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The largest disadvantage of the process is its slow forming rate. Cycle times vary from two minutes to two hours, therefore it is usually used in low volume production applications. Another disadvantage is the non-uniformity of the produced part thickness. Several methods are used to improve the
35:. For titanium alloys e.g. Ti 6Al 4V and some stainless steels this is around 900 °C (1,650 °F) and for aluminium alloys e.g. AA5083 it is between 450 and 520 °C. In this state the material becomes soft so processes that are usually used on plastics can be applied, such as:
47:. Inert gas pressure is applied on the superplastic sheet forcing it into a female die. A release agent, such as ZYP Coatings JK-41, is also commonly used on molds to facilitate release from the die. This allows the process to have high precision.
222:
F.S. Jarrar, L.G. Hector Jr., M.K. Khraisheh, and K. Deshpande, Gas
Pressure Profile Prediction from Variable Strain Rate Deformation Paths in AA5083 Bulge Forming, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2012, 21(11), p
83:
thickness uniformity of SPF parts. One is to apply a designed varying gas pressure profile instead of a constant pressure. Another approach is to tailor the contact friction between the die surface and the superplastic sheet.
232:
12. M.I. Albakri, F.S. Jarrar, and M.K. Khraisheh, Effects of
Interfacial Friction Distribution on the Superplastic Forming of AA5083, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 2011, 133, p 031008-031014.
213:
F. Jarrar, M. Liewald, P. Schmid, and A. Fortanier, Superplastic
Forming of Triangular Channels with Sharp Radii, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2014, 23(4), p 1313-1320.
260:
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The major advantage of this process is that it can form large and complex workpieces in one operation. The finished product has excellent precision and a fine
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E. Degarmo, J. Black, and R. Kohser, Materials and
Processes in Manufacturing (9th ed.), 2003, Wiley,
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63:. Products can also be made larger to eliminate assemblies or reduce weight, which is critical in
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Jarrar, Firas; Jafar, Reem; Tulupova, Olga; Enikeev, Farid; Al-Huniti, Naser (January 2016).
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is an industrial process used for creating precise and complex components out of
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181:"Constitutive Modeling for the Simulation of the Superplastic Forming of AA5083"
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in the 1980s, while in Europe an example of application can be found in some
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159:"Airbus Defence and Space Aerostructures presentation brochure"
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applications. Lower strength required and less tooling costs.
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assemblies (e.g. engine bays panels, foreplanes, slats).
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utilized SPF design and production technology into the
141:"Eurofighter production techniques boost BAE Systems"
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59:. It also does not suffer from springback or
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31:The material is first heated up to promote
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193:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.838-839.512
98:Superplastic forming and diffusion bonding
166:Airbus Defence and Space Aerostructures
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793:This metalworking article is a
1:
286:History of ferrous metallurgy
797:. You can help Knowledge by
529:Argon oxygen decarburization
51:Advantages and disadvantages
690:Differential heat treatment
870:
780:
665:
614:Ferritic nitrocarburizing
414:
281:
139:Hoyle, Craig (May 2007).
705:Post weld heat treatment
291:List of steel producers
185:Materials Science Forum
519:Electro-slag remelting
21:superplastic materials
849:Metal heat treatments
729:Production by country
93:Hot metal gas forming
715:Superplastic forming
634:Quench polish quench
524:Vacuum arc remelting
503:Basic oxygen process
498:Electric arc furnace
187:. 838–839: 512–517.
17:Superplastic forming
670:Cryogenic treatment
493:Open hearth furnace
481:Primary (Post-1850)
472:Cementation process
359:Direct reduced iron
77:Eurofighter Typhoon
854:Metalworking stubs
441:Primary (Pre-1850)
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403:Induction furnace
69:McDonnell Douglas
61:residual stresses
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168:. February 2021.
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300:Iron production
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33:superplasticity
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467:Tatara furnace
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457:Damascus steel
453:Crucible steel
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57:surface finish
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45:vacuum forming
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844:Metal forming
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629:Precipitation
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566:Short circuit
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383:Reverberatory
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37:thermoforming
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799:expanding it
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657:Martempering
652:Austempering
561:Low hydrogen
379:Finery forge
375:Wrought iron
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145:FlightGlobal
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41:blow forming
30:
16:
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700:Forming gas
604:Carburizing
461:Wootz steel
427:Steelmaking
326:sponge iron
838:Categories
757:Luxembourg
737:Bangladesh
679:Deflashing
589:Ausforming
432:Steel mill
342:Cold blast
334:(produces
324:(produces
276:production
223:2263–2273.
104:References
710:Quenching
684:Hardening
674:Deburring
644:Tempering
624:Nitriding
619:Induction
609:Cryogenic
576:Hardening
553:Annealing
512:Secondary
395:Cast iron
368:Secondary
347:Hot blast
304:Ironworks
201:1662-9752
65:aerospace
594:Boriding
386:Puddling
336:pig iron
322:Bloomery
314:Smelting
87:See also
762:Nigeria
545:methods
389:Furnace
27:Process
199:
125:
43:, and
752:Italy
747:India
742:China
397:(via
377:(via
274:steel
162:(PDF)
795:stub
381:or
272:and
270:Iron
197:ISSN
123:ISBN
73:F-15
401:or
189:doi
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112:^
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