619:
610:
637:
31:
646:
655:
217:, an early adopter of Listerism, felt that having a smooth surface on a surgical instrument was important to help to prevent infection. Thus, he developed what is now called the Senn retractor, a double-ended retractor with an end of three bent prongs that may be dull or sharp, and it was often used in plastic or vascular surgery procedures.
628:
66:
Many different kinds of surgical instruments and tools have been invented and some have been repurposed as medical knowledge and surgical practices have developed. As surgery practice diversified, some tools are advanced for higher accuracy and stability while some are invented with the completion of
224:
in 1905, is a self-retaining, finger ring retractor with a cam ratchet lock used for holding back tissue and exposing a surgical site that allows the surgeon to activate using a single hand. His invention inspired the invention of more retractors, such as Adson-Beckman retractors for general surgery
386:
Tools used for suturing dissection sites or closing cuts. Needles have different shapes (e.g. j shape, ½ circle, straight) and cutting edges (tapered - round, conventional cutting - triangular) depending on the application and areas of the suture. Sutures can be categorized based on different sizes
142:
developed a double-edged safety razor blade with a disposable blade. After 10 years, Morgan Parker, an engineer, developed and patented another type of disposable scalpel, consisting of an overlapping blade locked into a metal handle that allows for easily replacing dull and used blades with fresh
53:
or operation, such as modifying biological tissue, or to provide access for viewing it. Over time, many different kinds of surgical instruments and tools have been invented. Some surgical instruments are designed for general use in all sorts of surgeries, while others are designed for only certain
557:
The expression surgical instrumentation is somewhat interchangeably used with surgical instruments, but its meaning in medical jargon is the activity of providing assistance to a surgeon with the proper handling of surgical instruments during an operation, by a specialized professional, usually a
414:
Tools for various purposes depending on the condition. Retractors can be used to expose incision openings, hold tissue back, or maintain operating areas. They can be categorized into either hand-held retractors or self-retaining ones (via a ratcheting mechanism) (e.g., Deaver retractor, Weitlaner
73:
In the 1900s, inventions of aseptic surgeries (maintenance of sterile conditions through good hygiene procedures) on the basis of existing antiseptic surgeries (sterilization of tools before, during, and after surgery) led to the manifestations of sale and use of instrument sterilizers, sterile
250:
invented one of the most common and well-known DeBkey forceps. The vascular atraumatic forceps (DeBakey)were widely used for grasping vascular tissue and causing minimal damage to the vessels. This invention led to the development of the Dacron aortic graft for the repair of aortic
157:
In 1900, physician Joseph Rivière used electrical current to treat a benign carcinomatous ulcer on the dorsum of his patient's hand. Then in 1907, Physician Karl Franz
Nagelschmidt used diathermy to treat lesions as well as the coagulation of vascular tumors and
57:
Classification of surgical instruments helps surgeons to understand the functions and purposes of the instruments. With the goal of optimizing surgical results and performing more difficult operations, more instruments continue to be invented in the modern era.
268:
Hemostats are forceps that aim to obliterate the lumen of vessels and to obtain adherence to the crushed surfaces and vascular hemostasis. Originally, this notion of crushing did not exist and arterial catch forceps simply clamped vessels temporarily prior to
235:
Back in the 6th century BC, laboring caused a high mortality rate for both mothers and newborns due to the hours or days of the lasting delivery process. This problem led to the establishment of forceps-assisted delivery in the 16th century by the
74:
gauze, and cotton. Most importantly, instruments were advanced to be readily and effectively sterilized by replacing wooden and ivory handles with metals. For safety and comfort concerns, the tools are made with as few pieces as possible.
310:
contributed to the invention of clamps and
Halsted-Mosquito Hemostats, which were used to clamp small blood vessels. Kelly clamp, invented by Howard Kelly, has similar functions but it can clamp larger vessels due to the slightly larger
469:
Tools used for resection (Removing part of an organ), transaction (Cutting through and sealing organs and tissues), and anastomoses (Creating connections between structures). (e.g. linear stapler, linear cutter,
1541:
210:. The doyen retractors are auto-static, self-retaining retractors that are used primarily in abdominal OB/GYN procedures. It facilitates the completion of difficult surgeries by providing improved exposure.
111:
in the 1880s). Mayo scissors have semi-blunt ends and they are either straight or curve-bladed. The straight blades are used for cutting tissue near wounds, and curves are used for cutting thick tissue.
372:
Tool for tissue cutting, dissection, and suture. Straight and curved scissors are used for cutting different structures. (e.g. Mayo scissors, Metzenbaum scissors, Pottâs scissors, Iris
Scissors).
131:
Primitive knives were made of perishable materials such as sharp leaf margins or bamboo. After the Dark Ages, Muslims, and later
European countries started to develop surgical instruments,
354:
Used for tissue or object grasping. Forceps are categorized into toothed or non-toothed at the tip. (e.g.,Tissue forceps, Adson forceps, Bonney forceps, DeBakey forceps, Russian forceps)
284:, who accidentally found arterial forceps with a catch closure came away spontaneously without the need for ligature, and invented âpince hĂŠmostatique,â which have pin and hole catches.
1398:
1099:
146:
Despite the knowledge that heat can control bleeding since the sixth-century BC, it was not until the 18th-century that people started to use electricity to generate heat for cautery.
80:
emerged as a specialty during World War II, and the tools used by early hand surgeons remain in common use today, and many are identified by the names of those who created them.
1816:
842:"Surgeons and Their Tools: A History of Surgical Instruments and Their Innovators-Part II: The Surgeon's Wand-Evolution from Knife to Scalpel to Electrocautery"
362:
Clamps stabilize or hold tissue and objects in place. They can be used for traumatic or atraumatic purposes. (e.g., Crile hemostat, Kelly clamp, Kocher clamp)
83:
Individual tools have diverse history development. Below is a brief history of the inventors and tools created for five commonly used surgical tools.
1614:
458:
Tools used to remove secretion, debris, or any fluid in the surgical area. (e.g. Yankauer
Suction Tube, Poole Suction Tube, Frazier Suction Tip)
315:
Accordingly, the nomenclature of surgical instruments follows certain patterns, such as a description of the action it performs (for example,
387:(e.g.#5-#11, higher numbers represent larger suture diameter) and types (absorbable and nonabsorbable and braided and non-braided) as well.
1012:"Surgeons and Their Tools: A History of Surgical Instruments and their Innovators. Part III: The Medical Student's Best Friend-Retractors"
169:
proposed the use of different current (flow of electrical charge of the carrier) for cutting and coagulation. Bovie collaborated with Dr.
143:
sterile blades. Compared to the
Gillette ones, this new blade provides stability whilst still being able to exchange blades between uses.
590:
1809:
240:
Forceps were later developed over several centuries by leading obstetricians of the time including James
Simpson, Neville Barnes, and
237:
595:
1779:
798:"Surgeons and Their Tools: A History of Surgical Instruments and Their Innovators-Part I: Place the Scissors on the Mayo Stand"
1638:
2246:
1802:
258:, a pioneer in neuroscience at Mayo Clinic, invented Adson forceps that allows the lifting and removal of neural tissue.
1723:
121:(the surgical removal of the tonsils). The lighter and longer handle allows it to be used in tighter operating fields.
1280:"Surgeons and Their Tools: A History of Surgical Instruments and Their Innovators. Part V: Pass Me the Hemostat/Clamp"
700:
395:
Tools used to hold suture needle while it is passed through tissue and to grasp suture while instrument knot tying.
676:
1244:"Surgeons and Their Tools: A History of Surgical Instruments and Their Innovators. Part IV: Pass Me the Forceps"
1700:"Radiologic and MRI Technologists : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics"
1311:"The history and evolution of surgical instruments. X clamps, haemostats and related pivot-controlled forceps"
573:
An important relative distinction regarding surgical instruments is the amount of bodily disruption or tissue
535:
Electrosurgery is a modern technology that uses high frequency electrical current to cut or coagulate blood.
1471:
975:
307:
255:
147:
1934:
487:
191:
were lacking so the surgeons uses their fingers to supply the necessary retraction of tissue exploration.
1699:
1291:
1255:
1023:
853:
809:
559:
281:
207:
1675:
1351:
2138:
1676:"Surgical Technologists : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics"
421:
100:
2182:
2077:
2006:
1903:
400:
324:
288:
270:
188:
114:
108:
177:â, a diathermy apparatus. It allows for careful dissection of tissue while maintaining hemostasis.
2169:
2130:
2120:
2041:
957:
755:
578:
449:
291:, who significantly contributed to thyroidectomies (removal of all or a part of the thyroid gland
241:
104:
543:
Ultrasound surgery uses high frequency and high energy sound waves to target and destroy tissue.
2215:
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1908:
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476:
367:
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730:
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767:
439:
303:
166:
139:
1747:
2225:
2177:
2001:
1996:
577:
that their use might cause the patient. Terms relating to this issue are 'atraumatic' and
574:
508:
464:
247:
221:
701:"Surgical Instruments | Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health - Credo Reference"
195:, a pioneer of modern medicine, devised numerous hooks for surgical retraction including
1775:
618:
609:
2082:
2046:
1855:
1591:
1566:
1327:
1310:
1214:
1181:
1157:
1124:
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1042:
905:
888:
872:
327:
forceps), or a compound scientific name related to the kind of surgery (for example, a
170:
46:
1367:
2240:
2187:
1944:
1898:
1893:
929:
483:
274:
214:
118:
92:
70:
Two waves in history contributed significantly to the development of surgical tools.
961:
2089:
2028:
1949:
1860:
756:"A History of Surgery in the Instrument Tray: Eponymous Tools Used in Hand Surgery"
567:
196:
77:
636:
1295:
1259:
1027:
857:
813:
199:, tracheostomies, hemorrhoidectomies, and central extractions in his famous book
2115:
2051:
2036:
1924:
1791:
Wells, MP, Bradley, M: Surgical
Instruments A Pocket Guide. W.B. Saunders, 1998.
493:
377:
332:
328:
299:. This invention decreases the risk of contamination while cutting dense tissue.
206:
In the 19th century, Doyen abdominal retractors were invented by French surgeon
96:
1492:
PanteliÄ, MiloĹĄ; Ljikar, Jelena; Devecerski, Gordana; KaradziÄ, Jelena (2015).
1058:
771:
30:
17:
1833:
1724:"Scrub Nurse vs. Surgical Tech: Decoding the Differences in the OR and Beyond"
1279:
1243:
1011:
945:
841:
797:
538:
Argon plasma coagulation involves the application of gas discharges in argon.
505:
296:
192:
159:
1582:
1519:
1375:
1205:
1197:
1148:
1140:
1066:
896:
117:
were invented by Myron
Metzenbaum (1876â1944). This tool was widely used for
2110:
2018:
1956:
645:
496:
151:
1600:
1527:
1383:
1336:
1223:
1166:
1084:
953:
914:
1399:"Hemostats 101: Understanding One of the Most Common Surgical Instruments"
654:
2205:
2154:
2056:
2013:
1510:
1493:
512:
320:
49:
for performing specific actions or carrying out desired effects during a
95:, created by one of the Mayo brothers, was one of the inventions of the
2105:
1991:
1966:
1929:
1865:
1842:
1794:
527:
445:
431:
427:
348:
316:
132:
50:
35:
1098:
Josvai, Mitchell; Eichstaedt, Kate; Hart, Ashlee; Lall, Avani (2021).
1971:
502:
Carriers and appliers for optical, electronic, and mechanical devices
435:
1107:
Department of
Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison
546:
LigaSure fuses vessels up to 7mm in diameter in an efficient manner.
627:
2159:
1939:
1180:
Sheikh, Sukhera; Ganesaratnam, Inithan; Jan, Haider (2013-06-05).
1123:
Sheikh, Sukhera; Ganesaratnam, Inithan; Jan, Haider (2013-06-05).
563:
523:
516:
351:(non-locking forceps/ grasping forceps, thumb forceps, pick-ups)
174:
29:
1961:
1043:"Abu Al Qasim Al Zahrawi (Albucasis): Pioneer of Modern Surgery"
404:
1798:
408:
532:
Energy systems tools are used to cut tissues or seal vessels
1352:"Eugène KoeberlÊ (1828-1915), père de la chirurgie moderne"
380:: unpowered or powered saws, drills and pliers-like devices
677:"Surgical Instrument - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
1776:
Edgar R. McGuire Historical Medical Instrument Collection
150:
was the pioneer of the technique, which later was called
455:
Suction tips and tubes, for removal of bodily fluids
930:"Radiofrequency energy in surgery: State of the art"
928:
IhnĂĄt, Peter; RudinskĂĄ, Lucie; Zonca, Pavel (2013).
2198:
2168:
2147:
2129:
2098:
2070:
2027:
1984:
1917:
1879:
1841:
1832:
1748:"The Basics of Surgical Instruments and their uses"
343:There are several classes of surgical instruments:
1479:American College of Surgeons Division of Education
1315:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
1273:
1271:
1269:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1663:Surgical Instrumentation: an Interactive Approach
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
323:), the name of its inventor(s) (for example, the
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
724:
722:
720:
1278:El-Sedfy, Abraham; Chamberlain, Ronald (2015).
1242:El-Sedfy, Abraham; Chamberlain, Ronald (2015).
1010:El-Sedfy, Abraham; Chamberlain, Ronald (2015).
840:El-Sedfy, Abraham; Chamberlain, Ronald (2014).
796:El-Sedfy, Abraham; Chamberlain, Ronald (2014).
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
754:Meals, Clifton G.; Meals, Roy A. (2007-09-07).
1118:
1116:
1810:
225:and Chung retractors for orthopedic surgery.
8:
452:, for access to narrow passages or incisions
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1838:
1817:
1803:
1795:
1457:
1455:
1453:
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1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1041:Amr, Samir S.; Tbakhi, Abdelghani (2007).
1590:
1509:
1326:
1213:
1156:
1074:
904:
287:In 1882, the Kocher clamp was created by
1420:"Medical Definition of KOCHER'S FORCEPS"
1571:GMS Krankenhaushygiene Interdisziplinar
1100:"Preliminary Report: Thyroid Retractor"
668:
605:
479:, tips and tubes, for introducing fluid
220:The Weitlaner retractor, invented by
201:Al Tasreef Liman âAjaz âAan Al-Taleef
54:specialties or specific procedures.
27:Tools designed for use during surgery
7:
1472:"Commonly Used Surgical Instrument"
591:Instruments used in general surgery
1665:(Saunders, 2010) 1416037020, pxiii
1639:"LigaSure⢠Technology | Medtronic"
889:10.1097/01.sla.0000201546.94163.00
126:Knife to scalpel to electrocautery
67:medical and scientific knowledge.
25:
653:
644:
635:
626:
617:
608:
596:Medical instruments and implants
415:retractor, Malleable Retractor).
1780:University at Buffalo Libraries
1565:Zenker, Matthias (2008-11-03).
976:"Diathermy and Electro-Surgery"
392:Needle drivers(needle holders)
1350:L.f., Hollender (2001-07-01).
1:
1368:10.1016/S0003-3944(01)00561-2
522:Measurement devices, such as
492:Scopes and probes, including
420:Distractors, positioners and
173:, which led to the birth of â
1615:"Focused ultrasound surgery"
331:is a tool used to perform a
1542:"Overview of electrosurgey"
1494:"Energy systems in surgery"
760:The Journal of Hand Surgery
2263:
1567:"Argon plasma coagulation"
1059:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.220
772:10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.05.007
213:In the late 19th century,
946:10.1007/s00595-013-0630-5
873:"William Stewart Halsted"
735:Books, Health and History
705:search.credoreference.com
482:Powered devices, such as
463:Sealing devices, such as
359:Clamps (locking forceps)
1198:10.1177/2042533313478412
1141:10.1177/2042533313478412
1047:Annals of Saudi Medicine
871:Rankin, J Scott (2006).
187:During the Renaissance,
1424:www.merriam-webster.com
308:William Stewart Halsted
256:Alfred Washington Adson
148:William Stewart Halsted
2071:Retracting and viewing
1397:Schultz, Rick (2019).
1182:"The birth of forceps"
1125:"The birth of forceps"
731:"surgical instruments"
403:, used to spread open
254:Around the mid 1900s,
103:and his two sons, Dr.
38:
1309:Kirkup, John (1999).
681:www.sciencedirect.com
560:surgical technologist
248:Michael Ellis DeBakey
33:
2247:Surgical instruments
2139:Yankauer suction tip
2099:Examination and prep
1826:Surgical instruments
1511:10.2298/mpns1512394p
1406:Instrument Whisperer
1356:Annales de Chirurgie
1321:(420â428): 420â428.
1284:The American Surgeon
1248:The American Surgeon
1016:The American Surgeon
846:The American Surgeon
802:The American Surgeon
426:Mechanical cutters (
422:stereotactic devices
165:In the early 1900s,
101:William Worrall Mayo
1904:Metzenbaum scissors
304:William Henry Welch
289:Emil Theodor Kocher
115:Metzenbaum scissors
109:Charles Horace Mayo
99:(established by Dr.
43:surgical instrument
2042:Aortic cross-clamp
1504:(11â12): 394â399.
1498:Medicinski Pregled
1470:Visenio, Michael.
1186:JRSM Short Reports
1129:JRSM Short Reports
579:minimally invasive
499:and tactile probes
347:Graspers, such as
295:and decompressive
242:Christian Kielland
238:Chamberlen family.
208:Eugène-Louis Doyen
105:William James Mayo
39:
2234:
2233:
2216:Periodontal probe
2211:Hypodermic needle
1980:
1979:
1909:Tenotomy scissors
1881:Surgical scissors
1728:www.rasmussen.edu
1643:www.medtronic.com
877:Annals of Surgery
509:tissue disruptors
477:injection needles
465:surgical staplers
411:and other tissue
368:Surgical scissors
16:(Redirected from
2254:
2221:Surgical stapler
2062:Pennington clamp
1889:Bandage scissors
1871:Von Graefe knife
1839:
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442:, rongeurs etc.)
440:Harmonic scalpel
383:Needles/Sutures
167:William T. Bovie
21:
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2256:
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562:or sometimes a
555:
475:Irrigation and
341:
282:Eugene Koeberle
265:
232:
222:Franz Weitlaner
203:around 1000 AD.
184:
128:
89:
64:
28:
23:
22:
18:Surgical device
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2178:Surgical drain
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2087:
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2083:Senn retractor
2074:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2047:Foerster clamp
2044:
2039:
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2025:
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2022:
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2016:
2011:
2010:
2009:
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1861:Liston knife
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1786:Bibliography
1756:. Retrieved
1754:. 2015-08-03
1752:City College
1751:
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515:and cutting
378:Bone cutters
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78:Hand surgery
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2148:Measurement
2116:Head mirror
2052:Gomco clamp
2037:Allis clamp
2007:Obstetrical
1925:Bone cutter
1704:www.bls.gov
1680:www.bls.gov
1619:Mayo Clinic
553:Terminology
494:fiber optic
333:tracheotomy
329:tracheotomy
302:Later, Dr.
160:hemorrhoids
97:Mayo clinic
1834:Dissecting
1758:2022-02-23
1733:2022-02-23
1709:2022-02-23
1685:2022-02-23
1648:2022-12-05
1624:2022-12-05
1551:2022-12-05
1429:2022-11-30
1296:1664553827
1260:1661354244
1192:(7): 1â4.
1135:(7): 1â4.
1028:1661353796
985:2022-11-15
858:1661354123
814:1619897746
740:2022-11-14
710:2022-11-14
686:2022-02-22
663:References
506:Ultrasound
497:endoscopes
488:dermatomes
401:Retractors
297:craniotomy
251:aneurysms.
189:retractors
182:Retractors
2111:Endoscope
2078:Retractor
2019:Tenaculum
1957:Osteotome
1935:Dermatome
1778:from the
1583:1863-5245
1520:0025-8105
1376:0003-3944
1206:2042-5333
1149:2042-5333
1067:0256-4947
897:0003-4932
513:cryotomes
280:In 1867,
193:Albucasis
152:Diathermy
138:In 1904,
2241:Category
2206:Catheter
2170:Drainage
2155:Calipers
2121:Speculum
2057:Hemostat
2029:Clamping
2014:Hemostat
1985:Grasping
1856:RF knife
1601:20204117
1528:26939306
1384:11486544
1337:10655898
1292:ProQuest
1256:ProQuest
1224:23885296
1167:23885296
1085:17575478
1024:ProQuest
962:20165124
954:23728491
915:16495709
854:ProQuest
810:ProQuest
585:See also
528:calipers
446:Dilators
428:scalpels
321:hemostat
271:ligature
133:scalpels
107:and Dr.
87:Scissors
36:scalpels
34:Various
2188:Penrose
2131:Suction
2106:Dilator
2002:Debakey
1997:Bulldog
1992:Forceps
1967:Rongeur
1945:Cranial
1930:Curette
1843:Scalpel
1592:2831517
1328:2503327
1215:3704058
1158:3704058
1076:6077085
906:1448951
602:Gallery
450:specula
436:trocars
432:lancets
349:forceps
317:scalpel
275:cautery
230:Forceps
62:History
51:surgery
1972:Trocar
1950:Dental
1866:Lancet
1851:Catlin
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808:(11).
575:trauma
524:rulers
519:guides
470:clips)
325:Kocher
2199:Other
2160:Ruler
1940:Drill
1918:Other
1475:(PDF)
1402:(PDF)
1290:(3).
1254:(2).
1103:(PDF)
1022:(1).
958:S2CID
564:nurse
517:laser
175:Bovie
45:is a
1962:Rasp
1597:PMID
1579:ISSN
1524:PMID
1516:ISSN
1380:PMID
1372:ISSN
1333:PMID
1220:PMID
1202:ISSN
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1081:PMID
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950:PMID
911:PMID
893:ISSN
526:and
486:and
448:and
409:ribs
405:skin
311:jaw.
306:and
1587:PMC
1506:doi
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1323:PMC
1210:PMC
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768:doi
566:or
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