deformation in the northern Superior Province, Canada: an evaluation of plate tectonic versus vertical tectonic models""
1040:
folds in the Western Wabigoon Terrane, implying the overriding role of Western Wabigoon Terrane instead of Winnipeg River Terrane shown in the previous model.
1056:
Shebandowanian orogeny marks the accretion of the Wawa-Abitibi terrane to the composite Superior superterrane at the southern margin of the Wabigoon terranes.
2630:
SOUTHWICK, D. L. (1991). "On the genesis of Archean granite through two-stage melting of the Quetico accretionary prism at a transpressional plate boundary".
940:
Research of the Superior Craton in the past focused on how the western part formed. This leaves uncertainties in the linkage between the west and the east.
3162:
Chown, E. H.; Daigneault, RĂ©al; Mueller, Wulf; Mortensen, J. K. (October 1992). "Tectonic evolution of the Northern Volcanic Zone, Abitibi belt, Quebec".
1157:
Davis and Smith (1991), Percival et al. (2004a) and Melnyk et al. (2006): The young craton moved southwestward to fuse with the Western Wabigoon Terrane.
1903:"Geological and geochronological investigations in the Stull Lake–Edmund Lake greenstone belt and granitoid rocks of the northwestern Superior Province"
751:- Central: Massive sulphide deposits and vein gold deposits - South: Gold deposits, Cu-Zn massive sulphide deposits, intrusive Ni deposits, and minor
964:
Before 2720 Ma, there were many pieces of microcontinent fragments which E-W trending conduit-like ocean crusts (with unknown extent) separates them.
3248:
Card, K D; Poulsen, K H (1998). "Geology and mineral deposits of the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield". In Lucas, S B; St-Onge, M R (eds.).
539:
3274:
Mortensen, J. K.; Card, K. D. (September 1993). "U–Pb age constraints for the magmatic and tectonic evolution of the Pontiac Subprovince, Quebec".
3022:
Corfu, F.; Stott, G. M. (August 1986). "U–Pb ages for late magmatism and regional deformation in the Shebandowan Belt, Superior Province, Canada".
952:
For these accretions, the North Caribou Terrane acted as the accretion nuclei onto which other terranes dock on its northern and southern side.
251:
in the past. A forearc is the region between the volcanic arc and the subduction zone. It includes several components, including the subduction
284:
93:
Studies on the formation of the Superior Craton varied in progress between the western and the eastern part. For the western part, five major
1973:
Thurston, P.C; Chivers, K.M (January 1990). "Secular variation in greenstone sequence development emphasizing Superior Province, Canada".
281:, the Ivanhoe Lake fault. The upward movement of the hanging wall causes the uplift of a crustal block, known as the Kapuskasing Uplift.
5264:
3637:
PERCIVAL, J. A. (1991-12-01). "Granulite-Facies Metamorphism and Crustal Magmatism in the Ashuanipi Complex, Quebec--Labrador, Canada".
1032:
supported by evidence like the formation of the tonalitic and pyroclastic rocks in 2715-2700Ma and the deformation style of the Warclub
1451:
Percival, J. A.; Skulski, T. (2000-04-01). "Tectonothermal Evolution of the Northern Minto Block, Superior Province, Quebec, Canada".
1064:. At the northern Wawa-Abitibi terrane, researchers identified two events of deformation occurred during the orogeny. The first one (D
4468:
4122:
3762:
1706:
2958:
Muir, T L (March 2003). "Structural evolution of the Hemlo greenstone belt in the vicinity of the world-class Hemlo gold deposit".
1294:
Bleeker, W., & Davis, B. W. (2004, May). What is a craton? How many are there? How do they relate? And how did they form?. In
5249:
5239:
223:
Some terranes, such as the Western Wabigoon Terrane, are formed from the setting of an oceanic arc. An oceanic arc is a chain of
214:
Some of the terranes were formed from the structures of a volcanic arc, including the volcanic arc chain and the forearc setting.
3811:"Water-deficient Calc-alkaline Plutonic Rocks of Northeastern Superior Province, Canada: Significance of Charnockitic Magmatism"
3108:
Ludden, John; Hubert, Claude; Gariépy, Clement (March 1986). "The tectonic evolution of the Abitibi greenstone belt of Canada".
105:. The second model by BĂ©dard (2003) and BĂ©dard et al. (2003) focuses on the effect of an active anorogenic magmatic activity.
5269:
2474:
2397:
332:
The Superior Province can be divided into three parts. The first part is the northwestern region characterized by high-grade
2467:
Petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the Lake of the Woods greenstone belt, western Wabigoon Subprovince, Ontario, Canada
5234:
5177:
5229:
5083:
4461:
1284:(49). Skulski, Thomas and Sanborn-Barrie, M. and Stott, Greg and Leclair, A.D. and Corkery, M.T. and Boily, M.: 321–378.
1068:
deformation event) is the intra-arc deformation accompanied by calc-alkaline magmatism during 2695 Ma. The second one (D
812:- Volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits, Cu-Au vein deposits, Intrusion-hosted Ni-Cu deposits and iron formation
2725:
Percival, John A.; Williams, Howard R. (1989). "Late Archean Quetico accretionary complex, Superior province, Canada".
5244:
5043:
3959:
Card, K.D. (August 1990). "A review of the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield, a product of Archean accretion".
1238:
1653:
published in this Special Issue on the theme Lithoprobe — parameters, processes, and the evolution of a continent ".
3912:"The building and stabilization of an Archean Craton in the Superior Province, Canada, from a heat flow perspective"
323:
5254:
3065:
Percival, John A.; West, Gordon F. (1994-07-01). "The Kapuskasing uplift: a geological and geophysical synthesis".
681:
4988:
4978:
4731:
2785:
2746:
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this, the model relates the collision with the Uchian orogeny concurrently happening at the south and the west.
1155:
Sanborn-Barrie and Skulski (2006): Western Wabigoon Terrane docked northeastward to the Winnipeg River Terrane.
336:, such as Minto and Pikwitonei. The second part is the northeastern region, which is characterized by pervasive
5197:
4963:
3496:"Large-scale melt-depletion in granulite terranes: an example from the Archean Ashuanipi Subprovince of Quebec"
173:
126:
1832:
5020:
5015:
2770:"Shebandowan greenstone belt, western Superior Province: U–Pb ages, tectonic implications, and correlations"
1754:
Poblet, J., & Lisle, R. J. (2011). Kinematic evolution and structural styles of fold-and-thrust belts.
5259:
4958:
1076:
deformation at the margin between the Wawa-Abitibi Terrane and the Wabigoon terranes during 2685-2680 Ma.
739:
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4751:
4561:
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1311:
Anhaeusser, Carl R. (2014-12-01). "Archaean greenstone belts and associated granitic rocks – A review".
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2609:
Petrogenesis of the late Archean Quetico alkaline suite intrusions, Western Superior Province, Canada
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Geology of the Precambrian Superior and Grenville provinces and Precambrian fossils in North America
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and extra. Common among them is that these features were mostly formed in a compression setting.
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1956:
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Card, K. D. (1985). "Geology and tectonics of the Archean Superior Province, Canadian Shield".
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assemblage which infers the over-riding of Winnipeg River Terrane on Western Wabigoon Terrane.
113:
5114:
4968:
4933:
4439:
4382:
4339:
4266:
4219:
4172:
4128:
4118:
4042:
3984:
3941:
3889:
3840:
3741:
3705:
3662:
3608:
3564:
3525:
3476:
3430:
3386:
3343:
3299:
3230:
3187:
3133:
3090:
3047:
2983:
2937:
2885:
2833:
2789:
2750:
2707:
2655:
2612:
2590:
2567:
2524:
2480:
2470:
2469:(PhD thesis). National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada (published 2001).
2447:
2403:
2393:
2367:
2321:
2272:
2218:
2128:
2085:
2042:
1998:
1902:
1883:
1836:
1702:
1670:
1634:
1582:
1522:
1468:
1336:
836:
349:
260:
232:
169:
122:
83:
3860:"Crustal magnetization and long-wavelength aeromagnetic anomalies of the Minto block, Quebec"
129:, while the southernmost tip of the craton in Minnesota is reaching the Central Plain orogen.
5224:
5219:
5129:
4793:
4429:
4374:
4331:
4258:
4211:
4164:
4034:
3976:
3931:
3879:
3830:
3789:
3733:
3697:
3654:
3600:
3556:
3515:
3468:
3422:
3378:
3335:
3291:
3253:
3222:
3179:
3125:
3082:
3039:
3002:
2975:
2929:
2877:
2825:
2781:
2742:
2697:
2647:
2559:
2555:
2516:
2439:
2359:
2313:
2264:
2210:
2174:
2120:
2077:
2034:
1990:
1875:
1828:
1694:
1662:
1626:
1572:
1514:
1460:
1328:
554:
475:
337:
210:
1084:
1048:
968:
5119:
5089:
5030:
4853:
1233:
1213:
1006:
611:
345:
278:
264:
180:
176:, while the southernmost tip of the craton in Minnesota reaches the Central Plain orogen.
154:
71:
2678:"The development of the Superior Province of northwestern Ontario by merging island arcs"
4425:
4370:
4327:
4254:
4207:
4160:
4030:
3972:
3927:
3875:
3826:
3693:
3650:
3596:
3552:
3511:
3464:
3418:
3374:
3331:
3287:
3218:
3175:
3121:
3078:
3035:
2971:
2925:
2873:
2821:
2738:
2693:
2643:
2512:
2435:
2355:
2309:
2260:
2206:
2170:
2116:
2073:
2030:
1986:
1871:
1824:
1622:
1568:
1510:
1324:
5051:
4771:
4725:
1180:
Minnesotan River Valley Terrane moved northward to collide with the pre-mature craton.
1133:
Northern Superior Superterrane moves southward to dock onto the North Caribou Terrane.
1061:
995:
252:
3226:
2933:
2563:
2443:
2060:
Meyn, H. D.; Palonen, P. A. (1980-09-01). "Stratigraphy of an Archean submarine fan".
1879:
1088:
Minnesotan River Valley Terrane moved northward to collide with the pre-mature craton.
972:
Northern Superior Superterrane moves southward to dock onto the North Caribou Terrane.
302:. A fold-thrust belt is a zone consisting of a series of thrusts (reverse faults) and
5213:
5068:
4606:
4601:
4591:
4586:
4394:
4278:
3980:
3620:
3520:
3495:
3472:
3145:
2897:
2845:
2268:
2230:
2140:
2081:
1994:
1777:
Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on Early Crustal Genesis: The World's Oldest Rocks
1534:
1332:
1277:
1073:
408:
147:
79:
59:
4434:
4409:
1743:
A study of crustal uplift along the Kapuskasing Zone using 2. 45 Ga Matachewan dykes
1630:
1577:
1552:
1480:
5171:
5124:
4858:
4833:
4644:
4639:
2587:
Geology and tectonostratigraphic assemblages, eastern Wabigoon Subprovince, Ontario
825:
623:
486:
433:
312:
303:
196:
135:
3835:
3810:
3658:
1429:
John Percival (2007). "Geology and Metallogeny of the Superior Province, Canada".
3560:
17:
5025:
4993:
4983:
3252:. Geology of Canada Series no. 7. Geological Survey of Canada. pp. 15–204.
1431:
Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division, Special Publication
738:- Central: Plutonic rocks and minor volcanic rocks - South: Younger greywackes,
713:
657:
429:
158:
35:
5063:
4973:
4953:
4803:
4531:
4526:
3737:
3604:
3129:
2484:
2064:. Early Precambrian Volcanology and Sedimentology in the Light of the Recent.
1464:
977:
694:
687:
558:
454:
228:
4443:
4386:
4343:
4270:
4223:
4176:
4132:
4046:
3988:
3945:
3893:
3844:
3745:
3709:
3666:
3612:
3568:
3529:
3480:
3434:
3390:
3347:
3303:
3234:
3191:
3137:
3094:
3051:
2987:
2941:
2889:
2837:
2793:
2754:
2711:
2659:
2616:
2571:
2528:
2451:
2371:
2325:
2276:
2222:
2132:
2089:
2046:
2002:
1887:
1840:
1674:
1638:
1586:
1526:
1472:
1340:
1169:
The Wawa-Abitibi terrane moved northward to collide with the growing craton.
5134:
5103:
4998:
4948:
4868:
4863:
4808:
4741:
4484:
4335:
2594:
2520:
2407:
1052:
The Wawa-Abitibi terrane moved northward to collide with the growing craton.
1033:
871:
804:
749:- North: Massive sulphide deposits, Cu-Zn vein deposits, lode gold deposits
649:
615:
566:
524:
424:
421:
414:
341:
308:
150:
55:
2702:
2677:
2881:
1929:. Ministry of Northern Development & Mines, Ontario Geological Survey.
5058:
4943:
4848:
4823:
4813:
4776:
4761:
4746:
4736:
4659:
4654:
3936:
3911:
3884:
3859:
2829:
912:
482:
359:
The general geological characteristics of the terranes are listed below.
47:
1144:
Winnipeg River Terrane docked northward onto the North Caribou Terrane.
851:- Granulite - Intrusion of diatexite, syenite, granodiorite and granite
5078:
5073:
4838:
4818:
4798:
4766:
4756:
4689:
4684:
4674:
4669:
2214:
2124:
1243:
665:
653:
450:
398:
248:
224:
200:
161:
102:
94:
67:
43:
4453:
4117:. St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada: Geological Association of Canada.
2178:
1698:
5109:
4878:
4576:
4571:
4516:
4511:
1223:
789:
783:
767:
490:
469:
333:
192:
164:. The western to the northeastern part of the craton is bound by the
117:
The western to the northeastern part of the craton is bounded by the
78:. These events included the growth, drifting and deformation of both
63:
51:
39:
4215:
4168:
4038:
3701:
3426:
3382:
3339:
3295:
3183:
3086:
3043:
2979:
2317:
2038:
1666:
4378:
4262:
3794:
3257:
3007:
1518:
4883:
4488:
3910:
Jaupart, C.; Mareschal, J.-C.; Bouquerel, H.; Phaneuf, C. (2014).
1083:
1047:
1005:
985:
arc-related magmatism in Oxford-Stull domain during 2775-2733 Ma;
967:
959:
404:
322:
283:
236:
209:
195:-forming terranes are created from very diverse settings, such as
112:
1278:"Geology and tectonic evolution of the Superior Province, Canada"
146:
The Archean Superior Craton extends over 1572000 km of the
4546:
4541:
529:
504:
444:
168:. To the eastern and the southeastern side are the neighbouring
98:
97:
were involved. They include the Northern Superior Orogeny (2720
75:
4457:
519:- Pervasive granitic to tonalitic pluton in the central region
1912:. M.T. Corkery, D. Stone, J.B. Whalen and R.A. Stern: 117–128.
1693:. Vol. 510. Geological Society of America. pp. 1–2.
998:
and foliation to form right-lateral, NW-trending shear zones.
298:
Some terranes, such as the Pontiac Terrane, were previously a
1957:"Orogenic gold deposits in the Superior Province of Manitoba"
1093:
the two terranes sutured along the Great Lake tectonic zone.
121:. The eastern and the southeastern side is neighbouring the
4115:
Tectonic styles in Canada : the Lithoprobe perspective
2786:
10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<1467:SGBWSP>2.3.CO;2
2747:
10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0023:laqacs>2.3.co;2
2652:
10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1385:otgoag>2.3.co;2
2364:
10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0818:GOTLLG>2.3.CO;2
809:- West-verging shearing followed by south-vergent movement
4113:
Percival, J. A.; Clowes, Ron; Cook, Frederick A. (2012).
699:- Michipicoten-Mishubishu belt (Fe, Au, Cu and minor Ni)
499:- Sealed the sediment after the collision of NSS and NCS
1833:
10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<75:DOPGEC>2.0.CO;2
608:- Mafic volcanic rocks and tonalitic pluton in the West
344:-facies. The last part is the southern region like the
2392:. Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines.
1204:
during the accretion of the southern Superior Craton.
203:, oceanic tectonic melange, uplift within the craton,
157:, the Archean Superior craton is encompassed by early
648:- Metarsedimentary successions intruded by tonalite,
592:- Tonalitic plutonism followed by granitic plutonism
1720:
1718:
3858:Pilkington, Mark; Percival, John A. (1999-04-10).
1105:Summary of the Western Superior Craton development
736:- North: Layered-intrusion-related volcanic rocks
247:Some terranes, such as the Quetico Terrane, were
1756:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
701:- Shebandowan-Schreiber belt (Fe, Au, VMS, Ni)
70:period. A craton is a large part of the Earth's
890:- North: granitic and granodioritic intrusions
507:gold deposits (like Monument Bay gold deposit)
363:List of subprovinces and their dominating rocks
255:, the outer arc high of the oceanic crust, the
1927:Geology of the Northern Superior Area, Ontario
1282:Geological Association of Canada Special Paper
1187:Orogenesis in the northeastern Superior Craton
4469:
125:. The southern side is generally meeting the
8:
3916:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
3864:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
2676:Langford, F. F.; Morin, J. A. (1976-11-01).
1691:Geological Society of America Special Papers
356:subprovinces with an east–west orientation.
573:- Related to the suture of the NCS and WRT
4917:
4912:
4712:
4707:
4629:
4624:
4501:
4496:
4476:
4462:
4454:
1108:
562:- Amphibolite and low-pressure granulite
536:- Gold deposits (like Red Lake Gold Camp)
517:- Plutonic base overlain by arc sequences
366:
4433:
3935:
3883:
3834:
3793:
3585:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
3519:
3006:
2862:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
2701:
2195:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
2105:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
1576:
1255:
892:- South: massive granodioritic complex
646:- Mainly greywacke, migmatite, granite
227:which formed above and parallel to the
4290:
4288:
4235:
4233:
4188:
4186:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4076:
3757:
3755:
3632:
3630:
3446:
3444:
3157:
3155:
2953:
2951:
2768:Corfu, F.; Stott, G. M. (1998-11-01).
2671:
2669:
2632:Geological Society of America Bulletin
2383:
2381:
2337:
2335:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2242:
2240:
2152:
2150:
1937:
1935:
1921:
1919:
1806:
1804:
904:Northeastern Superior Province(NESP)
880:- Porphyry and igneous mineralization
803:- Tonalite, granodiorite, granite and
4074:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3905:
3903:
3798:. Open File 3550 – via GEOSCAN.
3269:
3267:
1852:
1850:
1770:
1768:
1546:
1544:
1492:
1490:
1446:
1444:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1306:
1304:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1011:margin of the Winnipeg River Terrane.
792:-sill-hosted Ni-Cu sulphide deposits
392:Northern Superior Superterrane (NSS)
7:
3494:Guernina, S.; Sawyer, E. W. (2003).
2611:(PhD thesis). University of Ottawa.
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
27:Large crustal block in North America
2544:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
956:Northern Superior Orogeny (2720 Ma)
909:- I: tonalite and tonalitic gneiss
4316:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
4196:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
4149:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
4019:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
3682:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
3407:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
3363:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
3320:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
3276:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
3164:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
3067:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
3024:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2960:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2501:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2298:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2019:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
1655:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
1024:Central Superior Orogeny (2700 Ma)
512:North Caribou Superterrane (NCS)
25:
1313:Journal of African Earth Sciences
5188:
5187:
5165:
4683:
4668:
4653:
4638:
4600:
4585:
4570:
4555:
4540:
4525:
4510:
3521:10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00436.x
3011:. Map 1917A – via GEOSCAN.
1333:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.07.019
1044:Shebandowanian Orogeny (2690 Ma)
586:- Gneiss and foliated tonalite
5011:Possible future supercontinents
4435:10.1016/j.precamres.2004.02.001
3726:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
2589:, Geological Survey of Canada,
1631:10.1016/j.precamres.2017.08.025
1578:10.1016/j.precamres.2004.02.001
924:- Epigenetic: Cu, Ni, Ag, Au,
478:rocks (Oxford Lake assemblage)
3809:PERCIVAL, J. A. (2002-09-01).
3500:Journal of Metamorphic Geology
581:Winnipeg River Terrane (WRT)
187:Growth history of the terranes
172:. The southern side meets the
66:among those formed during the
1:
3453:Journal of Structural Geology
3227:10.1016/s0301-9268(02)00007-4
2934:10.1016/s0040-1951(98)00002-x
2564:10.1016/s0012-821x(00)00106-0
2444:10.1016/s0301-9268(96)00033-2
2388:Thurston, P. C. (1991–1992).
1880:10.1016/S0301-9268(03)00127-X
1002:Uchian Orogeny (2720–2700 Ma)
928:(REE) and limited U deposits
243:Ancient forearc basin setting
4789:Other prehistoric continents
3981:10.1016/0301-9268(90)90059-y
3561:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.03.004
3473:10.1016/0191-8141(93)90005-u
2269:10.1016/0301-9268(88)90041-1
2082:10.1016/0301-9268(80)90031-5
1995:10.1016/0301-9268(90)90065-x
1296:AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts
1080:Minnesotan Orogeny (2680 Ma)
742:and alkaline volcanic rocks
548:English River Domain (ERT)
3836:10.1093/petrology/43.9.1617
3659:10.1093/petrology/32.6.1261
2682:American Journal of Science
1276:Percival, John and (2012).
1239:List of shields and cratons
885:Bienville Subprovince (BS)
863:La Grande Subprovince (LG)
786:-vein-hosted gold deposits
712:- Tonalite, paragneiss and
603:Wabigoon Terrane (WwT/EwT)
5286:
5265:Historical tectonic plates
2465:Ayer, John Albert (1999).
1072:deformation event) is the
817:Opinaca Subprovince (OnS)
798:Opatica Subprovince (OcS)
726:Eastern Superior Province
472:(Hayers River Assemblage)
463:Oxford-Skull Domain (OSD)
387:Western Superior Province
153:. Forming the core of the
5157:
4915:
4911:
4710:
4706:
4627:
4623:
4499:
4495:
4408:Bedard, J.H (June 2004).
3769:(in French). 24 July 2019
3738:10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.004
3605:10.1007/s00410-003-0450-5
3130:10.1017/S0016756800029800
2607:Lassen, Birgitte (2004).
1551:Bedard, J.H (June 2004).
1465:10.2113/gscanmin.38.2.345
1453:The Canadian Mineralogist
1152:Central Superior Orogeny
1129:Northern Superior Orogeny
725:
597:- Native silver deposits
386:
5198:Chronology of continents
1955:Anderson, Scott (2008).
1745:. University of Toronto.
839:granites and pegmatites
772:- South: volcanic rocks
707:Kapuskasing Uplift (KU)
379:Possible tectonic event
294:Fold-thrust belt setting
5250:Geology of South Dakota
5240:Geology of North Dakota
4336:10.1139/cjes-35-11-1323
2556:2000E&PSL.179...21W
2521:10.1139/cjes-37-12-1677
1166:Shebandowanian Orogeny
944:Western Superior Craton
849:- Tonalite and diorite
844:Ashuanipi Complex (AC)
718:- Intracratonic Uplift
532:in the southern margin
235:, which generated more
4959:Great Australian Bight
4359:The Journal of Geology
4243:The Journal of Geology
2703:10.2475/ajs.276.9.1023
1499:The Journal of Geology
1089:
1053:
1012:
973:
965:
346:Minnesota River Valley
329:
290:
215:
130:
5270:Historical continents
2882:10.1007/s004100000223
2585:Stott, G. M. (2002),
1087:
1051:
1009:
989:the south-over-north
971:
963:
761:Pontiac Terrane (PT)
731:Abitibi Terrane (AT)
641:Quetico Terrane (QT)
493:with mafic intrusion
326:
287:
213:
116:
5235:Geology of Minnesota
5183:Continental fragment
5178:Regions of the world
4414:Precambrian Research
3961:Precambrian Research
3937:10.1002/2014JB011018
3885:10.1029/1998jb900121
3815:Journal of Petrology
3639:Journal of Petrology
3547:. 196–197: 339–355.
3260:– via GEOSCAN.
3207:Precambrian Research
2830:10.1029/1999tc900032
2424:Precambrian Research
2249:Precambrian Research
2062:Precambrian Research
1975:Precambrian Research
1943:Report of activities
1910:Report of Activities
1860:Precambrian Research
1611:Precambrian Research
1557:Precambrian Research
1219:Circum-Superior Belt
1202:anorogenic magmatism
868:- Gneissic basement
632:setting in the East
626:setting in the West
166:Trans-Hudson orogens
119:Trans-Hudson orogens
62:. It is the biggest
5230:Geology of Manitoba
5140:Indian Subcontinent
4930:Submerged continent
4426:2004PreR..131..373B
4371:2003JG....111..183B
4328:1998CaJES..35.1323E
4255:1991JG.....99..337D
4208:2006CaJES..43..995S
4161:2006CaJES..43..749L
4031:2006CaJES..43.1085P
3973:1990PreR...48...99C
3928:2014JGRB..119.9130J
3876:1999JGR...104.7513P
3827:2002JPet...43.1617P
3694:1992CaJES..29.2287P
3651:1991JPet...32.1261P
3597:2003CoMP..145..265P
3553:2014Litho.196..339M
3512:2003JMetG..21..181G
3465:1993JSG....15.1443S
3419:1995CaJES..32..113D
3375:1992CaJES..29.2429B
3332:1994CaJES..31..271B
3288:1993CaJES..30.1970M
3219:2002PreR..115...97D
3176:1992CaJES..29.2211C
3122:1986GeoM..123..153L
3110:Geological Magazine
3079:1994CaJES..31.1256P
3036:1986CaJES..23.1075C
2972:2003CaJES..40..395M
2926:1998Tectp.289..295P
2874:2001CoMP..141...36P
2822:1999Tecto..18..733P
2739:1989Geo....17...23P
2694:1976AmJS..276.1023L
2644:1991GSAB..103.1385S
2513:2000CaJES..37.1677A
2436:1997PreR...81..155A
2356:1988GSAB..100..818D
2310:2006CaJES..43..967M
2261:1988PreR...39..171D
2207:1988CoMP...98..312C
2171:1995Tecto..14.1220C
2117:1985CoMP...89...69P
2074:1980PreR...12..257M
2031:1980CaJES..17..710N
1987:1990PreR...46...21T
1901:T. Skulski (2000).
1872:2003PreR..126...55B
1825:2000Geo....28...75B
1623:2017PreR..302...94M
1569:2004PreR..131..373B
1511:2003JG....111..183B
1325:2014JAfES.100..684A
1177:Minnesotan Orogeny
1110:
926:rare earth elements
693:- Oceanic tectonic
618:pluton in the East
401:and gneissic rocks
319:General composition
257:accretionary wedges
219:Oceanic arc setting
5245:Geology of Ontario
4921:
4716:
4633:
4505:
3763:"Bienville Domain"
2390:Geology of Ontario
2215:10.1007/bf00375182
2125:10.1007/bf01177592
1925:Stone, D. (2005).
1741:Zhang, B. (1999).
1229:Geology of Ontario
1109:
1090:
1054:
1013:
974:
966:
675:Wawa Terrane (WT)
630:Continental margin
497:- Oceanic setting
438:tectonic accretion
330:
291:
216:
131:
84:continental crusts
5255:Geology of Quebec
5207:
5206:
5153:
5152:
5148:
5147:
4969:Kerguelen Plateau
4907:
4906:
4902:
4901:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4322:(11): 1323–1346.
4297:Geoscience Canada
3922:(12): 9130–9155.
3870:(B4): 7513–7526.
3688:(10): 2287–2308.
3459:(12): 1443–1458.
3369:(11): 2429–2444.
3170:(10): 2211–2225.
2780:(11): 1467–1484.
2507:(12): 1677–1689.
2179:10.1029/95TC01452
1699:10.1130/2015.2510
1184:
1183:
933:
932:
835:- Rare metals in
684:to alkalic rocks
555:Sedimentary rocks
338:metamorphic rocks
261:sedimentary basin
170:Grenville orogens
123:Grenville orogens
18:Superior province
16:(Redirected from
5277:
5191:
5190:
5172:World portal
5170:
5169:
5107:
5056:
5013:
4941:
4918:
4913:
4791:
4729:
4713:
4708:
4687:
4672:
4657:
4642:
4630:
4625:
4604:
4589:
4574:
4559:
4544:
4529:
4514:
4502:
4497:
4478:
4471:
4464:
4455:
4448:
4447:
4437:
4420:(3–4): 373–374.
4405:
4399:
4398:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4292:
4283:
4282:
4237:
4228:
4227:
4190:
4181:
4180:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4110:
4051:
4050:
4025:(7): 1085–1117.
4014:
3993:
3992:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3939:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3887:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3838:
3821:(9): 1617–1650.
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3759:
3750:
3749:
3732:(5): 1099–1113.
3720:
3714:
3713:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3645:(6): 1261–1297.
3634:
3625:
3624:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3523:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3282:(9): 1970–1980.
3271:
3262:
3261:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3159:
3150:
3149:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3073:(7): 1256–1286.
3062:
3056:
3055:
3030:(8): 1075–1082.
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2955:
2946:
2945:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2705:
2688:(9): 1023–1034.
2673:
2664:
2663:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2430:(3–4): 155–178.
2418:
2412:
2411:
2385:
2376:
2375:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2292:
2281:
2280:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2165:(5): 1220–1233.
2154:
2145:
2144:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1952:
1946:
1939:
1930:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1907:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1808:
1799:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1772:
1763:
1752:
1746:
1739:
1733:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1606:
1591:
1590:
1580:
1563:(3–4): 373–374.
1548:
1539:
1538:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1426:
1345:
1344:
1308:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1273:
1130:
1111:
822:- metagreywacke
778:Fold-thrust belt
612:Greenstone belts
595:- Iron deposits
540:Massive sulphide
382:Mineral deposit
376:Dominating rock
367:
304:fault-bend folds
300:fold-thrust belt
229:subduction zones
205:fold-thrust belt
142:Tectonic setting
46:, and southeast
21:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5202:
5164:
5149:
5144:
5130:Eastern Siberia
5120:Central America
5108:
5101:
5095:
5090:Terra Australis
5057:
5041:
5035:
5031:Pangaea Proxima
5014:
5009:
5003:
4942:
4938:microcontinents
4927:
4903:
4898:
4844:East Antarctica
4792:
4787:
4781:
4730:
4726:supercontinents
4722:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4678:
4673:
4663:
4658:
4648:
4643:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4595:
4590:
4580:
4575:
4565:
4560:
4550:
4545:
4535:
4530:
4520:
4515:
4491:
4482:
4452:
4451:
4407:
4406:
4402:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4294:
4293:
4286:
4239:
4238:
4231:
4216:10.1139/e06-060
4202:(7): 995–1030.
4192:
4191:
4184:
4169:10.1139/e06-068
4145:
4144:
4140:
4125:
4112:
4111:
4054:
4039:10.1139/e06-062
4016:
4015:
3996:
3967:(1–2): 99–156.
3958:
3957:
3953:
3909:
3908:
3901:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3772:
3770:
3767:Géologie Québec
3761:
3760:
3753:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3702:10.1139/e92-179
3679:
3678:
3674:
3636:
3635:
3628:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3450:
3449:
3442:
3427:10.1139/e95-010
3403:
3402:
3398:
3383:10.1139/e92-191
3360:
3359:
3355:
3340:10.1139/e94-026
3316:
3315:
3311:
3296:10.1139/e93-173
3273:
3272:
3265:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3213:(1–4): 97–117.
3204:
3203:
3199:
3184:10.1139/e92-175
3161:
3160:
3153:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3087:10.1139/e94-110
3064:
3063:
3059:
3044:10.1139/e86-108
3021:
3020:
3016:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2980:10.1139/e03-004
2957:
2956:
2949:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2675:
2674:
2667:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2477:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2400:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2318:10.1139/e06-035
2294:
2293:
2284:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2039:10.1139/e80-068
2015:
2014:
2010:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1940:
1933:
1924:
1917:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1773:
1766:
1753:
1749:
1740:
1736:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1667:10.1139/E09-076
1651:
1650:
1646:
1608:
1607:
1594:
1550:
1549:
1542:
1496:
1495:
1488:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1428:
1427:
1348:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1293:
1289:
1275:
1274:
1257:
1252:
1234:Greenstone belt
1214:Canadian Shield
1210:
1189:
1141:Uchian Orogeny
1128:
1107:
1082:
1071:
1067:
1046:
1026:
1004:
958:
946:
938:
770:and paragneiss
481:- Underlain by
365:
354:metasedimentary
321:
313:fault-bend fold
307:forming a ramp
296:
274:
265:marine sediment
245:
221:
189:
174:Keweenawan rift
155:Canadian Shield
144:
138:and Minnesota.
127:Keweenawan rift
111:
54:, and northern
32:Superior Craton
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5283:
5281:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5212:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5159:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5125:Eastern Africa
5122:
5117:
5112:
5098:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5006:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4924:
4922:
4916:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4719:
4717:
4711:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4681:
4679:
4666:
4664:
4651:
4649:
4636:
4634:
4628:
4621:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4598:
4596:
4583:
4581:
4568:
4566:
4553:
4551:
4538:
4536:
4523:
4521:
4508:
4506:
4500:
4493:
4492:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4449:
4400:
4379:10.1086/345842
4365:(2): 183–205.
4349:
4306:
4284:
4263:10.1086/629499
4249:(3): 337–353.
4229:
4182:
4155:(7): 749–765.
4138:
4123:
4052:
3994:
3951:
3899:
3850:
3801:
3795:10.4095/211536
3779:
3751:
3715:
3672:
3626:
3591:(3): 265–280.
3574:
3535:
3506:(2): 181–201.
3486:
3440:
3413:(2): 113–127.
3396:
3353:
3326:(2): 271–281.
3309:
3263:
3258:10.4095/210102
3240:
3197:
3151:
3116:(2): 153–166.
3100:
3057:
3014:
3008:10.4095/212652
2993:
2966:(3): 395–430.
2947:
2920:(4): 295–326.
2914:Tectonophysics
2903:
2851:
2816:(5): 733–755.
2799:
2760:
2717:
2665:
2622:
2599:
2577:
2534:
2490:
2475:
2457:
2413:
2398:
2377:
2350:(6): 818–824.
2331:
2304:(7): 967–993.
2282:
2255:(3): 171–191.
2236:
2201:(3): 312–325.
2184:
2146:
2095:
2068:(1): 257–285.
2052:
2025:(6): 710–721.
2008:
1981:(1–2): 21–58.
1965:
1947:
1931:
1915:
1893:
1846:
1800:
1782:
1764:
1747:
1734:
1714:
1707:
1680:
1661:(4): 315–351.
1644:
1592:
1540:
1519:10.1086/345842
1505:(2): 183–205.
1486:
1459:(2): 345–378.
1440:
1346:
1300:
1287:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1106:
1103:
1081:
1078:
1069:
1065:
1062:foreland basin
1045:
1042:
1025:
1022:
1003:
1000:
957:
954:
945:
942:
937:
934:
931:
930:
920:
917:
907:
905:
901:
900:
897:
894:
888:
886:
882:
881:
878:
875:
866:
864:
860:
859:
856:
853:
847:
845:
841:
840:
833:
830:
820:
818:
814:
813:
810:
807:
801:
799:
795:
794:
780:
774:
764:
762:
758:
757:
747:
744:
734:
732:
728:
727:
723:
722:
719:
716:
710:
708:
704:
703:
697:
691:
678:
676:
672:
671:
668:
662:
644:
642:
638:
637:
634:
620:
606:
604:
600:
599:
593:
590:
584:
582:
578:
577:
574:
571:
569:and diatexite
551:
549:
545:
544:
534:
521:
515:
513:
509:
508:
501:
495:
476:Volcaniclastic
466:
464:
460:
459:
447:gold deposits
441:
418:
409:volcanic rocks
407:-intermediate
395:
393:
389:
388:
384:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
364:
361:
320:
317:
295:
292:
273:
272:Uplift setting
270:
244:
241:
220:
217:
188:
185:
179:Regarding the
148:North American
143:
140:
110:
107:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5282:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5260:Lake Superior
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5106:
5105:
5104:Subcontinents
5100:
5099:
5097:
5092:
5091:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5069:Kumari Kandam
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5012:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4910:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4728:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4705:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4622:
4609:
4608:
4607:South America
4603:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4592:North America
4588:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4498:
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2270:
2266:
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2250:
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2237:
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2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2188:
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2172:
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2067:
2063:
2056:
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2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2012:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1958:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1894:
1889:
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1326:
1322:
1318:
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1283:
1279:
1272:
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1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
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1256:
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1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
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1211:
1207:
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1203:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1149:2720-2700 Ma
1148:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1074:transpressive
1063:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1001:
999:
997:
992:
988:
984:
979:
970:
962:
955:
953:
950:
943:
941:
935:
929:
927:
921:
918:
916:
914:
908:
906:
903:
902:
898:
895:
893:
889:
887:
884:
883:
879:
876:
874:
873:
867:
865:
862:
861:
857:
854:
852:
848:
846:
843:
842:
838:
834:
831:
829:
827:
821:
819:
816:
815:
811:
808:
806:
802:
800:
797:
796:
793:
791:
785:
781:
779:
775:
773:
769:
765:
763:
760:
759:
756:
754:
748:
745:
743:
741:
735:
733:
730:
729:
724:
720:
717:
715:
711:
709:
706:
705:
702:
698:
696:
692:
690:
689:
683:
679:
677:
674:
673:
669:
667:
663:
661:
659:
655:
651:
645:
643:
640:
639:
635:
633:
631:
625:
621:
619:
617:
613:
607:
605:
602:
601:
598:
594:
591:
589:
585:
583:
580:
579:
575:
572:
570:
568:
563:
560:
556:
552:
550:
547:
546:
543:
541:
535:
533:
531:
526:
523:- Dominating
522:
520:
516:
514:
511:
510:
506:
502:
500:
496:
494:
492:
488:
487:granodioritic
484:
479:
477:
471:
467:
465:
462:
461:
458:
456:
452:
446:
442:
440:
439:
435:
431:
426:
423:
419:
417:
416:
411:
410:
406:
400:
396:
394:
391:
390:
385:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
368:
362:
360:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
325:
318:
316:
314:
310:
305:
301:
293:
286:
282:
280:
279:reverse fault
271:
269:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
242:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
218:
212:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
186:
184:
182:
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
160:
156:
152:
149:
141:
139:
137:
128:
124:
120:
115:
108:
106:
104:
100:
96:
91:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:United States
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
36:crustal block
33:
19:
5163:
5102:
5088:
5052:hypothesised
5042:
5010:
4928:
4859:Kazakhstania
4834:Congo Craton
4788:
4724:Prehistoric
4723:
4682:
4667:
4652:
4645:Afro-Eurasia
4637:
4599:
4584:
4569:
4554:
4539:
4524:
4509:
4417:
4413:
4403:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4303:(31): 23–39.
4300:
4296:
4246:
4242:
4199:
4195:
4152:
4148:
4141:
4114:
4022:
4018:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3919:
3915:
3867:
3863:
3853:
3818:
3814:
3804:
3782:
3771:. Retrieved
3766:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3642:
3638:
3588:
3584:
3577:
3544:
3538:
3503:
3499:
3489:
3456:
3452:
3410:
3406:
3399:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3323:
3319:
3312:
3279:
3275:
3249:
3243:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3167:
3163:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3027:
3023:
3017:
2996:
2963:
2959:
2917:
2913:
2906:
2868:(1): 36–52.
2865:
2861:
2854:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2777:
2774:GSA Bulletin
2773:
2763:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2685:
2681:
2638:(11): 1385.
2635:
2631:
2625:
2608:
2602:
2586:
2580:
2550:(1): 21–30.
2547:
2543:
2537:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2466:
2460:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2389:
2347:
2344:GSA Bulletin
2343:
2301:
2297:
2252:
2248:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2162:
2158:
2111:(1): 69–80.
2108:
2104:
2098:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2022:
2018:
2011:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1950:
1942:
1926:
1909:
1896:
1866:(1): 55–94.
1863:
1859:
1819:(1): 75–78.
1816:
1812:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1776:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1742:
1737:
1732:(7247), 694.
1729:
1725:
1690:
1683:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1614:
1610:
1560:
1556:
1502:
1498:
1456:
1452:
1434:
1430:
1316:
1312:
1295:
1290:
1281:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1156:
1120:Description
1099:
1095:
1091:
1058:
1055:
1038:
1030:
1027:
1018:
1014:
986:
982:
975:
951:
947:
939:
923:
910:
891:
869:
850:
837:peraluminous
826:leucogranite
823:
787:
771:
750:
740:conglomerate
737:
700:
685:
682:Calc-alkalic
660:and granite
647:
627:
614:intruded by
609:
596:
587:
564:
561:
537:
527:
518:
498:
480:
473:
453:-containing
448:
434:metamorphism
427:
412:
402:
370:Subprovince
358:
350:metavolcanic
348:, which are
331:
297:
275:
246:
222:
190:
178:
145:
136:South Dakota
132:
92:
88:
34:is a stable
31:
29:
5026:Novopangaea
4894:South China
4874:North China
1319:: 684–732.
936:Development
714:anorthosite
688:Sanukitoids
658:carbonatite
624:Oceanic arc
489:, granitic
430:Amphibolite
197:oceanic arc
159:Proterozoic
5214:Categories
5162:See also:
5064:Hyperborea
5054:continents
4989:Seychelles
4974:Madagascar
4954:Doggerland
4849:Euramerica
4804:Asiamerica
4532:Antarctica
4485:Continents
3773:2019-10-07
2485:1006674881
2476:0612451682
2399:0772989753
1945:, 129-136.
1798:, 128-129.
1762:(1), 1-24.
1617:: 94–121.
1437:: 903–928.
1250:References
978:subduction
872:komatiites
828:intrusion
824:- massive
664:- Ancient
588:- Granite
455:kimberlite
436:caused by
259:, and the
199:, ancient
5135:Greenland
4999:Zealandia
4964:Jan Mayen
4949:Cathaysia
4869:Laurentia
4864:Laramidia
4854:Kalaharia
4809:Atlantica
4742:Kenorland
4562:Australia
4444:0301-9268
4395:129180667
4387:0022-1376
4344:1480-3313
4279:128840250
4271:0022-1376
4224:0008-4077
4177:0008-4077
4133:805879920
4047:0008-4077
3989:0301-9268
3946:2169-9356
3894:0148-0227
3845:1460-2415
3746:0016-7037
3710:0008-4077
3667:0022-3530
3621:129148762
3613:0010-7999
3569:0024-4937
3530:1525-1314
3481:0191-8141
3435:0008-4077
3391:0008-4077
3348:0008-4077
3304:0008-4077
3235:0301-9268
3192:0008-4077
3146:129585890
3138:1469-5081
3095:0008-4077
3052:0008-4077
2988:0008-4077
2942:0040-1951
2898:128480854
2890:0010-7999
2846:129433340
2838:0278-7407
2810:Tectonics
2794:0016-7606
2755:0091-7613
2733:(1): 23.
2712:0002-9599
2660:0016-7606
2617:994809586
2572:0012-821X
2529:1480-3313
2452:0301-9268
2372:0016-7606
2326:0008-4077
2277:0301-9268
2231:129017497
2223:0010-7999
2159:Tectonics
2141:128953440
2133:0010-7999
2090:0301-9268
2047:0008-4077
2003:0301-9268
1888:0301-9268
1841:0091-7613
1675:0008-4077
1639:0301-9268
1587:0301-9268
1535:129180667
1527:0022-1376
1473:0008-4476
1341:1464-343X
1034:turbidite
805:pegmatite
766:- North:
755:deposits
650:nepheline
616:granitoid
567:Migmatite
542:deposits
525:plutonism
483:tonalitic
432:-forming
425:magmatism
422:Granitoid
415:greywacke
342:granulite
309:anticline
225:volcanoes
151:continent
95:orogenies
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38:covering
5193:Category
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5044:Mythical
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4794:Amazonia
4777:Vaalbara
4762:Pannotia
4747:Laurasia
4737:Gondwana
4732:Columbia
4660:Americas
2595:70147737
2408:25095097
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1481:54047435
1208:See also
1174:2680 Ma
1163:2690 Ma
1138:2700 Ma
1125:2720 Ma
991:shearing
913:pyroxene
790:Gabbroic
753:porphyry
413:- Minor
399:Granitic
249:forearcs
109:Location
103:terranes
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5225:Cratons
5220:Archean
5079:Meropis
5074:Lemuria
4889:Siberia
4839:Cuyania
4819:Baltica
4799:Arctica
4767:Rodinia
4757:Pangaea
4690:Oceania
4675:Eurasia
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4324:Bibcode
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