309:
1387:
505:
3367:
3090:
219:
30:
375:
involved during each such practice. So, for example, Kaivalyadhama measured the consumption of oxygen of yogins seated cross-legged and practising pranayama; Kuvalayananda explained that while "the westerner" saw deep breathing as useful for providing oxygen, "With us the oxygen value of pranayama is
350:
and universal principles. In some sense, pure, objective science was to be deployed as the handmaiden of spirituality and orthodox philosophy so as to establish what came to be the theme of his life's work". His research agenda, although covering a variety of yogic practices (which he divided into
156:. Kuvalayananda’s father, Sri Ganesa Gune, was a teacher and his mother, Srimati Saraswati, a housewife. The family was not rich and had to depend for some time on public and private charity. Being from a poor family, Kuvalayananda had to struggle hard for his education. Nevertheless, at his
124:, researcher, and educator primarily known for his pioneering research into the scientific foundations of yoga. He started research on yoga in 1920, and published the first journal specifically devoted to studying yoga,
1820:
561:
The
Gordhandas Seksaria College of Yoga and Cultural Synthesis was established in 1951 at Lonavla to prepare young people spiritually and intellectually for selfless service to humanity.
539:) in 1936, and named the Ishvardas Chunnilal Yogic Health Center. Its mandate is the prevention and cure of various diseases through Yoga. In this same period, at Kanakesvara near
293:. His subjective experience, coupled with the results of these scientific experiments, convinced him that the ancient system of Yoga, if understood through the modern scientific
2079:
206:, where ultimately he became the Principal of the National College, in 1916. The National College was closed down by the British Government in 1920 due to the spirit of
1911:
517:
513:
451:
331:
317:
129:
564:
In 1961, he opened the
Srimati Amolak Devi Tirathram Gupta Yogic Hospital for the treatment of chronic functional disorders with the help of Yogic techniques.
3127:
2300:
1095:
183:. His national idealism and patriotic fervour prompted him to devote his life to the service of humanity. During this time, he took up a vow of lifelong
488:
At the same time as founding his research institute at
Lonavla, Kuvalayananda started the first journal devoted to scientific investigation into yoga,
512:
Besides his yoga research, Swami
Kuvalayananda was a tireless promoter of his causes, and he spent much of his later years opening up new branches of
447:—all of these were "regarded as epiphenomenal in their relationship to the real object of study—the phenomenal meta-material power inherent in Yoga."
3020:
2912:
1056:
1026:
995:
967:
2323:
2013:
308:
878:
2648:
3265:
3120:
1524:
2293:
1088:
647:
620:
606:
592:
300:
As early as the 1930s, Kuvalayananda trained large groups of yoga teachers as a way to spread physical education in India.
3407:
3270:
2748:
2348:
2048:
1274:
1237:
1044:
2582:
2400:
2198:
297:, could help society. The idea of discovering the scientific basis behind these yogic processes became his life's work.
210:
prevalent at the institution. From 1916 to 1923, he taught Indian culture studies to high school and college students.
1358:
148:
Swami
Kuvalayananda was born Jagannatha Ganesa Gune in a traditional Karhade Brahmin family in the village Dhaboi in
3412:
3402:
3351:
3280:
3113:
3059:
2545:
2211:
1512:
959:
3300:
3205:
3093:
2853:
2286:
2007:
1984:
1929:
1300:
1081:
466:, wrote his dissertation on yoga after visiting in late 1931, and staying for a year. Behanan went on to publish
312:"Pure, objective science .. deployed as the handmaiden of spirituality": Kuvalayananda watching an experiment on
180:
2505:
3170:
3015:
2510:
2375:
1765:
471:
504:
2495:
2455:
2267:
2053:
1804:
1483:
492:. The journal has been published quarterly every year since its founding and was scheduled to be indexed by
222:
1386:
2638:
2262:
2257:
1698:
1213:
475:
262:
discipline, under
Madhavdasji's guidance, greatly affected Kuvalayananda's career. He became a pioneer of
161:
383:
Alter notes that although these experiments ranged over a wide variety of types of measurement—including
3310:
3220:
3044:
2888:
2653:
2628:
2500:
2460:
2328:
1969:
1477:
1428:
1257:
1208:
1197:
496:
in 2012. It has covered experiments on the effects of asanas, kriyas, bandhas, and pranayama on humans.
1218:
668:
3397:
3392:
3005:
2967:
2952:
2848:
2470:
2420:
2333:
2252:
2123:
2027:
2022:
1878:
1667:
1561:
1470:
532:
3290:
3185:
2942:
2633:
1941:
1730:
1529:
1460:
1433:
1370:
1147:
555:
455:
294:
454:
to learn more. Dr. Josephine
Rathbone, a professor of health and physical education, visited from
281:
effects of Yoga he experienced. In 1920–21, he investigated the effects of the Yogic practices of
3240:
3200:
3165:
2947:
2863:
2540:
2203:
2185:
1956:
1893:
1863:
1448:
384:
313:
273:
Though
Kuvalayananda was spiritually inclined and idealistic, he was, at the same time, a strict
237:
207:
289:
on the human body with the help of some of his students in a laboratory at the State
Hospital,
3341:
3136:
2858:
2793:
2758:
2703:
2608:
2587:
2555:
2475:
2465:
2430:
2242:
1883:
1828:
1659:
1581:
1534:
1438:
1413:
1408:
1137:
1062:
1052:
1032:
1022:
1001:
991:
963:
643:
630:
616:
602:
588:
528:
408:
388:
121:
920:
3346:
3295:
3285:
3245:
3180:
3064:
2987:
2868:
2778:
2753:
2698:
2688:
2678:
2550:
2485:
2480:
2425:
2343:
2338:
2309:
2110:
2097:
1974:
1961:
1847:
1773:
1625:
1455:
1443:
1420:
1335:
1295:
1263:
1245:
1104:
1014:
953:
478:, spent a month and a half working there. Research and collaboration continues to this day.
267:
263:
137:
3275:
3049:
2995:
2932:
2803:
2773:
2693:
2658:
2623:
2450:
2405:
2395:
2247:
1788:
1693:
1675:
1652:
1606:
1507:
1251:
1132:
949:
572:
463:
444:
325:
282:
886:
218:
2937:
2818:
2798:
2763:
2728:
2718:
2673:
2643:
2520:
2167:
2061:
2002:
1989:
1935:
1903:
1719:
1713:
1708:
1688:
1596:
1539:
1517:
1185:
1170:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1127:
400:
396:
244:
176:
165:
3386:
3370:
3315:
3230:
3195:
3160:
3155:
3010:
3000:
2808:
2743:
2738:
2723:
2683:
2618:
2613:
2592:
2445:
2390:
2358:
2172:
2132:
2116:
1994:
1898:
1855:
1812:
1750:
1703:
1544:
1353:
1317:
1225:
459:
368:
278:
195:
172:
157:
2977:
2957:
2927:
2873:
2843:
2828:
2768:
2668:
2535:
2530:
2440:
2353:
2161:
2153:
2148:
2105:
2071:
1979:
1796:
1758:
1681:
1591:
1586:
1576:
1551:
1324:
1279:
404:
347:
343:
198:, he realized the value of education, and this influenced him to help organize the
29:
342:, to provide a laboratory for his scientific study of Yoga. In the anthropologist
3336:
3305:
3190:
3175:
3150:
2972:
2883:
2838:
2733:
2708:
2570:
2525:
2490:
2435:
2415:
2237:
2143:
2092:
2066:
2035:
1946:
1631:
1619:
377:
339:
274:
136:
which he founded in 1924. He has had a profound influence on the development of
84:
3250:
3235:
3225:
3210:
3069:
3054:
2962:
2893:
2833:
2823:
2813:
2783:
2663:
2410:
2232:
2190:
2180:
2084:
2040:
1951:
1570:
1465:
1365:
1343:
1269:
1180:
568:
440:
392:
372:
191:
1066:
1036:
1005:
236:. From 1907 to 1910, Manikrao trained Kuvalayananda in the Indian System of
2878:
2788:
2560:
1781:
1636:
1601:
1175:
1157:
1019:
The Path of Modern Yoga : the history of an embodied spiritual practice
536:
428:
360:
356:
634:
346:'s words, "what he himself had to prove was that this truth was based on
3255:
2565:
2515:
2138:
1924:
1614:
1502:
1348:
424:
199:
184:
3074:
2898:
2713:
2577:
540:
521:
432:
416:
335:
255:
203:
149:
133:
80:
58:
3260:
551:
544:
450:
These experiments impressed some
Western researchers who came to the
420:
412:
364:
290:
251:
233:
232:
was Rajaratna Manikrao, a professor at the Jummadada Vyayamshala in
171:
During his student days, he was influenced by political leaders like
3105:
2278:
1073:
1119:
503:
493:
352:
307:
286:
259:
247:
217:
153:
88:
62:
3331:
2227:
229:
3109:
2282:
1077:
190:
Coming into contact with the Indian masses, many of whom were
1275:
International Association of Yoga Therapists • Richard Miller
955:
Yoga in Modern India: The Body between Science and Philosophy
175:, who was working as a young lecturer at the university, and
407:
activity of the blood, psycho-motor performance, dexterity,
436:
782:
780:
527:
In 1932, he opened the Mumbai branch of Kaivalyadhama at
250:, Paramahamsa Madhavdas, who had settled at Malsar, near
277:. So, he sought scientific explanations for the various
1049:
Yoga body : the origins of modern posture practice
861:
859:
550:
In 1943, he opened another branch of Kaivalyadhama in
767:
765:
763:
761:
724:
722:
376:
subordinate. We prize it more for its usefulness in
240:which Kuvalayananda advocated throughout his life.
3324:
3143:
3037:
2986:
2920:
2911:
2601:
2383:
2374:
2367:
2316:
2220:
1877:
1838:
1741:
1645:
1560:
1495:
1401:
1394:
1334:
1309:
1288:
1236:
1196:
1118:
1111:
470:in 1937.} In 1957, the physicians Wenger, from the
359:(breathing exercises), and other practices, namely
103:
95:
69:
39:
20:
575:, became known yoga teachers in their own rights.
128:, in 1924. Most of his research took place at the
988:The Science of Yoga: the Risks and the Rewards
558:, with spiritual practices as its main focus.
3121:
2294:
1089:
452:Kaivalyadhama Health and Yoga Research Center
332:Kaivalyadhama Health and Yoga Research Center
318:Kaivalyadhama Health and Yoga Research Center
130:Kaivalyadhama Health and Yoga Research Center
8:
508:Swami Kuvalayananda on a 2019 stamp of India
3128:
3114:
3106:
2917:
2380:
2371:
2301:
2287:
2279:
2212:Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)
1398:
1115:
1096:
1082:
1074:
28:
17:
752:
304:Medical research on yoga at Kaivalyadhama
740:
701:
120:, 30 August 1883 – 18 April 1966) was a
838:
669:"10 Most Inspiring Yoga Gurus of India"
659:
371:), resulted in a detailed study of the
543:, a Kaivalyadhama Spiritual Center in
907:
865:
850:
826:
810:
798:
786:
771:
728:
713:
689:
615:(translation), Kaivalyadhama; 2006 .
7:
2324:Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths
921:"In Conversation With Dr. Nimbalkar"
629:(translation), Kaivalyadhama; 1969.
107:Scientific Researcher, Teacher, Yogi
1751:Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace
330:In 1924, Kuvalayananda founded the
14:
2014:Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga
164:Sanskrit Scholarship to study at
3366:
3365:
3089:
3088:
1385:
642:(letters), Kaivalyadhama; 1999.
1525:Yoga and cultural appropriation
667:Chetan, Mahesh (5 March 2017).
1:
979:Yoga. A scientific evaluation
567:Some of his pupils, like the
468:Yoga: A Scientific Evaluation
160:in 1903, he was awarded the
2401:Edward William Barton-Wright
462:, a doctoral candidate from
168:where he graduated in 1910.
1051:. Oxford University Press.
3429:
3352:Sexual abuse by yoga gurus
2349:Francisco Amorós y Ondeano
1513:Sexual abuse by yoga gurus
986:Broad, William J. (2012).
960:Princeton University Press
323:
3360:
3083:
2268:Modern Yoginis (template)
2008:Vishnudevananda Saraswati
1930:Tirumalai Krishnamacharya
1434:Harmonial gymnastics/yoga
1383:
1301:International Day of Yoga
813:, pp. 91–92, citing
671:. Indian Yoga Association
316:in yogic practice at his
181:Indian Home Rule Movement
27:
2263:Yoga teachers (category)
2258:Yoga scholars (template)
1766:A History of Modern Yoga
990:. Simon & Schuster.
601:, Kaivalyadhama; 2005 .
587:, Kaivalyadhama; 1993 .
472:University of California
258:river. The insight into
2054:Satchidananda Saraswati
1805:The Path of Modern Yoga
1484:Autobiography of a Yogi
977:Behanan, K. T. (1937).
516:and enhancing the main
474:, and Bagchi, from the
3021:Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao
1214:European Union of Yoga
531:. It was relocated to
509:
476:University of Michigan
321:
254:, on the banks of the
228:Kuvalayananda's first
225:
162:Jagannath Shankarsheth
118:Jagannatha Ganesa Gune
44:Jagannatha Ganesa Gune
3045:Battle of the Systems
2889:Warren Lincoln Travis
2654:Marie Bjelke Petersen
2461:Edith Margaret Garrud
2329:Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
1970:Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga
1478:Paramahansa Yogananda
1258:Trauma-sensitive yoga
1209:British Wheel of Yoga
507:
324:Further information:
311:
223:Paramahamsa Madhavdas
221:
202:Education Society at
3408:Modern yoga pioneers
3006:Seetharaman Sundaram
2968:Kodi Rammurthy Naidu
2953:Jatindra Charan Guho
2849:Dudley Allen Sargent
2471:George Hackenschmidt
2334:Johann Baptist Krebs
2253:List of yoga schools
2124:Yoga the Iyengar Way
2028:Satyananda Saraswati
2023:Bihar School of Yoga
1759:Yoga in Modern India
1668:Lilias, Yoga and You
1471:Seetharaman Sundaram
1021:. Inner Traditions.
815:Yoga Mimamsa, vol. 3
243:In 1919, he met the
2506:Jørgen Peter Müller
2080:Himalayan Institute
1942:T. K. V. Desikachar
1917:Swami Kuvalayananda
1731:Selvarajan Yesudian
456:Columbia University
295:experimental system
264:a new style of yoga
114:Swami Kuvalayananda
22:Swami Kuvalayananda
3296:Sundarraja Iyengar
3241:Nirmala Srivastava
2948:Ambika Charan Guha
2864:Genevieve Stebbins
2541:Clara Schlaffhorst
2186:Beryl Bender Birch
2137:c. 1975
1968:c. 1948
1957:Srivatsa Ramaswami
1894:The Yoga Institute
1864:Breath of the Gods
1449:Genevieve Stebbins
1219:André Van Lysebeth
789:, pp. 81–100.
627:Vashishtha Samhita
510:
385:oxygen consumption
322:
314:oxygen consumption
238:Physical Education
226:
208:Indian nationalism
3413:Modern yoga gurus
3403:Indian yoga gurus
3380:
3379:
3342:Post-lineage yoga
3137:Modern yoga gurus
3103:
3102:
3060:Muscular religion
3033:
3032:
3029:
3028:
2907:
2906:
2859:Amos Alonzo Stagg
2794:Bernarr Macfadden
2759:Annette Kellerman
2704:Keene Fitzpatrick
2609:Marguerite Agniel
2588:Emily Diana Watts
2556:Lionel Strongfort
2456:Gustav Frištenský
2431:Launceston Elliot
2421:François Delsarte
2276:
2275:
2248:Asanas (template)
2243:Post-lineage yoga
1873:
1872:
1829:The Story of Yoga
1582:Frank Jude Boccio
1439:Marguerite Agniel
1409:Early modern yoga
1381:
1380:
1058:978-0-19-539534-1
1028:978-1-62055-567-5
1015:Goldberg, Elliott
997:978-1-4516-4142-4
969:978-0-691-11874-1
927:. 25 January 2005
853:, pp. 83–84.
743:, pp. 82–83.
704:, pp. 80–81.
640:Vision and Wisdom
458:in 1937 to 1938.
409:serum cholesterol
389:systolic pressure
111:
110:
3420:
3369:
3368:
3347:Yoga as exercise
3286:Shiv Dayal Singh
3181:Bikram Choudhury
3130:
3123:
3116:
3107:
3092:
3091:
3065:Yoga as exercise
2918:
2869:Alois P. Swoboda
2779:Diocletian Lewis
2754:George F. Jowett
2699:Carrica Le Favre
2689:Ludwig Durlacher
2679:C. Ward Crampton
2551:Mary Bagot Stack
2486:F. A. Hornibrook
2481:Oscar Heidenstam
2426:Edmond Desbonnet
2381:
2372:
2344:Franz Nachtegall
2339:Pehr Henrik Ling
2310:Physical culture
2303:
2296:
2289:
2280:
2111:B. K. S. Iyengar
2098:Bikram Choudhury
1975:K. Pattabhi Jois
1962:Vanda Scaravelli
1774:Positioning Yoga
1626:Paddleboard Yoga
1456:Physical culture
1444:Mary Bagot Stack
1399:
1389:
1296:Competitive yoga
1264:Restorative Yoga
1246:Yoga using props
1198:Teacher training
1148:Meditation seats
1116:
1105:Yoga as exercise
1098:
1091:
1084:
1075:
1070:
1040:
1009:
982:
973:
950:Alter, Joseph S.
937:
936:
934:
932:
917:
911:
905:
899:
898:
896:
894:
885:. Archived from
875:
869:
863:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
775:
769:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
680:
678:
676:
664:
268:physical culture
138:yoga as exercise
76:
53:
51:
32:
18:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3356:
3320:
3301:Vishnudevananda
3276:Sathya Sai Baba
3206:Krishnamacharya
3171:Chidvilasananda
3139:
3134:
3104:
3099:
3079:
3070:Natural hygiene
3050:Fitness culture
3025:
2996:Krishnamacharya
2982:
2933:Ramesh Balsekar
2903:
2804:William Muldoon
2774:W. R. C. Latson
2694:George Eiferman
2659:William Blaikie
2624:Sanford Bennett
2597:
2451:Bob Fitzsimmons
2406:Zishe Breitbart
2396:William Bankier
2363:
2312:
2307:
2277:
2272:
2216:
1881:
1869:
1834:
1821:Yoga in Britain
1789:The Subtle Body
1737:
1660:Yoga for Health
1641:
1607:Phillip Moffitt
1556:
1508:Science of yoga
1491:
1390:
1377:
1330:
1305:
1284:
1252:Accessible yoga
1232:
1192:
1167:Accompaniments
1133:Standing asanas
1107:
1102:
1059:
1045:Singleton, Mark
1043:
1029:
1013:
998:
985:
976:
970:
952:(August 2004).
948:
945:
940:
930:
928:
919:
918:
914:
906:
902:
892:
890:
889:on 20 June 2012
877:
876:
872:
864:
857:
849:
845:
837:
833:
825:
821:
809:
805:
797:
793:
785:
778:
770:
759:
751:
747:
739:
735:
727:
720:
712:
708:
700:
696:
688:
684:
674:
672:
666:
665:
661:
657:
613:Goraksa-Satakam
581:
573:S. P. Nimbalkar
502:
486:
464:Yale University
445:stomach acidity
328:
326:Science of yoga
306:
283:uddiyana bandha
216:
146:
91:
78:
74:
65:
55:
49:
47:
46:
45:
35:
23:
12:
11:
5:
3426:
3424:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3385:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3110:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2938:The Great Gama
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2819:Harry Paschall
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2799:Artie McGovern
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2764:Siegmund Klein
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2729:Joe Greenstein
2726:
2721:
2719:John B. Gagnon
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2674:Edwin Checkley
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2644:George Brosius
2641:
2636:
2631:
2629:Pierre Bernard
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2521:William Pullum
2518:
2513:
2511:Hartvig Nissen
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2476:Georges Hébert
2473:
2468:
2466:Hermann Görner
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2378:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2168:Jivamukti Yoga
2164:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2010:
2003:Sivananda Yoga
1999:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1990:Kino MacGregor
1987:
1982:
1977:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1936:Yoga Makaranda
1932:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1904:Hansa Yogendra
1901:
1889:
1887:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1859:
1851:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1762:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1720:Rachel Brathen
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1663:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1597:Jon Kabat-Zinn
1594:
1589:
1584:
1573:
1566:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1537:
1532:
1530:In advertising
1527:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1518:Matthew Remski
1510:
1505:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1431:
1429:Pierre Bernard
1426:
1425:
1424:
1416:
1405:
1403:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1211:
1202:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1186:Hasta Vinyasas
1183:
1178:
1173:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1153:Sun Salutation
1150:
1145:
1143:Lotus position
1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:List of asanas
1124:
1122:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1057:
1041:
1027:
1011:
996:
983:
974:
968:
944:
941:
939:
938:
912:
900:
879:"Yoga Mimamsa"
870:
855:
843:
831:
819:
803:
791:
776:
757:
755:, p. 104.
753:Singleton 2010
745:
733:
718:
706:
694:
682:
658:
656:
653:
652:
651:
637:
624:
610:
596:
580:
577:
501:
498:
485:
480:
401:cardiovascular
397:adrenocortical
305:
302:
279:psychophysical
266:influenced by
215:
214:Yoga education
212:
177:Lokmanya Tilak
166:Baroda College
145:
142:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
79:
77:(aged 82)
71:
67:
66:
56:
54:30 August 1883
43:
41:
37:
36:
33:
25:
24:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3425:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3373:
3372:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:Shankarananda
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3271:Satchidananda
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3246:Pattabhi Jois
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3231:Dharma Mittra
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3216:Kuvalayananda
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:Jaggi Vasudev
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3126:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3096:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:Shri Yogendra
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3001:Kuvalayananda
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2809:Ralph Parcaut
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2744:Roy Hilligenn
2742:
2740:
2739:Milo Hastings
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:Vince Gironda
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2684:Jack Delinger
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:Drexel Biddle
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2619:Clarence Bass
2617:
2615:
2614:Charles Atlas
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2593:Freddie Welsh
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:Ronald Walker
2581:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:Eileen Fowler
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2391:Bert Assirati
2389:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2359:Thomas Topham
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2173:Sharon Gannon
2171:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2133:Dharma Mittra
2130:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2117:Light on Yoga
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2049:Integral Yoga
2046:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:Larry Schultz
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:Kaivalyadhama
1909:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1899:Shri Yogendra
1897:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1856:Enlighten Up!
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1813:Roots of Yoga
1809:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1545:Geeta Iyengar
1543:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1359:Hugger Mugger
1357:
1355:
1354:Angela Farmer
1352:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1318:Asana Journal
1315:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1226:Yoga Alliance
1224:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
989:
984:
980:
975:
971:
965:
961:
957:
956:
951:
947:
946:
942:
926:
922:
916:
913:
910:, p. 34.
909:
904:
901:
888:
884:
883:Kaivalyadhama
880:
874:
871:
868:, p. 87.
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
847:
844:
840:
835:
832:
829:, p. 95.
828:
823:
820:
816:
812:
807:
804:
801:, p. 92.
800:
795:
792:
788:
783:
781:
777:
774:, p. 83.
773:
768:
766:
764:
762:
758:
754:
749:
746:
742:
741:Goldberg 2016
737:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
716:, p. 25.
715:
710:
707:
703:
702:Goldberg 2016
698:
695:
692:, p. 31.
691:
686:
683:
670:
663:
660:
654:
649:
645:
641:
638:
636:
632:
628:
625:
622:
618:
614:
611:
608:
604:
600:
597:
594:
590:
586:
583:
582:
578:
576:
574:
570:
565:
562:
559:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
518:Kaivalyadhama
515:
514:Kaivalyadhama
506:
499:
497:
495:
491:
484:
481:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:K. T. Behanan
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
378:nerve culture
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
327:
319:
315:
310:
303:
301:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
224:
220:
213:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
196:superstitious
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
173:Sri Aurobindo
169:
167:
163:
159:
158:matriculation
155:
151:
143:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
106:
104:Occupation(s)
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
73:18 April 1966
72:
68:
64:
60:
42:
38:
31:
26:
19:
16:
3364:
3266:Ravi Shankar
3215:
3186:Gurmukh Kaur
3087:
2978:Monotosh Roy
2958:Guru Hanuman
2928:Manohar Aich
2921:Bodybuilding
2874:Armand Tanny
2844:Tony Sansone
2829:Steve Reeves
2769:Jack LaLanne
2669:Alan Calvert
2536:Arthur Saxon
2531:Eugen Sandow
2441:Juan Ferrero
2354:Adolf Spiess
2199:Anusara Yoga
2162:Forrest Yoga
2154:Sarah Powers
2149:Paul Grilley
2122:
2115:
2106:Iyengar Yoga
2072:Stephen Cope
2062:Kripalu Yoga
2012:
1980:Mysore style
1934:
1916:
1862:
1854:
1846:
1827:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1797:Selling Yoga
1795:
1787:
1780:
1772:
1764:
1757:
1749:
1726:Switzerland
1682:Lyn Marshall
1666:
1658:
1592:Janice Gates
1587:Anne Cushman
1577:Mindful Yoga
1552:Yoga tourism
1535:For children
1482:
1419:
1325:Yoga Journal
1323:
1316:
1280:Janice Gates
1138:Downward dog
1048:
1018:
1010:</ref>
987:
981:. Macmillan.
978:
954:
929:. Retrieved
924:
915:
903:
891:. Retrieved
887:the original
882:
873:
846:
839:Behanan 1937
834:
822:
814:
806:
794:
748:
736:
731:, p. 9.
709:
697:
685:
673:. Retrieved
662:
639:
626:
612:
598:
584:
566:
563:
560:
549:
547:was opened.
533:Marine Drive
526:
511:
490:Yoga Mimamsa
489:
487:
483:Yoga Mimamsa
482:
467:
449:
405:fibrinolytic
382:
355:(postures),
348:natural laws
344:Joseph Alter
329:
299:
272:
242:
227:
189:
170:
147:
126:Yoga Mimamsa
125:
117:
113:
112:
75:(1966-04-18)
15:
3398:1966 deaths
3393:1883 births
3337:Modern yoga
3306:Vivekananda
3221:Mahesh Yogi
3201:John Friend
3166:Beryl Birch
3151:Amrit Desai
2973:Chandgi Ram
2943:B. C. Ghosh
2884:John Terpak
2854:Larry Scott
2839:Joe Rollino
2749:Bob Hoffman
2734:John Grimek
2709:Mark Forest
2571:Monte Saldo
2526:Joan Rhodes
2491:Thomas Inch
2436:Tony Emmott
2416:Victor Dane
2317:Antecedents
2238:Modern yoga
2204:John Friend
2144:Paulie Zink
2093:Bikram Yoga
2067:Amrit Desai
2036:Ananda Yoga
1947:A. G. Mohan
1632:Aerial yoga
1461:B. C. Ghosh
1414:Vivekananda
931:27 November
500:Later years
441:lymphocytes
403:endurance,
340:Maharashtra
275:rationalist
96:Nationality
85:Maharashtra
3387:Categories
3236:Muktananda
3226:Meher Baba
3211:Kriyananda
3156:Anandamayi
3055:Gymnastics
2963:K. V. Iyer
2894:Al Treloar
2834:Leo Robert
2824:Bill Pearl
2814:Kid Parker
2784:Gilman Low
2664:Paul Bragg
2639:Joe Bonomo
2634:Mark Berry
2501:Dan McLeod
2411:Niels Bukh
2233:Hatha yoga
2210:2006
2197:1997
2191:Bryan Kest
2181:Power Yoga
2179:1995
2166:1984
2160:1982
2131:1975
2104:1975
2091:1973
2085:Swami Rama
2078:1971
2060:1966
2047:1966
2041:Kriyananda
2034:1965
2021:1963
2001:1959
1985:Tim Miller
1952:Indra Devi
1923:1934
1910:1924
1892:1918
1861:2012
1853:2009
1845:2006
1826:2020
1818:2019
1810:2017
1802:2016
1794:2015
1779:2010
1771:2005
1756:2004
1748:1996
1646:By country
1630:2014
1624:2013
1613:2003
1575:1990
1571:Naked yoga
1569:1938
1466:K. V. Iyer
1418:1896
1366:Yoga pants
1344:Yoga brick
1270:Yoga nidra
1268:2008
1262:2007
1256:2002
1250:1979
1205:Standards
908:Alter 2004
866:Alter 2004
851:Broad 2012
827:Alter 2004
811:Alter 2004
799:Alter 2004
787:Alter 2004
772:Alter 2004
729:Alter 2004
714:Broad 2012
690:Alter 2004
655:References
648:8189485288
621:818948544X
607:8190280368
593:8189485040
569:Padma Shri
556:Saurashtra
520:campus in
435:, urinary
399:activity,
393:heart rate
373:physiology
192:illiterate
144:Early life
50:1883-08-30
3311:Yogananda
3291:Sivananda
3191:Harbhajan
3161:Aurobindo
2879:Vic Tanny
2789:Dan Lurie
2602:New World
2561:Maxalding
2496:John Lees
1782:Yoga Body
1637:Beer yoga
1602:Cyndi Lee
1540:For women
1421:Raja Yoga
1371:Lululemon
1176:Pranayama
1158:Tree pose
1067:318191988
1037:926062252
1006:776967120
675:16 August
635:237126083
599:Pranayama
571:awardee,
537:Chowpatty
529:Santacruz
429:sinusitis
357:pranayama
320:, Lonavla
122:yoga guru
3371:Category
3316:Yogendra
3256:Ram Dass
3094:Category
2516:Reg Park
2384:European
2139:Yin Yoga
1925:Viniyoga
1615:Acroyoga
1503:Hot yoga
1349:Yoga mat
1310:Journals
1047:(2010).
1017:(2016).
425:diabetes
200:Khandesh
185:celibacy
57:Dabhoi,
3325:Related
3176:Chinmoy
3075:Pilates
3038:Related
2899:Turners
2714:Ed Fury
2578:Vulcana
2376:Western
2368:Systems
2221:Related
1879:Schools
1694:Germany
1676:Britain
1653:America
1562:Hybrids
1496:Aspects
1395:History
1238:Therapy
1181:Vinyāsa
1171:Drishti
1163:Warrior
943:Sources
925:Lokvani
893:8 April
541:Alibaug
522:Lonavla
433:anxiety
417:obesity
369:bandhas
336:Lonavla
256:Narmada
245:Bengali
204:Amalner
152:state,
150:Gujarat
134:Lonavla
81:Lonavla
59:Gujarat
34:c. 1960
3261:Ramdev
3016:Tiruka
2913:Indian
2566:Maxick
1714:Sweden
1709:Russia
1689:France
1289:Events
1120:Asanas
1112:Topics
1065:
1055:
1035:
1025:
1004:
994:
966:
646:
633:
619:
605:
591:
585:Asanas
552:Rajkot
545:Colaba
421:cancer
413:asthma
367:, and
365:mudras
361:kriyas
291:Baroda
252:Baroda
234:Baroda
116:(born
99:Indian
3144:Gurus
2988:Yogic
2546:Sokol
1884:Gurus
1839:Films
1742:Books
1729:1941
1718:2015
1704:Italy
1699:India
1680:1976
1665:1970
1657:1961
1402:Early
1336:Props
579:Books
494:EBSCO
353:asana
287:nauli
260:Yogic
248:yogin
154:India
89:India
63:India
3332:Guru
3251:Rama
2228:Yoga
1848:Guru
1620:Doga
1063:OCLC
1053:ISBN
1033:OCLC
1023:ISBN
1002:OCLC
992:ISBN
964:ISBN
933:2015
895:2019
677:2021
644:ISBN
631:OCLC
617:ISBN
603:ISBN
589:ISBN
443:and
285:and
230:guru
194:and
179:'s
70:Died
40:Born
380:."
334:in
132:at
3389::
1061:.
1031:.
1000:.
962:.
958:.
923:.
881:.
858:^
779:^
760:^
721:^
554:,
524:.
439:,
437:pH
431:,
427:,
423:,
419:,
415:,
411:,
395:,
391:,
387:,
363:,
338:,
270:.
187:.
140:.
87:,
83:,
61:,
3129:e
3122:t
3115:v
2302:e
2295:t
2288:v
1886:)
1882:(
1097:e
1090:t
1083:v
1069:.
1039:.
1008:.
972:.
935:.
897:.
841:.
817:.
679:.
650:.
623:.
609:.
595:.
535:(
52:)
48:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
