65:
690:, wrote about them critically. He was "astonished" that such vessels "were employed to execute a service of such a nature". And that the vessels' "apartments just allowed room for sleeping places on each side, with a table in the intermediate place, at which four persons, with some difficulty, could sit, and were, in all other respects, the most ill calculated and unfit vessels which could possibly be imagined for such an expedition."
21:
616:
were transferred to
Acapulco in late December 1791 where they were fitted out for exploration under Malaspina's supervision. Both vessels handled poorly. There were many defects in their construction and both required strengthening. Carpenters made various fixes and alterations in Acapulco, but the
764:
and the task of occupying Bodega Bay or
Tomales Bay. Matute sailed from San Blas and arrived at Bodega Bay 64 days later, on 26 May 1793. He found the bay unoccupied but lacking wood near the shore for building a post. He also thought the bay too small for vessels larger than
769:. He therefore rejected Bodega Bay as a good site for a settlement. Matute then explored Tomales Bay and found it too shallow to be a decent harbor. By the end of 1793 the project of establishing a settlement north of California was abandoned.
64:
640:
was fitted with a new mainmast and a new foremast. To repair the vessels Bodega y Quadra had them hauled into a small cove the
Spanish called Caleta de Santa Cruz or Campo Santo.
444:
463:
as well, which was under construction at San Blas, and also that instead of sending
Mourelle two of his own officers, Galiano and Valdés, should be given the assignment.
1173:
526:, with both a square forecourse and a fore-and-aft one. During his voyage north, Galiano changed it to be fully brig-rigged. The main-mast and fore-mast both carried
602:
had a complement of twenty, including two commissioned officers, one soldier, three petty officers and tradesmen, seven seaman gunners, six seamen, and one servant.
336:, which were also engaged in exploring the Strait of Georgia. The two expeditions cooperated in surveying the complex channels between the Strait of Georgia and
788:
947:
varied but was usually somewhat smaller than the
English ton. For older ships it is difficult if not impossible to convert between English tons and Spanish
1158:
655:, which were also engaged in exploring the same area. The two expeditions shared information and sailed together for a while. They parted ways in the
570:
was replaced with one of
Malaspina's officers, Cayetano Valdés y Flores, while another, Dionisio Alcalá Galiano, was given command of the newly built
1163:
851:
473:
Manuel
Bastarrachea. Construction began on 23 September 1791 and was finished on 15 November 1791. The vessel was essentially identical to
369:
425:
in July 1791. Malaspina knew it was vital that another expedition be dispatched to explore the Strait of
Georgia more fully. Malaspina's
1153:
636:
were refitted and repaired at Nootka with the help of Bodega y Quadra, who had been assigned commandant at Nootka. Among other things,
1168:
20:
1095:
1018:
924:
891:
817:
725:
went south to the mouth of the
Columbia River and entered. Due to the dangerous bar it was decided an unsuitable place for a base.
582:). Galiano was given overall command of the expedition. Additional personnel from the Malaspina Expedition were assigned as well.
943:
is a unit of capacity of a ship's hold, roughly equivalent to
English terms ton, tonnage, or tons burthen. The exact size of a
488:
955:
507:
was 1.58 m (5.2 ft), forward, and 1.72 m (5.6 ft) aft. The keel's length was 13 m (43 ft).
311:
456:
303:
566:
On the suggestion of Malaspina, and acceptance of Viceroy Revillagigedo, Mourelle, who had been given command of
430:
418:
628:
broke its mainmast. It was partially repaired in a rough fashion, allowing the expedition to continue. Both
710:
757:
448:
372:, commandant of the San Blas Naval Base, augmented his small fleet. Four new vessels built, the schooners
337:
583:
378:
749:
652:
477:, except a slight difference in the rigging, but cost only 8,967 pesos, compared to 10,513 pesos for
406:
323:
1178:
587:
330:
1087:
643:
In early June the two vessels entered the Strait of Juan de Fuca and made their way through the
1091:
1014:
920:
887:
847:
813:
660:
656:
422:
353:
299:
285:
97:
298:, also built at San Blas in 1791. Both vessels were built for exploring the newly discovered
644:
341:
319:
959:
668:
664:
579:
535:
492:
349:
294:
230:
591:
33:
1080:
706:
547:
318:. During this voyage the two Spanish vessels encountered the two British vessels under
242:
112:
617:
vessels were still defective and further alterations later were made at Nootka Sound.
1147:
624:, on the west coast of Vancouver Island, on 12 May 1792. On April 14, far from land,
543:
527:
365:
238:
222:
709:
and determine whether its mouth would be a good place for a new Spanish base. Under
753:
648:
621:
504:
414:
281:
1038:
1008:
841:
717:
sailed first to Neah Bay on the south coast of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, where
443:. Once back at Acapulco, Malaspina discovered that the Viceroy of New Spain, the
741:
440:
49:
495:
of 3.6 m (12 ft), a depth of hold of 1.4 m (4.6 ft), and a
952:
843:
At the Far Reaches of Empire: The Life of Juan Francisco De La Bodega Y Quadra
745:
620:
They sailed from Acapulco on 8 March 1792 and arrived at the Spanish post at
348:
continued to serve the San Blas Naval Department, making various voyages to
289:
101:
32:(left, following) during the 1792 voyage around Vancouver Island, drawn by
810:
The Men with Wooden Feet: The Spanish Exploration of the Pacific Northwest
701:
continued to serve the San Blas Naval Department for some years. In 1793
539:
515:
426:
410:
273:
234:
145:
558:
was similarly rigged, but did not carry topgallants or studding sails.
531:
496:
398:
Manuel Bastarrachea and according to Bodega y Quadra's specifications.
226:
917:, 1792: The last Spanish exploration of the Northwest Coast of America
886:. Spokane, Washington: The Arthur H. Clark Company. pp. 247–251.
884:, 1792: The last Spanish exploration of the Northwest Coast of America
37:
439:, were unsuitable and not available, since they were to sail to the
447:, was already preparing to send another exploration voyage to the
919:. Spokane, Washington: The Arthur H. Clark Company. p. 20.
659:
and returned to Nootka Sound separately. Vancouver returned via
523:
269:
218:
149:
1082:
The Nootka Connection: Europe and the Northwest Coast 1790-1795
551:
246:
740:
were sent to establish a post north of San Francisco Bay, at
394:
began on 27 March 1791, under the direction of the shipyard
846:. University of British Columbia Press. pp. 181–182.
679:
returned to San Blas, arriving there on 25 November 1792.
598:. According to the manifest for the voyage under Galiano,
417:, then returned to Acapulco. On the return voyage he met
364:
To meet the need for additional ships following the 1789
606:
had the same complement, plus the artist José Cardero.
647:
and into the Strait of Georgia. Near the mouth of the
48:
is spilling the wind from her sails to slow the ship.
522:
was at first rigged halfway between a schooner and a
721:
was supposed to rendezvous but failed to arrive. So
682:
Vancouver, who had plenty of opportunity to examine
1079:
869:
867:
865:
863:
1013:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 37.
651:the Spaniards encountered the two ships of the
1086:. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. pp.
953:Glossary of Spanish Names, Blue Water Ventures
835:
833:
831:
829:
693:After the voyage of Galiano and Valdés, both
8:
1010:Alejandro Malaspina: Portrait of a Visionary
789:List of historical ships in British Columbia
590:were made second in command of each vessel.
459:, to the task. Malaspina proposed sending
340:, in the process proving the insularity of
469:was built at the San Blas shipyard by the
1043:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 136.
1174:Spanish history in the Pacific Northwest
1032:
1030:
800:
15:
451:. He had assigned the newly finished
421:and heard about the discovery of the
62:
7:
663:while Galiano and Valdés sailed via
370:Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra
779:might have been at Nootka in 1797.
775:was at Nootka Sound again in 1796.
221:rigged on two masts; main and fore
1159:Pre-Confederation British Columbia
1040:Ships of Discovery and Exploration
671:. After arriving at Nootka Sound,
594:was also detached and assigned to
14:
189:1.58 m (5.2 ft) forward
1054:The Voyage of Sutil and Mexicana
995:The Voyage of Sutil and Mexicana
971:The Voyage of Sutil and Mexicana
63:
19:
257:20 officers, crew, and servant
1:
1164:History of Washington (state)
402:was launched on 21 May 1791.
292:. It was nearly identical to
192:1.72 m (5.6 ft) aft
1111:At the Far Reaches of Empire
1066:At the Far Reaches of Empire
983:At the Far Reaches of Empire
705:sailed north to explore the
302:, carried out in 1792 under
840:Tovell, Freeman M. (2008).
487:was 14 m (46 ft)
40:flies from the mainmast of
1195:
1154:Age of Sail ships of Spain
1037:Paine, Lincoln P. (2000).
546:. The vessel also carried
510:Although the Spanish word
457:Francisco Antonio Mourelle
413:. He sailed to Alaska and
344:. After this first voyage
179:3.69 m (12.1 ft)
1169:Ships of the Spanish Navy
514:is usually translated as
382:, and the twin schooners
202:2.32 m (7.6 ft)
135:
57:
18:
812:. NC Press. p. 69.
554:, and flying jib sails.
312:Cayetano Valdés y Flores
1078:Pethick, Derek (1980).
1007:Kendrick, John (1999).
907:Kendrick, John (1990).
874:Kendrick, John (1990).
808:Kendrick, John (1985).
756:. Bodega y Quadra gave
304:Dionisio Alcalá Galiano
280:) built in 1791 by the
136:General characteristics
748:, or farther north at
449:Strait of Juan de Fuca
445:Count of Revillagigedo
338:Queen Charlotte Strait
171:14 m (46 ft)
1135:The Nootka Connection
1123:The Nootka Connection
711:Juan MartĂnez y Zayas
96:Manuel Bastarrachea,
52:is in the background.
28:(right, leading) and
758:Juan Bautista Matute
653:Vancouver Expedition
576:capitanes de fragata
407:Alessandro Malaspina
584:Secundino Salamanca
958:2011-05-02 at the
390:. Construction of
939:The Spanish word
853:978-0-7748-1367-9
661:Discovery Passage
657:Discovery Islands
423:Strait of Georgia
354:Pacific Northwest
300:Strait of Georgia
261:
260:
123:23 September 1791
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857:
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824:
823:
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645:San Juan Islands
580:Frigate Captains
536:topgallant sails
342:Vancouver Island
320:George Vancouver
249:, and flying jib
70:
67:
23:
16:
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1056:, pp. 66-68, 72
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669:Goletas Channel
665:Cordero Channel
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503:. The vessel's
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350:Alta California
68:
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11:
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876:The Voyage of
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707:Columbia River
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544:studding sails
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239:studding sails
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148:, rigged as a
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1113:, pp. 312-313
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1097:0-88894-279-6
1093:
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926:0-87062-203-X
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893:0-87062-203-X
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588:Juan Vernacci
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438:
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428:
424:
420:
419:Juan Carrasco
416:
412:
408:
405:In late 1790
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:
375:
371:
367:
366:Nootka Crisis
359:
357:
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17:
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902:
883:
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809:
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776:
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771:
766:
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754:Grays Harbor
750:Trinidad Bay
737:
733:
729:
727:
722:
718:
714:
702:
698:
694:
692:
687:
683:
681:
676:
672:
649:Fraser River
642:
637:
633:
629:
625:
622:Nootka Sound
619:
613:
609:
608:
603:
599:
595:
592:José Cardero
575:
574:. Both were
571:
567:
565:
555:
519:
511:
509:
500:
484:
483:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:
460:
452:
435:
431:
415:Nootka Sound
404:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
377:
373:
363:
360:Construction
345:
332:
325:
315:
307:
293:
282:Spanish Navy
277:
264:
263:
262:
161:
157:Tons burthen
131:8 March 1792
78:
45:
41:
36:. Galiano's
34:José Cardero
29:
25:
760:command of
742:Tomales Bay
471:constructor
441:Philippines
432:Descubierta
409:arrived in
396:constructor
231:topgallants
210:Sails, oars
50:Mount Baker
1179:1792 ships
1148:Categories
795:References
746:Bodega Bay
744:or nearby
254:Complement
207:Propulsion
100:shipyard,
949:toneladas
941:toneladas
540:staysails
501:toneladas
427:corvettes
326:Discovery
290:New Spain
276:(Spanish
235:staysails
215:Sail plan
162:toneladas
120:Laid down
102:New Spain
1137:, p. 211
1125:, p. 177
1068:, p. 205
985:, p. 195
956:Archived
945:tonelada
915:Mexicana
882:Mexicana
783:See also
777:Mexicana
734:Aránzazu
728:In 1793
723:Mexicana
715:Mexicana
703:Mexicana
699:Mexicana
688:Mexicana
677:Mexicana
638:Mexicana
634:Mexicana
626:Mexicana
614:Mexicana
604:Mexicana
596:Mexicana
568:Mexicana
556:Mexicana
532:topsails
516:schooner
479:Mexicana
475:Mexicana
455:, under
453:Mexicana
436:Atrevida
411:Acapulco
400:Mexicana
392:Mexicana
388:Mexicana
352:and the
316:Mexicana
295:Mexicana
286:San Blas
274:schooner
272:-rigged
227:topsails
146:schooner
144:goleta (
128:Launched
98:San Blas
46:Mexicana
30:Mexicana
1088:176–177
997:, p. 20
973:, p. 61
548:spanker
528:courses
497:tonnage
491:with a
356:coast.
333:Chatham
243:spanker
223:courses
93:Builder
85:Ordered
58:History
38:pennant
1094:
1017:
951:. See
923:
890:
850:
816:
738:Activa
736:, and
719:Activa
562:Career
542:, and
512:goleta
499:of 33
379:Activa
374:Valdés
310:, and
278:goleta
268:was a
168:Length
115:(1791)
111:8,967
911:Sutil
878:Sutil
773:Sutil
767:Sutil
762:Sutil
730:Sutil
695:Sutil
684:Sutil
673:Sutil
630:Sutil
610:Sutil
600:Sutil
572:Sutil
520:Sutil
505:draft
485:Sutil
467:Sutil
461:Sutil
384:Sutil
346:Sutil
314:, on
308:Sutil
306:, on
265:Sutil
184:Draft
113:pesos
79:Sutil
69:Spain
42:Sutil
26:Sutil
1092:ISBN
1015:ISBN
921:ISBN
913:and
888:ISBN
880:and
848:ISBN
814:ISBN
697:and
686:and
675:and
667:and
632:and
612:and
586:and
524:brig
493:beam
489:long
434:and
386:and
376:and
331:HMS
329:and
324:HMS
270:brig
219:Brig
176:Beam
150:brig
141:Type
108:Cost
88:1791
75:Name
752:or
552:jib
284:at
247:jib
160:33
1150::
1090:.
1029:^
862:^
828:^
732:,
713:,
550:,
538:,
534:,
530:,
518:,
481:.
429:,
368:,
322:,
288:,
245:,
241:;
237:,
233:,
229:,
225:,
44:.
1100:.
1023:.
929:.
896:.
856:.
822:.
578:(
152:)
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