174:, whose first president became the king's physician Samuel Skragge. But despite this, the supply remained insufficient. Even in qualitative terms, the military medical service continued to be very deficient despite all the repeated tightening of regulations. The reasons were many, not least of an economic and social nature. Wages were small, and in his subordination relations, for example, the company barber was equated with the community, whose uniform he wore. Throughout the 18th century, conditions remained largely unchanged. Sweden's military history from this time carefully shows the unfortunate consequences of the neglected health care in the army and navy. The military companies were often paralyzed by the great morbidity, and the casualties by the enemy's weapons during the Finnish wars in the 18th century constituted a vanishing insignificance against the casualties by diseases. And little or nothing was done to help the shortage of capable military surgeons. It is true that one or more scientifically trained surgeon were sometimes employed at the
305:) – and partly in the home district. The surgeons referred to in the mobilization plans for this purpose serve at the various field formations. The army surgeons, who was in charge of health care in its entirety, served at the headquarters; the division surgeons in the army division quarters, the regimental and battalion surgeons at the troop units, the medical companies and the field hospitals; furthermore, in the field staging area service, special staging area surgeons in the headquarters, at the staging area hospitals, the staging area medical cadres, in the sick camps, in medical transport by rail and waterway and more; and finally in the home district deputy military surgeons of various degrees.
384:
223:. New regulations were issued in 1812, which abolished the military organization of the corps, and its members were placed without their own chief both under the said college and under the authority of the relevant military commander. The military surgeons thus found themselves in a strange position. If one excludes those serving in the same troop unit, they became without any connection with each other. Admittedly, they belonged to the name of a corps, which, in the absence of a chief, was really just a collective term for the surgeons employed by the army.
370:
203:). The more detailed regulatory provisions with stricter requirements for education and more were issued in 1808 during the ongoing Finnish-Russian war, which the new organization unfortunately did not have time to implement. At that time, however, no army in Europe owned a sanitation organization. For a long time, however, this organization did not become permanent. Under the fresh impression of the said war, proposals were made at the
130:
appoint experienced surgeons for so many thousands of our brave officers and honest warriors, who dare life and blood for the fatherland - - - so we commanded that henceforth the same severity and manners should be used in the interrogations and rehearsals with all the barbers who are to be admitted by the militia to land and water, who are common with the others
271:, a regimental surgeon was appointed to, as a division surgeon (with the rank of lieutenant colonel) before the army division commander, be the rapporteur on matters concerning the medical and veterinary services within the division, to carry out inspections, etc. Battalion surgeons, 2 classes with higher and lower salaries and the rank of
121:
utse välerfarna kirurger för så många tusende Våra brafva officerare och redliga krigsmän, som våga lif och blod för fäderneslandet - - - så befalle Vi, att hädanefter skall brukas samma stränghet och maner i förhören och profven med alla de barberare, som skola antagas vid milisen till lands och vatten, som öfligt är med de andra
190:
of 6 August 1806, however, the
Swedish military medical service underwent one of the most important and radical changes, when it was stipulated that all surgeons employed in the army in peace and war would constitute a special establishment, militarily organized and subordinate under its own, only
413:
in the front from the collar and all the way down, around the cuffs and on the pocket flaps. Epaulettes of earlier model were worn. The trousers were of dark blue broadcloth with a red piping along the outer seam. For summer use, trousers of linen or other white fabric were used. In 1886 military
289:
degree conscripts and
Licentiate of Medicine degree conscripts who had completed conscription recruitment school; the staff was obliged to serve even in peacetime. The regular military surgeons were appointed by the king according to a proposal made by the National Swedish Board of Health and the
120:
då Vi förnimme, att barberareämbetet icke härtilldags varit vandt att med samma vikt och sorgfällighet examinera de mästare, som antagas vid vår milis till lands och vatten, som dem hvilka sig i
Stockholm nedersätta, hvilket Oss sällsamt förekommer, likasom vore det mindre angeläget att välja och
129:
when we perceive that the barber's office has not at this time been accustomed to examine with the same weight and care the masters who are admitted to our militia to land and water, as those who settle in
Stockholm, which occurs to us strangely, just as it would be less important to choose and
231:
Subsequently, a large number of committees, which had dealt with the issue of the organization of military health care, had spoken out against such an arrangement, including in 1905, which was appointed to prepare proposals for changes in the organization of the army's central administrative
336:
and lieutenant colonel, respectively), 6 field surgeons (lieutenant colonel), 49 regimental surgeons (majors), 55 battalion surgeons at troop units, hospitals and more (captain), 44 battalion surgeons at the Army
Medical Corps (captain, respectively lieutenant) and 24 field surgeon students
285:, were commanded for duty, when the need arose. The Army Medical Corps reserve consisted partly of military surgeons who, after reaching retirement age, retired from service with a pension, partly of military surgeons who before reaching retirement age retired from service, and partly of
279:, generally performed the daily duty (medical care, etc.). A battalion surgeon with the salary of an older battalion surgeons served as an assistant in the National Board of Health. Field surgeon students, 2 classes with different salaries and the rank of lieutenant and
107:
could gain employment as a regimental or company barber. It was not until 1669 that it was decided that they would be examined like other surgeons before admission. That this examination, however, left much to be desired, appears from a
414:
surgeons got tunic m/1886 with black lining, collar and cuffs of black velvet and with three blind button holes on each cuff. Red piping along the front edge of the tunic, on the
Prussian collar and around the cuffs.
838:
236:
of 1907, it was decided to reorganize the army's central administrative authority and thus also to establish a
Medical Board. In this way, the top management of health care in the Land Defense (
418:
straps were of golden braid and lined with red cloth. Alternativly a dark blue coat m/1888, double breasted with five buttons in each row, no cuffs and with pleated gilded shoulder straps or
833:
232:
authority. Numerous partial improvements during the early 20th century had been made for the initial transformation of the
Swedish Army Medical Corps and the sanitation system. At the
595:
818:
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459:
317:
309:
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in 1810 for strong measures to counteract the noted errors in the field administration. The consequences were, among other things, the establishment of
353:
263:); the Army Medical Corps also included 6 assistant surgeons at the General Garrison Hospital in Stockholm. The regimental surgeons (with the rank of
44:
68:'s time there were no scientifically trained physicians in the country. The only medical care available at that time was provided by so-called
733:
Svenska högre ämbetsmän från 1634: högre ämbetsmän och chefer för statliga verk inom central och lokal förvaltning m.m. : namn och årtal
680:
463:
426:
m/1886 was of grey broadcloth. Later greatcout m/04 of greybrown-green broadcloth and with grey lining might be worn. Cap m/1865–1899 with
91:
in the event of mobilization and wars. But since no special regulations on any kind of qualification existed, this also explains why the
823:
259:), rapporteur for sanitary affairs in the Medical Board, 52 regimental surgeons, 90 battalion surgeons and 60 field surgeon students (
178:, but since these usually left the military service after the end of the war, the improvements they made were of a temporary nature.
713:
170:, why even the resort was resorted to sending students directly to undergo their lessons in the school of war and graduate before a
245:
200:
95:'s medical care for such a long time and to such an extent was handled by registered or immigrated more or less unskilled German
332:). In the early 1920s, the corps (excluding the reserve) consisted of 1 surgeon-general (major general), 1 chief army surgeon (
450:
circa 1859 and later m/1899 for officer. Cartouche of black leather was carried in a strap of yellow hide over left shoulder.
422:
m/1829–1854, double breasted with eight buttons in each row could be worn. Trousers m/1872 had red piping in the outer seams.
85:
s (200–500 men). By the regulations of 1571, the barbers was obliged to provide the army and navy with the required number of
349:
211:
as an educational institution for the formation of military surgeons, the construction of the
General Garrison Hospital (
286:
383:
293:
In the field, the regular medical staff was strengthened with extra surgeons, as far as the availability allowed. The
706:
A Swedish-English dictionary of technical terms used in business, industry, administration, education and research
255:), the Swedish Army Medical Corps consisted of 203 members in active service, namely: 1 surgeon (with the rank of
166:'s wars, however, it proved impossible for the surgical society to provide the army with the required number of
773:(in Swedish). Vol. 35 (New, rev. and rich illusion. ed.). Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förl.
409:, single breasted with eight buttons, open and slanted Prussian collar with a red flap on each side, red
754:(in Swedish). Vol. 9 (New, rev. and rich illusion. ed.). Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förl.
252:
163:
669:
Uniforms of the
Swedish Army. P. 3, Artillery, other branches and standard uniforms of the 20th century
515:
508:
256:
240:) and the command of the surgeons employed by the same had been arranged in a more uniform manner. The
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267:), generally one in each regiment and corps, were responsible for the health care there. Within each
208:
192:
797:
774:
755:
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719:
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Major Fritz Osbeck (1849–1914) dressed in uniform for a surgeon in the Swedish Army Medical Corps.
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65:
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521:
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Army Medical Board; students and assistant surgeons were appointed by the latter authorities.
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40:
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Svenska arméns uniformer. D. 3, Artilleriet, övriga truppslag och 1900-talets enhetsuniformer
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24:
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with turned up tails and two rows of buttons on the chest. In 1845 a tunic of dark blue
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Cap m/1865 for a lieutenant in the Swedish Army Medical Corps with cap plate and plume.
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187:
175:
145:
138:
109:
812:
298:
92:
36:
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Fältläkarkåren: vars första reglemente fastställes år 1808 ägnas denna festskrift
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Svensk-engelsk fackordbok för näringsliv, förvaltning, undervisning och forskning
16:
Former administrative corps for military surgeons of the Swedish Army (1806-1969)
276:
78:
596:"Kungörelse (1969:409) med anledning av inrättande av försvarets medicinalkår"
406:
333:
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service was organized partly in the battlefield – at the troop units and the
796:. Tidskrift i militär hälsovård, 99-0645152-1 ; 83 (in Swedish). 1958.
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76:), and in 1556 Gustav I prescribed that barbers should be appointed in the
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99:. Probably anyone who was somewhat knowledgeable in the profession of
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before the king responsible chief; he would be a member of both the
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received its first royal regulations with the obligation to train
32:
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In 1969, the Swedish Army Medical Corps was amalgamated with the
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In 1908, in addition to the chief army surgeon (with the rank of
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The chief of the Swedish Army Medical Corps until 1943 was the
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767:
Westrin, Theodor; Fahlstedt, Eugène; Söderberg, eds. (1923).
566:
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Nordisk familjebok: konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi
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Nordisk familjebok: konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi
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708:] (in Swedish) (2nd ed.). Stockholm: Norstedt.
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and cap button m/1865 could at parade be furnished with
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The following year, the barber's office under the name
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Military units and formations disestablished in 1969
219:
and the Swedish Army Medical Corps' placement under
834:Military units and formations established in 1806
328:) and field surgeon instead of division surgeon (
248:, now became head of the said health care board.
324:), chief army surgeon instead of field surgeon (
60:Quite late, actual physicians were employed in
43:. In 1969 the corps was amalmagated into the
8:
470:Surgeons-General of the Swedish Armed Forces
460:Surgeon-General of the Swedish Armed Forces
644:
623:
244:, who had previously been a member of the
354:Medical Corps of the Swedish Armed Forces
45:Medical Corps of the Swedish Armed Forces
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819:Military administrative corps of Sweden
583:Westrin, Fahlstedt & Söderberg 1923
570:
538:
829:Medical units and formations of Sweden
675:(in Swedish). Stockholm: Armémuseum].
496:Surgeons-in-Chief of the Swedish Army
346:Swedish Naval Medical Officers’ Corps
64:by the armed forces, because even in
7:
464:Surgeon-in-Chief of the Swedish Army
162:to the needs of the country. During
735:(in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt.
112:from 1685, in which it is stated:
14:
382:
368:
308:From 1 January 1915, the titles
246:National Swedish Board of Health
201:National Swedish Board of Health
31:, Flk) was from 1806 to 1969 an
172:collegium chirurgicum castrense
748:Westrin, Theodor, ed. (1908).
661:Braunstein, Christian (2013).
1:
350:Swedish Army Veterinary Corps
316:) were introduced instead of
698:Gullberg, Ingvar E. (1977).
438:m/1865 of black horse hair.
287:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
56:16th century to 18th century
491:1943–1943: Oskar Nordlander
475:1915–1917: Anton Nettelblad
213:Allmänna garnisonssjukhuset
855:
481:1930–1939: Richard Erhardt
462:and from 1943 to 1969 the
21:Swedish Army Medical Corps
824:Corps of the Swedish Army
731:Lewenhaupt, Sten (1962).
118:
478:1917–1930: Fritz Bauer
127:
28:
339:fältläkarstipendiater
261:fältläkarstipendiater
401:In 1806 a dark blue
209:Karolinska Institute
33:administrative corps
454:Commanding officers
442:Arms and strappings
352:, which formed the
156:Societas chirurgica
573:, pp. 225–230
446:Side weapons were
360:Uniforms 1812–1905
318:chief army surgeon
257:lieutenant colonel
242:chief army surgeon
682:978-91-86478-43-8
522:Gustav Hesselblad
330:fördelningsläkare
314:generalfältläkare
303:fältetappväsendet
221:Collegium medicum
197:Collegium medicum
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41:military surgeons
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787:Further reading
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598:(in Swedish).
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188:letters patent
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139:Letters patent
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110:letters patent
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29:Fältläkarkåren
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604:. Retrieved
602:. 1969-05-29
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93:Swedish Army
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37:Swedish Army
20:
18:
520:1960–1971:
514:1953–1960:
507:1949–1953:
501:1943–1953:
484:1939–1943:
193:War College
164:Charles XII
70:bardskärare
66:Gustav Vasa
813:Categories
528:References
407:broadcloth
326:fältläkare
277:lieutenant
424:Greatcoat
416:Epaulette
301:service (
227:1900–1969
217:Stockholm
168:feldshers
160:feldshers
97:feldshers
88:feldshers
691:15180486
606:11 April
511:(acting)
488:(acting)
348:and the
195:and the
148:of 1685
141:of 1685
105:dressing
79:fähnlein
802:2386684
779:8072220
760:8072220
741:8075040
724:8345587
600:Riksdag
432:pom-pom
428:cockade
420:surtout
334:colonel
273:captain
234:Riksdag
205:Riksdag
101:bandage
74:barbers
51:History
35:of the
25:Swedish
800:
798:SELIBR
777:
775:SELIBR
758:
756:SELIBR
739:
737:SELIBR
722:
720:SELIBR
712:
689:
687:SELIBR
679:
671:]
411:piping
62:Sweden
704:[
673:(PDF)
667:[
655:Print
533:Notes
448:sabre
436:plume
403:tunic
265:major
215:) in
83:'
710:ISBN
677:ISBN
608:2019
275:and
103:and
19:The
186:By
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718:.
685:.
631:^
616:^
553:^
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356:.
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743:.
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337:(
320:(
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