909:. These are also called "Mals", a shortened form of "Malibu boards". They range from 270 to 430 cm (9 to 14 ft) long, or 90 cm (3 ft) taller than the rider in overall length. The advantage of a longboard is its substantial buoyancy and planing surface enable surfers to ride waves generally deemed too small to propel a shortboard. Longboards are more suitable for beginners because of the board's size and ease of catching waves. In the proper conditions, a skilled surfer can ride a wave standing on the nose of a longboard with their toes over the nose's edge: in this way, with the "toes on the nose", the surfer can "hang ten". Compared to the shortboards, longboards are considerably easier to learn on as they are capable of achieving stability, thus making the transition quite difficult.
929:. Surfing was brought to the Hawaiian Islands by Polynesians and has since become popular worldwide. The ancient boards were carved and fashioned out of solid wood, reaching lengths of 300 to 430 cm (10 to 14 ft) long and weighing as much as 70 kg. Both men and women, royalty and commoners surfed. But the longest of boards (the Olo) was reserved for royalty. During the 19th century, some extreme western missionaries actively discouraged surfing, viewing it as sinful. Surfing almost died out completely. In recent times replicas have been made of Olo's and alaia's by experienced surfers and shapers wishing to explore the roots of the sport.
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core. The "skin", made of a gloss coated foam, is stretched and adhered while vacuumed over the surface of the entire epoxy surfboard. The purpose of the cush is for dampening of chatter, absorption of impact landings, airs, grip, and overall added protection for a light epoxy board. Jim
Richardson, 25-year veteran shaper on the North Shore of Oahu, first pioneered this technology in the mid 1990s. And recently a few company's including Spacestick, Radiowake and CUSH (brand) have begun to market the advancements to the surfing community. Spacestick and CUSH surfboards are the current manufacturer for the various brands as of 2018.
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some ride boards up to 370 cm (12 ft) in length. Additionally, there is a revival of stand-up paddle-based surfing with boards up to 430 cm (14 ft) in length (for stability). The classic single-fin longboard retains much of its classic design including a single fin, weight, and considerable buoyancy. A longboard with a single fin allows the board to pivot turn in order to remain in the curl of the wave. Due to recent advances in technology, the longboard has expanded its family into different variations of the classic longboard.
602:(XPS foam) is somewhat heavier than EPS, and usually weighs as much as PU or more. XPS has a homogenous structure consisting of several layers of continuously extruded closed cells. XPS therefore resists water absorption very well, since there are no air gaps between the beads. Depending on construction, XPS boards may however be more prone delamination due to the closed structure preventing the epoxy resin getting a good grip on the foam. Improvements in manufacturing has alleviated some of these problems. XPS boards typically don't have a vent.
1017:, this racy longboard shape is a little narrower than most, with slightly pulled in nose and tail sections for extra maneuverability on Malibu's famous right hand point breaks. This classic shape has been ridden and praised by experienced surfers for its maneuverability and performance. Classic tricks that can be performed on a Malibu are "Hang Fives" and "Hang tens" whereby the surfer walks to the nose of the board and hangs 5 or 10 toes over the nose, the "soul arch", drop knee turns, head dips, switch stance maneuvers, and so on.
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practical purposes. But in the early 1990s, the longboard returned, integrating a number of the design features invented during the shortboard revolution. Surfers rediscovered the grace and poise – the "glide" – of the longboard, and the fun of classic maneuvers that are not possible on a shortboard. In some circles, the battle between longboards and shortboards continues. But many surfers live by a philosophy of finding the joy of surfing a mix of boards and surfing styles to suit the waves of the day.
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wood, or carbon onto the bottom and deck of the EPS foam core, usually separating the two layers with lightweight fiberglass cloth (2 oz pr. sq.yd, or 70 g/m) or other composites cloths. This can also be accompanied with parabolic rails made of balsa or other buoyant woods, carbon, or other high-density materials. This blank construction is then laminated with epoxy resin and fiberglass or other composite cloth as any other surfboard would be, by hand or via vacuum bag.
177:. These concaves have different uses and vary among different types of surfboards. Most concaves on the modern shortboard begin about 30 cm (12 in) back from the nose of the board on the bottom and then carry out through the middle to the tail of the surfboard. The purpose of concave is to direct water through the fins of the surfboard. Surfboard shapers sometimes experiment with concaves to create different drive and response characteristics on each individual surfboard.
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polyester resin on these boards, is that the polystyrene foam reacts chemically upon contact with polyester resin, causing the PS foam to melt. EPS and XPS have the advantages that they are more environmentally friendly, can last longer and are recyclable. However, they are more time consuming to shape by hand, taking for example 2 to 4 times as long to build. Often PS boards are not as stiff as PU boards, which may be the reason most professional surfers still prefer PU.
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705:.) Various construction methods are used to hollow the inside of the surfboard and lighten the weight of the completed board. Generally, a hollow wood surfboard is 30% to 300% heavier than a standard foam and resin surfboard. The main inspiration, apart from beauty, is that this is a more environmentally friendly method of construction (compared to epoxy and polyurethane methods) which uses fast-growing plantation wood such as
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777:(fins) but sometimes with two or as many as five. Surfers generally find a shortboard quick to maneuver compared with other types of surfboards, but because of a lack of flotation due to the smaller size, the shortboard is harder to catch waves with, often requiring steeper, larger and more powerful waves and very late takeoffs, where the surfer catches the wave at the critical moment before it breaks.
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are usually more affordable compared to other foam materials. Some drawbacks are the toxicity of the material, that it is non-recyclable and that the PU foam is more flexible than some alternatives, making the board less stiff so that it can bend and twist more during use. PU foam can also absorb water and yellow over time. It is also possible to build PU boards using
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wave as it displaces the water in its path. The resulting turbulence places drag on the surfboard. The bulb of the Bullet Fin reduces this drag by creating a new (primary) fin wave in front of the original (secondary) wave. This new bulb wave is designed to be nearly 180 degrees out of phase with the original fin wave to subtract its turbulence thus reducing fin drag.
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It is possible to buy such semi-finished EPS boards (known as "pop out boards") to which the buyer can add glassfiber and resin themselves. Another drawback with EPS foam is that it absorbs water more easily. EPS has a structure consisting of individually closed cells, but there are air gaps between the cells themselves where water can enter. This gives EPS a higher
324:. Several fin manufacturers tried making some fins at that time, after the article was discussed on Swaylock's design Forum. The process of grinding bumps, which are properly foiled, into an existing fin is an arduous, time consuming task. Hand foiling tubercles can take up to 40 hours+. Roy Stuart worked on wooden prototypes for years before creating the first
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more easily than a shortboard, yet with a shape that makes it more maneuverable than a longboard; hence it is a popular type of surfboard, especially among beginners or those transitioning from longboarding to the more difficult shortboarding. It is considered a good combination of the speed of a longboard and the maneuverability of a shortboard.
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turning capabilities. In a
Thruster, the symmetrically-foiled center fin is flanked by twin asymmetric, cambered fins. The camber is angled front in and top in, directing energy from the incoming wave to lift the board and straighten it, not dissimilar from the force vectoring provided by the geometry of a rocket's nozzle.
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The
Composite Sandwich type of board construction became popular among garage shapers and later, major manufacturers, during the 1990s and 2000s. This construction method entails hand- or machine-shaping a foam blank from EPS foam and then vacuum-bagging or hand-laminating a more dense layer of foam,
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One of the most recent modern advancements in surfboard technology is the creation of high performance boards which are wrapped in a stretchable soft skin which does not absorb water. The internal structure of Cush (cushion) boards is an epoxy surfboard with an EPS (extruded polystyrene) shaped foam
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method, which favors a central stringer with individually shaped transverse ribs covered with a skin and rails. A modern interpretation of Tom Blake's work is the perimeter stringer method used by some manufacturers, utilizing laminated rails as stringers connected with a series of plywood ribs. This
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EPS and XPS boards are sometimes erroneously referred to as "epoxy boards", while PU boards sometimes are erroneously referred to as "fiberglass boards". These designations are not correct. Firstly, fiberglass is the most common skin for all the mentioned foam types. Secondly, PU foam boards can also
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is the lightest foam material commonly used to produce surfboards today, being lighter than both PU and XPS. A drawback to EPS is that it is difficult to shape by hand, and EPS boards are therefore typically made using machines where the shaping of the foam is near completed after the molding itself.
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This refers to the vertical curve of the board between nose and tail. Rockers may be described as either heavy (steeply curved) or relaxed (less curved) and may be either continuous (a single curve between tip of nose and end of tail) or staged (distinct flat section in middle portion of board). The
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independently developed a similar design, but Brown himself gave Blake precedence: "(I made my first surfboard keel) about '36 or '37, somewhere in there; about the same time. But, I didn't know anything about (Blake) and his experiments with adding fins to surfboards. See, we were all separated out.
1580:"As most of us can’t afford a large quiver of boards, one really solid option you can consider is looking at having your board made with PU foam and Epoxy resin. This will give you the trusty feel and performance of your standard board, but with the added strength of epoxy resin instead of polyester"
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The funboard combines elements of both shortboards and longboards and are generally midsized, usually have a length of 210 to 240 cm (7 to 8 ft), thickness of 6 to 8 cm (2.5 to 3 in) and width of 53 to 56 cm (21 to 22 in). The funboard's design allows waves to be caught
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have been used in surfboards since the 1950s, and is, therefore, the oldest of the modern construction methods. Many hand-shaped boards are made of PU since it is a brittle material, making it easy to form by hand using sandpaper, shortening the build time. Both PU boards made by hand or by machines
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The edges of the board. A rounded rail is called "soft", while a more squared-off rail is called "hard", and rails that are in between are termed "50/50" ("fifty-fifty"). Larger, fuller rails contain a greater volume of foam giving the board increased buoyancy along the edge, while sharper, narrower
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or planking called
Hollowboards came into use. These were typically 460 to 610 cm (15 to 20 ft) in length and very light. During the 1950s, the surf trend took off dramatically as it obtained a substantial amount of popularity as a sport. The design and material of longboards in the 1950s
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Soft skin construction, such as Cush or
Spacestick boards, adds an additional soft shell skin to the outside of a sandwich construction board. The soft skin is vacuumed to the cloth and epoxy so that the soft shell is exposed--- meaning the hard glass and resin are protected inside, and under, the
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wood's surfboard history originates in the
Hawaiians, and the wood lead surfing's landfall on the US west coast in the 1940s. Being light and strong, balsa wood was long considered a perfect material for surfboards. Shapers could not use this fragile wood to make entire surfboards until after WWII,
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Surfboard traction pads, deck grips, tailpads. There are several names for this piece of foam applied to the top of a surfboard to increase the grip and allow surfers to have more control and perform more high performance maneuvers. Traction pads are used on both shortboards and longboards, usually
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Bullet Fins were invented in the 2005 by Ron
Pettibone to increase surfboard hull planing and rail-to-rail transition speed. The patent-pending fins are based on 50 years of hydrodynamic research on the bulbous bow hull design. Just as with the bow of a ship, the traditional surfboard fin creates a
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The 2+1 longboard is the most versatile board of the longboard family, offering greater maneuverability. Sometimes referred as a "single-fin with training wheels", the 2+1's fins actually takes the features of the classic longboard and the Tri-fin. The fins of the 2+1 take the rigid stability of a
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The modern longboard has undergone many changes since its earlier models in the past. Today's longboard is much lighter than its predecessors. Its polyurethane foam and fiberglass design allows less drag on waves. Today's longboards are typically 240 to 300 cm (8 to 10 ft) long, although
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The tri-fin's design attempts to incorporate the glide of a longboard and the performance of a shortboard into a single layout. The additional fins ensure that even what riding down the line, two, or at least one, vertical control surface is in black water (not unstable foam) allows riders better
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Fins with a camber have an asymmetrical profile. In windsurfing camber is used to increase the lift to drag ratio of the fin and to minimise cavitation and the risk of spin-out. In particular windsurfers trying to improve speed records use camber fins, as the maximum performance is required on one
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to hold the fins in place. These systems provided surfers with the ability to alter the riding characteristics of a surfboard, by changing the size and shape of fins used. This innovation opened the market to a range of fin designs, including single foiled fins, concave inside surfaces, and curved
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A mid length surfboard is generally 177cm to 200cm (7' to 8') in length with a slightly more performance-focused shape than the similar-sized normal board. Narrow outline & thruster-fin set-up make it a close companion in size and performance to a round-outline single-fin mini mal. Mid length
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The construction is referred to as a sandwich as it consists of the top skin, fiberglass or other composite cloth, the EPS core, fiberglass or other composite cloth, and the bottom skin, the cross section of which appears as a sandwich with the different layers. Firewire
Surfboards pioneered this
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and it remains a popular choice. They are made stronger with one or more stringers going down the middle of the board. The foam is molded into a "blank", in the rough shape of a surfboard. Once the blanks have been made they are given to shapers. Shapers then cut, plane, and sand the board to its
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is that between the tail and the middle/ flattest portion. An increase in flip helps keep the board from "pearling"; larger boards often require a greater flip. A larger kick adds maneuverability and lift to the tail at speed and provides tail sensitivity in critical turns. More relaxed rockers
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The shape of the tail affects how a board responds. Tail shapes vary from square, pin, squash, swallow, diamond, and so on—each one in turn having its own family of smaller variants. A pin tail causes the board to move faster in the water, whereas the hip tail is created to help balance more than
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A "Quad" four fins, typically arranged as two pairs of thrusters in wing formation, which are quick down the line but tend to lose energy through turns. The energy is lost as the board goes up the wave because the fins are now vectoring energy from the oncoming water toward the back of the board,
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Modern hybrid boards are usually 180 to 260 cm (6 to 8.5 ft) in length with a more rounded profile and tail shape. Hybrid boards are usually used in smaller waves and can have any fin set up. They are more about having fun than high performance or tricks. They can be easier to ride for
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Since the late 1960s when Gordon Clark found the optimum formulation of urethane foam, many of the surfboards in common use have been of the shortboard variety between 180 and 210 cm (6 and 7 ft) in length with a pointed nose and a rounded or squarish tail, typically with three "skegs"
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has a lower weight, but is not as strong as the more traditional PU foam. The PS foam core is therefore enclosed with a layer of epoxy to increase strength. Within polystyrene, mainly two types are used in surfboard construction; EPS and XPS. The reason epoxy resin is used exclusively instead of
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Traditionally board lengths have been sized according to the height of the surfer, meaning in general that longer boards would be recommended for taller surfers. Standard dimensions for board size has for long been the board's length, width and thickness. More recently however, the weight of the
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In the 1960s, the introduction of the shortboard, averaging 200 cm (6 ft 6 in), allowed surfers to make tighter turns, quicker maneuvers, and achieve faster speeds, thus radically changing the way people surfed. This "shortboard revolution" nearly made longboards obsolete for all
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Although foam boards are usually shaped by hand, the use of machines to shape them has become increasingly popular. Vacuum forming and modern sandwich construction techniques borrowed from other industries have also become common. Many surfers have switched to riding sandwich-construction epoxy
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The board's rails and deck may also be referred to as having rocker. A board with a v-shaped tail, for example, has had the lower/ outer portion of its rear rails reduced, increasing its tail rail rocker. Having a flat, even deck rocker will increase a board's flexibility, while a convex deck
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rails have less volume, making the board easier to "sink" and "lean on edge". While riding down the line, one rail is always in the water while the other is suspended freely in the air. Turns are largely a matter of transitioning from rail to tail and over to the contralateral (opposing) rail.
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is a surfboard designed by the
Campbell Brothers that can have three or five fins and is punctuated with a large center fin and 2-4 smaller side fins(side bites). This, combined with deep double concave channels creates a distinctive board. The manufacturer has shown that these channels create
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Some older and more traditional surfboards along with many modern boards that take inspiration from these older boards utilize a convex rather than concave design on the bottom of the surfboard. These boards displace more water and sit lower in the wave than a surfboard with a concave bottom.
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is a stabilizing rudder fixed to the rear of the surfboard to prevent it from sliding sideways. In the early days, surfers would stabilize the board by hanging the toes of their back foot over the edge of the board and would steer by putting their foot in the water. The
American surfer
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The surface of the board that rests on the water is usually flat or concave but sometimes convex. The bottom can also feature channels, chines, steps and other planing features shaped into the board in order to maximize, direct or alter water flow across the board's bottom surface.
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wood. The length of the boards still remained the same at an average of 320 cm (10.5 ft), and had then become widely produced. It was not until the late 1950s and early 1960s when the surfboard design had closely evolved into today's modern longboard. The introduction of
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The mini tanker is basically a shortened longboard shape that utilizes the same longboard design elements and enhanced maneuverability due to the shorter shape. These boards are normally ridden by those wanting the feel of a longboard with the increased agility of a short board .
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Delamination is a problem where the skin of the board (i.e. fiberglass) separates from the foam core. All surfboards made of foam and resin can face the problem of delamination. A common reason for delamination is excessive heat. Delamination often first appears around dents.
1058: in) thick, and can be as short as 180 cm (6 ft). Common woods used in current construction are paulownia, cedar, and other woods suitable for salty ocean waters. The tails come in different styles. The boards are notoriously difficult to ride.
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or oil (as a sustainable alternative to epoxy), and are a reversion to using wood after the foam became dominant in the 1950s. Hollow wooden surfboards specifically have no foam in their construction. (Boards made with foam and wood are commonly known as
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In board design, the "stringer" is a board's central plane of reflection, down the middle of its deck and its keel. In construction, the stringer can have no special parts, or can embed a stiff, thin, vertical slat, usually of wood but sometimes of
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The chambering method follows a system in which planks of paulownia wood are selected and the rocker of the board is cut into each. The planks are then chambered to reduce weight, and then bonded together to form a hollow or "chambered" blank.
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The parallel profile system was developed from cold molded (double diagonal) boat building, and uses at least four layers of material laminated over a male mold into a curved blank, including enough wood for rails, which are then shaped.
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had the idea for a new, equal size, version of the existing three fin prototypes which was later dubbed the "thruster". He created a prototype and 30 years later his "thruster" design is still the most popular fin design for surfboards.
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Gault-Williams, Malcolm (2003) “Woody 'Spider' Brown” Legendary Surfers: A Definitive History of Surfing's Culture and Heroes, Volume 1, Chapter 24 (Originally: “Woody Brown: Pilot, Surfer, Sailor,” The Surfer's Journal, V:3, Fall
826:. Note, any type of board (such as shortboard or mini-longboard) can have a fish tail, and these are commonly referred to as a "fish", but they lack the other properties of a traditional, or "retro" fish as described here.
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Traction pads for the middle section of the deck, known as the "Mid Traction Pads" are mainly used on performance shortboards for increased grip. Unlike a tail pad - mid-deck traction pads need wax for added grip.
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were invented in the 1960s by Richard Deese, and were found on longboards by multiple manufacturers of that era, including Dewey Weber. Bob Bolen, A.K.A. 'the Greek', patented the "Turbo Tunnel" in the late 1990s.
856:. These have a thin, almost needle-like profile with single, quad, or thruster fin set up. It has the appearance of a shortboard but at a longboard size. Guns are often used at big wave locations such as
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is applied to this surface. Wax comes in different degrees of hardness allowing its application in differing water temperatures. The ideal choice of wax hardness is determined by the water temperature.
818:, Larry Mabile and Steve Brom. Primarily a twin fin set up with a swallow tail shape and popular in smaller waves, the fish enjoyed a resurgence in popularity in the early 2000s after legendary surfer
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is the surface of the board that the surfer stands on. Contours such as concaves (similar to the deck of a skateboard) or rail channels (to add structural rigidity) can also be shaped into the deck.
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cloth and resin. It is during this stage that the fins or boxes for removable fins are attached and the leash plug installed. Another method of making boards is using epoxy resin and prolapse
57:. Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean wave. They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as
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surfboards excel good in both small and weak & large mushy waves by light and heavy surfers. A mid length is one of the most versatile 'all-around' boards for fun and performance.
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I was in San Diego and he was in L.A., way up there.". This innovation revolutionized surfing, allowing surfers to direct the board's momentum and providing more balance when turning.
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Balsa wood boards are lighter, more buoyant and easier to handle than other boards. These boards have some disadvantages, however: they are not as sturdy as solid redwood boards.
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composites, as well as experimentation in biodegradable and ecologically friendly resins made from organic sources. Each year, approximately 400,000 surfboards are manufactured.
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Winged fins are another type of surfboard fin, the genesis of which was America's Cup sailboat design. The Starfin was designed in the 1980s by the America's Cup yacht designer,
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became the technological leap in design. In the 1960s, the longboard continued to remain popular as its material changed from balsa wood to fiberglass and polyurethane foam.
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A traditional finless wooden surfboard, typically ridden by ancient native Hawaiians, not of royal descent. The surfboard typically runs 520 cm (17 ft) 90 kg.
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Originally reserved for Hawaiian royalty due to its size and weight, these wooden boards can exceed lengths of 730 cm (24 ft) and reach weights up to 90 kg.
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down-wind course direction. As the camber is fixed to one side, performance when sailing in one direction is improved but performance in the other way is deteriorated.
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In the early 90s removable fin systems were developed and embraced. This provides a standardized system that allows fins to be easily removed or replaced, utilizing
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county), the beach was so popular amongst the early surfers that it lent its name to the type of longboard, the Malibu Surfboard. In the 1920s boards made of
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was the first to experiment with adding a fin to a surfboard, fastening the keel from an old speedboat to a surfboard in 1935. About one or two years later,
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Usually a short stubby board under 180 cm (6 ft) in length developed from kneeboards in 1967 by Steve Lis. Other prominent fish shapers include
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shapes work very well as surfboard fins and several manufacturers make fins with this more upright stance, as it increases drive and maneuverability.
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Diagram of a surfboard including the nose, the tail, the deck, the rails, the stringer, the bottom, the nose rocker, the tail rocker, and the leg rope
100:. The result is a light and strong surfboard that is buoyant and maneuverable. Recent developments in surfboard technology have included the use of
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69:. They were often over 460 cm (15 ft) in length and extremely heavy. Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more
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as a rear stabilization fin. Dubbed a "guitar pick" the nubster was designed to be used as a fifth fin. The Nubster helped professional surfer
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By the early 20th century, only a handful of people surfed, mostly at Waikiki. But there, it started to grow again. Beginning in 1912,
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The front tip of the board. This can be pointed or rounded and can be made with a steep incline ("rocker", see below) or a gentle one.
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The longboard is primarily a single-finned surfboard with large rounded nose and length of 270 to 370 cm (9 to 12 ft).
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To achieve positive buoyancy and a stiff deck, shapers have always reached for a foam, often hardened with a tensile skin, using
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beginning surfers and generally perform well in surfing conditions where the more traditional long and short boards might not.
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Since the mid 1990s, half tunnel fins have mainly been used on very long hollow wooden surfboards mainly surfed by Roy Stuart.
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Lynch, Gary (2001) Tom Blake : The Uncommon Journey Of A Pioneer Waterman. Croul Family Foundation, Corona del Mar, Cal.
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boards which have become especially popular with beginner surfers as they provide a durable, inexpensive, entry-level board.
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strap attached to the surfer's trailing foot, and the opposite has a velcro strap attached to the tail end of the surfboard.
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surfer has also started to be taken into account, meaning in general that a heavier surfer would be recommended a board with
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Why Do SUPs have Air Vents? Difference between Hassle Free Air Vents & Screw Type Air Vents on Stand Up Paddle Boards
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fins. Another variation of fin was later designed in the time frame known as the soul fin, a sleek bendable attachment.
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Fins with self-adjusting camber offer the improved qualities in both port side and starboard side sailing directions.
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in the 1960s. The single fin changed little until the late 70s, when a second was added and popularised by Australian
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help the board to handle better on flatter sections of water, while heavy rockers increase the board's overall
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skeleton is then sheathed with 5mm-thick wood strips, creating a fast hollow board with good flex properties.
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for the America's Cup boat, Australia II. The small thruster-sized fin, the RedTip 3D is manufactured by FCS.
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foam, instead of polyester resin and polyurethane foam. In recent years, surfboards made out of
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2274:
2269:
2148:
2091:
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640:
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Modern surfboards are usually made of foam using one of the following construction materials:
1230:
656:
and a polystyrene core are becoming more popular. Even solid balsa surfboards are available.
3420:
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3257:
2969:
2914:
2703:
2502:
2384:
2257:
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522:
rocker creates a board that is thicker along the board's stringer and stiffer in the water.
497:
is the curve between the front tip and the middle or flattest portion of the board, and the
400:
that attaches a surfboard to the surfer. It prevents the surfboard from being swept away by
247:
1206:
668:
3765:
3520:
3378:
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2133:
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2006:
1719:
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933:
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Fiberglass is the most common skin regardless of foam type. Other skin materials used are
562:
379:
321:
314:
3744:
3739:
1658:
116:
Choice of surf board type and size can be complex. Depending, amongst other things, on:
3151:
3029:
2800:
2788:
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2759:
2623:
2584:
2461:
2421:
2248:
2178:
2163:
2128:
2086:
2041:
1991:
1829:
1778:
1344:"Wavegrinder Surfboard Fins - Science Applied to the Art of Surfing and Surfboard Fins"
1103:
1075:
922:
786:
725:
515:
255:
243:
1741:
1158:
88:
foam. Unlike soft top surfboards, hard top surfboards are also covered with layers of
3780:
3435:
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3197:
3192:
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2776:
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173:
Modern surfboards often contain multiple contours on the bottom of the board, termed
880:
132:
3734:
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2999:
2989:
2979:
2533:
2466:
2426:
2405:
2316:
2306:
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2193:
2153:
2026:
1690:"Apocalypse to epoxy, from Clark Foam to the New Standards of Surfboard Production"
1675:
1485:
1113:
1108:
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967:
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which guides the water off of the surface of the board through a narrowed passage.
613:
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409:
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101:
81:
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2311:
2143:
953:
872:
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599:
584:
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289:
254:. In October 1980, after seeing a twin fin surfboard with a "trigger point" fin
97:
85:
37:
1854:
384:
156:
3716:
3706:
3455:
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2218:
2123:
2021:
1671:
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1093:
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Big wave boards of length 210 to 370 cm (7 to 12 ft) are considered
819:
645:
593:
285:
270:
89:
66:
1368:
936:, a Hawaiian Olympic swimmer in the early 1900s, brought surfing to mainland
3696:
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2374:
2237:
1098:
1026:
941:
906:
902:
815:
706:
624:
507:
263:
93:
1626:
Surfboard blanks types of EPS PU and XPS cores and blank – Sanded Australia
1937:
1048:
However modern day Alaias can be much thinner. Many are a mere 2 cm (
17:
3686:
3633:
3202:
2850:
2818:
2574:
2328:
2321:
2203:
2198:
2168:
2011:
823:
426:
393:
296:
1636:
1529:"Engineers Discover Why Toucan Beaks Are Models of Lightweight Strength"
340:
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2937:
2875:
2795:
2783:
2379:
2369:
2262:
2213:
2076:
2061:
1996:
996:
classic longboard, and fuses with the strength and drive of a Tri-fin.
957:
905:
are a class of longboards that enable the rider to walk to the tip and
718:
644:
specifications. Finally, the board is covered in one or more layers of
405:
199:
54:
42:
1074:
is an oversized longboard with enough buoyancy to support two people,
570:. PU is still the most used material in surf board construction today.
444:
429:
as the surgical tubing used in the early designs allowed the leash to
143:
2683:
2656:
2650:
2628:
2523:
1285:
The Australian Surfer's Journal Volume 2 No 2 Autumn 1999 pages 82-84
759:
technology for the mass-produced surfboard market beginning in 2006.
714:
710:
620:
609:
544:
416:
105:
295:
Fins with winglets—tiny wings—were invented in 2005. The purpose of
320:
In 2004 Frank Fish introduced the world to Whale Bumps with their
2618:
2613:
1040:
962:
892:
879:
871:
800:
724:
The current construction methods descend from the 1930s Tom Blake
693:
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443:
383:
339:
216:
155:
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2436:
617:
412:
397:
70:
62:
2910:
1941:
2828:
160:
A chart showing various shapes of the bottoms of surf boards.
1553:
A Surfboard's Big Summertime Enemy - Surfboard Delamination!
404:
and stops runaway surfboards from hitting other surfers and
1780:
The Surfin'ary: A Dictionary of Surfing Terms and Surfspeak
2906:
221:
A man standing on a board as the wave passes under him.
1333:
LONGBOARD Magazine Vol 4 No 5. 1996 November/December
1393:"Wind turbines inspired by Whales - Naked Scientists"
1294:
Surfing Magazine May 1979 Volume 15 Number 5, page 9
639:
Surfboards have traditionally been constructed using
1818:
Legendary Surfers Volume 1 by Malcolm Gualt-Williams
1578:
The Surfers Corner - PU or Epoxy: Which one is best?
1066:
The first stand up surfboard ridden in Australia by
77:, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.
3758:
3725:
3677:
3579:
3401:
3343:
3233:
3226:
3180:
3139:
3058:
2962:
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2811:
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2712:
2696:
2666:
2643:
2606:
2597:
2547:
2516:
2495:
2414:
2398:
2362:
2299:
2283:
2247:
1984:
1975:
1661:"Cores: Epoxy can be used on PU, EPS and XPS cores"
785:versatile and controlled characteristics using the
328:, 3d printed, whale bumped surfboard fins in 2013.
73:(skegs) on the bottom rear of the board to improve
61:in the Hawaiian language, and were usually made of
1777:
1302:
1300:
3441:Duke Kahanamoku Invitational Surfing Championship
1567:Surfboard Foam: Polyurethane or Polystyrene Core?
1440:
1438:
1436:
126:Body dimensions of the surfer (height and weight)
1806:"Transitioning From a Longboard to a Shortboard"
1670:Recently, the largest producer of these blanks,
1562:
1560:
370:win contests in New York and Portugal in 2011.
692:Hollow wooden surfboards are made of wood and
2922:
1953:
1183:"Bio Surfboard Resin vs Poly Surfboard Resin"
388:The leash attaches a surfboard to the surfer.
8:
1928:"The Cardiff Kook - America's First Surfers"
3531:Smirnoff World Pro-Am Surfing Championships
1765:The Best Beginner Surfboard is the FunBoard
27:Platform board used in the sport of surfing
3230:
2929:
2915:
2907:
2886:Bicycle- and human-powered vehicle museums
2749:
2603:
1981:
1960:
1946:
1938:
1506:Prolite International (January 12, 2014).
448:Chart of various types of surf board tails
1369:"STARFIN (also known as the winged keel)"
467:applied to the tail area of a surfboard.
1220:Boardcave Australia | The Surfers Corner
142:
36:
3609:National Scholastic Surfing Association
1126:
1231:Volume To Weight Ratios | Surf Simply
876:A 335 cm (11 ft) longboard.
681:when fiberglass skins were invented.
7:
1207:"The Best Soft Top Foam Surfboards"
518:and have a smaller turning radius.
3589:International Professional Surfers
631:be constructed using epoxy resin.
425:lost his left eye in a surf leash
25:
3594:International Surfing Association
1418:Morton, Jamie (26 January 2014).
961:changed from using solid wood to
313:used by Spitfire aeroplanes. The
3446:East Coast Surfing Championships
1830:"The Evolution of the Surfboard"
1307:Koteen, Casey (10 August 2010).
822:rode one during an ASP event at
415:where one end has a band with a
120:Skill, fitness and surfing style
1659:Resin Basics – Sanded Australia
1591:"Surf Science | Know Your Foam"
1471:"Korduroy Television - Nubster"
1429:– via www.nzherald.co.nz.
1309:"Simon Anderson Talks Thruster"
750:Composite Sandwich Construction
362:Created by professional surfer
309:Spitfire fins are based on the
1648:Skin Basics – Sanded Australia
80:Modern surfboards are made of
1:
3411:Australian Boardriders Battle
1855:"Longboards - Surfing A to Z"
3604:International Surfing Museum
3496:Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic
3486:O'Neill World Cup of Surfing
1637:EPOXY 101 - Epoxy Surfboards
1484:Marcus, Ben (October 2000).
408:. Modern leashes comprise a
3614:New York Surf Film Festival
3481:O'Neill Sebastian Inlet Pro
3466:Lion Foundation Surf League
1420:"Designer on board with 3D"
547:beak engineering concepts.
242:The template of the modern
3803:
3426:Billabong Pipeline Masters
3416:Australian Open of Surfing
1397:www.thenakedscientists.com
1159:"History of the surfboard"
1038:
1024:
767:Board types and variations
377:
344:Nubster Fin Seen In Middle
210:
65:from local trees, such as
53:is a narrow plank used in
45:during a surf competition.
32:Surfboard (disambiguation)
29:
3619:Santa Cruz Surfing Museum
3599:International Surfing Day
3506:Quiksilver Pro Gold Coast
3476:Noosa Festival of Surfing
3471:MEO Rip Curl Pro Portugal
2944:
741:CUSH - skinned surfboards
721:, and, of course, balsa.
3664:Welsh Surfing Federation
3654:The Moonshine Conspiracy
3511:Red Bull Big Wave Africa
2871:Animal-powered transport
1139:Bernice P. Bishop Museum
635:Polyurethane (PU) boards
123:Expected wave conditions
3659:Uruguayan Surfing Union
3556:Triple Crown of Surfing
2746:Non-vehicular transport
1969:Human-powered transport
288:, who had designed the
3629:Surfers Against Sewage
3526:Shark Island Challenge
3431:Billabong Pro Teahupoo
3020:Standup paddleboarding
2896:Zero-emissions vehicle
1776:Trevor Cralle (2001).
898:
890:
877:
806:
673:
449:
389:
345:
332:Thrusters and Tri-fins
222:
161:
148:
46:
3624:SurfAid International
3501:Quiksilver Pro France
1908:National Public Radio
896:
883:
875:
860:, Jaws (Hawaii), and
804:
671:
447:
392:A surfboard leash or
387:
343:
220:
159:
146:
75:directional stability
41:A stack of boards in
40:
3649:Surfing South Africa
3639:Surfrider Foundation
1694:westcoastsurfmag.com
1676:Surfline.com closure
1244:"Displacement Hulls"
1135:"Ethnology database"
948:beach lifestyle. In
688:Hollow wooden boards
600:Extruded polystyrene
585:Expanded polystyrene
236:Woody "Spider" Brown
30:For other uses, see
3750:Surfer's myelopathy
3566:World Surfing Games
3461:Ku Ikaika Challenge
2834:Alpine touring skis
2644:Hand and foot power
2234:Cold-weather biking
2174:Small-wheel bicycle
2082:Glossary of cycling
2047:Cyclo-cross bicycle
2032:Cold-weather biking
1784:. Ten Speed Press.
1488:. Surfline/Wavetrak
1315:on 31 December 2010
889:and longboard, 1920
510:but also give true
3561:US Open of Surfing
3157:Ocean surface wave
2839:Cross-country skis
2503:Litter/sedan chair
2067:Flat bar road bike
1884:surfboardshack.com
1880:"Surfboard Design"
1742:"Surfboard Design"
1713:John Wythe White.
1399:. 21 February 2010
1373:cheynehoran.com.au
1163:clubofthewaves.com
1015:Malibu, California
913:Classic longboards
899:
891:
878:
807:
678:Ochroma pyramidale
674:
450:
390:
346:
311:wing configuration
223:
162:
149:
47:
3787:Surfing equipment
3774:
3773:
3692:Fictional surfers
3669:World Surf League
3644:Surfing Australia
3571:World Surf League
3397:
3396:
2904:
2903:
2859:
2858:
2692:
2691:
2593:
2592:
2275:Motorized scooter
2270:Motorized bicycle
2149:Recumbent bicycle
2092:Motorized bicycle
1930:. thecardiffkook.
982:Modern longboards
923:ancient Hawaiians
641:polyurethane foam
246:was developed by
16:(Redirected from
3794:
3421:Beachley Classic
3374:Puerto Escondido
3231:
3010:Shoulder surfing
2931:
2924:
2917:
2908:
2750:
2704:Amphibious cycle
2659:(sliding rigger)
2604:
2385:Invalid carriage
2300:Other foot power
2258:Electric bicycle
1982:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1939:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1853:Dave Parmenter.
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1783:
1773:
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1737:
1731:
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1700:
1685:
1679:
1668:
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1656:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1593:. Archived from
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1564:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1531:. Archived from
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1450:www.surfline.com
1442:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1311:. Archived from
1304:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
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1203:
1197:
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1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1131:
1057:
1056:
1052:
897:Balsa Longboard.
763:soft cush skin.
354:bleeding speed.
248:George Greenough
21:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3766:Surf lifesaving
3754:
3721:
3712:Surfwear brands
3673:
3575:
3521:Roxy Pro France
3393:
3379:Shipstern Bluff
3351:Banzai Pipeline
3339:
3222:
3218:Surfboard leash
3176:
3135:
3054:
3050:Women's surfing
2958:
2940:
2935:
2905:
2900:
2855:
2807:
2741:
2708:
2688:
2662:
2639:
2589:
2580:Summer toboggan
2543:
2517:Weight shifting
2512:
2508:Scoop stretcher
2491:
2452:Pulled rickshaw
2442:Flatbed trolley
2410:
2394:
2358:
2295:
2291:Treadle bicycle
2279:
2243:
2209:Utility bicycle
2184:Touring bicycle
2134:Porteur bicycle
2102:Mountain biking
2072:Folding bicycle
2037:Cruiser bicycle
2007:Bicycle trailer
1971:
1966:
1936:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1910:
1904:"The Surfboard"
1902:
1901:
1897:
1888:
1886:
1878:Kent Senatore.
1877:
1876:
1872:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1838:
1836:
1827:
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1799:
1792:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1759:
1750:
1748:
1746:surfscience.com
1739:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1723:
1720:Honolulu Weekly
1712:
1711:
1707:
1698:
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1565:
1558:
1551:
1547:
1538:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1508:"Traction Pads"
1505:
1504:
1500:
1491:
1489:
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1478:
1469:
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1366:
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1352:
1350:
1348:wavegrinder.com
1342:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1293:
1289:
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1270:
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1250:
1248:surfscience.com
1241:
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1214:
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1200:
1191:
1189:
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1180:
1176:
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1157:
1156:
1152:
1143:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1084:
1068:Duke Kahanamoku
1064:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1029:
1023:
1011:
1002:
993:
984:
934:Duke Kahanamoku
915:
886:Duke Kahanamoku
870:
850:
841:
832:
812:
795:
774:
769:
752:
743:
690:
666:
637:
576:(PS foam) with
563:polyester resin
561:(PU foam) with
541:
528:
486:
477:
464:
455:
439:
382:
380:Surfboard leash
376:
360:
351:
334:
322:Tubercle effect
315:elliptical wing
215:
209:
192:
183:
171:
154:
141:
114:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3798:
3790:
3789:
3779:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3759:Related topics
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3323:United Kingdom
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3184:
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3174:
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3159:
3154:
3152:Hawaiian scale
3149:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
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2865:
2864:Related topics
2861:
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2853:
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2841:
2836:
2826:
2821:
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2809:
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2806:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2801:Stair climbing
2793:
2792:
2791:
2789:Stair climbing
2781:
2780:
2779:
2772:Roller skating
2769:
2768:
2767:
2760:Inline skating
2756:
2754:
2747:
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2740:
2739:
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2654:
2653:(sliding seat)
2647:
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2624:Paddleboarding
2621:
2616:
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2590:
2588:
2587:
2585:Gravity biking
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2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2462:Shopping caddy
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
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2424:
2422:Baby transport
2418:
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2412:
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2249:Electric motor
2245:
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2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2179:Tandem bicycle
2176:
2171:
2166:
2164:Safety bicycle
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2129:Penny-farthing
2126:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2094:
2089:
2087:Hybrid bicycle
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2042:Cycle rickshaw
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1994:
1988:
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1973:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1919:
1895:
1870:
1845:
1834:blackmagic.com
1828:Sonnen Sloan.
1820:
1811:
1797:
1790:
1768:
1757:
1732:
1705:
1688:Ben Perreira.
1680:
1674:announced its
1663:
1651:
1640:
1629:
1618:
1607:
1582:
1570:
1556:
1545:
1520:
1498:
1486:"Surf Leashes"
1476:
1473:. korduroy.tv.
1462:
1446:"Surfline.com"
1432:
1410:
1384:
1367:Cheyne Horan.
1359:
1335:
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1234:
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1111:
1106:
1104:Surfboard lock
1101:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1076:tandem surfing
1063:
1060:
1039:Main article:
1036:
1033:
1025:Main article:
1022:
1019:
1010:
1007:
1001:
998:
992:
989:
983:
980:
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911:
869:
866:
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840:
837:
831:
828:
811:
808:
794:
791:
787:venturi effect
773:
770:
768:
765:
751:
748:
742:
739:
726:paddleboarding
689:
686:
672:Balsa MiniMal.
665:
662:
636:
633:
606:
605:
604:
603:
597:
571:
540:
537:
527:
524:
514:when reaching
485:
482:
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473:
463:
460:
454:
451:
438:
435:
378:Main article:
375:
372:
359:
356:
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347:
333:
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256:Simon Anderson
211:Main article:
208:
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191:
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167:
153:
150:
140:
137:
128:
127:
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59:papa he'e nalu
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3799:
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3581:Organizations
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3439:
3437:
3436:Copa Movistar
3434:
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3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
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3408:
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3336:
3335:United States
3333:
3329:
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3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
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3189:
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3168:
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3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3126:South African
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
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3067:
3064:
3063:
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3057:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3025:Surf kayaking
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:River surfing
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2975:Bellyboarding
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2943:
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2881:
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2868:
2866:
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2852:
2849:
2845:
2844:Telemark skis
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
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2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:Gravity racer
2553:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
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2515:
2509:
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2500:
2498:
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2485:
2483:
2480:
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2475:
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2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2457:Shopping cart
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:Pushed/pulled
2413:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2391:
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2383:
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2305:
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2302:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:Treadle power
2282:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2261:
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2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2239:
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2227:
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2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:Track bicycle
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2139:Prone bicycle
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2097:Mountain bike
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2052:Downhill bike
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1980:
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1970:
1963:
1958:
1956:
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1949:
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1909:
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1835:
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1824:
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1815:
1812:
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1801:
1798:
1793:
1791:1-58008-193-2
1787:
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1619:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1597:on 2019-05-13
1596:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1535:on 2019-11-14
1534:
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1097:
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1072:Isabel Letham
1069:
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964:
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938:United States
935:
930:
928:
927:Hoe he'e nalu
924:
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912:
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908:
904:
895:
888:
887:
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749:
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727:
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712:
708:
704:
703:veneer boards
700:
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552:
548:
546:
538:
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523:
519:
517:
516:planing speed
513:
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492:
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468:
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386:
381:
373:
371:
369:
365:
364:Sean Mattison
357:
355:
348:
342:
338:
331:
329:
327:
326:polycarbonate
323:
318:
316:
312:
307:
304:
300:
298:
293:
291:
287:
282:
278:
275:
272:
268:
265:
260:
257:
253:
252:Mark Richards
249:
245:
244:surfboard fin
240:
237:
233:
228:
227:surfboard fin
219:
214:
213:Surfboard fin
206:
204:
201:
197:
189:
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176:
168:
166:
158:
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145:
138:
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91:
87:
83:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
44:
39:
33:
19:
3745:Surfer's ear
3740:Surfer's eye
3735:Shark attack
3516:Rip Curl Pro
3451:Hawaiian Pro
3403:Competitions
3303:South Africa
3187:
3045:Wing foiling
3015:Skimboarding
3000:Lake surfing
2995:Kneeboarding
2990:Kiteboarding
2980:Bodyboarding
2812:Snow and ice
2631:(fixed seat)
2534:Caster board
2467:Stairclimber
2427:Baggage cart
2406:Rowing cycle
2317:Kick scooter
2307:Balance bike
2229:Wheelie bike
2194:Trailer bike
2154:Road bicycle
2027:City bicycle
1922:
1911:. Retrieved
1898:
1887:. Retrieved
1883:
1873:
1862:. Retrieved
1859:surfline.com
1858:
1848:
1837:. Retrieved
1833:
1823:
1814:
1800:
1779:
1771:
1760:
1749:. Retrieved
1745:
1735:
1724:. Retrieved
1718:
1708:
1697:. Retrieved
1693:
1683:
1666:
1654:
1643:
1632:
1621:
1610:
1599:. Retrieved
1595:the original
1585:
1573:
1548:
1537:. Retrieved
1533:the original
1523:
1513:February 16,
1511:. Retrieved
1501:
1490:. Retrieved
1479:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1449:
1423:. Retrieved
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1396:
1387:
1376:. Retrieved
1372:
1362:
1351:. Retrieved
1347:
1338:
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1313:the original
1290:
1281:
1271:
1262:
1251:. Retrieved
1247:
1237:
1226:
1215:
1201:
1190:. Retrieved
1186:
1177:
1166:. Retrieved
1162:
1153:
1142:. Retrieved
1129:
1114:Wind surfing
1109:Surf culture
1089:Longboarding
1065:
1047:
1044:
1030:
1013:Named after
1012:
1003:
994:
985:
976:
968:polyurethane
931:
916:
900:
884:
853:
851:
842:
833:
813:
796:
781:
779:
775:
761:
757:
753:
744:
735:
731:
723:
702:
698:
691:
683:
675:
664:Balsa boards
658:
638:
629:
614:carbon fiber
607:
590:permeability
559:Polyurethane
553:
549:
542:
539:Construction
533:carbon fiber
529:
520:
502:
498:
494:
490:
487:
478:
469:
465:
462:Traction Pad
456:
440:
423:Jack O'Neill
421:
391:
368:Kelly Slater
361:
352:
335:
319:
308:
305:
301:
294:
283:
279:
276:
269:
261:
241:
224:
195:
193:
184:
174:
172:
163:
129:
115:
102:carbon fiber
82:polyurethane
79:
58:
50:
48:
3364:La Libertad
3293:New Zealand
3213:Boardshorts
3140:Environment
3111:New Zealand
3040:Windsurfing
3035:Tube riding
2949:Terminology
2891:Human power
2737:Ornithopter
2565:Street luge
2482:Wheelbarrow
2312:Dandy horse
2144:Quadracycle
2117:Singletrack
1985:Pedal power
1740:John Dang.
1715:"Surf Wars"
1319:28 February
1242:John Dang.
1000:Mini Tanker
954:Los Angeles
805:Balsa Fish.
650:polystyrene
578:epoxy resin
574:Polystyrene
568:epoxy resin
499:tail rocker
491:nose rocker
431:overstretch
290:winged keel
271:Tunnel fins
133:more volume
98:epoxy resin
86:polystyrene
3717:Shaka sign
3456:J-Bay Open
3235:By country
3167:Tidal bore
3162:Surf break
3121:Portuguese
3076:Australian
2985:Flowriding
2824:Ice skates
2753:Foot power
2732:Helicopter
2697:Amphibious
2674:Hydrocycle
2667:Foot power
2607:Hand power
2560:Billy cart
2539:Snakeboard
2529:Pogo stick
2447:Hand truck
2432:Bath chair
2399:Row action
2390:Wheelchair
2363:Hand power
2354:Skateboard
2344:Freeskates
2334:Brakeboard
2224:Velomobile
2219:Velocipede
2124:Party bike
2022:Cargo bike
2017:Boneshaker
1913:2008-11-08
1889:2009-05-17
1864:2008-11-05
1839:2008-11-04
1751:2010-03-10
1726:2008-11-08
1699:2008-11-04
1672:Clark Foam
1601:2019-04-27
1539:2020-03-19
1492:2007-01-11
1378:2008-11-08
1353:2008-11-04
1253:2010-02-13
1192:2018-01-18
1187:Wave Tribe
1168:2008-11-04
1144:2008-11-10
1121:References
1094:Skateboard
1009:The Malibu
972:fiberglass
946:California
903:Noseriders
858:Waimea Bay
830:Mid length
820:Tom Curren
772:Shortboard
646:fiberglass
594:outgassing
286:Ben Lexcen
264:set screws
90:fiberglass
18:Surf board
3551:The Eddie
3541:Surfabout
3384:Teahupoʻo
3369:Mavericks
3308:Sri Lanka
3273:Indonesia
3243:Australia
3227:Locations
3208:Foilboard
3188:Surfboard
3181:Equipment
3172:Wave pool
3131:Uruguayan
3106:Maldivian
3081:Brazilian
3071:Argentine
2851:Snowshoes
2679:Hydrofoil
2570:Snowboard
2477:Toy wagon
2472:Stretcher
2375:Handcycle
2349:Longboard
2339:Freeboard
2238:ice cycle
1099:Snowboard
1027:Olo board
970:foam and
942:Australia
907:nose ride
868:Longboard
862:Mavericks
816:Skip Frye
707:paulownia
699:compsands
508:form drag
232:Tom Blake
94:polyester
51:surfboard
3781:Category
3634:Surfline
3536:Stubbies
3491:Olympics
3328:Scotland
3203:Wax comb
3147:Closeout
3116:Peruvian
3091:Filipino
3066:American
2970:Big wave
2819:Crampons
2720:Aircraft
2575:Toboggan
2329:Kicksled
2322:Kickbike
2204:Unicycle
2199:Tricycle
2169:Sociable
2159:Roadster
2112:Downhill
2012:BMX bike
1455:17 March
1425:17 March
1403:17 March
1082:See also
839:Funboard
824:Hossegor
526:Stringer
427:accident
410:urethane
406:swimmers
394:leg rope
297:winglets
175:concaves
3727:Hazards
3679:Culture
3546:Surfest
3389:Uluwatu
3355:Cyclops
3288:Morocco
3283:Madeira
3278:Ireland
3263:Ecuador
3086:British
3059:Surfers
2954:History
2938:Surfing
2880:outline
2876:Cycling
2796:Walking
2784:Running
2548:Gravity
2496:Carried
2380:Hobcart
2370:Handcar
2263:Pedelec
2214:Velocar
2077:Go-kart
2062:Fatbike
2001:outline
1997:Bicycle
1053:⁄
991:The 2+1
958:plywood
719:redwood
625:innegra
458:speed.
396:is the
358:Nubster
200:Surfwax
169:Concave
92:cloth,
55:surfing
43:Waikiki
3318:Turkey
3313:Taiwan
3253:Canada
3248:Brazil
3096:French
3030:Tow-in
2777:skates
2765:skates
2684:Pedalo
2657:Rowing
2651:Rowing
2629:Rowing
2524:Trikke
2251:assist
2057:Enduro
1788:
1276:1996.)
1062:Tandem
950:Malibu
793:Hybrid
782:Bonzer
715:spruce
621:kevlar
610:bamboo
545:toucan
484:Rocker
417:velcro
181:Convex
152:Bottom
112:Sizing
106:kevlar
3707:Music
3697:Films
3344:Sites
3268:India
3258:Chile
3101:Irish
2963:Types
2619:Kayak
2614:Canoe
2599:Water
1041:Alaia
1035:Alaia
963:balsa
711:cedar
694:epoxy
654:balsa
475:Rails
402:waves
374:Leash
139:Parts
3702:Hair
3359:Jaws
3298:Peru
3193:Fins
2725:list
2635:Punt
2487:Sled
2437:Cart
2107:27.5
1992:29er
1977:Land
1786:ISBN
1515:2015
1457:2018
1427:2018
1405:2018
1321:2011
1070:and
952:(in
940:and
921:the
854:guns
810:Fish
676:The
623:and
618:hemp
512:lift
503:kick
495:flip
453:Tail
437:Nose
413:cord
398:cord
349:Quad
225:The
207:Fins
196:deck
194:The
190:Deck
104:and
71:fins
63:wood
3687:Art
3198:Wax
2829:Ski
2713:Air
1021:Olo
848:Gun
701:or
501:or
493:or
96:or
84:or
67:koa
3783::
1906:.
1882:.
1857:.
1832:.
1744:.
1717:.
1692:.
1559:^
1448:.
1435:^
1395:.
1371:.
1346:.
1299:^
1246:.
1185:.
1161:.
1137:.
1078:.
919:CE
864:.
780:A
717:,
713:,
709:,
627:.
616:,
612:,
135:.
49:A
2930:e
2923:t
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2878:(
2240:)
2236:(
2003:)
1999:(
1961:e
1954:t
1947:v
1916:.
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1604:.
1542:.
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1051:3
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