49:
240:". This case established a "stream of commerce" (or "current of commerce") argument that allows Congress to regulate things that fall into either category. In particular it allowed Congress to regulate the Chicago slaughterhouse industry. Even though the slaughterhouse supposedly dealt with only intrastate matters, the butchering of meat was merely a "station" along the way between cow and meat. Thus, as it was part of the greater
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of 1890. The evidence at trial demonstrated that the "Big Six" leading meatpackers were engaged in a conspiracy to fix prices and divide the market for livestock and meat in their quest for higher prices and higher profits. They blacklisted competitors who failed to go along, used false bids, and
268:
When they were hit with federal injunctions in 1902, the Big Six agreed to merge into one
National Packing Company in 1903 to continue to control the trade internally. The case was heard by the Supreme Court in 1905, shortly after it struck down a similar consolidation and the
265:
accepted rebates from the railroads. The six companies involved were Swift, Armour, Morris, Cudahy, Wilson and
Schwartzchild. Together, they did $ 700 million a year in business and controlled half of the national market, and up to 75% in New York City.
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broadened the meaning of "interstate" commerce by including actions that were part of the chain where the chain was clearly interstate in character. In this case, the chain ran from farm to retail store and crossed many state lines.
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ruled that the
Commerce Clause allowed the federal government to regulate monopolies if it has a direct effect on commerce. It marked the success of the
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291:, which depicted horribly unsanitary conditions in Chicago's meatpacking plants, supported the decision. Congress followed by passing in 1906 both the
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Levin, Leslie A. "One Man's Meat Is
Another Man's Poison: Imagery of Wholesomeness in the Discourse of Meatpacking from 1900–1910,"
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The federal government's victory in the case encouraged it to pursue other antitrust actions. Public opinion, outraged by
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The
Commerce Clause allows the federal government to regulate monopolies if it has a direct effect on commerce.
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that was between the several states, Congress can regulate it. The Court's decision halted price fixing by
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Gordon, David. "Swift & Co. v. United States: The Beef Trust and the Stream of
Commerce Doctrine,"
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3357:
3317:
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1995:
988:
778:
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Libecap, Gary D. "The rise of the
Chicago packers and the origins of meat inspection and antitrust,"
153:
141:
495:
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27:"Beef Trust" redirects here. For Billy Maxwell's large-sized female burlesque entertainers, see
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Great Events from
History II: Business and Commerce Series Volume 1 1897-1923 (1994) pp 107-111
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Baldwin, William L. (1969). "The
Feedback Effect of Business Conduct on Industry Structure".
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The case originated in 1902 when
President Theodore Roosevelt directed his Attorney General
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Magill, ed., Frank N. "The Supreme Court upholds Prosecution of the Beef Trust," in
352:"The Supreme Court upholds Prosecution of the Beef Trust," in Frank N. Magill, ed.,
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2804:
88:
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2707:
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104:
3486:
Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank
2749:
College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
354:
Great Events from History II: Business and Commerce Series Volume 1 1897–1923
2725:
San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Committee
1272:
Oregon Waste Systems, Inc. v. Department of Environmental Quality of Oregon
260:
to bring a lawsuit against the "Beef Trust" on antitrust grounds using the
734:
Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission
1304:
United Haulers Ass'n v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority
449:
444:
Walker, Francis. "The "Beef Trust" and the United States Government,"
412:
3326:
Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp.
2922:
Quality King Distributors Inc., v. L'anza Research International Inc.
100:
1627:
Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Association, Inc.
522:
3278:
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp.
2028:
Consolidated Safety-Valve Co. v. Crosby Steam Gauge & Valve Co.
392:
4283:
4241:
4034:
3916:
3836:
3762:
3494:
J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.
1810:
1753:
1023:
906:
858:
813:
760:
691:
638:
585:
543:
48:
2789:
Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc.
2659:
Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Manufacturing Co.
3286:
Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co.
3638:
Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.
3606:
Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc.
1443:
Houston East & West Texas Railway Co. v. United States
3294:
Aro Manufacturing Co. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co.
2890:
Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co.
4331:
Northeast Bancorp v. Federal Reserve Board of Governors
1723:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
1072:
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois
1005:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
2757:
Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Leatherman Tool Group, Inc.
1958:
General Talking Pictures Corp. v. Western Electric Co.
4415:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Fuller Court
3010:
Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corp. v. Wall-Street.com
2850:
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
1926:
Hollister v. Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Co.
1176:
Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission
325:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 196
3590:
Stanford University v. Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.
3176:
Fortnightly Corp. v. United Artists Television, Inc.
2717:
Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc.
2012:
City of Elizabeth v. American Nicholson Pavement Co.
1651:
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
1336:
Tennessee Wine and Spirits Retailers Assn. v. Thomas
4074:
4051:
3712:
3502:
Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co.
3366:
Anderson's-Black Rock, Inc. v. Pavement Salvage Co.
3210:
3044:
2831:
2706:
2677:
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2514:
2429:
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1968:
1906:
1861:
1824:
1767:
1354:
1037:
209:
198:
193:
122:
112:
80:
67:
60:
41:
3222:Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co.
3072:Order of St. Benedict of New Jersey v. Steinhauser
1232:South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke
3882:Immigration and Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr
3526:Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
3462:Warner-Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.
3262:Sinclair & Carroll Co. v. Interchemical Corp.
2765:TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc.
1547:United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Ass'n
3898:Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam
3740:Patent and Trademark Office v. Booking.com B. V.
3694:TC Heartland LLC v. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC
2773:Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.
2318:United Dictionary Co. v. G. & C. Merriam Co.
1320:Comptroller of the Treasury of Maryland v. Wynne
1224:White v. Mass. Council of Construction Employers
880:Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
4395:United States Constitution Article One case law
4195:Energy Reserves Group v. Kansas P. & L. Co.
3662:Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc.
3438:Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc.
2994:American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.
1467:A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
228:, 196 U.S. 375 (1905), was a case in which the
4405:United States Dormant Commerce Clause case law
4211:Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis
3670:Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. v. Sandoz, Inc.
3374:Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc.
3160:Miller Music Corp. v. Charles N. Daniels, Inc.
3080:International News Service v. Associated Press
2605:F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, Inc.
2597:Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons
2464:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
2326:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
419:Journal of American & Comparative Cultures
3724:G. & C. Merriam Co. v. Syndicate Pub. Co.
3566:Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc.
3088:L. A. Westermann Co. v. Dispatch Printing Co.
2930:Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.
1595:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
555:
8:
2688:Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC
2533:DeJonge and Co. v. Breuker & Kessler Co.
2403:Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC
4155:Home Building & Loan Ass'n v. Blaisdell
3192:Teleprompter Corp. v. Columbia Broadcasting
3002:Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc.
2874:Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid
2842:Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.
2637:Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States
1515:McGoldrick v. Berwind-White Coal Mining Co.
1280:C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown
4280:
4238:
4048:
4031:
3913:
3833:
3759:
3510:Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd.
1821:
1807:
1764:
1750:
1459:Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. Olsen
1312:Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis
1034:
1020:
903:
855:
810:
757:
688:
635:
582:
562:
548:
540:
38:
3270:Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co.
3168:Pub. Affairs Associates, Inc. v. Rickover
2448:McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.
2411:United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.
2395:Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States
2387:Straus v. American Publishers Association
2294:McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.
439:Corporate Concentration and Public Policy
3582:Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S.A.
3302:Compco Corp. v. Day-Brite Lighting, Inc.
3056:American Lithographic Co. v. Werkmeister
2978:Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2286:Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Co.
1499:NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
1208:Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp.
949:Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
4187:Allied Structural Steel Co. v. Spannaus
3598:Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership
2914:Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int'l, Inc.
2629:Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co.
2589:Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp.
2214:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
1344:National Pork Producers Council v. Ross
1264:Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Hunt
1088:George W. Bush & Sons Co. v. Malloy
957:Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.
441:(1942), chapter 23 on the meat industry
336:
3550:KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc.
3446:Eli Lilly & Co. v. Medtronic, Inc.
3200:Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken
2866:Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
1507:United States v. Carolene Products Co.
273:case of 1904. Speaking for the court,
4355:Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez
4115:Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
3686:Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.
3654:Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International
3454:Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc.
3238:United States v. General Electric Co.
3018:Rimini Street Inc. v. Oracle USA Inc.
2986:Petrella v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.
2821:Romag Fasteners, Inc. v. Fossil, Inc.
2741:Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co.
1531:United States v. Wrightwood Dairy Co.
1427:Southern Railway Co. v. United States
1056:Willson v. Black-Bird Creek Marsh Co.
641:Qualifications Clauses of Sections II
36:1905 United States Supreme Court case
7:
4420:Meat processing in the United States
4179:U.S. Trust Co. of N.Y. v. New Jersey
3120:George v. Victor Talking Machine Co.
3034:Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.
2733:Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc.
2667:Morton Salt Co. v. G.S. Suppiger Co.
2456:American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister
2310:Werckmeister v. American Tobacco Co.
2302:American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister
1675:Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
1387:Cooper Manufacturing Co. v. Ferguson
1216:Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas
1168:Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady
3732:Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co.
3678:Kimble v. Marvel Entertainment, LLC
2954:MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
2781:Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc.
2488:Caliga v. Inter Ocean Newspaper Co.
2431:International Copyright Act of 1891
1192:Exxon Corp. v. Governor of Maryland
3542:MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.
2906:Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.
2797:POM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co.
1635:Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana
1619:National League of Cities v. Usery
1184:City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey
1136:Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines, Inc.
726:U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
665:U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
612:Department of Commerce v. New York
54:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
18:Swift and Company v. United States
4410:United States Supreme Court cases
3558:Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp.
3518:eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.
3390:United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.
3230:Minerals Separation, Ltd. v. Hyde
2581:Washingtonian Pub. Co. v. Pearson
2565:Buck v. Jewell-LaSalle Realty Co.
2419:Broadcast Music, Inc. v. CBS Inc.
1523:United States v. Darby Lumber Co.
1411:United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
1288:West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy
473:375 (1905) is available from:
409:American Journal of Legal History
310:United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
4400:United States antitrust case law
4363:Texas v. New Mexico and Colorado
3470:Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc.
3246:United States v. Univis Lens Co.
3096:Lumiere v. Mae Edna Wilder, Inc.
1160:Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp.
1144:National Bellas Hess v. Illinois
1120:Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison
1080:Swift & Co. v. United States
463:Swift & Co. v. United States
234:Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
225:Swift & Co. v. United States
47:
42:Swift & Co. v. United States
3976:Garner v. Board of Public Works
3104:Educational Films Corp. v. Ward
2962:Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick
2334:Dun v. Lumbermen's Credit Ass'n
1563:H.P. Hood & Sons v. Du Mond
1112:Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona
4390:1905 in United States case law
2153:Mifflin v. R. H. White Company
1096:Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc.
965:Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.
1:
4163:W.B. Worthen Co. v. Kavanaugh
4091:Dartmouth College v. Woodward
2679:Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
2472:Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker
2378:Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
1950:Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell
1851:Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker
1328:South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.
1248:Healy v. Beer Institute, Inc.
840:United States v. Munoz-Flores
61:Argued January 6, 9, 1905
4265:Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan
2938:New York Times Co. v. Tasini
1942:Schillinger v. United States
1579:Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan
1128:Miller Bros. Co. v. Maryland
381:Journal of Law and Economics
3765:Necessary and Proper Clause
3534:LabCorp v. Metabolite, Inc.
2858:Mills Music, Inc. v. Snyder
2342:Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus
1483:Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan
1256:Quill Corp. v. North Dakota
888:Clinton v. City of New York
318:Skidmore v. Swift & Co.
230:United States Supreme Court
4446:
4171:City of El Paso v. Simmons
3818:United States v. Kebodeaux
3310:Wilbur-Ellis Co. v. Kuther
1571:Henderson v. United States
1152:Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc.
1064:Cooley v. Board of Wardens
909:Taxing and Spending Clause
532:Oyez (oral argument audio)
26:
4307:Virginia v. West Virginia
4293:
4279:
4251:
4237:
4047:
4030:
3930:
3919:No Bills of Attainder or
3912:
3852:
3832:
3810:United States v. Comstock
3772:
3758:
3152:Commissioner v. Wodehouse
2557:Fox Film Corp. v. Knowles
2504:Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros.
1820:
1806:
1763:
1749:
1707:United States v. Morrison
1659:New York v. United States
1555:North American Co. v. SEC
1491:Carter v. Carter Coal Co.
1033:
1019:
941:Springer v. United States
919:
902:
868:
854:
826:
809:
773:
756:
704:
687:
651:
634:
598:
581:
275:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
214:
127:
117:
46:
4099:Sturges v. Crowninshield
3992:Barr v. City of Columbia
3944:Sturges v. Crowninshield
3702:Peter v. NantKwest, Inc.
3334:Graham v. John Deere Co.
3128:KVOS v. Associated Press
2898:Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc.
2696:Dowling v. United States
2480:Bong v. Campbell Art Co.
2440:Press Pub. Co. v. Monroe
2358:Bong v. Campbell Art Co.
832:Flint v. Stone Tracy Co.
787:United States v. Johnson
63:Decided January 30, 1905
4203:Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton
3406:Sakraida v. Ag Pro Inc.
3184:Goldstein v. California
3112:Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal
2525:Hills and Co. v. Hoover
2496:Hills and Co. v. Hoover
1731:Taylor v. United States
1039:Dormant Commerce Clause
973:United States v. Butler
925:Hylton v. United States
795:Gravel v. United States
763:Speech or Debate Clause
437:Purdy, Harry L. et al.
428:(1992) 30#2 pp 242–262.
421:(2001) 24#1‐2 pp 1–14.
411:(1984) 28#3 pp 244–279
4339:New Jersey v. New York
3794:Sabri v. United States
3622:Bowman v. Monsanto Co.
3422:Diamond v. Chakrabarty
3342:United States v. Adams
2621:De Sylva v. Ballentine
2541:Herbert v. Shanley Co.
2366:Henry v. A.B. Dick Co.
2206:Schreiber v. Sharpless
1988:Hotchkiss v. Greenwood
1699:Jones v. United States
1691:United States v. Locke
1667:United States v. Lopez
997:Sabri v. United States
293:Pure Food and Drug Act
29:Beef Trust (burlesque)
4315:Virginia v. Tennessee
3778:McCulloch v. Maryland
2833:Copyright Act of 1976
2573:Douglas v. Cunningham
2516:Copyright Act of 1909
2222:Thornton v. Schreiber
2173:Copyright Act of 1870
2048:Copyright Act of 1831
1826:Copyright Act of 1790
1788:Juilliard v. Greenman
1603:Katzenbach v. McClung
1435:Hoke v. United States
1200:Reeves, Inc. v. Stake
1104:Edwards v. California
448:(1906) 16#64 491-514
262:Sherman Antitrust Act
4347:Virginia v. Maryland
4244:Import-Export Clause
4131:Stone v. Mississippi
3786:Lambert v. Yellowley
3646:FTC v. Actavis, Inc.
3382:Gottschalk v. Benson
3358:Lear, Inc. v. Adkins
3318:Brulotte v. Thys Co.
2278:Bolles v. Outing Co.
2145:Bolles v. Outing Co.
989:South Dakota v. Dole
779:Kilbourn v. Thompson
450:online free in JSTOR
178:Oliver W. Holmes Jr.
4064:Hepburn v. Griswold
4008:Kansas v. Hendricks
3984:De Veau v. Braisted
3254:Altvater v. Freeman
2262:Belford v. Scribner
2246:Thompson v. Hubbard
2230:Banks v. Manchester
2081:Stevens v. Gladding
1980:Pennock v. Dialogue
1908:Patent infringement
1587:Boynton v. Virginia
1451:Hammer v. Dagenhart
657:Powell v. McCormack
514:Library of Congress
297:Meat Inspection Act
271:Northern Securities
246:Swift & Company
236:in destroying the "
4430:History of Chicago
4299:Florida v. Georgia
4054:Legal Tender Cases
3968:Samuels v. McCurdy
3960:Hawker v. New York
3890:Boumediene v. Bush
3478:Dickinson v. Zurko
2946:Eldred v. Ashcroft
2549:Manners v. Morosco
2350:Scribner v. Straus
2254:Higgins v. Keuffel
2238:Callaghan v. Myers
2121:Higgins v. Keuffel
2113:Callaghan v. Myers
2020:Egbert v. Lippmann
2004:Cochrane v. Deener
1863:Patent Act of 1793
1770:Legal Tender Cases
1539:Wickard v. Filburn
981:Helvering v. Davis
861:Presentment Clause
816:Origination Clause
588:Enumeration Clause
571:U.S. Supreme Court
202:Holmes, joined by
138:Associate Justices
99:25 S. Ct. 276; 49
4377:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4275:
4274:
4257:Brown v. Maryland
4233:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4123:Bronson v. Kinzie
4107:Ogden v. Saunders
4026:
4025:
3908:
3907:
3866:Ex parte Merryman
3842:Suspension Clause
3828:
3827:
3802:Gonzales v. Raich
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3350:Brenner v. Manson
3144:Buck v. Gallagher
3064:Ferris v. Frohman
2813:Iancu v. Brunetti
2182:Perris v. Hexamer
2161:Mifflin v. Dutton
2057:Wheaton v. Peters
1996:O'Reilly v. Morse
1934:Rowell v. Lindsay
1835:Wheaton v. Peters
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1715:Gonzales v. Raich
1611:Maryland v. Wirtz
1475:Gold Clause Cases
1296:Granholm v. Heald
1048:Brown v. Maryland
1015:
1014:
898:
897:
850:
849:
805:
804:
752:
751:
683:
682:
630:
629:
620:Trump v. New York
356:(1994) pp 107–111
221:
220:
16:(Redirected from
4437:
4281:
4239:
4083:Fletcher v. Peck
4049:
4032:
3952:Ex parte Garland
3914:
3858:Ex parte Bollman
3834:
3760:
3574:Bilski v. Kappos
3430:Diamond v. Diehr
3398:Dann v. Johnston
2882:Stewart v. Abend
2190:Trade-Mark Cases
2073:Stephens v. Cady
1896:Evans v. Hettich
1822:
1813:Copyright Clause
1808:
1765:
1751:
1419:Champion v. Ames
1379:Paul v. Virginia
1363:Gibbons v. Ogden
1035:
1021:
933:Collector v. Day
904:
873:Pocket Veto Case
856:
811:
758:
710:Ex parte Siebold
694:Elections Clause
689:
636:
583:
564:
557:
550:
541:
536:
530:
527:
521:
518:
512:
509:
503:
500:
494:
491:
485:
482:
476:
446:Economic Journal
426:Economic inquiry
404:
366:
363:
357:
350:
344:
341:
248:and its allies.
166:Rufus W. Peckham
123:Court membership
75:v. United States
51:
50:
39:
21:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4369:
4323:Wharton v. Wise
4289:
4271:
4247:
4225:
4070:
4043:
4037:Contract Clause
4022:
3926:
3904:
3848:
3824:
3768:
3767:of Section VIII
3746:
3715:trademark cases
3708:
3614:Kappos v. Hyatt
3414:Parker v. Flook
3206:
3047:copyright cases
3040:
3026:Allen v. Cooper
2970:Golan v. Holder
2827:
2702:
2673:
2643:
2510:
2425:
2372:
2198:Merrell v. Tice
2167:
2129:Holmes v. Hurst
2105:Baker v. Selden
2065:Backus v. Gould
2042:
1964:
1918:Evans v. Jordan
1902:
1857:
1816:
1815:of Section VIII
1794:
1759:
1758:of Section VIII
1737:
1643:EEOC v. Wyoming
1395:Kidd v. Pearson
1371:Passenger Cases
1350:
1240:Maine v. Taylor
1029:
1028:of Section VIII
1026:Commerce Clause
1011:
915:
894:
864:
846:
822:
801:
769:
748:
742:Moore v. Harper
700:
679:
673:Cook v. Gralike
647:
626:
594:
577:
568:
534:
528:
525:
519:
516:
510:
507:
501:
498:
492:
489:
483:
480:
474:
458:
378:
375:
373:Further reading
370:
369:
364:
360:
351:
347:
342:
338:
333:
305:
254:
216:Commerce Clause
176:
164:
162:Edward D. White
152:
150:David J. Brewer
134:Melville Fuller
108:
73:Swift & Co.
62:
56:
37:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4443:
4441:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4382:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4359:
4351:
4343:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4303:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4286:Compact Clause
4284:
4277:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4261:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4242:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4219:Sveen v. Melin
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4147:Block v. Hirsh
4143:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4095:
4087:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4059:
4057:
4045:
4044:
4035:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4012:
4004:
4000:Teague v. Lane
3996:
3988:
3980:
3972:
3964:
3956:
3948:
3940:
3936:Calder v. Bull
3931:
3928:
3927:
3917:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3894:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3837:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3798:
3790:
3782:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3763:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3736:
3728:
3719:
3717:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3698:
3690:
3682:
3674:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3642:
3634:
3630:Gunn v. Minton
3626:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3554:
3546:
3538:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3442:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3402:
3394:
3386:
3378:
3370:
3362:
3354:
3346:
3338:
3330:
3322:
3314:
3306:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3226:
3217:
3215:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3140:
3132:
3124:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3084:
3076:
3068:
3060:
3051:
3049:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3030:
3022:
3014:
3006:
2998:
2990:
2982:
2974:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2854:
2846:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2817:
2809:
2801:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2721:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2692:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2663:
2654:
2652:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2633:
2625:
2617:
2613:Mazer v. Stein
2609:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2577:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2537:
2529:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2382:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2306:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2097:Paige v. Banks
2093:
2089:Little v. Hall
2085:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2052:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2036:Voss v. Fisher
2032:
2024:
2016:
2008:
2000:
1992:
1984:
1975:
1973:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1930:
1922:
1913:
1911:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1892:
1888:Evans v. Eaton
1884:
1880:Evans v. Eaton
1876:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1847:
1843:Paige v. Banks
1839:
1830:
1828:
1818:
1817:
1811:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1784:
1775:
1773:
1761:
1760:
1756:Coinage Clause
1754:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1683:Reno v. Condon
1679:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1543:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1511:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1415:
1407:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1375:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1332:
1324:
1316:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1220:
1212:
1204:
1196:
1188:
1180:
1172:
1164:
1156:
1148:
1140:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1043:
1041:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1001:
993:
985:
977:
969:
961:
953:
945:
937:
929:
920:
917:
916:
907:
900:
899:
896:
895:
893:
892:
884:
876:
869:
866:
865:
863:of Section VII
859:
852:
851:
848:
847:
845:
844:
836:
827:
824:
823:
814:
807:
806:
803:
802:
800:
799:
791:
783:
774:
771:
770:
761:
754:
753:
750:
749:
747:
746:
738:
730:
722:
718:Smiley v. Holm
714:
705:
702:
701:
692:
685:
684:
681:
680:
678:
677:
669:
661:
652:
649:
648:
639:
632:
631:
628:
627:
625:
624:
616:
608:
599:
596:
595:
586:
579:
578:
569:
567:
566:
559:
552:
544:
538:
537:
496:Google Scholar
457:
456:External links
454:
453:
452:
442:
435:
429:
422:
415:
405:
393:10.1086/466662
387:(1): 123–153.
374:
371:
368:
367:
358:
345:
335:
334:
332:
329:
328:
327:
322:
314:
304:
301:
283:Upton Sinclair
258:Philander Knox
253:
250:
219:
218:
212:
211:
207:
206:
200:
196:
195:
191:
190:
189:
188:
186:William R. Day
174:Joseph McKenna
154:Henry B. Brown
142:John M. Harlan
139:
136:
131:
125:
124:
120:
119:
115:
114:
110:
109:
98:
82:
78:
77:
69:
68:Full case name
65:
64:
58:
57:
52:
44:
43:
35:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4442:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4278:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4236:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4139:Smyth v. Ames
4136:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4033:
4029:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3925:of Section IX
3924:
3922:
3921:Ex post facto
3915:
3911:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3874:Ex parte Endo
3871:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3840:Habeas corpus
3835:
3831:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3711:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3136:Gibbs v. Buck
3133:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3090:
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3081:
3077:
3074:
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3069:
3066:
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3061:
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3043:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2987:
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2980:
2979:
2975:
2972:
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2967:
2964:
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2959:
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2911:
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2868:
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2860:
2859:
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2852:
2851:
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2839:
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2836:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:Patent misuse
2646:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2498:
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2490:
2489:
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2477:
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2469:
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2441:
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2432:
2428:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2389:
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2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:Brady v. Daly
2267:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2137:Brady v. Daly
2134:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:Patentability
1967:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:Tyler v. Tuel
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1776:
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1772:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1693:
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1688:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1669:
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1664:
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1624:
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1613:
1612:
1608:
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1600:
1597:
1596:
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1576:
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1572:
1568:
1565:
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1528:
1525:
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1520:
1517:
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1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:
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1440:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1365:
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1360:
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1333:
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1329:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1250:
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1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1185:
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1177:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
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1145:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1050:
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1044:
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1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1007:
1006:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
990:
986:
983:
982:
978:
975:
974:
970:
967:
966:
962:
959:
958:
954:
951:
950:
946:
943:
942:
938:
935:
934:
930:
927:
926:
922:
921:
918:
914:
910:
905:
901:
890:
889:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
871:
870:
867:
862:
857:
853:
842:
841:
837:
834:
833:
829:
828:
825:
821:
817:
812:
808:
797:
796:
792:
789:
788:
784:
781:
780:
776:
775:
772:
768:
764:
759:
755:
744:
743:
739:
736:
735:
731:
728:
727:
723:
720:
719:
715:
712:
711:
707:
706:
703:
699:
695:
690:
686:
675:
674:
670:
667:
666:
662:
659:
658:
654:
653:
650:
646:
642:
637:
633:
622:
621:
617:
614:
613:
609:
606:
605:
604:Utah v. Evans
601:
600:
597:
593:
589:
584:
580:
575:
572:
565:
560:
558:
553:
551:
546:
545:
542:
533:
524:
515:
506:
497:
488:
487:CourtListener
479:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
440:
436:
434:
430:
427:
423:
420:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
377:
376:
372:
365:Walker (1906)
362:
359:
355:
349:
346:
343:Gordon (1984)
340:
337:
330:
326:
323:
320:
319:
315:
312:
311:
307:
306:
302:
300:
298:
294:
290:
289:
284:
279:
276:
272:
266:
263:
259:
251:
249:
247:
243:
242:meat industry
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:
217:
213:
208:
205:
201:
197:
192:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:Chief Justice
129:
128:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
102:
96:
95:
90:
87:
83:
79:
76:
74:
70:
66:
59:
55:
45:
40:
34:
30:
19:
4361:
4353:
4345:
4337:
4329:
4321:
4313:
4305:
4297:
4288:of Section X
4263:
4255:
4246:of Section X
4217:
4209:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4177:
4169:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4105:
4097:
4089:
4081:
4062:
4052:
4016:Smith v. Doe
4014:
4006:
3998:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3966:
3958:
3950:
3942:
3934:
3920:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3856:
3839:
3816:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3784:
3776:
3738:
3730:
3722:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3588:
3580:
3572:
3564:
3556:
3548:
3540:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3484:
3476:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3444:
3436:
3428:
3420:
3412:
3404:
3396:
3388:
3380:
3372:
3364:
3356:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3268:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3213:patent cases
3198:
3190:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3158:
3150:
3142:
3134:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3102:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3054:
3032:
3024:
3016:
3008:
3000:
2992:
2984:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2856:
2848:
2840:
2819:
2811:
2805:Matal v. Tam
2803:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2763:
2755:
2747:
2739:
2731:
2723:
2715:
2694:
2686:
2665:
2657:
2635:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2438:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2393:
2385:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2340:
2332:
2324:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2284:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2034:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1849:
1841:
1833:
1786:
1778:
1768:
1729:
1721:
1713:
1705:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1617:
1609:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1561:
1553:
1545:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1489:
1481:
1473:
1465:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1361:
1342:
1334:
1326:
1318:
1310:
1302:
1294:
1286:
1278:
1270:
1262:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1230:
1222:
1214:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1182:
1174:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1110:
1102:
1094:
1086:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1054:
1046:
1003:
995:
987:
979:
971:
963:
955:
947:
939:
931:
923:
913:Section VIII
886:
878:
838:
830:
793:
785:
777:
740:
732:
724:
716:
708:
671:
663:
655:
618:
610:
602:
462:
445:
438:
432:
425:
418:
408:
384:
380:
361:
353:
348:
339:
316:
308:
286:
280:
267:
255:
237:
224:
223:
222:
210:Laws applied
203:
194:Case opinion
181:
169:
157:
145:
92:
71:
33:
3923:Laws Clause
1780:Knox v. Lee
820:Section VII
4384:Categories
3846:Section IX
2708:Lanham Act
1403:In re Debs
767:Section VI
698:Section IV
592:Section II
523:OpenJurist
331:References
288:The Jungle
238:Beef Trust
105:U.S. LEXIS
103:518; 1905
4041:Section X
574:Article I
401:153607680
285:'s novel
204:unanimous
81:Citations
4425:JBS S.A.
2651:case law
1972:case law
1910:case law
576:case law
461:Text of
413:in JSTOR
303:See also
295:and the
199:Majority
478:Cornell
252:Details
113:Holding
4366:(2018)
4358:(2009)
4350:(2003)
4342:(1998)
4334:(1985)
4326:(1894)
4318:(1893)
4310:(1871)
4302:(1855)
4268:(1951)
4260:(1827)
4222:(2018)
4214:(1987)
4206:(1983)
4198:(1983)
4190:(1978)
4182:(1977)
4174:(1965)
4166:(1935)
4158:(1934)
4150:(1921)
4142:(1898)
4134:(1880)
4126:(1843)
4118:(1837)
4110:(1827)
4102:(1819)
4094:(1819)
4086:(1810)
4075:Others
4067:(1870)
4019:(2003)
4011:(1997)
4003:(1989)
3995:(1964)
3987:(1960)
3979:(1951)
3971:(1925)
3963:(1898)
3955:(1866)
3947:(1819)
3939:(1798)
3901:(2020)
3893:(2008)
3885:(2001)
3877:(1944)
3869:(1861)
3861:(1807)
3821:(2013)
3813:(2010)
3805:(2005)
3797:(2004)
3789:(1926)
3781:(1819)
3743:(2020)
3735:(1938)
3727:(1915)
3713:Other
3705:(2019)
3697:(2017)
3689:(2016)
3681:(2015)
3673:(2015)
3665:(2014)
3657:(2014)
3649:(2013)
3641:(2013)
3633:(2013)
3625:(2013)
3617:(2012)
3609:(2012)
3601:(2011)
3593:(2011)
3585:(2011)
3577:(2010)
3569:(2008)
3561:(2007)
3553:(2007)
3545:(2007)
3537:(2006)
3529:(2006)
3521:(2006)
3513:(2005)
3505:(2002)
3497:(2001)
3489:(1999)
3481:(1999)
3473:(1998)
3465:(1997)
3457:(1996)
3449:(1990)
3441:(1989)
3433:(1981)
3425:(1980)
3417:(1978)
3409:(1976)
3401:(1976)
3393:(1973)
3385:(1972)
3377:(1971)
3369:(1969)
3361:(1969)
3353:(1966)
3345:(1966)
3337:(1966)
3329:(1965)
3321:(1964)
3313:(1964)
3305:(1964)
3297:(1961)
3289:(1950)
3281:(1950)
3273:(1948)
3265:(1945)
3257:(1943)
3249:(1942)
3241:(1926)
3233:(1916)
3225:(1908)
3211:Other
3203:(1975)
3195:(1974)
3187:(1973)
3179:(1968)
3171:(1962)
3163:(1960)
3155:(1949)
3147:(1939)
3139:(1939)
3131:(1936)
3123:(1934)
3115:(1932)
3107:(1931)
3099:(1923)
3091:(1919)
3083:(1918)
3075:(1914)
3067:(1912)
3059:(1911)
3045:Other
3037:(2020)
3029:(2020)
3021:(2019)
3013:(2019)
3005:(2017)
2997:(2014)
2989:(2014)
2981:(2013)
2973:(2012)
2965:(2010)
2957:(2005)
2949:(2003)
2941:(2001)
2933:(1998)
2925:(1998)
2917:(1996)
2909:(1994)
2901:(1994)
2893:(1991)
2885:(1990)
2877:(1989)
2869:(1985)
2861:(1985)
2853:(1984)
2845:(1977)
2824:(2020)
2816:(2019)
2808:(2017)
2800:(2014)
2792:(2014)
2784:(2003)
2776:(2003)
2768:(2001)
2760:(2001)
2752:(1999)
2744:(1995)
2736:(1992)
2728:(1987)
2720:(1982)
2699:(1985)
2691:(1941)
2670:(1942)
2662:(1917)
2640:(1973)
2632:(1964)
2624:(1956)
2616:(1954)
2608:(1952)
2600:(1943)
2592:(1940)
2584:(1939)
2576:(1935)
2568:(1931)
2560:(1923)
2552:(1920)
2544:(1917)
2536:(1914)
2528:(1911)
2507:(1911)
2499:(1911)
2491:(1909)
2483:(1909)
2475:(1908)
2467:(1908)
2459:(1907)
2451:(1903)
2443:(1896)
2422:(1979)
2414:(1948)
2406:(1941)
2398:(1939)
2390:(1913)
2369:(1912)
2361:(1909)
2353:(1908)
2345:(1908)
2337:(1908)
2329:(1908)
2321:(1907)
2313:(1907)
2305:(1907)
2297:(1903)
2289:(1903)
2281:(1899)
2273:(1899)
2265:(1892)
2257:(1891)
2249:(1889)
2241:(1888)
2233:(1888)
2225:(1888)
2217:(1884)
2209:(1884)
2201:(1881)
2193:(1879)
2185:(1879)
2164:(1903)
2156:(1903)
2148:(1899)
2140:(1899)
2132:(1899)
2124:(1891)
2116:(1888)
2108:(1879)
2100:(1872)
2092:(1856)
2084:(1854)
2076:(1853)
2068:(1849)
2060:(1834)
2039:(1885)
2031:(1885)
2023:(1881)
2015:(1878)
2007:(1876)
1999:(1853)
1991:(1851)
1983:(1829)
1961:(1938)
1953:(1913)
1945:(1894)
1937:(1885)
1929:(1885)
1921:(1815)
1899:(1822)
1891:(1822)
1883:(1818)
1875:(1810)
1854:(1908)
1846:(1872)
1838:(1834)
1791:(1884)
1783:(1871)
1734:(2016)
1726:(2012)
1718:(2005)
1710:(2000)
1702:(2000)
1694:(2000)
1686:(2000)
1678:(1996)
1670:(1995)
1662:(1992)
1654:(1985)
1646:(1983)
1638:(1981)
1630:(1981)
1622:(1976)
1614:(1968)
1606:(1964)
1598:(1964)
1590:(1960)
1582:(1951)
1574:(1950)
1566:(1949)
1558:(1946)
1550:(1944)
1542:(1942)
1534:(1942)
1526:(1941)
1518:(1940)
1510:(1938)
1502:(1937)
1494:(1936)
1486:(1935)
1478:(1935)
1470:(1935)
1462:(1923)
1454:(1918)
1446:(1914)
1438:(1913)
1430:(1911)
1422:(1903)
1414:(1895)
1406:(1895)
1398:(1888)
1390:(1885)
1382:(1869)
1374:(1849)
1366:(1824)
1355:Others
1347:(2023)
1339:(2019)
1331:(2018)
1323:(2015)
1315:(2008)
1307:(2007)
1299:(2005)
1291:(1994)
1283:(1994)
1275:(1994)
1267:(1992)
1259:(1992)
1251:(1989)
1243:(1986)
1235:(1984)
1227:(1983)
1219:(1982)
1211:(1981)
1203:(1980)
1195:(1978)
1187:(1978)
1179:(1977)
1171:(1977)
1163:(1976)
1155:(1970)
1147:(1967)
1139:(1959)
1131:(1954)
1123:(1951)
1115:(1945)
1107:(1941)
1099:(1935)
1091:(1925)
1083:(1905)
1075:(1886)
1067:(1852)
1059:(1829)
1051:(1827)
1008:(2012)
1000:(2004)
992:(1987)
984:(1937)
976:(1936)
968:(1922)
960:(1916)
952:(1895)
944:(1881)
936:(1871)
928:(1796)
891:(1998)
883:(1983)
875:(1929)
843:(1990)
835:(1911)
798:(1972)
790:(1966)
782:(1881)
745:(2023)
737:(2015)
729:(1995)
721:(1932)
713:(1879)
676:(2001)
668:(1995)
660:(1969)
623:(2020)
615:(2019)
607:(2002)
535:
529:
526:
520:
517:
511:
508:
505:Justia
502:
499:
493:
490:
484:
481:
475:
399:
321:(1944)
313:(1895)
184:
182:·
180:
172:
170:·
168:
160:
158:·
156:
148:
146:·
144:
101:L. Ed.
469:
397:S2CID
643:and
471:U.S.
94:more
86:U.S.
84:196
4039:of
3844:of
911:of
818:of
765:of
696:of
645:III
590:of
467:196
389:doi
107:908
89:375
4386::
465:,
395:.
385:12
383:.
299:.
563:e
556:t
549:v
403:.
391::
97:)
91:(
31:.
20:)
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