1663:
30:
536:
Guinea's underlying law. Decisions of the pre-Independence
Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea are deemed to be foreign law, equivalent in authority to decisions by any foreign court with a similar legal system, and of persuasive value only. The principle of the mere persuasiveness of overseas (and pre-Independence Papua New Guinea) authority vis-à-vis the binding authority of pre-1975 English authority has been applied many times in, for example,
353:
478:
powers" is frequently referred to. However, as in
Australia (and unlike in the USA where the principle was enunciated and where the executive is not responsible to the legislature) it has a special limited application, being confined to describing the well-established convention of an independent judiciary, dating from the English
535:
The hierarchy of case law precedent is that while the
Supreme Court has authority to overrule any case authority, its own decisions are binding on the lower courts as are the decisions of the English superior courts prior to Papua New Guinea's independence, which are deemed to be part of Papua New
517:
which purports to mandate greater attention by the courts to custom and the development of customary law as an important component of the underlying law. In practice the courts have found great difficulty in applying the vastly differing custom of the many traditional societies of the country in a
477:
The constitutional convention which deliberated on the drafting of Papua New Guinea's
Constitution immediately prior to Independence took counsel from Canadian academics and the reference procedure was readily adopted. In Papua New Guinean jurisprudence, as in Australia, the formula "separation of
568:
in 1933, Canada in 1949, India in 1950, Nigeria in 1963, Guyana in 1970, Ceylon in 1971, Australia federally in 1968, and from
Australian States in 1975. They accordingly did not exist from the High Court of Australia when Papua New Guinea was granted independence, and consideration of appeals to
469:
of government, a jurisdiction expressly conferred on the
Supreme Court by Papua New Guinea's Constitution. Other jurisdictions, notably the USA (federally, though not in all states) and Australia, eschew the reference function for their courts on the grounds that it violates the principle of the
569:
London from Papua New Guinea did not arise. Canadian appeals to the Privy
Council were often heard by an Australian judge and vice versa; admirable cases decided in the other country are occasionally followed as are parliamentary statutes adopted even yet though seldom expressly acknowledged.
508:, i.e. the common law of Papua New Guinea, having resort to those rules of local custom in various regions of the country which may be taken to be common to the whole country. The responsibility has been given additional express warrant in the
440:
Not separately constituted, the
Supreme Court is an appellate committee or "full court" of the National Court, which is the superior-level trial court. Judges of the National Court form panels of the Supreme Court on an ad hoc basis to hear
548:
AC 1129 on the ineligibility of plaintiffs to an award of exemplary damages against ministers of the state or public servants other than in strictly limited circumstances, notwithstanding its having been decisively overruled by both the
526:
expounded at length on these issues. Further, in the 2017 Third
National Underlying Law Conference, many notable speakers expressed similar sentiments that the underlying law is not being developed at sufficient pace.
414:. Judges of the pre-Independence Supreme Court automatically became the first justices of the National Court and accordingly among the pool of judges that were available to be empanelled as a Supreme Court bench.
122:
1569:
518:
modern legal system and the development of the customary law according to indigenous
Melanesian conceptions of justice and equity has been less thorough than may have been anticipated in 1975; the
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619:, who served as Chief Justice from August 16, 2003 until his resignation in 2008 for health reasons. Kapi was succeeded the same year by Sir
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as among the legislative, executive and judiciary; in Canada, it is held that the principle is inapplicable in a parliamentary democracy.
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In the latter case the Court is, strictly speaking, not exercising a judicial function but rather, pursuant to the ruling of the
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does not yet appear to have had significant effect. An ardent proponent of the underlying law, David Gonol in his book titled
1931:
1607:
330:
843:
As of 13 April 2020, the following judges, in order of seniority, comprise the Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea:
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1771:
1719:
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236:
157:
2226:
1839:
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611:
then became the first native-born Chief Justice (1980–1993). At the end of his ten-year term, Kidu was succeeded by Sir
344:
201:
50:
20:
1531:
445:
from the National Court, appeals from assorted administrative tribunals, and to hear references in the Supreme Court's
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1602:
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1420:
231:
87:
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1709:
1647:
1627:
1448:
297:
2209:
2204:
2036:
1889:
1844:
1821:
1811:
1463:
2343:
2236:
1941:
1879:
1874:
1776:
1652:
1597:
1513:
590:
402:
since 16 September 1975, replacing the pre-Independence Supreme Court (corresponding to the post-Independence
1508:
604:, the second (and expatriate) Chief Justice of Papua New Guinea together with three other expatriate judges.
2254:
2099:
2094:
2089:
1951:
1859:
1854:
1816:
1073:
597:
554:
550:
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403:
1536:
1003:
2274:
2084:
1966:
1739:
1729:
1503:
1493:
1483:
1473:
1413:
1284:
1024:
996:
905:
715:
696:
466:
437:, Deputy Chief Justice and the judges of the National Court (excluding acting judges) comprise the Court.
2307:
2151:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2074:
2031:
2016:
1458:
1322:
1017:
954:
446:
29:
1180:
The Underlying Law of Papua New Guinea : an inquiry into adoption and application of customary law
863:
677:
658:
1031:
975:
877:
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2001:
1115:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1066:
940:
912:
870:
601:
502:
The Supreme Court (together with the National Court) has a special responsibility for developing the
471:
947:
891:
2141:
2026:
2021:
1396:
1108:
1052:
1038:
1010:
982:
919:
884:
849:
479:
1359:
1045:
1971:
1869:
1806:
1673:
1378:
1122:
1059:
961:
926:
524:
The Underlying Law of Papua New Guinea: An inquiry into adoption and application of customary law
1101:
933:
2221:
2179:
2006:
1714:
357:
1262:
2284:
2011:
1961:
734:
586:
565:
399:
2189:
2121:
1991:
1976:
1801:
1734:
1289:
1155:
426:
1547:
509:
2264:
2054:
1986:
1340:
541:
423:
2332:
2269:
898:
1744:
1309:
823:
805:
624:
620:
97:
1195:
627:
succeeded Injia in becoming the fifth national Chief Justice of Papua New Guinea.
490:
the executive is, of course, responsible to the legislature in Papua New Guinea's
1686:
769:
612:
55:
596:
The independence of the Bench was tested in 1979 during the Rooney Affair (see
560:
Appeals from some of the various Supreme Courts within the Commonwealth to the
2259:
968:
1405:
989:
787:
750:
616:
608:
275:
126:
67:
43:
463:
Attorney-General of Ontario v Attorney-General of Canada (Reference Appeal)
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1981:
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2116:
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2059:
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2104:
1397:
http://www.pngjudiciary.gov.pg/index.php/about-the-courts/judges
406:) and the overseas appellate tribunals from 1902 to 1975 of the
1551:
1409:
726:
Australian expatriate; first post-independence chief justice.
1661:
1395:"Judges", Supreme and National Courts of Papua New Guinea,
593:, presides over the Supreme Court and the National Court.
1152:
Constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea
581:, appointed under Papua New Guinea's Constitution by the
1156:
http://www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/cotisopng534/
1206:
Privy Council (Limitation of Appeals) Act, 1968 (Cth)
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1830:
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1648:
Saint Helena, Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha
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453:
Reference jurisdiction and the separation of powers
1216:Privy Council (Appeals from the High Court) Act,
540:PNGLR 43 that it is bound to follow the English
1196:http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1964/1.html
1563:
1421:
1323:"Sir Frederick Beaumont Phillips (1890–1957)"
1253:"Former PNG chief justice Sir Mari Kapi dies"
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1643:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
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382:
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15:
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600:), whose outcome was the resignation of
268:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
2339:1975 establishments in Papua New Guinea
2027:Rhode-island and Providence Plantations
1144:
688:Australian expatriate; died in office.
615:(1993–2003). Amet was succeeded by Sir
562:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
459:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
422:The Supreme Court was established as a
412:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
18:
1578:Chief justices of British dependencies
1360:"Sir John Patrick Minogue (1909–1989)"
538:Toglai Apa and Bomai Siune v The State
1379:"Sir Thomas Sydney Frost (1916–1997)"
7:
1750:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
583:Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
1383:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1364:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1327:Australian Dictionary of Biography
434:
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761:First native-born chief justice.
579:Chief Justice of Papua New Guinea
564:were abolished by Ireland as the
435:Chief Justice of Papua New Guinea
396:Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea
351:
28:
1957:Saint Kitts, Nevis and Anguilla
1285:"Former PNG Chief Justice dies"
1258:The National (Papua New Guinea)
1182:(2016, UPNG Press and Bookshop)
1608:British Indian Ocean Territory
1454:Federated States of Micronesia
398:has been the highest court of
1:
1345:Papua New Guinea Post-Courier
498:Developing the underlying law
418:Establishment and composition
326:2011–12 constitutional crisis
1377:Henningham, Stephen (2023).
1341:"Tributes for Chief Justice"
1283:Nanol, Firmin (2009-03-26).
465:AC 571, one of advising the
21:Politics of Papua New Guinea
1603:British Antarctic Territory
1321:Quinlivan, Paul J. (1988).
2370:
2142:Palestine and Transjordan
1659:
1436:Supreme Courts of Oceania
429:under Papua New Guinea's
1653:Turks and Caicos Islands
591:King of Papua New Guinea
227:Administrative divisions
221:Administrative divisions
132:Leader of the Opposition
2354:Law of Papua New Guinea
2349:National supreme courts
1194:AC 1129, available via
707:Australian expatriate.
669:Australian expatriate.
598:Law of Papua New Guinea
555:Supreme Court of Canada
551:High Court of Australia
408:High Court of Australia
247:Local-level governments
2075:Federated Malay States
1967:West Indies Federation
1666:
1074:Oagile Bethuel Dingake
531:Hierarchy of precedent
286:Diplomatic missions of
1665:
1154:s 160, available via
855:Deputy Chief Justice
447:original jurisdiction
358:New Guinea portal
2167:Former (Australasia)
1947:Prince Edward Island
1585:Overseas territories
1358:Ryan, Peter (2012).
1242:ss 161(1) and 164(a)
997:Hitelai Polume-Kiele
962:John Alexander Logan
906:Allen Kingsley David
602:Sir William Prentice
472:separation of powers
2070:Straits Settlements
1900:Trinidad and Tobago
850:Gibuna Gibbs Salika
589:in his capacity as
290:in Papua New Guinea
118:National Parliament
1870:Demerara-Essequibo
1807:British Somaliland
1674:Crown Dependencies
1667:
1018:Robert Lee Lindsay
955:Berna Joan Collier
848:Chief Justice Sir
520:Underlying Law Act
511:Underlying Law Act
2326:
2325:
2222:Swan River Colony
2215:Western Australia
2180:Central Australia
1997:Massachusetts-Bay
1832:Former (Americas)
1765:Southern Rhodesia
1755:Northern Rhodesia
1715:British Cameroons
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659:Beaumont Phillips
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303:Visa requirements
262:Foreign relations
139:Political parties
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2295:Former (Oceania)
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1962:Windward Islands
1927:British Columbia
1860:British Honduras
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828:29 November 2018
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720:13 February 1975
663:23 November 1954
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566:Irish Free State
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941:Stephen Kassman
913:Derek Hartshorn
871:Les Gavara-Nanu
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623:. In 2018, Sir
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948:Jacinta Murray
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2020:
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2002:New Hampshire
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1053:Ravunama Auka
1050:
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1039:Danajo Koeget
1036:
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1019:
1015:
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1011:Frazer Pitpit
1008:
1005:
1004:Kenneth Frank
1001:
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984:
983:Peter Toliken
980:
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920:Collin Makail
917:
914:
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903:
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899:George Manuhu
896:
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723:November 1977
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585:on behalf of
584:
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573:Chief Justice
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36:
35:
31:
27:
26:
22:
17:
2303:Cook Islands
2294:
2246:
2231:
2166:
2137:North Borneo
2046:
2022:Pennsylvania
1917:Newfoundland
1831:
1797:South Africa
1792:Sierra Leone
1745:Lagos Colony
1701:
1532:Cook Islands
1488:
1391:
1382:
1372:
1363:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1316:
1310:Gibbs Salika
1305:
1294:. Retrieved
1288:
1278:
1267:. Retrieved
1265:. 2009-03-26
1256:
1247:
1240:Constitution
1239:
1235:
1228:Constitution
1227:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1202:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1174:
1167:Constitution
1166:
1162:
1151:
1147:
1046:Daniel Liosi
1025:William Neil
988:Justice Sir
842:
824:Gibbs Salika
806:Salamo Injia
716:Sydney Frost
697:John Minogue
685:20 June 1970
666:January 1957
625:Gibbs Salika
621:Salamo Injia
606:
595:
576:
559:
545:
537:
534:
523:
519:
513:
510:
503:
501:
487:
483:
480:
476:
462:
456:
439:
431:Constitution
421:
395:
393:
206:
98:James Marape
2227:New Zealand
1972:Connecticut
1937:Nova-Scotia
1895:St. Vincent
1720:Cape Colony
1687:Isle of Man
1479:New Zealand
1123:John Numapo
1060:Thomas Anis
1020:(Mt. Hagen)
1006:(Mt. Hagen)
927:Joseph Yagi
770:Arnold Amet
701:5 July 1970
682:20 May 1957
613:Arnold Amet
308:Visa policy
112:Legislature
56:Charles III
2333:Categories
2260:Heligoland
2195:Queensland
2007:New-Jersey
1812:Tanganyika
1787:Seychelles
1730:Gold Coast
1633:Montserrat
1296:2009-04-13
1269:2009-04-13
1218:1975 (Cth)
1139:References
1102:John Kaumi
1048:(Kundiawa)
969:Iova Geita
934:Ere Kariko
644:Term Start
492:Parliament
331:Corruption
2175:Australia
2157:Singapore
2080:Hong Kong
1760:Nyasaland
1710:Mauritius
1628:Gibraltar
1449:Australia
1178:D Gonol,
990:Kina Bona
985:(Kavieng)
788:Mari Kapi
751:Buri Kidu
617:Mari Kapi
609:Buri Kidu
276:Soroi Eoe
242:Districts
237:Provinces
194:Judiciary
165:General:
158:elections
151:Elections
127:Job Pomat
82:Executive
68:Bob Dadae
44:The Crown
2210:Victoria
2205:Tasmania
2037:Virginia
2012:New-York
1992:Maryland
1977:Delaware
1910:Trinidad
1890:St Lucia
1865:Dominica
1845:Barbados
1822:Zanzibar
1682:Guernsey
1638:Pitcairn
1593:Anguilla
1464:Kiribati
1230:s 169(2)
1169:s 161(1)
1121:Justice
1118:(Madang)
1114:Justice
1107:Justice
1100:Justice
1093:Justice
1086:Justice
1079:Justice
1072:Justice
1065:Justice
1058:Justice
1051:Justice
1044:Justice
1037:Justice
1030:Justice
1027:(Goroka)
1023:Justice
1016:Justice
1009:Justice
1002:Justice
995:Justice
981:Justice
978:(Alotau)
974:Justice
971:(Madang)
967:Justice
960:Justice
953:Justice
946:Justice
943:(Kokopo)
939:Justice
932:Justice
929:(Goroka)
925:Justice
918:Justice
911:Justice
904:Justice
897:Justice
894:(Madang)
890:Justice
883:Justice
876:Justice
869:Justice
862:Justice
650:Comment
647:Term End
553:and the
544:case of
424:superior
410:and the
298:Passport
272:Minister
2280:Minorca
2152:Sarawak
1987:Georgia
1982:Florida
1942:Ontario
1880:Jamaica
1875:Grenada
1850:Berbice
1840:Bahamas
1782:Senegal
1777:Nigeria
1598:Bermuda
1514:Vanuatu
1263:PACNEWS
1125:(Kimbe)
1111:(Wewak)
1055:(Wabag)
880:(Kimbe)
866:(Wewak)
443:appeals
232:Regions
156:Recent
123:Speaker
88:Cabinet
51:Monarch
2255:Cyprus
2147:Penang
2127:Malaya
2117:Labuan
2100:Madras
2095:Bombay
2090:Bengal
2065:Ceylon
1952:Quebec
1922:Canada
1905:Tobago
1817:Uganda
1725:Gambia
1692:Jersey
1509:Tuvalu
1104:(Tari)
1041:(Daru)
992:(Buka)
839:Judges
433:. The
2275:Malta
2237:Tonga
2085:India
2060:Burma
1772:Natal
1740:Kenya
1504:Tonga
1494:Samoa
1484:Palau
1474:Nauru
1013:(Lae)
950:(Lae)
742:1980
2308:Fiji
2112:Iraq
2105:Sind
2055:Aden
1537:Niue
1459:Fiji
813:2018
810:2008
795:2008
777:2003
774:1993
758:1993
755:1980
739:1977
641:Name
631:List
607:Sir
577:The
514:2000
484:1689
394:The
177:2022
172:2017
167:2012
638:No.
461:in
2335::
1381:.
1362:.
1343:.
1325:.
1287:.
1261:.
1255:.
820:10
557:.
494:.
449:.
288:/
274::
125::
1571:e
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1415:v
1385:.
1366:.
1329:.
1299:.
1272:.
802:9
784:8
766:7
747:6
731:5
712:4
693:3
674:2
655:1
488::
383:e
376:t
369:v
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