Knowledge (XXG)

Surveyor 7

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mounted below the television camera in a position that allowed it to reach the alpha-scattering instrument in its deployed position and redeploy it to another selected location. The instrument performed 16 bearing tests, seven trenching tests, and two impact tests. It also freed the alpha-scattering instrument when it failed to deploy on the lunar surface, shaded this instrument, and moved this instrument for evaluation of other samples. Performance was flawless during 36 hours of operation between January 11 and January 23, 1968. The instrument responded to commands on February 14, 1968, which verified that it had survived the lunar night. The power system, however, was unable to support any operations.
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and elevations. The polarizing filters served as analyzers for the detection of measurements of the linearly polarized component of light scattered from the lunar surface. The frame by frame coverage of the lunar surface provided a 360 deg azimuth view and an elevation view from approximately +90 deg
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Operations on the second lunar day occurred from February 12 to 21, 1968. The mission objectives were fully satisfied by the spacecraft operations. Battery damage was suffered during the first lunar night and transmission contact was subsequently sporadic. Contact with Surveyor 7 was lost on February
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This spacecraft was similar in design to the previous Surveyors, but it carried more scientific equipment including a television camera with polarizing filters, a surface sampler, bar magnets on two footpads, two horseshoe magnets on the surface scoop, and auxiliary mirrors. Of the auxiliary mirrors,
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to provide a type of terrain photography and lunar sample significantly different from those of other Surveyor missions); obtain postlanding TV pictures; determine the relative abundances of chemical elements; manipulate the lunar material; obtain touchdown dynamics data; and obtain thermal and radar
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arm that could be extended about 1.5 m or retracted close to the spacecraft motor drive. The arm could also be moved from an azimuth of +40° to -72° or be elevated 130 mm by motor drives. It could also be dropped onto the lunar surface under force provided by gravity and a spring. The scoop was
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The camera transmitted 20,961 pictures during the first lunar day, January 10 to January 22, 1968. From February 12 to February 14, the camera was operated in the 200 line mode because of loss of horizontal sweep in the 600 line mode. During the second lunar day, 45 pictures were transmitted before
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Operations of the spacecraft began shortly after the soft landing and were terminated on January 26, 1968, 80 hours after sunset. On January 20, while the craft was still in daylight, the TV camera clearly saw two laser beams aimed at it from the night side of the crescent Earth, one from Kitt Peak
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surface sampler was designed to pick up, dig, scrape, and trench the lunar surface, and transport lunar surface material while being photographed so that the properties of the lunar surface could be determined. The sampler consisted primarily of a scoop with a container, a sharpened blade, and an
458:. The persistency was selected to optimally match the nominal maximum frame rate. One frame of TV identification was received for each incoming TV frame and was displayed in real time at a rate compatible with that of the incoming image. These data were recorded on a video magnetic 4455: 643:. A digital electronics package, located in a compartment on the spacecraft, continuously telemetered signals to earth whenever the experiment was operating. The spectra contained quantitative information on all major elements in the samples except for 606: 626:
242) collimated to irradiate a 10 mm diameter opening in the bottom of the instrument where the sample was located and two parallel but independent charged particle detector systems. One system, containing two sensors, detected the
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and scanned one frame each 61.8 seconds. A complete video transmission of each 200 line picture required 20 seconds and utilized a bandwidth of 1.2 kHz. Most transmissions consisted of 600 line pictures, which were telemetered by a
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The alpha backscattering instrument failed to deploy properly. Mission controllers successfully used the surface soil sampler claw to push the alpha backscattering instrument into the proper position to conduct its experiments.
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and sensitivity of this camera were slightly less than those on the Surveyor 6 camera. Resolution and quality were excellent. The television images were displayed on a slow scan monitor coated with a long persistency
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three were used to observe areas below the spacecraft, one to provide stereoscopic views of the surface sampler area, and seven to show lunar material deposited on the spacecraft. The spacecraft landed on the
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The alpha-scattering surface analyzer was designed to measure directly the abundances of the major elements of the lunar surface. The instrumentation consisted of an alpha source (
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Surveyor 7 was the first probe to detect the faint glow on the lunar horizon after dark that is now thought to be light reflected from electrostatically levitated
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Spotted fragment about 1.5 meters from Surveyor 7 camera. Bright spots have indistinct boundaries and vary from less than 1 mm to about 8 mm across.
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to open and close the container. The flat foot of the scoop incorporated two embedded rectangular horseshoe magnets. The scoop was mounted on a
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NASA and Bellcom mission planners considered the Surveyor 7 site as a potential target for a crewed late Apollo mission, perhaps
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An area 350 meters northeast of the spacecraft, showing a large block about 5 meters across and 2 meters high
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produced via reaction (alpha and proton) in the surface material. Each detector assembly was connected to a
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scattered from the lunar surface, and the other, containing four sensors, detected energy spectra of the
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The objectives for this mission were to perform a lunar soft landing (in an area well removed from the
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Surveyor 7, sitting on the ejecta blanket of Tycho Crater (image width is 500 m). Inset is zoomed 4x .
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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
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National Observatory, Tucson, Arizona, and the other at Table Mountain at Wrightwood, California.
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Both 600 line and 200 line modes of operation were used. The 200 line mode transmitted over an
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in 1968 on a scientific and photographic mission as the seventh and last lunar lander of the
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Broken block 30 to 40 cm across, about 2.5 meters from Surveyor 7 camera.
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above the plane normal to the camera A axis to -60 deg below this same plane.
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photo of the beam from the 2-watt green argon Hughes laser at Table Mountain
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Horizontal relative response at 600 lines (at center of vidicon): 0.20
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Vertical relative response at 600 lines (at center of vidicon): 0.33
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Photomosaic of a panorama taken by Surveyor 7 of its landing site.
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fragment about 35 cm across, about 7 meters from Surveyor 7
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Spotted rock 25 cm across, about 2 meters from Surveyor 7
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in
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Surveyor 7 camera characteristics on 600-line mode were:
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lunar missions, contributed to the site's elimination.
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Surveyor Program Results (Good Quality Color PDF) 1969
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loss of power caused suspension of camera operation.
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University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory
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Rolling lunar terrain northeast of the landing site
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Slope of system transfer characteristic curve: 0.98
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NASA's Solar System Exploration website 5696:NASA International Space Apps Challenge 747: 515: 4484:Administrator and Deputy Administrator 3339:List of artificial objects on the Moon 919:NASA SP-184 - SURVEYOR Program Results 843:Portree, David S. F. (23 March 2012). 731:List of artificial objects on the Moon 5274:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite 509:. This was one of the early tests of 7: 5736: 3040:International Lunar Research Station 912: 910: 908: 906: 904: 960:Surveyor Program Results (PDF) 1969 937:"Argon Laser as Seen from the Moon" 408:Surveyor 7 observes levitating dust 243:January 10, 1968, 01:05:36 UTC 4390:National Aeronautics and Space Act 1754:Japanese Lunar Exploration Program 14: 5344:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 4898:Commercial Lunar Payload Services 618:Alpha-Scattering Surface Analyzer 130:1,040.1 kilograms (2,293 lb) 5735: 5724: 5723: 5639:Apollo 15 postal covers incident 5397:Space Flight Operations Facility 4583:Operations and Checkout Building 3359:Moon landing conspiracy theories 845:"Apollo Mission to Tycho (1969)" 705: 691: 605: 593: 578: 566: 554: 542: 530: 518: 472:Signal-to-noise ratio (dB): 43.6 99:45 days (launch to last contact) 4858:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program 3076:Lunar Polar Exploration Mission 925:. NASA. 1969. pp. 22, 23. 796:Notes on the laser experiment. 663:Soil Mechanics Surface Sampler 495:Kitt Peak National Observatory 85: 1: 412:The TV camera consisted of a 5676:Space program on U.S. stamps 5601:Gemini and Apollo medallions 5551:Solar System Family Portrait 5327:Joint Polar Satellite System 5196:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 4450:Vision for Space Exploration 4420:Space Exploration Initiative 3374:List of crewed lunar landers 3334:List of missions to the Moon 3157:Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander 3116:Lunar Crater Radio Telescope 2888:Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost 2203:SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna) 1859:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 1053:List of missions to the Moon 736:List of missions to the Moon 511:laser communication in space 5776:Spacecraft launched in 1968 5671:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame 5628:We choose to go to the Moon 5591:Apollo 11 goodwill messages 5149:International Space Station 5129:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 4868:Great Observatories program 4712:International Space Station 4690:Roscosmos State Corporation 4607:Science Mission Directorate 4553:Manned Space Flight Network 3216:International Lunar Network 5812: 5488:NASA cameras on spacecraft 5299:James Webb Space Telescope 5211:Solar Dynamics Observatory 4432:U.S. National Space Policy 503:Table Mountain Observatory 5791:Soft landings on the Moon 5719: 4563:Vehicle Assembly Building 4305: 3454: 3382: 2022:List of Apollo astronauts 1050: 1007: 416:tube, 25 and 100 mm 288: 284: 227: 223: 199: 195: 159:January 7, 1968, 06:30:00 146: 142: 107: 103: 36: 24: 5634:Apollo 8 Genesis reading 5558:The Day the Earth Smiled 4893:Solar Terrestrial Probes 3319:Colonization of the Moon 462:and on 70 mm film. 388:, a phenomenon known as 349:Surveyor model on Earth. 5771:Surveyor program (NASA) 5691:Other primates in space 5403:Deep Space Atomic Clock 5223:Mars Science Laboratory 5011:Spitzer Space Telescope 4600:Lunar Sample Laboratory 4543:Launch Services Program 3369:Apollo 11 anniversaries 3206:European Lunar Explorer 2429:Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2) 549:Panorama of the surface 438:omnidirectional antenna 5706:National Astronaut Day 5649:The Astronaut Monument 5471:Space Shuttle missions 5171:Mars Exploration Rover 5154:Hubble Space Telescope 5063:Kepler space telescope 4863:Earth Observing System 4837:Mars Exploration Rover 4548:Mercury Control Center 2555:Emirates Lunar Mission 507:Wrightwood, California 449:for transmission. The 409: 350: 176:Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D 5654:Lunar sample displays 5644:Space Mirror Memorial 5586:Voyager Golden Record 5478:United States rockets 4670: (with the  4578:Launch Control Center 3164:Lunar Orbital Station 2616:Peregrine Mission One 641:pulse height analyzer 469:Dynamic range: 11.1:1 407: 348: 112:Spacecraft properties 16:American lunar lander 5781:Missions to the Moon 4672:Soviet space program 4590:Johnson Space Center 4558:Kennedy Space Center 4521:spinoff technologies 3438:Orbital launches in 3329:List of lunar probes 3324:Google Lunar X Prize 3273:Project Harvest Moon 2386:Lunar Roving Vehicle 1866:(relay satellite at 5681:Apollo 17 Moon mice 5537:Pillars of Creation 5444:Space Shuttle crews 4922:(human and robotic) 4916:Individual featured 4499:Ranks and positions 3354:Apollo 17 Moon mice 3283:Resource Prospector 3211:First Lunar Outpost 3194:Baden-Württemberg 1 3150:Boeing Lunar Lander 2275:Apollo Lunar Module 2089:(propulsion module) 2054:Apollo Lunar Module 1656:Spacecraft missions 954:Surveyor 7 panorama 878:on October 13, 2016 699:Solar System portal 443:directional antenna 395:Science instruments 342:reflectivity data. 265: /  163:1968-01-07UTC06:30Z 21: 5483:NASA cancellations 5378:Deep Space Network 5368:Near Earth Network 4853:Living With a Star 4827:Project Prometheus 4807:Planetary Observer 3022:Cislunar Explorers 824:. 28 November 2017 713:Spaceflight portal 422:polarizing filters 420:lenses, shutters, 410: 390:Lunar horizon glow 351: 5751: 5750: 5664:stolen or missing 5461:uncrewed missions 5439:Apollo astronauts 5434:Gemini astronauts 5352: 5351: 5136:2001 Mars Odyssey 4911: 4910: 4787:Mars Surveyor '98 4745: 4744: 4688: (with  4621:Human spaceflight 4615: 4614: 4573:Launch Complex 48 4568:Launch Complex 39 4320: 4319: 3397: 3396: 3243:Lunar Mission One 3200:#dearMoon project 3173: 3172: 3055: 3054: 2900:Lunar Trailblazer 2789: 2788: 2231:Moon Impact Probe 1958: 1957: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1561: 1560: 1300: 1299: 1155: 1154: 1059: 1058: 313: 312: 212:February 21, 1968 5803: 5796:1968 on the Moon 5739: 5738: 5727: 5726: 5565:Fallen Astronaut 5206:Van Allen Probes 4926: 4832:Mars Exploration 4757: 4628: 4396:Space Task Group 4368: 4347: 4340: 4333: 4324: 4280:Intelsat III F-2 4053:Intelsat III F-1 3443: 3442: 3441: 3424: 3417: 3410: 3401: 3066: 3016:Lunar Pathfinder 2800: 2696:Lunar Flashlight 2183:Lunar Prospector 1969: 1850:(service module) 1822: 1649: 1642: 1635: 1626: 1570: 1390: 1164: 1105: 1086: 1079: 1072: 1063: 1001:Surveyor program 994: 987: 980: 971: 941: 940: 933: 927: 926: 924: 914: 899: 894: 888: 887: 885: 883: 874:. 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Archived from 777: 771: 770: 768: 766: 755: 721:Surveyor program 715: 710: 709: 708: 701: 696: 695: 694: 609: 597: 582: 570: 558: 546: 534: 522: 428:to move in both 328:Surveyor program 318:was sent to the 280: 279: 277: 276: 275: 270: 266: 263: 262: 261: 258: 219: 217: 166: 164: 151:Start of mission 96:Mission duration 87: 78: 77: 71: 29: 22: 5811: 5810: 5806: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5801: 5800: 5766:LQ26 quadrangle 5756: 5755: 5752: 5747: 5715: 5615: 5606:Mission patches 5581:Pioneer plaques 5544:Mystic Mountain 5521:Family Portrait 5514:The Blue Marble 5498: 5492: 5466:Apollo missions 5407: 5359: 5348: 5315: 5120: 5114: 4951:Mercury-Atlas 6 4921: 4917: 4907: 4841: 4777:Mariner Mark II 4741: 4722:Commercial Crew 4700: 4623: 4611: 4595:Mission Control 4494:Astronaut Corps 4489:Chief Scientist 4467: 4372: 4356: 4351: 4321: 4316: 4301: 4104:Molniya-1 No.14 3843:Molniya-1 No.13 3658:Molniya-1 No.10 3450: 3449: 3439: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3428: 3398: 3393: 3378: 3349:Lunar resources 3307: 3179: 3169: 3130: 3061: 3051: 2980: 2955: 2906: 2874: 2795: 2785: 2620: 2612:(Chandrayaan-2) 2543:Failed landings 2538: 2458: 2434:(Chandrayaan-3) 2372: 2359:(Chandrayaan-3) 2260: 2207: 2158:Lunar Orbiter 1 2027: 1972:Crewed landings 1964: 1954: 1938: 1922: 1896: 1871: 1817: 1811: 1703:Lunar Precursor 1670: 1662: 1653: 1623: 1614: 1557: 1520: 1495: 1456: 1431: 1381: 1296: 1203: 1151: 1113: 1096: 1090: 1060: 1055: 1046: 1003: 998: 950: 945: 944: 935: 934: 930: 922: 916: 915: 902: 895: 891: 881: 879: 865: 864: 860: 850: 848: 842: 841: 837: 827: 825: 816: 815: 811: 804: 800: 790: 788: 779: 778: 774: 764: 762: 757: 756: 749: 744: 711: 706: 704: 697: 692: 690: 687: 665: 633:alpha particles 620: 613: 610: 601: 598: 589: 583: 574: 571: 562: 559: 550: 547: 538: 535: 526: 523: 426:stepping motors 402: 397: 309: 308: 302: 295: 273: 271: 269:41.01°S 11.41°W 267: 264: 259: 256: 254: 252: 251: 215: 213: 162: 160: 121:Hughes Aircraft 72: 67: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5809: 5807: 5799: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5758: 5757: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5745: 5733: 5720: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5701:Astronauts Day 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5667: 5666: 5661: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5623: 5621: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5561: 5554: 5547: 5540: 5533: 5532: 5531: 5517: 5510: 5502: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5474: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5453: 5448: 5447: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5415: 5413: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5405: 5400: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5375: 5370: 5364: 5362: 5360:and navigation 5358:Communications 5354: 5353: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5346: 5341: 5338:Europa Clipper 5334: 5329: 5323: 5321: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5313: 5308: 5307: 5306: 5296: 5295: 5294: 5289: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5244: 5237: 5232: 5231: 5230: 5220: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5187: 5186: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5139: 5132: 5124: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5097: 5090: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5078: 5065: 5060: 5053: 5046: 5041: 5034: 5029: 5021: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4974: 4967: 4960: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4932: 4930: 4923: 4913: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4849: 4847: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4792:New Millennium 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4763: 4761: 4754: 4747: 4746: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4708: 4706: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4680: 4675: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4634: 4632: 4625: 4617: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4603: 4602: 4597: 4587: 4586: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4524: 4523: 4513: 4508: 4507: 4506: 4501: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4465: 4459: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4435: 4429: 4423: 4417: 4411: 4405: 4399: 4393: 4387: 4380: 4378: 4365: 4358: 4357: 4352: 4350: 4349: 4342: 4335: 4327: 4318: 4317: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4299: 4294: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3992: 3985: 3978: 3971: 3964: 3957: 3950: 3943: 3936: 3929: 3922: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3704: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3445: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3426: 3419: 3412: 3404: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3391: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3248:Lunar Observer 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3196: 3191: 3183: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3167: 3160: 3153: 3146: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3072: 3070: 3063: 3057: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2978: 2972: 2965: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2916: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2904: 2903: 2902: 2891: 2884: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2872: 2864: 2856: 2848: 2840: 2832: 2824: 2817: 2808: 2806: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2636: 2630: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2539: 2537: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2504: 2497: 2490: 2483: 2476: 2468: 2466: 2460: 2459: 2457: 2456: 2451: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2410: 2409: 2402: 2395: 2382: 2380: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2270: 2268: 2262: 2261: 2259: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2217: 2215: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2043: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2026: 2025: 2018: 2011: 2004: 1997: 1990: 1983: 1975: 1973: 1966: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1953: 1952: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1936: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1845: 1839: 1834: 1828: 1826: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1722: 1721: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1674: 1672: 1664: 1663: 1654: 1652: 1651: 1644: 1637: 1629: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1613: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1576: 1574: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1556: 1555: 1549: 1539: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1519: 1518: 1512: 1505: 1503: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1493: 1487: 1480: 1479: 1473: 1466: 1464: 1458: 1457: 1455: 1454: 1448: 1441: 1439: 1433: 1432: 1430: 1429: 1423: 1417: 1411: 1405: 1398: 1396: 1387: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1204: 1202: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1170: 1168: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1132: 1127: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1102: 1098: 1097: 1091: 1089: 1088: 1081: 1074: 1066: 1057: 1056: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1045: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1008: 1005: 1004: 999: 997: 996: 989: 982: 974: 968: 967: 962: 957: 949: 948:External links 946: 943: 942: 928: 900: 889: 858: 835: 818:"Surveyor VII" 809: 798: 772: 746: 745: 743: 740: 739: 738: 733: 728: 726:Luna programme 723: 717: 716: 702: 686: 683: 674:electric motor 669:soil mechanics 664: 661: 629:energy spectra 619: 616: 615: 614: 611: 604: 602: 599: 592: 590: 584: 577: 575: 572: 565: 563: 560: 553: 551: 548: 541: 539: 536: 529: 527: 524: 517: 483: 482: 479: 476: 473: 470: 401: 398: 396: 393: 311: 310: 303: 297: 296: 289: 286: 285: 282: 281: 274:-41.01; -11.41 249: 245: 244: 241: 237: 236: 229: 228: 225: 224: 221: 220: 210: 206: 205: 204:End of mission 201: 200: 197: 196: 193: 192: 187:Cape Canaveral 184: 180: 179: 173: 169: 168: 157: 153: 152: 148: 147: 144: 143: 140: 139: 136: 132: 131: 128: 124: 123: 118: 114: 113: 109: 108: 105: 104: 101: 100: 97: 93: 92: 89: 80: 79: 65: 59: 58: 53: 49: 48: 42: 38: 37: 34: 33: 30: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5808: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5754: 5744: 5743: 5734: 5732: 5731: 5722: 5721: 5718: 5712: 5711:Nikon NASA F4 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5629: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5618: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5596:NASA insignia 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5576:Lunar plaques 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5566: 5562: 5560: 5559: 5555: 5553: 5552: 5548: 5546: 5545: 5541: 5539: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5529: 5528:Pale Blue Dot 5525: 5524: 5523: 5522: 5518: 5516: 5515: 5511: 5509: 5508: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5495: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5457: 5456:NASA missions 5454: 5452: 5451:NASA aircraft 5449: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5421: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5410: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5373:Space Network 5371: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5355: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5309: 5305: 5302: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5281: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5249: 5245: 5243: 5242: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5218: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5144: 5140: 5138: 5137: 5133: 5131: 5130: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5117: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5098: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5054: 5052: 5051: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5039: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5006:Space Shuttle 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4985: 4982: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4966: 4965: 4961: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4924: 4920: 4914: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4888:New Frontiers 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4844: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4797:Lunar Orbiter 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4758: 4755: 4752: 4748: 4738: 4737:Lunar Gateway 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4696:Constellation 4694: 4691: 4687: 4686: 4681: 4679: 4678:Space Shuttle 4676: 4673: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4605: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4591: 4588: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4560: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4517: 4516:NASA research 4514: 4512: 4509: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4388: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4348: 4343: 4341: 4336: 4334: 4329: 4328: 4325: 4314: 4310: 4304: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4292: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3997: 3993: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3977: 3976: 3972: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3956: 3955: 3951: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3942: 3941: 3937: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3803: 3802:Strela-2 No.3 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3665: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3558: 3557:DS-U1-Ya No.1 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3511: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3456: 3453: 3448: 3444: 3433: 3425: 3420: 3418: 3413: 3411: 3406: 3405: 3402: 3389: 3385: 3384: 3381: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3176: 3166: 3165: 3161: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3152: 3151: 3147: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3058: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2958: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2901: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2823: 2822: 2821:Lunar Gateway 2818: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2798: 2792: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2701:Lunar IceCube 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2641: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2503: 2502: 2498: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2482: 2481: 2477: 2475: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2464:Sample return 2461: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2401: 2400: 2396: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2388: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2375: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2087:Chandrayaan-3 2085: 2083: 2082:Chandrayaan-1 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2044: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2036: 2034: 2030: 2023: 2019: 2017: 2016: 2012: 2010: 2009: 2005: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1982: 1981: 1977: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1961: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1842:Chandrayaan-2 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1820: 1814: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1698:Lunar Orbiter 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1638: 1636: 1631: 1630: 1627: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1470:Blue Ghost M1 1468: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1322:Chandrayaan-2 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1215:Chandrayaan-3 1213: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1162: 1158: 1148: 1145: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1110: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1093:Lunar landing 1087: 1082: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1054: 1049: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1002: 995: 990: 988: 983: 981: 976: 975: 972: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956:, reprocessed 955: 952: 951: 947: 938: 932: 929: 921: 920: 913: 911: 909: 907: 905: 901: 898: 893: 890: 877: 873: 869: 862: 859: 846: 839: 836: 823: 819: 813: 810: 806: 802: 799: 787:on 2010-02-07 786: 782: 776: 773: 760: 754: 752: 748: 741: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 718: 714: 703: 700: 689: 684: 682: 679: 675: 670: 662: 660: 656: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 625: 617: 608: 603: 596: 591: 587: 581: 576: 569: 564: 557: 552: 545: 540: 533: 528: 521: 516: 514: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 487: 480: 477: 474: 471: 468: 467: 466: 463: 461: 460:tape recorder 457: 452: 451:dynamic range 448: 444: 439: 434: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 406: 399: 394: 392: 391: 387: 382: 380: 376: 371: 367: 363: 361: 357: 356:lunar surface 347: 343: 340: 335: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 307: → 306: 301: 298:←  294: 293: 287: 283: 278: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 211: 207: 202: 198: 194: 191: 188: 185: 181: 177: 174: 170: 158: 154: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 122: 119: 115: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 88: 81: 76: 70: 66: 64: 60: 57: 54: 50: 47: 43: 39: 35: 28: 23: 5753: 5741: 5729: 5563: 5556: 5550: 5542: 5535: 5526: 5519: 5512: 5505: 5336: 5285:Perseverance 5284: 5246: 5239: 5216: 5176: 5159: 5143:New Horizons 5141: 5134: 5127: 5100: 5092: 5068: 5056: 5049: 5036: 5024: 5016: 4977: 4969: 4962: 4955: 4684: 4668:Apollo–Soyuz 4312: 4308: 4289: 4217: 4150: 4123: 4051: 3994: 3987: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3959: 3954:Gridsphere R 3952: 3947:Gridsphere B 3945: 3940:Gridsphere 2 3938: 3933:Gridsphere 1 3931: 3924: 3917: 3800: 3740:Sfera No.12L 3738: 3706: 3699: 3662: 3555: 3510:E-6LS No.112 3508: 3458: 3387: 3238:Lunar Lander 3225: 3198: 3186: 3162: 3155: 3148: 3141: 3042:(late 2020s) 2868:Artemis VIII 2866: 2858: 2850: 2842: 2834: 2826: 2819: 2811: 2646:Chang'e 5-T1 2638: 2506: 2499: 2492: 2485: 2478: 2471: 2404: 2397: 2390: 2351: 2273: 2052: 2045: 2038: 2013: 2006: 1999: 1992: 1985: 1978: 1848:Chang'e 5-T1 1761:South Korean 1291: 1041: 931: 918: 892: 880:. Retrieved 876:the original 871: 866:Wade, Mark. 861: 849:. Retrieved 838: 826:. Retrieved 821: 812: 801: 789:. Retrieved 785:the original 775: 763:. Retrieved 759:"Surveyor 7" 666: 657: 621: 491:argon lasers 488: 484: 464: 435: 418:focal length 411: 383: 372: 368: 364: 360:crater Tycho 352: 336: 332:soft landing 315: 314: 304: 290: 248:Landing site 240:Landing date 209:Last contact 135:Landing mass 117:Manufacturer 41:Mission type 5571:Deep fields 5499:and artwork 5497:NASA images 5069:Opportunity 4538:NASA Social 4364:and history 3898:Explorer 40 3893:Explorer 39 3833:Explorer 38 3664:7K-L1 No.7L 3551:Explorer 37 3464:Explorer 36 3268:OrbitBeyond 3178:Cancelled / 3046:Argonaut M1 3004:Beresheet 2 2992:Hakuto-R M2 2860:Artemis VII 2828:Artemis III 2666:Longjiang-1 2560:Hakuto-R M1 2123:Longjiang-2 2098:Explorer 35 1742:Chandrayaan 1668:Exploration 1605:OrbitBeyond 1542:Hakuto-R M2 1532:Beresheet 2 1327:Hakuto-R M1 872:Astronautix 868:"Apollo 20" 765:December 2, 272: / 183:Launch site 156:Launch date 127:Launch mass 5760:Categories 5659:Moon rocks 5419:Astronauts 5412:NASA lists 5269:OSIRIS-REx 5103:helicopter 4971:Pioneer 11 4964:Pioneer 10 4767:Hitchhiker 4642:suborbital 4479:Space Race 4297:Kosmos 262 4285:Kosmos 261 4275:Kosmos 260 4265:Kosmos 259 4250:Kosmos 258 4230:Kosmos 257 4225:Kosmos 256 4213:Kosmos 255 4208:Kosmos 254 4198:Kosmos 253 4168:Kosmos 252 4163:Kosmos 251 4158:Kosmos 250 4136:Kosmos 249 4131:Kosmos 248 4119:Kosmos 247 4114:Kosmos 246 4094:Kosmos 245 4089:Kosmos 244 4064:Kosmos 243 4059:Kosmos 242 4037:Kosmos 241 4027:Kosmos 240 4017:Kosmos 239 4012:Kosmos 238 4007:Kosmos 237 4002:Kosmos 236 3919:Orbiscal 1 3903:Kosmos 235 3873:Kosmos 234 3868:Kosmos 233 3863:Kosmos 232 3848:Kosmos 231 3838:Kosmos 230 3828:Kosmos 229 3823:Kosmos 228 3808:Kosmos 227 3756:Kosmos 226 3751:Kosmos 225 3734:Kosmos 224 3729:Kosmos 223 3724:Kosmos 222 3719:Kosmos 221 3690:Kosmos 220 3680:Kosmos 219 3675:Kosmos 218 3670:Kosmos 217 3653:Kosmos 216 3648:Kosmos 215 3643:Kosmos 214 3633:Kosmos 213 3628:Kosmos 212 3623:Kosmos 211 3598:Kosmos 210 3593:Kosmos 209 3588:Kosmos 208 3583:Kosmos 207 3568:Kosmos 206 3546:Kosmos 205 3541:Kosmos 204 3521:Kosmos 203 3516:Kosmos 202 3504:Kosmos 201 3484:Kosmos 200 3469:Kosmos 199 3459:Surveyor 7 3278:Prospector 3253:Lunokhod 3 3126:Moon Diver 3121:McCandless 3034:MoonRanger 2852:Artemis VI 2836:Artemis IV 2813:Artemis II 2711:Mariner 10 2600:Surveyor 2 2595:OMOTENASHI 2414:Lunokhod 1 2332:Surveyor 1 2093:Clementine 1610:McCandless 1372:Surveyor 2 1362:OMOTENASHI 1272:Surveyor 1 1042:Surveyor 7 1037:Surveyor 6 1032:Surveyor 5 1027:Surveyor 4 1022:Surveyor 3 1017:Surveyor 2 1012:Surveyor 1 791:2010-03-31 742:References 678:pantograph 400:Television 370:21, 1968. 316:Surveyor 7 300:Surveyor 6 216:1968-02-22 167: UTC 20:Surveyor 7 5686:Moon tree 5507:Earthrise 5382:Goldstone 5279:Mars 2020 5248:Voyager 2 5241:Voyager 1 5177:Curiosity 5121:operating 5119:Currently 5101:Ingenuity 5038:MESSENGER 5017:Sojourner 4946:Mercury 3 4936:Apollo 11 4883:Discovery 4873:Explorers 4462:Augustine 4426:Augustine 4309:underline 4183:Pioneer 9 3293:Ukrselena 3143:DSE-Alpha 3101:Garatéa-L 3091:Blue Moon 3086:Artemis-7 3010:ispace M3 2975:Chang'e 8 2969:Chang'e 7 2912:Luna-Glob 2844:Artemis V 2726:Pioneer 4 2716:NEA Scout 2691:LunaH-Map 2640:Apollo 13 2550:Beresheet 2529:Chang'e 5 2473:Apollo 11 2392:Apollo 15 2282:Chang'e 5 2213:Impactors 2067:Chang'e 1 2062:Artemis I 1980:Apollo 11 1908:Chang'e 3 1864:Queqiao 1 1778:Luna-Glob 1501:Luna-Glob 1402:Artemis 3 1367:Peregrine 1317:Beresheet 1312:Apollo 13 1220:Chang'e 3 1174:Apollo 11 1130:Chang'e 6 1125:Chang'e 4 586:Vesicular 447:bandwidth 386:Moon dust 379:Apollo 17 375:Apollo 20 326:uncrewed 69:1968-001A 63:COSPAR ID 5730:Category 5392:Canberra 5304:timeline 5292:timeline 5228:timeline 5184:timeline 5081:observed 5076:timeline 5044:Aquarius 4984:timeline 4957:Magellan 4919:missions 4817:Surveyor 4753:programs 4683:Shuttle– 4624:programs 4456:Aldridge 4375:creation 4291:Apollo 8 4260:OPS 7684 4255:OPS 4740 4235:OPS 6518 4203:Proton 4 4178:OPS 5296 4173:OPS 1315 4141:OPS 4078 4125:Apollo 7 4109:OPS 0964 4047:OPS 8595 4042:OPS 0165 4022:OPS 5247 3982:SECOR 12 3975:SECOR 11 3888:OPS 5955 3883:OPS 5187 3878:OPS 2222 3818:OPS 5259 3813:OPS 5343 3796:IDCSP 27 3791:IDCSP 26 3786:IDCSP 25 3781:IDCSP 24 3776:IDCSP 23 3771:IDCSP 22 3766:IDCSP 21 3761:IDCSP 20 3746:OPS 5138 3714:OPS 7869 3708:SECOR 10 3701:Nimbus B 3685:OPS 1419 3638:OPS 5165 3603:Apollo 6 3578:OPS 7076 3573:OPS 4849 3563:OPS 5057 3526:OPS 7034 3499:OPS 6236 3494:OPS 2243 3489:Apollo 5 3479:OPS 5028 3474:OPS 1965 3288:SELENE-2 3263:MoonRise 3258:MoonLITE 3180:concepts 3106:ISOCHRON 3062:missions 3060:Proposed 2796:missions 2731:Ranger 5 2363:EagleCam 2236:Ranger 4 2040:Apollo 8 2032:Orbiters 1965:missions 1950:ArgoMoon 1882:Tiandu-1 1837:CAPSTONE 1825:Orbiters 1818:missions 1800:Lunokhod 1749:Japanese 1718:Surveyor 1678:American 1671:programs 1566:Proposed 1140:EagleCam 1095:missions 882:11 April 851:11 April 828:11 April 685:See also 645:hydrogen 456:phosphor 324:American 292:Surveyor 52:Operator 5742:Commons 5620:Related 5429:by year 5424:by name 5201:GOES 15 5191:GOES 14 5108:flights 5094:InSight 5050:Cassini 4978:Galileo 4903:SIMPLEx 4878:Voyager 4846:Current 4802:Pioneer 4772:Mariner 4751:Robotic 4732:Artemis 4705:Current 4648:Mercury 4640: ( 4533:NASA TV 4472:General 4371:History 4313:italics 4152:Soyuz 3 4146:Soyuz 2 4099:ESRO-1A 3695:ESRO-2B 3618:Luna 14 3388:italics 3312:Related 3233:Lunar-A 3111:LunaNet 3069:Robotic 3036:(2020s) 3030:(2020s) 3024:(2020s) 2998:DESTINY 2952:(2030s) 2950:Luna 31 2946:(2030s) 2944:Luna 30 2940:(2030s) 2938:Luna 29 2932:Luna 28 2926:Luna 27 2920:Luna 26 2896:(2025) 2804:Artemis 2794:Planned 2656:Galileo 2651:Geotail 2514:Luna 16 2454:Jinchan 2266:Landers 2198:SMART-1 2128:Luna 10 1901:Landers 1892:ICUBE-Q 1844:Orbiter 1832:ARTEMIS 1773:Russian 1730:Chang'e 1725:Chinese 1708:Pioneer 1688:Artemis 1658:to the 1590:Firefly 1580:Redwire 1548:, 2024) 1538:, 2025) 1536:SpaceIL 1509:Luna 27 1394:Artemis 1386:Planned 1208:Robotic 1118:Robotic 847:. Wired 653:lithium 637:protons 631:of the 499:Arizona 430:azimuth 414:vidicon 260:11°25′W 257:41°01′S 214: ( 161: ( 84:SATCAT 5387:Madrid 5320:Future 5235:NuSTAR 5166:THEMIS 5088:RHESSI 5025:Spirit 4822:Viking 4812:Ranger 4663:Skylab 4658:Apollo 4653:Gemini 4511:Budget 4464:(2009) 4458:(2004) 4452:(2004) 4446:(2003) 4440:(2002) 4438:CFUSAI 4434:(1996) 4428:(1990) 4422:(1989) 4416:(1987) 4410:(1986) 4408:Rogers 4404:(1986) 4398:(1958) 4392:(1958) 4386:(1915) 4362:Policy 4270:ESSA-8 4240:HEOS-1 4193:Zond 6 4188:ERS-31 4084:ERS-28 4079:ERS-21 4032:Zond 5 3989:Radcat 3913:ESSA-7 3858:OV1-16 3853:OV1-15 3613:OV1-14 3608:OV1-13 3531:Zond 4 3447:1969 → 3432:← 1967 3188:Altair 3135:Crewed 3048:(2031) 3018:(2026) 3012:(2026) 3006:(2025) 3000:(2025) 2994:(2024) 2985:Others 2977:(2028) 2971:(2026) 2934:(2030) 2928:(2028) 2922:(2027) 2890:(2024) 2871:(2033) 2863:(2032) 2855:(2031) 2847:(2030) 2839:(2028) 2831:(2026) 2816:(2025) 2781:PAS-22 2756:Zond 3 2736:STEREO 2721:Nozomi 2671:Luna 1 2626:Flybys 2610:Vikram 2565:Luna 5 2448:Sora-Q 2378:Rovers 2357:Vikram 2292:Luna 9 2226:Luna 2 2221:LCROSS 1943:Flybys 1934:Yutu-2 1927:Rovers 1854:Danuri 1816:Active 1790:Crewed 1785:Soviet 1766:Danuri 1737:Indian 1713:Ranger 1683:Apollo 1600:MoonEx 1595:Masten 1585:Draper 1554:(2026) 1546:ispace 1525:Others 1517:(2030) 1511:(2028) 1492:(2025) 1486:(2025) 1478:(2026) 1472:(2024) 1453:(2028) 1447:(2026) 1428:(2032) 1422:(2031) 1416:(2030) 1410:(2028) 1404:(2026) 1332:Luna 5 1305:Failed 1230:Luna 9 1167:Crewed 1108:Crewed 1101:Active 651:, and 649:helium 624:curium 235:lander 190:LC-36A 172:Rocket 46:lander 44:Lunar 5332:NISAR 5287:rover 5259:MAVEN 5179:rover 5160:Swift 5071:rover 5032:LADEE 5027:rover 5019:rover 4996:GRAIL 4991:GALEX 4782:MESUR 4727:Orion 4528:NASA+ 4504:Chief 4402:Paine 4245:OAO-2 4219:STV-1 4074:OV2-5 4069:LES-6 3996:P68-1 3968:LIDOS 3961:LCS-3 3926:OV5-8 3908:ATS-4 3536:OGO-5 3303:VIPER 3096:BOLAS 3081:ALINA 2706:LunIR 2444:LEV-2 2439:LEV-1 2193:PFS-2 2188:PFS-1 2118:LADEE 2113:Hiten 2108:GRAIL 923:(PDF) 493:from 339:maria 233:Lunar 178:AC-15 91:03091 5311:PACE 5254:WISE 5217:Juno 5057:Dawn 5001:WMAP 4941:COBE 4929:Past 4760:Past 4638:X-15 4631:Past 4444:CAIB 4414:Ride 4384:NACA 4354:NASA 3440:1968 3298:XL-1 3028:CU-E 2961:CLEP 2894:IM-2 2880:CLPS 2751:Wind 2746:WMAP 2741:TESS 2424:Yutu 2368:IM-1 1963:Past 1918:SLIM 1805:Zond 1795:Luna 1693:CLPS 1660:Moon 1573:CLPS 1490:IM-3 1484:IM-2 1462:CLPS 1437:CLEP 1160:Past 1147:SLIM 1135:IM-1 1112:none 884:2021 853:2021 830:2021 767:2022 667:The 501:and 320:Moon 305:None 56:NASA 5264:MMS 4685:Mir 3221:LEO 2661:ICE 505:in 497:in 86:no. 5762:: 3227:LK 2634:4M 2590:25 2585:18 2580:15 2524:24 2519:20 2508:17 2501:16 2494:15 2487:14 2480:12 2406:17 2399:16 2327:24 2322:23 2317:21 2312:20 2307:17 2302:16 2297:13 2278:×6 2153:22 2148:19 2143:14 2138:12 2133:11 2103:49 2047:10 2015:17 2008:16 2001:15 1994:14 1987:12 1552:M3 1515:28 1476:M2 1357:25 1352:18 1347:15 1265:24 1260:23 1255:21 1250:20 1245:17 1240:16 1235:13 1199:17 1194:16 1189:15 1184:14 1179:12 903:^ 870:. 820:. 750:^ 647:, 513:. 362:. 5630:" 5626:" 5399:) 5380:( 4692:) 4674:) 4644:) 4377:) 4373:( 4346:e 4339:t 4332:v 3423:e 3416:t 3409:v 3390:. 2776:8 2771:7 2766:6 2761:5 2686:6 2681:4 2676:3 2605:4 2575:8 2570:7 2534:6 2450:) 2446:( 2419:2 2352:7 2347:6 2342:5 2337:3 2287:6 2256:9 2251:8 2246:7 2241:6 2178:5 2173:4 2168:3 2163:2 2077:5 2072:2 2024:) 2020:( 1913:4 1887:2 1877:2 1873:) 1870:2 1868:L 1648:e 1641:t 1634:v 1544:( 1534:( 1451:8 1445:7 1426:7 1420:6 1414:5 1408:4 1377:4 1342:8 1337:7 1292:7 1287:6 1282:5 1277:3 1225:5 1085:e 1078:t 1071:v 993:e 986:t 979:v 939:. 886:. 855:. 832:. 794:. 769:. 218:) 165:)

Index


lander
NASA
COSPAR ID
1968-001A
Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.
Hughes Aircraft
Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
Cape Canaveral
LC-36A
Lunar
41°01′S 11°25′W / 41.01°S 11.41°W / -41.01; -11.41
Surveyor
Surveyor 6
Moon
American
Surveyor program
soft landing
maria

lunar surface
crater Tycho
Apollo 20
Apollo 17
Moon dust
Lunar horizon glow

vidicon
focal length

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