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Confidence and supply

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election, National re-entered confidence-and-supply agreements with United Future, the ACT Party, and the Māori Party. In 2017, despite National winning more votes than Labour in the election, New Zealand First chose to enter coalition with Labour to help them change the government, with support on
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be given the mandate to form a minority government: "I will go see the lieutenant-governor at her earliest convenience to inform her that I will be resigning as premier, and I will humbly suggest to her honour to allow the leader of the Conservative Party to attempt to form a government and attempt
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In most parliamentary democracies, members of a parliament can propose a motion of confidence or of no confidence in the government or executive. The results of such motions show how much support the government currently has in parliament. Should a motion of confidence fail, or a motion of no
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Otherwise, when it is proposed by the Government itself upon a piece of legislation, "the Chambers are enslaved in the exercise of their principal function just because it was thought that their being master of the fiduciary relationship were to be reaffirmed on each bill":
2360:) and was hoping to regain full parliamentary control in the 1998 House of Councillors election. Instead, the cooperation agreement was ultimately terminated while the government lost seats in the 1998 election, leaving clear control to the opposition, a so-called 2060:, which held a plurality of seats, briefly tried to form a government, but was immediately defeated in a confidence vote by the NDP and Greens. The agreement, which was intended to remain in effect until the next 3295: 796:("supply"). On issues other than those outlined in the confidence and supply agreement, non-government partners to the agreement are not bound to support the government on any given piece of legislation. 2243:
in return for a published set of policy commitments from the government. Fianna FĂĄil abstained on confidence and supply votes, but reserved the right to vote for or against any bill proposed in the
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said he would work with the new government "in the areas we agree on," and reiterated his promise to support the Progressive Conservatives on confidence votes for a period of 18 months.
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system used in the country. The parties providing confidence and supply have a more prominent role than in other countries, with MPs from the support parties often being appointed to
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having signed a confidence agreement to support the proposed coalition. However, the proposed coalition and confidence agreement fell apart in January 2009, as a result of an ensuing
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is a more formal arrangement than a confidence-and-supply agreement, in that members from junior parties (i.e., parties other than the largest) gain positions in the
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single-party government somewhat short of majorities in both houses, and two parties which had formed the governing coalition with the LDP until the election: the
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There is another implicit form of cooperation where (usually very small) parties which are not part of the cabinet join one of the ruling parties in joint
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confidence pass, the government will usually either resign and allow other politicians to form a new government, or call an election.
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in one or both houses of the National Diet and vote with the government. A recent example were the joint LDP groups with the
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said he would start working with the Tories in an attempt to ensure his party's issues were on the government's agenda.
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cabinets being able to govern thanks to confidence and supply agreements with other minor parties. Most famously, the
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Confidence and supply deals are more frequent in the devolved legislatures of Scotland and Wales due to the use of
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indicated his intention to resign the premiership and recommend to the lieutenant governor that PC leader
2029: 1910: 1801: 1118: 1055: 607: 2958: 2347: 2280: 2142: 2138: 2028:, the NDP agreed to a confidence-and-supply agreement with the governing Liberal Party, to continue the 1981: 1733: 1549: 1493: 853: 808: 588: 543: 506: 362: 357: 342: 303: 126: 106: 3395: 3375: 3370: 2787: 2555: 2504: 2369: 2014: 2010: 804: 800: 773: 644: 436: 243: 96: 76: 3380: 3360: 3161: 2559: 2376: 2361: 2295:), in which the Communist Party agreed not to vote against the government during confidence votes. 2207:
gave outside support to the Congress Party from 2004 to 2008, but later withdrew support after the
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led by prime minister Keizƍ ƌbuchi which entered formal negotiations with other parties to form a
2338:. The latest such agreement was made after the 1996 House of Representatives election between the 2283:
was formed in 1976 with a confidence and supply agreement between the Christian Democrats and the
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outside of Cabinet. New Zealand codified the procedures it used to form these Governments in its
2351: 1913: 1904: 1793: 1437: 1190: 849: 839: 777: 639: 598: 533: 451: 263: 131: 61: 52: 3039: 3016: 2950: 2927: 2476: 2404: 2248: 1933: 1613: 1241: 1109: 989: 980: 793: 456: 431: 71: 36: 3229:"Theresa May to enter into 'confidence and supply' arrangement with the Democratic Unionists" 2322:, the equivalent of a confidence and supply arrangement is called "extra-cabinet cooperation" 2686: 2396: 2384: 2288: 2268: 1989: 1985: 1741: 1737: 1595: 1534: 1478: 1298: 1246: 1156: 1105: 593: 538: 520: 501: 486: 253: 183: 101: 3385: 3299: 2638: 2448: 2400: 1921: 1723: 1653: 1648: 1228: 812: 735: 664: 659: 579: 553: 548: 528: 466: 426: 421: 43: 2901:"Brian Gallant's minority New Brunswick government defeated after losing confidence vote" 2875:"'Irresponsible and unnecessary': B.C. Green leader tears into Horgan over snap election" 2515:. In return, the Labour Party agreed to modest policy concessions for the Liberal Party. 2843:"B.C. NDP to take power following confidence vote, ending 16 years of Liberal rule" 2818: 2571: 2456: 2365: 2310:
which relied on the support of the main parties in Parliament during confidence votes.
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opposition reached 45 out of 47 seats required for a majority. Independent MLAs,
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Political arrangement allowing a minority government in parliamentary democracies
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In Italy, the equivalent of confidence and supply is called "external support" (
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entered into a confidence-and-supply agreement with the Liberal government.
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A confidence and supply agreement was signed on 13 September 2021 between
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agreed to provide confidence and supply to a Liberal minority government.
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entered into a confidence-and-supply agreement with the Labor government.
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 and how does it differ from a coalition?" 2620: 2436: 2419:
In New Zealand, confidence and supply arrangements are common due to the
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announced the early termination of the agreement on 4 September 2024.
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stayed in power thanks to a confidence-and-supply agreement with the
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List of governments currently under a confidence-and-supply agreement
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government reached 14 out of 18 seats required for a majority. The
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Most parliamentary democracies require an annual state budget, an
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agreed to a confidence-and-supply agreement in support of the
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Keller, James; Hunter, Justine; Hager, Mike (29 June 2017).
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resulting from a confidence-and-supply agreement with three
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Peterson, David (20 December 1986). "Minority is working".
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Example of confidence and supply agreement in New Zealand
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Argondizzo, Domenico; Buonomo, Giampiero (April 2014).
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with outside support of one of the two major parties,
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thanks to a confidence-and-supply agreement with the
3040:"Fianna FĂĄil renews Confidence and Supply Agreement" 2741:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 1 December 2008 2407:. This is the first such agreement signed to ensure 811:, and are generally expected to hold the government 2372:by January 1999 (First Reshuffled Obuchi Cabinet). 2364:. The Hashimoto Cabinet resigned to give way for a 2231:
and some independents, with confidence and supply (
2080:On 2 November 2018 (less than two months after the 2841: 2786:Boynton, Sean; Piper, Jillian (4 September 2024). 2169:winning the same number of seats, the third place 2443:administration formed a minority government in 2331: 3141:. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2325: 2064:in October 2021, was ended early when premier 3320: 2475:, with support on confidence and supply from 2387:during the 2nd Reshuffled Third Abe Cabinet. 1905:Gillard government § Minority government 753: 8: 2287:, referred to as "the historic compromise" ( 2145:formed a government with the support of the 2088:voted 25-23 for a motion, introduced by the 3254:"Scots budget vote passed after Green deal" 2873:Yoshida-Butryn, Carly (21 September 2020). 2616:Governments, coalitions and border politics 2403:to strengthen political stability amid the 2209:India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement 3342: 3327: 3313: 3305: 3183:"Politics: what is confidence and supply?" 3133: 3131: 2634:Why the PM is safe in No 10 for the moment 867: 760: 746: 572: 57: 31: 2704:Paun, Akash; Hibben, Ashley (June 2017). 2488:confidence and supply from the left-wing 2135:Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario 2096:in the government. Subsequently, Premier 2068:requested the lieutenant governor call a 2046:2017 British Columbia provincial election 2558:had a confidence and supply deal in the 2471:forming a coalition government with the 3272:"Plaid to end Labour co-operation deal" 2607: 2583: 2570:had a similar co-operation deal in the 2255:was dissolved on 14 January 2020 for a 1889:Examples of confidence-and-supply deals 115: 85: 60: 42: 2693:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2511:, in a deal which became known as the 2105:to gain the confidence of the house". 2715:. Institute for Government. p. 2 2054:British Columbia New Democratic Party 7: 3038:Lehane, MĂ­cheĂĄl (12 December 2018). 2899:Poitras, Jacques (2 November 2018). 2854:from the original on 4 November 2020 2184:national governments were formed in 3015:. Fianna FĂĄil. 2016. Archived from 3013:"Confidence and Supply Arrangement" 2920:"NDP, Liberals move non-confidence" 2082:2018 New Brunswick general election 1946:2023 New South Wales state election 3083:Tan, Vincent (13 September 2021). 2685:Rodgers, Emma (7 September 2010). 25: 3181:Weaver, Matthew (16 March 2015). 2713:www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk 2532:a confidence-and-supply agreement 2918:Stephens, Robert (8 June 1985). 2131:1985 Ontario provincial election 2092:, to amend the throne speech to 1840: 1833: 1776: 1769: 1712: 1705: 1647: 1640: 1583: 1576: 1527: 1520: 1471: 1464: 1403: 1396: 1343: 1336: 1273: 1217: 1145: 1082: 1034: 969: 908: 784:is an arrangement under which a 729: 2812:Kines, Lindsay (29 June 2017). 2590:Adam GomoƂa, MP, former of the 2050:Green Party of British Columbia 2024:In 2022, a few months into the 1984:, along with Independent MHAs, 856:'s few ways of controlling the 2058:British Columbia Liberal Party 1: 2259:to be held in February 2020. 1974:2024 Tasmanian state election 2251:. The deal lasted until the 2147:Ontario New Democratic Party 2137:government resigned after a 3160:Bryant, Nick (7 May 2010). 2548:proportional representation 2459:. A similar arrangement in 2332: 2030:Liberal minority government 712:Political parties by region 502:Party convention/conference 3681: 3227:Peck, Tom (10 June 2017). 2765:Canada's National Observer 2302:, formed in 1995, and the 2171:Yukon New Democratic Party 2129:Twenty-two days after the 1902: 837: 822: 699:Lists of political parties 3391:National unity government 3340: 2536:Democratic Unionist Party 2381:Party for Japanese Kokoro 2326: 2159:2021 territorial election 2090:Progressive Conservatives 1327: 895: 889: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 774:parliamentary democracies 707:Ruling parties by country 680:National unity government 3665:Motions of no confidence 3298:22 December 2009 at the 2518:In the aftermath of the 2340:Second Hashimoto Cabinet 2308:technocratic governments 2026:44th Canadian Parliament 815:on passing legislation. 717:Banned political parties 417:Leader of the Opposition 385:Leaders and organization 348:Parliamentary opposition 2995:"MuinĂ­n agus solĂĄthar?" 2687:"Labor clings to power" 2552:Scottish National Party 2500:Between 1977 and 1978, 2306:, formed in 2011, were 2285:Italian Communist Party 825:Motion of no confidence 2706:"Supplying confidence" 2425:ministerial portfolios 2409:bipartisan cooperation 2293:il compromesso storico 2292: 2272: 2236: 2005:In November 2008, the 1911:Australian Labor Party 3655:Political terminology 3366:Confidence and supply 2520:2017 general election 2281:Andreotti III Cabinet 2225:a minority government 2221:2016 general election 2143:Ontario Liberal Party 2139:vote of no confidence 2094:declare no confidence 2070:snap election in 2020 2019:parliamentary dispute 1982:Jacqui Lambie Network 1926:2010 federal election 782:confidence and supply 650:Confidence and supply 507:Leadership convention 358:Official party status 314:Entrepreneurial party 18:Supply and confidence 3396:Consensus government 2574:until October 2017. 2556:Scottish Green Party 2534:was agreed with the 2530:without a majority, 2377:parliamentary groups 2370:coalition government 2277:Christian Democratic 2237:muinĂ­n agus solĂĄthar 2086:legislative assembly 2011:New Democratic Party 1540:Fernando LĂłpez Miras 1416:JosĂ© Manuel Bolieiro 1285:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 882:Confidence partners 801:coalition government 655:Consensus government 645:Coalition government 437:Parliamentary leader 244:Classical radicalism 3660:Government finances 3622: ∘  3619: ∘  3616: ∘  3613: ∘  3610: ∘  3607: ∘  3602: ∘  3599: ∘  3596: ∘  3593: ∘  3590: ∘  3587: ∘  3582: ∘  3579: ∘  3576: ∘  3573: ∘  3570: ∘  3567: ∘  3562: ∘  3559: ∘  3556: ∘  3553: ∘  3550: ∘  3547: ∘  3542: ∘  3539: ∘  3536: ∘  3533: ∘  3530: ∘  3527: ∘  3522: ∘  3519: ∘  3516: ∘  3513: ∘  3510: ∘  3507: ∘  3502: ∘  3499: ∘  3496: ∘  3493: ∘  3490: ∘  3487: ∘  3469: ∘  3465: ∘  3461: ∘  3456: ∘  3452: ∘  3447: ∘  3442: ∘  3438: ∘  3433: ∘  3429: ∘  3425: ∘  3421: ∘  3416: ∘  3412: ∘  3407: ∘  3381:Majority government 3361:Minority government 2560:Scottish Parliament 2542:Devolved government 2163:Yukon Liberal Party 1918:minority government 876:Head of government 869: 786:minority government 736:Politics portal 685:Rotation government 675:Minority government 670:Majority government 635:Parliamentary group 492:Leadership election 169:Christian democracy 3352:Opposition parties 3349:Government parties 3346:Type of government 3335:Coalition spectrum 3260:. 2 February 2017. 2924:The Globe and Mail 2879:CTV News Vancouver 2848:The Globe and Mail 2564:Welsh Labour Party 2528:Conservative Party 2358:New Frontier Party 1914:Gillard government 879:Governing parties 868: 850:appropriation bill 840:Appropriation bill 778:Westminster system 640:Divided government 534:Crossing the floor 480:Internal elections 452:Party spokesperson 363:Single-issue party 53:Political Spectrum 3642: 3641: 3637: 3636: 3371:Rainbow coalition 3278:. 6 October 2017. 3064:. 14 January 2020 3019:on 27 August 2016 2477:New Zealand First 2473:Progressive Party 2405:COVID-19 pandemic 2107:People's Alliance 1886: 1885: 981:Mette Frederiksen 809:ministerial roles 770: 769: 616: 615: 432:Political faction 140: 139: 16:(Redirected from 3672: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3413: 3408: 3343: 3329: 3322: 3315: 3306: 3280: 3279: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3250: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3178: 3172: 3171: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3135: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3009: 3003: 3002: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2983:. 28 April 2021. 2973: 2967: 2966: 2947:The Toronto Star 2942: 2936: 2935: 2915: 2909: 2908: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2861: 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Archived from 2649: 2643: 2631: 2625: 2612: 2595: 2588: 2397:Barisan Nasional 2385:New Party Daichi 2337: 2335: 2333:kakugai kyƍryoku 2329: 2328: 2273:appoggio esterno 2257:general election 2161:resulted in the 2056:. The incumbent 2040:British Columbia 1990:Kristie Johnston 1976:, the incumbent 1845: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1782: 1780: 1779: 1774: 1773: 1717: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1652: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1589: 1587: 1586: 1581: 1580: 1533: 1531: 1530: 1525: 1524: 1479:Balearic Islands 1477: 1475: 1474: 1469: 1468: 1409: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1400: 1349: 1347: 1346: 1341: 1340: 1278: 1277: 1222: 1221: 1150: 1149: 1087: 1086: 1039: 1038: 974: 973: 920:Andrej Plenković 913: 912: 870: 794:the state budget 790:confidence votes 762: 755: 748: 734: 733: 573: 539:Party discipline 521:Party discipline 487:Primary election 343:Opposition party 254:Social democracy 184:Environmentalism 58: 32: 21: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3670: 3669: 3645: 3644: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 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2589: 2585: 2580: 2544: 2502:Jim Callaghan's 2498: 2417: 2401:Pakatan Harapan 2393: 2353:Shintƍ Sakigake 2323: 2316: 2265: 2239:) support from 2217: 2179: 2155: 2127: 2078: 2042: 2003: 1998: 1970: 1942: 1940:New South Wales 1924:elected at the 1922:hung parliament 1907: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1839: 1832: 1777: 1775: 1768: 1724:Jeremy Rockliff 1711: 1704: 1654:New South Wales 1646: 1639: 1584: 1582: 1575: 1528: 1526: 1519: 1472: 1470: 1463: 1404: 1402: 1395: 1344: 1342: 1335: 1272: 1229:Ulf Kristersson 1216: 1144: 1081: 1033: 968: 907: 901: 898: 866: 846: 838:Main articles: 836: 827: 821: 766: 728: 723: 722: 721: 701: 691: 690: 689: 665:Hung parliament 660:Grand coalition 629: 628:between parties 618: 617: 612: 603: 584: 570: 560: 559: 558: 554:Party switching 549:Party-line vote 529:Conscience vote 523: 513: 512: 511: 481: 473: 472: 471: 427:Minority leader 422:Majority leader 386: 378: 377: 376: 309:Catch-all party 283: 275: 274: 273: 153: 142: 141: 136: 111: 81: 55: 37:Politics series 28: 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QuĂ©bĂ©cois 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1972:Following the 1969: 1966: 1954:Alex Greenwich 1944:Following the 1941: 1938: 1903:Main article: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1829: 1828: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1791: 1786: 1765: 1764: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1745: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1681: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1598: 1593: 1572: 1571: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1460: 1459: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1440: 1431: 1418: 1413: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1372: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1332: 1331: 1325: 1324: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1305: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1231: 1226: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1193: 1168: 1159: 1154: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1121: 1112: 1096: 1091: 1078: 1077: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1046:Shehbaz Sharif 1043: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1010: 996: 983: 978: 965: 964: 959: 956: 953: 950: 945: 931: 922: 917: 904: 903: 894: 891: 887: 886: 883: 880: 877: 874: 865: 862: 844:Loss of supply 835: 832: 823:Main article: 820: 817: 768: 767: 765: 764: 757: 750: 742: 739: 738: 725: 724: 720: 719: 714: 709: 703: 702: 697: 696: 693: 692: 688: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 631: 630: 624: 623: 620: 619: 614: 613: 611: 610: 604: 602: 601: 596: 591: 589:Dominant-party 585: 583: 582: 576: 571: 566: 565: 562: 561: 557: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 525: 524: 519: 518: 515: 514: 510: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 483: 482: 479: 478: 475: 474: 470: 469: 464: 462:Shadow cabinet 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 412:Lead candidate 409: 404: 399: 394: 388: 387: 384: 383: 380: 379: 375: 374: 365: 360: 355: 353:Party of power 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 285: 284: 281: 280: 277: 276: 272: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 219:Libertarianism 216: 211: 206: 201: 199:Green politics 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 155: 154: 148: 147: 144: 143: 138: 137: 135: 134: 129: 123: 120: 119: 113: 112: 110: 109: 104: 102:Radical Centre 99: 93: 90: 89: 83: 82: 80: 79: 74: 68: 65: 64: 56: 51: 50: 47: 46: 44:Party politics 40: 39: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3677: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3605: 3585: 3565: 3545: 3525: 3505: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3459: 3450: 3445: 3436: 3419: 3410: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3355: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3339: 3330: 3325: 3323: 3318: 3316: 3311: 3310: 3307: 3301: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3277: 3273: 3267: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3246: 3234: 3230: 3223: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3205: 3202: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3177: 3174: 3169: 3168: 3163: 3156: 3153: 3140: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3115: 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2349: 2345: 2341: 2334: 2321: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2304:Monti Cabinet 2301: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2099: 2098:Brian Gallant 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2076:New Brunswick 2075: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2034:Jagmeet Singh 2031: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2007:Liberal Party 2000: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1986:David O'Byrne 1983: 1979: 1975: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1906: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1843: 1836: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1772: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1715: 1708: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1650: 1643: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1596:MarĂ­a Chivite 1594: 1592: 1579: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1523: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1484:Marga Prohens 1482: 1480: 1467: 1462: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1399: 1394: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1356:AdriĂĄn BarbĂłn 1354: 1352: 1339: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1157:Pedro SĂĄnchez 1155: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1104: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1004: 1000: 997: 995: 991: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 972: 967: 966: 963: 960: 957: 954: 951: 949: 946: 943: 939: 935: 932: 930: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 911: 906: 905: 902: 899: 892: 888: 871: 863: 861: 859: 855: 851: 845: 841: 833: 831: 826: 818: 816: 814: 810: 806: 802: 797: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 776:based on the 775: 763: 758: 756: 751: 749: 744: 743: 741: 740: 737: 732: 727: 726: 718: 715: 713: 710: 708: 705: 704: 700: 695: 694: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 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165: 162: 160: 157: 156: 152: 146: 145: 133: 130: 128: 125: 124: 122: 121: 118: 114: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 94: 92: 91: 88: 84: 78: 75: 73: 70: 69: 67: 66: 63: 59: 54: 49: 48: 45: 41: 38: 34: 33: 30: 19: 3628:Non-partisan 3626: 3475:Non-partisan 3473: 3365: 3275: 3266: 3257: 3248: 3236:. Retrieved 3232: 3222: 3213: 3204: 3192:. Retrieved 3188:The Guardian 3186: 3176: 3165: 3155: 3143:. Retrieved 3118:. Retrieved 3113: 3104: 3094:17 September 3092:. Retrieved 3088: 3078: 3066:. Retrieved 3061: 3052: 3043: 3033: 3021:. Retrieved 3017:the original 3007: 2998: 2989: 2980: 2971: 2946: 2940: 2923: 2913: 2904: 2894: 2882:. Retrieved 2878: 2868: 2856:. Retrieved 2847: 2835: 2823:. Retrieved 2817: 2807: 2795:. Retrieved 2791: 2781: 2769:. Retrieved 2764: 2755: 2743:. Retrieved 2738: 2729: 2717:. Retrieved 2712: 2699: 2690: 2680: 2668:. Retrieved 2664:the original 2659: 2647: 2642:, 8 May 2010 2637: 2629: 2624:, 7 May 2010 2619: 2614:James Cook, 2610: 2586: 2545: 2517: 2513:Lib-Lab Pact 2505:Labour Party 2499: 2483:. After the 2469:Labour Party 2435: 2428: 2418: 2394: 2374: 2352: 2317: 2300:Dini Cabinet 2297: 2266: 2218: 2202: 2180: 2156: 2128: 2102:Blaine Higgs 2079: 2043: 2023: 2004: 1971: 1943: 1932:MPs and one 1908: 1880: 1866: 1825: 1811: 1789:Bodo Ramelow 1761: 1747: 1697: 1683: 1632: 1618: 1568: 1554: 1512: 1498: 1456: 1442: 1388: 1374: 1329:Sub-national 1328: 1321: 1307: 1265: 1251: 1209: 1195: 1137: 1123: 1074: 1060: 1026: 1012: 961: 947: 900: 897: 847: 828: 798: 781: 771: 649: 608:Non-partisan 447:Party leader 407:Frontbencher 402:Caucus chair 338:Ruling party 319:Ethnic party 299:Cartel party 179:Conservatism 127:Centre-Right 107:Centre-Right 35:Part of the 29: 2884:5 September 2858:11 November 2797:4 September 2792:Global News 2592:Poland 2050 2568:Plaid Cymru 2524:Theresa May 2522:which left 2490:Green Party 2465:Helen Clark 2463:had led to 2457:Māori Party 2415:New Zealand 2366:new cabinet 2241:Fianna FĂĄil 2182:Third Front 2167:Yukon Party 2115:Green Party 2111:Kris Austin 2066:John Horgan 1930:independent 1852:Ranj Pillai 1659:Chris Minns 1119:Independent 1094:Donald Tusk 890:Government 599:Multi-party 442:Party chair 392:Backbencher 328:Minor party 324:Major party 304:Competitive 294:Elite party 229:Nationalism 159:Agrarianism 97:Centre-Left 77:Centre-Left 3649:Categories 3120:19 October 3068:26 January 2739:www.cbc.ca 2602:References 2219:After the 2157:After the 2141:, and the 2119:David Coon 2044:After the 1962:Joe McGirr 1958:Greg Piper 854:Parliament 819:Confidence 626:Coalitions 544:Party line 333:Mass party 289:Bloc party 264:Syncretism 224:Monarchism 214:Liberalism 151:Ideologies 117:Right-Wing 2999:comhar.ie 2963:435524082 2955:0319-0781 2932:0319-0714 2253:32nd DĂĄil 2229:Fine Gael 1916:formed a 1894:Australia 1784:Thuringia 594:Two-party 580:One-party 497:Open list 457:Secretary 269:Third Way 259:Socialism 174:Communism 164:Anarchism 132:Far-Right 62:Left-Wing 3414:⇐ 3296:Archived 3276:BBC News 3258:BBC News 3214:BBC News 3167:BBC News 3023:3 August 2981:CBC News 2959:ProQuest 2905:CBC News 2852:Archived 2670:14 March 2621:BBC News 2455:and the 2437:John Key 2391:Malaysia 2198:Congress 2165:and the 2009:and the 1968:Tasmania 1736:– Ind. ( 1719:Tasmania 1676:, & 1361:FSA-PSOE 1351:Asturias 1318:318/600 1299:HÜDA PAR 1262:176/349 1206:179/350 1179:EH Bildu 1134:248/460 1071:176/336 1041:Pakistan 893:Support 873:Country 234:Populism 209:Islamism 204:Hindutva 194:Feminism 72:Far-Left 3467:— 3463:— 3454:— 3440:— 3431:— 3427:— 3423:— 3238:10 June 3145:25 June 3114:Newshub 2289:Italian 2269:Italian 2215:Ireland 2125:Ontario 2117:leader 2109:leader 2001:Federal 1978:Liberal 1920:in the 1899:Federal 1857:Liberal 1729:Liberal 1609:Podemos 1591:Navarre 1421:PPD/PSD 1183:EAJ/PNV 1128:51.95% 1023:90/179 1009:– Ind. 976:Denmark 958:76/151 944:– Ind. 915:Croatia 858:monarch 805:cabinet 189:Fascism 3194:22 May 2961:  2953:  2930:  2825:1 July 2771:2 June 2745:5 June 2719:5 July 2562:. The 2550:. The 2249:Seanad 2133:, the 2084:) the 2048:, the 1996:Canada 1960:, and 1948:, the 1877:11/19 1871:42.1% 1822:63/90 1816:46.7% 1781:  1758:19/35 1752:40.0% 1740:& 1694:48/93 1688:48.3% 1668:Ind. ( 1629:30/50 1623:42.0% 1588:  1565:30/45 1559:46.6% 1535:Murcia 1532:  1509:34/59 1503:42.3% 1476:  1453:29/57 1447:45.6% 1425:CDS-PP 1411:Azores 1408:  1385:23/45 1379:42.2% 1348:  1312:43.8% 1280:Turkey 1256:29.5% 1224:Sweden 1200:43.4% 1138:53.91% 1103:PL2050 1089:Poland 1065:32.1% 952:44.4% 938:HNS-LD 896:Total 885:Seats 834:Supply 397:Caucus 149:Major 87:Centre 2709:(PDF) 2578:Notes 2342:, an 2320:Japan 2314:Japan 2263:Italy 2233:Irish 2205:CPI-M 2177:India 2153:Yukon 1950:Labor 1934:Green 1881:57.9% 1847:Yukon 1826:70.0% 1802:GrĂŒne 1794:LINKE 1762:54.2% 1698:51.6% 1664:Labor 1633:60.0% 1569:66.6% 1513:57.6% 1457:50.9% 1434:Chega 1389:51.1% 1366:IU/IX 1322:53.0% 1266:50.4% 1210:51.1% 1175:Junts 1166:Sumar 1152:Spain 1075:52.3% 1027:50.3% 962:50.3% 282:Types 3240:2017 3196:2016 3147:2018 3122:2017 3096:2021 3070:2020 3025:2016 2951:ISSN 2928:ISSN 2886:2020 2860:2018 2827:2017 2799:2024 2773:2022 2747:2022 2721:2022 2672:2016 2566:and 2554:and 2485:2014 2479:and 2461:2005 2445:2008 2399:and 2383:and 2350:and 2327:é–Łć€–ć”ćŠ› 2298:The 2245:DĂĄil 2203:The 2190:1996 2188:and 2186:1989 1988:and 1936:MP. 1909:The 1605:GBai 1162:PSOE 1051:PMLN 1017:48% 934:HSLS 929:SDSS 842:and 813:whip 807:and 792:and 467:Whip 3089:CNA 3044:RTÉ 2526:'s 2467:'s 2449:ACT 2439:'s 2421:MMP 2348:JSP 2344:LDP 2318:In 2247:or 2196:or 2194:BJP 1862:NDP 1819:21 1807:CDU 1798:SPD 1734:JLN 1614:I-E 1601:PSN 1550:Vox 1494:Vox 1429:PPM 1370:IAS 1315:55 1308:263 1303:DSP 1295:MHP 1290:AKP 1259:73 1252:103 1203:27 1196:152 1191:CCa 1187:BNG 1171:ERC 1124:239 1068:68 1061:108 1056:PPP 955:10 942:HDS 925:HDZ 772:In 3651:: 3274:. 3256:. 3231:. 3212:. 3185:. 3164:. 3130:^ 3112:. 3087:. 3060:. 3042:. 2997:. 2979:. 2957:. 2949:. 2926:. 2922:. 2903:. 2877:. 2850:. 2846:. 2816:. 2790:. 2763:. 2737:. 2711:. 2689:. 2658:. 2636:, 2618:, 2538:. 2492:. 2451:, 2433:. 2411:. 2330:, 2291:: 2271:: 2235:: 2223:, 2211:. 2200:. 2072:. 2021:. 1956:, 1874:3 1812:42 1800:– 1796:– 1755:5 1748:14 1744:) 1742:KJ 1738:DO 1691:3 1684:45 1680:) 1678:JM 1674:GP 1672:, 1670:AG 1626:9 1619:21 1607:– 1603:– 1562:9 1555:21 1545:PP 1506:9 1499:25 1489:PP 1450:3 1443:26 1438:IL 1436:– 1427:- 1423:– 1382:4 1375:19 1368:– 1301:– 1297:– 1247:SD 1240:– 1238:KD 1236:– 1189:– 1185:– 1181:– 1177:– 1173:– 1164:– 1131:9 1117:– 1115:LT 1110:NL 1108:- 1106:KP 1101:– 1099:KO 1020:4 1013:86 1005:– 1003:JF 1001:– 992:– 988:– 948:67 940:– 936:– 927:– 860:. 799:A 780:, 370:/ 326:/ 3328:e 3321:t 3314:v 3242:. 3216:. 3198:. 3170:. 3149:. 3124:. 3098:. 3072:. 3046:. 3027:. 3001:. 2965:. 2934:. 2907:. 2888:. 2862:. 2829:. 2801:. 2775:. 2749:. 2723:. 2674:. 2594:. 2336:) 2324:( 1867:8 1242:L 1234:M 1007:S 999:B 994:M 990:V 986:A 761:e 754:t 747:v 20:)

Index

Supply and confidence
Politics series
Party politics
Political Spectrum
Left-Wing
Far-Left
Centre-Left
Centre
Centre-Left
Radical Centre
Centre-Right
Right-Wing
Centre-Right
Far-Right
Ideologies
Agrarianism
Anarchism
Christian democracy
Communism
Conservatism
Environmentalism
Fascism
Feminism
Green politics
Hindutva
Islamism
Liberalism
Libertarianism
Monarchism
Nationalism

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