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program benefits. Wetland conversions include drainage or removal of woody vegetation (7 CFR 12.2). As is provided in 7 CFR 12.4, benefits are lost when wetlands are converted until they have been restored. Several types of wetlands and activities are exempt. Exceptions are provided in 7 CFR 12.5(b) and include conversions and array of actions including, but not limited to, conversions that began before
December 23, 1985, conversions of wetlands that had been created artificially, crop production on wetlands that became dry through drought, and conversions that USDA has determined have minimal effect on wetland values. Swampbuster provisions (Wetland Conservation provisions) were amended in the 1990, 1996, 2002 and subsequent farm bills to provide greater flexibility for producers and landowners. The most significant amendment in the 1990 farm bill was directing that when USDA issues a wetland determination, that determination is certified by signature of USDA that the determination is accurate and sufficient. Certified determinations remains valid by law and regulation unless the person requests a review. USDA cannot proactively change any determination issued as certified after November 23, 1990 (date the 1990 amendments were signed into law). In 1996, the most significant amendments to the Food Security Act of 1985 was making plain that once certified, always certified. Also of significance is the statutory change that once determined a Prior Converted Wetland, that determination is not subject to abandonment. Both changes were codified in the federal register in 1996 (7 CFR 12).
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additional protections, provided by agency policy and
Departmental regulation, without statutory authority, were provided to certain wetland types that provide habitat to migratory waterfowl. These wetland types are (prairie potholes, playa lakes and pocosins) and are provided special protections under what NRCS identifies as a Farmed Wetland (FW).
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Although not provided by statute, the USDA in their effort to protect wetlands, added stronger wetland protections by internal agency policy (USDA Natural
Resources Conservation Service's National Food Security Act Manual (NFSAM)) and eventually by regulation in 1996 (7 CRR 12.2-Definitions). These
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USDA program participants, defined as "persons" in 7 CFR 12 Highly
Erodible Land and Wetland Conservation, converting a wetland not provided an exemption in 7 CRR 12.5(b), after December 23, 1985, to make production on an annually tilled (crop) production lose eligibility for most federal farm
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use. The purpose was a balance between attempting to reduce crop subsidies, and conserving wetlands (1985 Conference Report).
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Report for
Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition
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is a provision officially titled the
Wetland Conservation provisions of the
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7 CFR 12 - Highly
Erodible Land and Wetland Conservation.
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147:Learn how and when to remove this message
172:This article includes a list of general
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1287:or its constituent jurisdictions is a
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998:Greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands
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557:Flooded grasslands and savannas
72:needs additional citations for
39:or discuss these issues on the
346:Congressional Research Service
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1081:Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust
1071:Society of Wetland Scientists
1291:. You can help Knowledge by
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696:Peatland, mire, and quagmire
966:National Wetlands Inventory
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1051:Delta Waterfowl Foundation
1283:This article relating to
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244:Food Security Act of 1985
1338:Law of the United States
1285:law in the United States
1030:Wetland indicator status
1353:United States law stubs
741:Freshwater swamp forest
193:more precise citations.
1076:Wetlands International
847:List of wetland plants
331:public domain material
721:Salt pannes and pools
81:improve this article
1181:Wetlands portal
812:Constructed wetland
397:Types and landforms
1025:Salt marsh die-off
943:Salt marsh dieback
852:List of fen plants
691:Palustrine wetland
592:Intertidal wetland
587:Interdunal wetland
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759:Peat swamp forest
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1094:Related articles
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786:Whitewater river
736:Coniferous swamp
617:Freshwater marsh
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426:Blackwater river
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98: –
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96:"Swampbuster"
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92:Find sources:
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70:This article
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1293:expanding it
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1227:expanding it
1216:
1201:
1126:List of bogs
981:Conservation
912:Ombrotrophic
856:
827:Water-meadow
751:
562:Grass valley
552:Flood-meadow
515:Cypress dome
446:Cataract bog
421:Beach meadow
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79:Please help
74:verification
71:
47:
40:
34:
33:Please help
30:
1219:agriculture
1151:Telmatology
1146:River delta
1013:Ramsar site
1003:Marsh organ
902:Hydric soil
781:Vernal pool
764:Shrub swamp
632:Tidal marsh
461:Plateau bog
451:Coastal bog
441:Blanket bog
240:Swampbuster
191:introducing
1332:Categories
1111:Bog butter
807:Bog garden
800:Artificial
771:Wet meadow
637:High marsh
627:Salt marsh
530:Fen-meadow
498:Alder carr
481:Upland bog
476:String bog
471:Raised bog
299:References
174:references
137:March 2015
107:newspapers
36:improve it
933:Hydrosere
921:Processes
907:Marsh gas
752:Myristica
642:Low marsh
456:Kermi bog
431:Bofedales
411:Backswamp
199:July 2019
42:talk page
1191:Category
1121:Bog-wood
1116:Bog iron
1106:Bog body
928:Halosere
880:Histosol
875:Acrotelm
858:Sphagnum
716:Reed bed
661:Moorland
540:Rich fen
535:Poor fen
390:Wetlands
266:See also
252:cropland
248:wetlands
1156:Turbary
1136:Estuary
711:Pothole
701:Pocosin
666:Mudflat
505:Ciénega
488:Callows
404:Natural
187:improve
121:scholar
726:Slough
681:Pakihi
671:Muskeg
597:Kettle
567:Guelta
176:, but
123:
116:
109:
102:
94:
1217:This
822:Swale
791:Yaéré
754:swamp
731:Swamp
686:Palsa
676:Oasis
656:Misse
607:Marsh
577:Igapó
572:Hamun
547:Flark
520:Dambo
416:Bayou
342:(PDF)
333:from
128:JSTOR
114:books
1289:stub
1223:stub
1018:List
885:Peat
840:Life
706:Pond
651:Mere
602:Lagg
582:Ings
493:Carr
100:news
525:Fen
436:Bog
250:to
83:by
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
