104:. The radio case curved inward in the middle so that a user seated in an inflatable life boat could hold it stationary, between the thighs, while the generator handle was turned. The distress signal, in Morse code, was produced automatically as the crank handle was turned. An NS2 unit was captured by the British in 1941, who produced a copy, the Dinghy Transmitter T-1333. Britain gave a second captured unit to the United States, which produced its own copy, the SCR-578.
85:
1961:
1971:
1950:
1981:
22:
209:
international satellite system for search and rescue. Each 406 MHz beacon has a unique digital ID code. Users are required to register the code with the Cospas-Sarsat, allowing inquiries to be made when a distress signal is picked up. Some advanced models can transmit a location derived from an
161:
to be effective. Early devices included the
British Walter, a compact single vacuum tube oscillator design operating at 177 MHz (1.7 meter wavelength), and the German Jäger (NS-4), a two-tube master oscillator power amplifier design at 58.5 and, later, 42 MHz. These were small enough to
40:. Civil and military organisation's utilized different frequencies to communicate and no infringement on either sector would take place. For emergencies involving civilian aircraft, the radio frequency used is VHF 121.5 MHz and for military aircraft incidents, the frequency used is UHF 243 MHz.
75:
s sinking. However, due to its wavelength of 600 meters, a long antenna was required to achieve good range. Long wires on the order of 1/4 wavelength held up by kites or balloons were often used. Spark-gap continued to be used in lifeboats long after the technology was banned for general
413:- Subminiaturized, completely transistorized UHF radio sets consisting of a crystal-controlled receiver-transmitter, a 16-volt dry battery, and a power cable assembly. The unit operates on one channel in the 240–260 megahertz (1.2–1.2 m) band, usually at 243 megahertz (1.23 m).
368:
Rescue Radio, replaced the PRC-90, PRC-112 and PRC-125 for non-combat use. Includes GPS and Cospas-Sarsat beacon. Operates on 121.5 megahertz (2.47 m), 243.0 megahertz (1.234 m), 282.8 megahertz (1.060 m) and 406.025 megahertz (0.738360 m). Built by
312:- Vietnam War era airman rescue set. AN/PRC-90-1 and AN/PRC-90-2 are improved, repairable versions. Operates on 243 and 282.8 MHz AM. The PRC-90 also included a beacon mode, and a tone generator to allow the sending of Morse Code.
558:
A vacuum tube "master oscillator power amplifier" radio design combines the functions of an oscillator and amplifier in the same tube or tubes to reduce parts count, weight and power consumption, and improve
118:, and a balloon with a small hydrogen generator, for which the flying line was the aerial wire. Power was provided by a hand cranked generator. The transmitter component was the BC-778. The frequency was
71:, the international distress frequency at the time. This frequency had the advantage of long range due to ground-wave propagation and was constantly monitored by all large ships at sea after the
2015:
476:
446:
202:
2005:
1933:
1905:
1900:
925:
265:
Military organizations still issue pilots and other combat personnel individual survival radios, which have become increasingly sophisticated, with built-in
2030:
773:
801:
137:
A post-World War II version, the AN/CRT-3, which added a frequency in the 8 MHz range, was in use by ships and civil aircraft until the mid 1970s.
2010:
471:
1927:
456:
219:
218:
receiver. Maritime practice has shifted from rescue radios on 500 kHz distress frequency (which is no longer officially monitored) to the
37:
1922:
1912:
1892:
1694:
383:
Combat
Survivor/Evader Locator (CSEL) combines selective availability GPS, UHF line of sight and UHF satellite communications along with a
387:
beacon. It can send predefined messages digitally along with the user's location. As of 2008, the PRQ-7 cost $ 7000 each. A rechargeable
1917:
1763:
867:
277:" followed by the model number, eg. "Prick-25," and "URC" radios were called an "Erk." United States military survival radios include:
1689:
587:
2035:
1783:
841:
32:
are carried by pilots and search and rescue teams to facilitate rescue in an emergency. They are generally designed to transmit on
1568:
1116:
918:
33:
2020:
1679:
741:
242:
1674:
1225:
515:
258:
497:
1699:
466:
227:
194:
105:
1984:
2025:
1974:
1735:
1632:
1175:
942:
270:
266:
178:
1964:
1471:
911:
425:- (Air Force), 4 frequency rescue sets. Four crystal controlled channels between 225–285 megahertz (1.33–1.05 m)
727:
665:
1823:
1745:
1684:
1391:
1595:
1556:
1401:
1301:
1230:
1163:
990:
337:
134:
for frequency control were a scarce item for the U.S. during the war and the SCR-578 was not crystal-controlled.
48:
The use of radio to aid in rescuing survivors of accidents at sea came to the forefront after the sinking of the
2040:
1954:
1196:
1131:
1084:
970:
805:
441:
391:
battery pack cost $ 1600, while a non-rechargeable lithium-manganese dioxide unit cost $ 1520. As of Oct, 2011
324:- Offers Synthesized radio in the VHF and UHF aircraft bands. A PRC-112 and a hand held GPS were used by Capt.
238:
1793:
1778:
1622:
1573:
1496:
1396:
1074:
960:
955:
709:
1715:
1501:
1316:
1261:
1256:
1069:
1034:
1617:
1421:
1386:
1306:
1286:
1208:
1096:
1017:
246:
56:
356:
can communicate with satellites as well. Over 31,000 radios in the PRC-112 family have been produced.
1531:
1491:
1461:
1218:
1153:
1044:
241:
that do not use the 406 MHz Cospas-Sarsat system, including man-overboard beacons that transmit
193:
on board went down in 1972 and could not be found, the U.S. began requiring all aircraft to carry an
122:
at 4.8 watts, giving it a range of 200 miles (300 km; 200 nmi). Keying could be automatic
1541:
1481:
1240:
1202:
1059:
1000:
985:
201:
signals on the 121.5 MHz aircraft emergency frequency. These are being phased out in favor of
150:
407:- Operating at 243 megahertz (1.23 m), "A" versions replaced one audio tube with transistors.
1768:
1725:
1656:
1526:
1456:
1431:
1366:
1213:
934:
165:
Post-war designs included the
British Search And Rescue And Homing beacon (SARAH) beacon made by
131:
101:
1808:
1730:
1644:
1627:
1590:
1476:
1436:
1266:
1235:
1101:
995:
767:
166:
146:
84:
871:
1813:
1773:
1753:
1720:
1649:
1607:
1521:
1376:
1361:
1336:
1311:
1271:
1121:
980:
975:
965:
353:
325:
231:
893:
197:(ELT) that would turn on automatically in the event of a crash. Initially these units sent
1441:
1296:
1064:
1027:
451:
198:
174:
170:
60:
1039:
845:
273:(GPS) receivers, and satellite communication. In slang terms "PRC" radios were called a "
787:
694:
608:
1639:
1511:
1486:
1446:
1416:
1291:
1126:
1012:
827:
154:
1999:
1788:
1561:
1551:
1466:
1356:
1351:
1341:
1326:
1148:
1007:
345:
223:
206:
748:
96:
500 kHz rescue radio, the "Notsender" (emergency transmitter) NS2. It used two
1666:
1506:
1451:
1381:
1346:
1281:
1180:
1170:
1022:
158:
519:
1866:
1516:
1426:
1411:
1371:
1331:
1190:
461:
388:
110:
97:
93:
49:
1871:
1578:
1276:
1185:
1141:
1111:
1089:
1079:
1054:
190:
64:
569:
177:
space flight, the U.S. AN/URC-4 and the Soviet R 855U. These operated on the
1856:
1321:
1136:
541:
374:
341:
401:- Operates at 121.5 megahertz (2.47 m) and 243 megahertz (1.23 m)
114:
because of its hourglass shape, it was supplied with a fold-up metal frame
1851:
1841:
1758:
1583:
1406:
669:
115:
1846:
1831:
894:"Boeing Delivers 50,000th CSEL Search and Rescue Communications System"
647:
370:
215:
119:
68:
21:
336:, initially known as the Hook-112, is a PRC-112 modified to include a
153:
radios into use. The much shorter wavelengths of VHF allowed a simple
1876:
1836:
1158:
950:
903:
392:
384:
329:
108:
aircraft carried the SCR-578 on over-water operations. Nicknamed the
1861:
1798:
1106:
256:
205:
that use a 406.025 MHz signal, which can be picked up by the
83:
20:
728:"Product Details - AN/PRC-112G Transceiver - AN/PRC-112 Overview"
1803:
907:
257:
1049:
211:
127:
123:
498:"MHS - Marconi Collection - Catalogue inventory number 59677"
162:
include in life rafts used on single-seat fighter aircraft.
181:
of 121.5 and 243 MHz (2.5 and 1.2 meter wavelengths).
377:
batteries, unlike other units that took special batteries.
16:
Small radios carried to facilitate rescue in an emergency
284:- World War II era set, 140.58 megahertz (2.1325 m)
842:"Boeing: Combat Survivor Evader Locator (CSEL) Home"
36:. Maritime systems have been standardized under the
1885:
1822:
1744:
1708:
1665:
1606:
1540:
1249:
941:
689:
687:
642:
477:List of military electronics of the United States
447:Emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station
169:, used in the location and recovery of astronaut
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
295:- Navy rescue sets, 243 megahertz (1.23 m).
328:when he was rescued after being shot down over
919:
8:
1934:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
419:- Operates at 121.5 megahertz (2.47 m)
344:position information to be sent. Also has
1970:
926:
912:
904:
2016:Military electronics of the United States
472:Joint Electronics Type Designation System
92:During World War II, Germany developed a
516:"Marconi lifeboat transmitter type 241c"
63:Type 241, c. 1920. These operated using
828:"Combat Survivor/Evader Locator (CSEL)"
710:"Combat Survivor/Evader Locator (CSEL)"
570:"Wireless for the Warrior. Gibson Girl"
542:"Wireless for the Warrior. Gibson Girl"
488:
88:BC-778 "Gibson Girl" radio transmitter.
772:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
765:
457:Global Maritime Distress Safety System
220:Global Maritime Distress Safety System
149:in World War II brought line-of-sight
126:(including the 4-second long dash for
55:in 1912. Lifeboats were equipped with
38:Global Maritime Distress Safety System
2006:History of radio in the United States
226:system and other measures, including
7:
1980:
318:- (Air Force) Rescue Swimmer Radio.
431:- (Army), 4 frequency rescue sets.
34:international distress frequencies
14:
2031:World War II American electronics
695:"AN/PRC-125 Rescue Swimmer Radio"
2011:International telecommunications
1979:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1948:
1569:Free-space optical communication
609:"Hale Boggs - Missing in Alaska"
648:"U.S. Military Portable Radios"
243:Automatic identification system
237:There are many other types of
179:aircraft emergency frequencies
1:
802:"CRM: Ditching into the Deep"
467:Search and Rescue Transponder
362:(Navy) Rescue Swimmer Radio.
253:U.S. Military survival radios
195:Emergency Locator Transmitter
106:United States Army Air Forces
1955:Telecommunication portal
1736:Telecommunications equipment
395:has delivered 50,000 PRQ-7s.
373:, the PRC-149 uses standard
271:Global Positioning Satellite
267:Distance Measuring Equipment
222:, which includes use of the
1472:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
788:"AN/PRC-149 Survival Radio"
595:msquair.files.wordpress.com
2057:
1176:Telecommunications history
1943:
1784:Public Switched Telephone
1596:telecommunication circuit
1557:Fiber-optic communication
1302:Francis Blake (telephone)
1097:Optical telecommunication
348:beacon. The latest model
239:emergency locator beacons
189:After a light plane with
25:An AN/PRC-90 rescue radio
2036:World War II electronics
1695:Orbital angular-momentum
1132:Satellite communications
971:Communications satellite
442:Emergency locator beacon
261:An AN/CRC-7 rescue radio
185:Automated beacon systems
145:The use of aircraft for
1574:Molecular communication
1397:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1226:Undersea telegraph line
961:Cable protection system
2021:Military radio systems
1716:Communication protocol
1502:Charles Sumner Tainter
1317:Walter Houser Brattain
1262:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1070:Information revolution
714:www.globalsecurity.org
666:"The AN/PRC-90 Legacy"
262:
247:Avalanche transceivers
89:
57:spark gap transmitters
26:
1690:Polarization-division
1422:Narinder Singh Kapany
1387:Erna Schneider Hoover
1307:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1287:Alexander Graham Bell
1018:online video platform
868:"Boeing: IT Products"
306:- Smallest set built.
260:
87:
24:
1532:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1492:Almon Brown Strowger
1462:Charles Grafton Page
1117:Prepaid mobile phone
1045:Electrical telegraph
191:two U.S. congressmen
2026:Military technology
1482:Johann Philipp Reis
1241:Wireless revolution
1203:The Telephone Cases
1060:Hydraulic telegraph
848:on 19 December 2008
754:on 28 November 2007
672:on 31 December 1999
522:on 21 November 2008
496:Bruton, Elizabeth.
340:receiver, allowing
1680:Frequency-division
1657:Telephone exchange
1527:Charles Wheatstone
1457:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1432:Innocenzo Manzetti
1367:Reginald Fessenden
1102:Optical telegraphy
935:Telecommunications
808:on 23 October 2008
263:
228:radar transponders
102:crystal-controlled
90:
27:
1993:
1992:
1731:Store and forward
1726:Data transmission
1640:Network switching
1591:Transmission line
1437:Guglielmo Marconi
1402:Internet pioneers
1267:Mohamed M. Atalla
1236:Whistled language
874:on 6 January 2009
652:www.greenradio.de
613:www.check-six.com
232:marine VHF radios
167:Ultra Electronics
147:search and rescue
2048:
1983:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1824:Notable networks
1814:Wireless network
1754:Cellular network
1746:Types of network
1721:Computer network
1608:Network topology
1522:Thomas A. Watson
1377:Oliver Heaviside
1362:Philo Farnsworth
1337:Daniel Davis Jr.
1312:Charles Bourseul
1272:John Logie Baird
981:Data compression
976:Computer network
928:
921:
914:
905:
898:
897:
890:
884:
883:
881:
879:
870:. Archived from
864:
858:
857:
855:
853:
844:. Archived from
838:
832:
831:
824:
818:
817:
815:
813:
804:. Archived from
798:
792:
791:
784:
778:
777:
771:
763:
761:
759:
753:
747:. Archived from
746:
738:
732:
731:
724:
718:
717:
705:
699:
698:
691:
682:
681:
679:
677:
668:. Archived from
662:
656:
655:
644:
617:
616:
605:
599:
598:
592:
584:
578:
577:
566:
560:
556:
550:
549:
538:
532:
531:
529:
527:
518:. Archived from
512:
506:
505:
502:www.mhs.ox.ac.uk
493:
354:General Dynamics
2056:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2041:Types of radios
1996:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1949:
1947:
1939:
1881:
1818:
1740:
1704:
1661:
1610:
1602:
1543:
1536:
1442:Robert Metcalfe
1297:Tim Berners-Lee
1245:
1065:Information Age
937:
932:
902:
901:
892:
891:
887:
877:
875:
866:
865:
861:
851:
849:
840:
839:
835:
826:
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821:
811:
809:
800:
799:
795:
786:
785:
781:
764:
757:
755:
751:
744:
742:"Archived copy"
740:
739:
735:
726:
725:
721:
707:
706:
702:
693:
692:
685:
675:
673:
664:
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581:
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563:
557:
553:
540:
539:
535:
525:
523:
514:
513:
509:
495:
494:
490:
485:
452:Distress signal
438:
255:
187:
171:Scott Carpenter
143:
82:
80:The Gibson Girl
76:communication.
46:
30:Survival radios
17:
12:
11:
5:
2054:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
1998:
1997:
1991:
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1712:
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1706:
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1703:
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1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1675:Space-division
1671:
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1654:
1653:
1652:
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1538:
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1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1512:Camille Tissot
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1487:Claude Shannon
1484:
1479:
1477:Tivadar Puskás
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1447:Antonio Meucci
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1417:Charles K. Kao
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1392:Harold Hopkins
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1292:Emile Berliner
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1231:Videotelephony
1228:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1129:
1127:Radiotelephone
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
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1092:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
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1057:
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1020:
1015:
1013:Internet video
1005:
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1003:
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402:
396:
378:
363:
357:
319:
313:
307:
301:
296:
290:
285:
254:
251:
230:and hand-held
186:
183:
142:
139:
130:), or manual.
81:
78:
45:
42:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2053:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1986:
1978:
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1968:
1966:
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1956:
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1935:
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1707:
1701:
1700:Code-division
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
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1685:Time-division
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1611:and switching
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1562:optical fiber
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1552:Coaxial cable
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1467:Radia Perlman
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1357:Lee de Forest
1355:
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1352:Thomas Edison
1350:
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1342:Donald Davies
1340:
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1327:Claude Chappe
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1171:Smoke signals
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1149:Semiconductor
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1008:Digital media
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346:Cospas-Sarsat
343:
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326:Scott O'Grady
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35:
31:
23:
19:
1667:Multiplexing
1542:Transmission
1507:Nikola Tesla
1497:Henry Sutton
1452:Samuel Morse
1382:Robert Hooke
1347:Amos Dolbear
1282:John Bardeen
1201:
1181:Telautograph
1085:Mobile phone
1040:Edholm's law
1023:social media
956:Broadcasting
888:
876:. Retrieved
872:the original
862:
850:. Retrieved
846:the original
836:
822:
810:. Retrieved
806:the original
796:
782:
756:. Retrieved
749:the original
736:
722:
713:
708:Pike, John.
703:
674:. Retrieved
670:the original
660:
651:
612:
603:
594:
582:
573:
564:
559:reliability.
554:
545:
536:
524:. Retrieved
520:the original
510:
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491:
428:
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398:
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365:
359:
349:
333:
321:
315:
309:
303:
298:
292:
287:
281:
274:
264:
245:beacons and
236:
188:
164:
159:whip antenna
144:
136:
109:
98:vacuum tubes
91:
72:
59:such as the
51:
47:
29:
28:
18:
1867:NPL network
1579:Radio waves
1517:Alfred Vail
1427:Hedy Lamarr
1412:Dawon Kahng
1372:Elisha Gray
1332:Yogen Dalal
1257:Nasir Ahmed
1191:Teleprinter
1055:Heliographs
878:23 December
852:23 December
812:23 December
758:23 December
676:23 December
526:24 December
462:Human power
389:lithium-ion
352:, built by
350:AN/PRC-112G
334:AN/PRC-112B
111:Gibson Girl
2000:Categories
1913:Antarctica
1872:Toasternet
1794:Television
1277:Paul Baran
1209:Television
1193:(teletype)
1186:Telegraphy
1164:transistor
1142:Phryctoria
1112:Photophone
1090:Smartphone
1080:Mass media
483:References
366:AN/PRC-149
360:AN/PRC-125
322:AN/PRC-112
316:AN/PRC-103
173:after his
94:hand-crank
65:Morse code
1897:Americas
1886:Locations
1857:Internet2
1618:Bandwidth
1322:Vint Cerf
1219:streaming
1197:Telephone
1137:Semaphore
1028:streaming
588:"Results"
429:AN/URC-68
423:AN/URC-64
417:AN/URC-14
411:AN/URC-10
405:AN/URC-11
342:encrypted
310:AN/PRC-90
304:AN/PRC-63
299:AN/PRC-49
293:AN/PRC-32
288:AN/PRC-17
210:internal
128:autoalarm
1965:Category
1852:Internet
1842:CYCLADES
1759:Ethernet
1709:Concepts
1633:terminal
1584:wireless
1407:Bob Kahn
1250:Pioneers
1075:Internet
966:Cable TV
768:cite web
436:See also
399:AN/URC-4
381:AN/PRQ-7
282:AN/CRC-7
132:Crystals
116:box kite
100:and was
73:Titanic'
1985:Commons
1975:Outline
1928:Oceania
1847:FidoNet
1832:ARPANET
1645:circuit
1214:digital
943:History
597:. 2011.
574:wftw.nl
546:wftw.nl
371:Tadiran
269:(DME),
216:GLONASS
175:Mercury
141:VHF era
120:500 kHz
69:500 kHz
61:Marconi
52:Titanic
44:History
1923:Europe
1893:Africa
1877:Usenet
1837:BITNET
1774:Mobile
1650:packet
1159:MOSFET
1154:device
951:Beacon
393:Boeing
385:SARSAT
375:D cell
332:. The
330:Bosnia
199:beacon
155:dipole
1906:South
1901:North
1862:JANET
1799:Telex
1789:Radio
1628:Nodes
1623:Links
1544:media
1122:Radio
1107:Pager
1035:Drums
1001:video
996:image
986:audio
752:(PDF)
745:(PDF)
591:(PDF)
275:Prick
1918:Asia
1804:UUCP
1764:ISDN
880:2008
854:2008
814:2008
774:link
760:2008
678:2008
528:2008
203:ELTs
50:RMS
1809:WAN
1779:NGN
1769:LAN
1050:Fax
991:DCT
338:GPS
214:or
212:GPS
157:or
151:VHF
124:SOS
67:on
2002::
770:}}
766:{{
712:.
686:^
650:.
621:^
611:.
593:.
572:.
544:.
500:.
249:.
234:.
1936:)
1932:(
927:e
920:t
913:v
896:.
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856:.
830:.
816:.
790:.
776:)
762:.
730:.
716:.
697:.
680:.
654:.
615:.
576:.
548:.
530:.
504:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
