226:, can describe the operation of switching circuits. However, Shannon's work has largely overshadowed the other two, and despite some scholars arguing the similarities of Nakashima's work to Shannon's, their approaches and theoretical frameworks were markedly different. Also implausible is that Shestakov's influenced the other two due to the language barriers and the relative obscurity of his work abroad. Furthermore, Shannon and Shestakov defended their theses the same year in 1938, and Shestakov did not publish until 1941.
33:
229:
Ideal switches are considered as having only two exclusive states, for example, open or closed. In some analysis, the state of a switch can be considered to have no influence on the output of the system and is designated as a "don't care" state. In complex networks it is necessary to also account for
720:
742:
100:, where the present state depends on the present state and past states; in that sense, sequential circuits are said to include "memory" of past states. An important class of sequential circuits are
104:. Switching circuit theory is applicable to the design of telephone systems, computers, and similar systems. Switching circuit theory provided the mathematical foundations and tools for
689:
Although the possibility of establishing a switching theory was recognized by M. Boda as early as in the 19th century, the first important works on this subject were published by
970:
428:
1296:
476:
1528:
1071:
835:
751:
857:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
467:
1566:
230:
the finite switching time of physical switches; where two or more different paths in a network may affect the output, these delays may result in a
1468:
1143:
886:
1571:
277:
1242:
783:
598:
567:
397:
1403:
54:
1170:
510:
455:
322:
434:
1516:
1415:
380:
1450:
1289:
1036:
674:
528:
76:
1176:. Tampere International Center for Signal Processing (TICSP) Series. Tampere University of Technology / TTKK, Monistamo, Finland.
618:(in German). Neue Folge XXXV (1–7). Wiesbaden, Germany: C. W. Kreidel's Verlag: 1–7, 29–34, 49–53, 71–75, 91–95, 111–115, 133–138.
1104:
946:
890:
389:
1132:. Version IV. Functional Decomposition Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Portland University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
616:
Organ für die
Fortschritte des Eisenbahnwesens in technischer Beziehung – Fachblatt des Vereins deutscher Eisenbahn-Verwaltungen
1462:
1398:
382:
Reprints from the Early Days of
Information Sciences: TICSP Series on the Contributions of Akira Nakashima to Switching Theory
1026:
179:
333:
1588:
1456:
1063:
327:
1741:
1282:
115:
described how logical operations could be carried out by electrical switching circuits. During 1880–1881 he showed that
1731:
1705:
1600:
267:
223:
47:
41:
1620:
1578:
808:
796:
559:
1736:
1521:
1506:
1432:
1392:
1123:
Perkowski, Marek A.; Grygiel, Stanislaw (1995-11-20). "6. Historical
Overview of the Research on Decomposition".
1097:
317:
989:
805:
Some mathematical methods for the construction and simplification of two-terminal electrical networks of class A
58:
1438:
1426:
614:
Boda, Martin (1898). "Die
Schaltungstheorie der Blockwerke" [The switching theory of block systems].
92:
is the mathematical study of the properties of networks of idealized switches. Such networks may be strictly
1583:
1361:
1356:
666:
151:
96:, in which their output state is only a function of the present state of their inputs; or may also contain
1677:
1474:
1133:
928:
505:
446:
112:
658:
1689:
1643:
1511:
1409:
1346:
1089:
823:
737:
694:
272:
262:
1225:. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Vol. 335 (1 ed.). Berlin & Heidelberg, Germany:
1124:
1212:
1162:
911:
635:
372:
1615:
1610:
1593:
1313:
1067:
839:
801:Некоторые математические методы кон-струирования и упрощения двухполюсных электрических схем класса А
297:
1662:
1605:
1444:
1366:
1341:
1305:
1138:
933:
463:
188:
170:
105:
93:
1682:
1548:
1386:
1351:
1185:
964:
938:
773:
634:(NB. This series of seven articles was republished in a 91-pages book in 1899 with a foreword by
590:
422:
292:
518:
1216:
1166:
915:
376:
1638:
1256:
1248:
1238:
1177:
1110:
1100:
1032:
680:
670:
594:
584:
563:
524:
403:
393:
252:
247:
1193:
238:" where the output state changes due to the different propagation times through the network.
1371:
1230:
1222:
From
Boolean Logic to Switching Circuits and Automata: Towards Modern Information Technology
1001:
847:
763:
755:
553:
485:
257:
219:
128:
97:
1083:
1057:
1561:
1556:
1538:
1501:
1496:
1421:
1381:
1226:
1005:
710:
690:
411:
344:
282:
211:
640:
843:
1491:
1022:
990:"Prehistory of Switching Theory in Japan: Akira Nakashima and His Relay-circuit Theory"
450:
349:
235:
231:
215:
132:
919:
878:
1725:
1672:
1655:
1650:
200:
184:
166:
162:
101:
1189:
942:
777:
490:
388:. Tampere International Center for Signal Processing (TICSP) Series. Vol. 40.
307:
302:
127:, but this work remained unpublished until 1933. The first published proof was by
1220:
17:
759:
196:
192:
174:
158:
136:
665:(1 ed.). Binghamton, New York, USA: Litton Educational Publishing, Inc. /
1710:
1376:
1321:
1234:
312:
124:
120:
1252:
1181:
1171:"Publications in the First Twenty Years of Switching Theory and Logic Design"
879:"Switching Theory/Relay Circuit Network Theory/Theory of Logical Mathematics"
407:
222:
in the Soviet Union. The three published a series of papers showing that the
1667:
1336:
852:
719:(NB. Translation of an article which originally appeared in Japanese in the
287:
116:
1331:
1326:
768:
1274:
721:
Journal of the
Institute of Telegraph and Telephone Engineers of Japan
330:– computer software mimics relay circuits for industrial applications
1260:
1056:
Keister, William; Ritchie, Alistair E.; Washburn, Seth H. (1951).
338:
199:
designed and built electromechanical logic gates for his computer
684:
1278:
1114:
740:(1938). "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits".
743:
Transactions of the
American Institute of Electrical Engineers
207:
206:
The theory was independently established through the works of
195:
in physics, for the first modern electronic AND gate in 1924.
26:
1096:. 5th printing September 1963 (1st ed.). New York, USA:
927:. Niš, Serbia; Tampere, Finland; Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
782:(NB. Based on Shannon's master thesis of the same title at
131:
in 1913, so the NAND logical operation is sometimes called
1092:(1958-12-01) . Written at Watertown, Massachusetts, USA.
523:. Vol. 4 (reprint ed.). 1989. pp. 218–221.
123:) can be used to reproduce the functions of all the other
1219:(2011). Written at Niš, Serbia & Tampere, Finland.
1062:. The Bell Telephone Laboratories Series (1 ed.).
367:
365:
150:
In 1898, Martin Boda described a switching theory for
663:
1698:
1631:
1547:
1484:
1312:
713:(May 1936). "Theory of Relay Circuit Composition".
824:"History of Research on Switching Theory in Japan"
143:. Consequently, these gates are sometimes called
108:design in almost all areas of modern technology.
1126:A Survey of Literature on Function Decomposition
661:(May 1972). "Reference Notations to Chapter 1".
508:(1933) . "A Boolian Algebra with One Constant".
828:IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials
552:Kleine Büning, Hans; Lettmann, Theodor (1999).
1290:
555:Propositional logic: deduction and algorithms
477:Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society
8:
514:(manuscript). Vol. 4. paragraphs 12–20.
921:Some Historical Remarks on Switching Theory
715:Nippon Electrical Communication Engineering
653:
651:
539:The Existential Graphs of Charles S. Peirce
1297:
1283:
1275:
1028:The Algebraic Theory of Switching Circuits
969:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
836:Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan
752:American Institute of Electrical Engineers
427:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1137:
932:
851:
767:
489:
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
40:This article includes a list of general
1469:Application-specific integrated circuit
887:Information Processing Society of Japan
361:
1017:
1015:
962:
420:
278:Number One Electronic Switching System
161:replaced relays for logic operations.
1094:Switching Circuits and Logical Design
1006:10.34336/historiascientiarum.29.1_136
983:
981:
784:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
1404:Three-dimensional integrated circuit
1031:. Pergamon Press. pp. 12, 17.
323:Nonblocking minimal spanning switch
173:introduced a version of the 16-row
1416:Erasable programmable logic device
46:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1451:Complex programmable logic device
807:] (PhD thesis) (in Russian).
165:'s modification, in 1907, of the
1059:The Design of Switching Circuits
459:. Vol. 5. pp. 421–423.
390:Tampere University of Technology
31:
1463:Field-programmable object array
1399:Mixed-signal integrated circuit
1149:from the original on 2021-03-28
1074:from the original on 2020-05-09
952:from the original on 2022-10-25
893:from the original on 2021-03-22
860:from the original on 2022-07-10
491:10.1090/S0002-9904-1978-14533-9
470:The new elements of mathematics
341:– an early kind of logic device
180:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
1:
1589:Hardware description language
1457:Field-programmable gate array
1064:D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.
918:; Karpovsky, Mark G. (2007).
797:Shestakov , Victor Ivanovich
520:Writings of Charles S. Peirce
456:Writings of Charles S. Peirce
328:Programmable logic controller
169:can be used as a logic gate.
697:shortly before World War II.
468:"Review: Charles S. Peirce,
449:(1993) . "Letter, Peirce to
1601:Formal equivalence checking
760:10.1109/T-AIEE.1938.5057767
687:. C4463-000-3. p. 19:
268:Network switching subsystem
1758:
1621:Hierarchical state machine
1579:Transaction-level modeling
1098:John Wiley & Sons Inc.
822:Yamada , Akihiko (2004).
809:Lomonosov State University
560:Cambridge University Press
224:two-valued Boolean algebra
218:in the United States, and
1522:Digital signal processing
1507:Logic in computer science
1433:Programmable logic device
1393:Hybrid integrated circuit
1235:10.1007/978-3-642-11682-7
723:(JITTEJ) September 1935,
334:Quine–McCluskey algorithm
318:Logic in computer science
1534:Switching circuit theory
1439:Programmable Array Logic
1427:Programmable logic array
988:Kawanishi, Toma (2019).
800:
537:Roberts, Don D. (2009).
177:as proposition 5.101 of
152:signalling block systems
90:Switching circuit theory
1584:Register-transfer level
853:10.1541/ieejfms.124.720
667:D. van Nostrand Company
586:Engineering mathematics
533:. ark:/13960/t11p5r61f.
506:Peirce, Charles Sanders
447:Peirce, Charles Sanders
191:, got part of the 1954
61:more precise citations.
1475:Tensor Processing Unit
1090:Caldwell, Samuel Hawks
738:Shannon, Claude Elwood
113:Charles Sanders Peirce
1690:Electronic literature
1644:Hardware acceleration
1512:Computer architecture
1410:Emitter-coupled logic
1347:Printed circuit board
1213:Stanković, Radomir S.
1192:. #14. Archived from
1163:Stanković, Radomir S.
912:Stanković, Radomir S.
373:Stanković, Radomir S.
273:5ESS Switching System
263:Fast packet switching
203:(from 1935 to 1938).
145:universal logic gates
1616:Finite-state machine
1594:High-level synthesis
1529:Circuit minimization
1217:Astola, Jaakko Tapio
1167:Astola, Jaakko Tapio
994:Historia Scientiarum
916:Astola, Jaakko Tapio
883:IPSJ Computer Museum
464:Burks, Arthur Walter
392:, Tampere, Finland.
377:Astola, Jaakko Tapio
298:Circuit minimization
139:is sometimes called
1742:Digital electronics
1663:Digital photography
1445:Generic Array Logic
1367:Combinational logic
1342:Printed electronics
1306:Digital electronics
844:2004IJTFM.124..720Y
583:Bird, John (2007).
189:coincidence circuit
171:Ludwig Wittgenstein
111:In an 1886 letter,
98:sequential elements
94:combinational logic
1732:Circuit complexity
1611:Asynchronous logic
1387:Integrated circuit
1352:Electronic circuit
1165:; Sasao, Tsutomu;
1085:(2+xx+556+2 pages)
293:Circuit complexity
187:, inventor of the
119:(or alternatively
1719:
1718:
1668:Digital telephone
1639:Computer hardware
1606:Synchronous logic
1271:(xviii+212 pages)
1244:978-3-642-11681-0
1119:(xviii+686 pages)
996:. Second Series.
754:(AIEE): 713–723.
700:(xvi+573+1 pages)
659:Klir, George Jiří
600:978-0-7506-8555-9
569:978-0-521-63017-7
399:978-952-15-1980-2
253:Message switching
248:Circuit switching
87:
86:
79:
18:Switching circuit
16:(Redirected from
1749:
1737:Digital circuits
1372:Sequential logic
1299:
1292:
1285:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1175:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1141:
1131:
1118:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1043:
1042:
1019:
1010:
1009:
985:
976:
974:
968:
960:
958:
957:
951:
936:
926:
908:
902:
901:
899:
898:
875:
869:
868:
866:
865:
855:
819:
813:
812:
793:
787:
781:
771:
734:
728:
718:
711:Nakashima, Akira
707:
701:
699:
655:
646:
644:
636:Georg Barkhausen
619:
611:
605:
604:
580:
574:
573:
549:
543:
542:
534:
515:
511:Collected Papers
502:
496:
495:
493:
460:
443:
437:
433:(3+207+1 pages)
432:
426:
418:
416:
410:. Archived from
387:
369:
258:Packet switching
220:Victor Shestakov
129:Henry M. Sheffer
121:NAND gates alone
82:
75:
71:
68:
62:
57:this article by
48:inline citations
35:
34:
27:
21:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1694:
1627:
1562:Place and route
1557:Logic synthesis
1543:
1539:Gate equivalent
1502:Logic synthesis
1497:Boolean algebra
1480:
1422:Macrocell array
1382:Boolean circuit
1308:
1303:
1265:
1263:
1245:
1227:Springer-Verlag
1211:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1173:
1169:(August 2001).
1161:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1129:
1122:
1107:
1088:
1077:
1075:
1055:
1052:
1050:Further reading
1047:
1046:
1039:
1021:
1020:
1013:
987:
986:
979:
961:
955:
953:
949:
924:
910:
909:
905:
896:
894:
877:
876:
872:
863:
861:
821:
820:
816:
802:
795:
794:
790:
736:
735:
731:
709:
708:
704:
677:
657:
656:
649:
638:
613:
612:
608:
601:
593:. p. 532.
582:
581:
577:
570:
551:
550:
546:
536:
531:
517:
504:
503:
499:
484:(5): 913–918 .
462:
445:
444:
440:
419:
414:
400:
385:
379:, eds. (2008).
371:
370:
363:
358:
345:Switching lemma
283:Boolean circuit
244:
212:Akira Nakashima
117:NOR gates alone
83:
72:
66:
63:
53:Please help to
52:
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1755:
1753:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1678:cinematography
1670:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1517:Digital signal
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1492:Digital signal
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1243:
1209:
1159:
1139:10.1.1.64.1129
1120:
1105:
1086:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1023:Moisil, GR. C.
1011:
1000:(1): 136–162.
977:
934:10.1.1.66.1248
903:
870:
814:
788:
729:
702:
675:
669:. p. 19.
647:
606:
599:
575:
568:
544:
541:. p. 131.
529:
497:
438:
417:on 2021-03-08.
398:
360:
359:
357:
354:
353:
352:
350:Unate function
347:
342:
336:
331:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
243:
240:
236:race condition
232:"logic hazard"
216:Claude Shannon
141:Peirce's arrow
133:Sheffer stroke
106:digital system
102:state machines
85:
84:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1754:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1706:Metastability
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:Design issues
1697:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1673:Digital video
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1651:Digital audio
1649:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1199:on 2017-08-09
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1038:9781483160764
1034:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
984:
982:
978:
972:
966:
948:
944:
940:
935:
930:
923:
922:
917:
913:
907:
904:
892:
888:
884:
880:
874:
871:
859:
854:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
818:
815:
810:
806:
798:
792:
789:
785:
779:
775:
770:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
744:
739:
733:
730:
726:
722:
717:(3): 197–226.
716:
712:
706:
703:
698:
696:
695:C. E. Shannon
692:
686:
682:
678:
676:0-442-24463-0
672:
668:
664:
660:
654:
652:
648:
642:
637:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
617:
610:
607:
602:
596:
592:
588:
587:
579:
576:
571:
565:
562:. p. 2.
561:
557:
556:
548:
545:
540:
532:
530:9780253372017
526:
522:
521:
516:Reprinted in
513:
512:
507:
501:
498:
492:
487:
483:
479:
478:
473:
471:
465:
458:
457:
452:
448:
442:
439:
436:
430:
424:
413:
409:
405:
401:
395:
391:
384:
383:
378:
374:
368:
366:
362:
355:
351:
348:
346:
343:
340:
337:
335:
332:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
245:
241:
239:
237:
233:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:Walther Bothe
182:
181:
176:
172:
168:
167:Fleming valve
164:
163:Lee De Forest
160:
155:
153:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
81:
78:
70:
67:November 2014
60:
56:
50:
49:
43:
38:
29:
28:
19:
1632:Applications
1533:
1264:. Retrieved
1221:
1208:(4+60 pages)
1201:. Retrieved
1194:the original
1151:. Retrieved
1125:
1106:0-47112969-0
1093:
1076:. Retrieved
1058:
1027:
997:
993:
954:. Retrieved
920:
906:
895:. Retrieved
882:
873:
862:. Retrieved
831:
827:
817:
804:
791:
769:1721.1/11173
747:
741:
732:
724:
714:
705:
691:A. Nakashima
688:
662:
615:
609:
585:
578:
554:
547:
538:
519:
509:
500:
481:
475:
469:
454:
441:
412:the original
381:
308:Logic design
303:Karnaugh map
228:
205:
178:
159:vacuum tubes
157:Eventually,
156:
149:
144:
140:
110:
89:
88:
73:
64:
45:
1362:Memory cell
1158:(188 pages)
838:: 720–726.
639: [
451:A. Marquand
197:Konrad Zuse
193:Nobel Prize
175:truth table
137:logical NOR
125:logic gates
59:introducing
1726:Categories
1711:Runt pulse
1683:television
1377:Logic gate
1322:Transistor
1314:Components
1266:2022-10-25
1261:2011921126
1203:2021-03-28
1153:2021-03-28
1078:2020-05-09
956:2022-10-25
897:2021-03-28
864:2022-10-26
535:See also:
480:(review).
461:See also:
356:References
313:Logic gate
214:in Japan,
42:references
1567:Placement
1357:Flip-flop
1337:Capacitor
1253:1860-949X
1182:1456-2774
1134:CiteSeerX
975:(8 pages)
965:cite book
929:CiteSeerX
799:(1938).
786:in 1937.)
727:731–752.)
685:72-181095
435:10:00 min
423:cite book
408:1456-2774
288:C-element
210:engineer
1332:Inductor
1327:Resistor
1190:62319288
1144:Archived
1072:Archived
1066:p.
1025:(1969).
947:Archived
943:10029339
891:Archived
889:. 2012.
858:Archived
778:51638483
466:(1978).
242:See also
183:(1921).
1572:Routing
1406:(3D IC)
1115:58-7896
840:Bibcode
55:improve
1549:Design
1485:Theory
1471:(ASIC)
1465:(FPOA)
1459:(FPGA)
1453:(CPLD)
1418:(EPLD)
1259:
1251:
1241:
1188:
1180:
1136:
1113:
1103:
1035:
941:
931:
776:
750:(12).
683:
673:
597:
591:Newnes
566:
527:
406:
396:
135:; the
44:, but
1656:radio
1477:(TPU)
1447:(GAL)
1441:(PAL)
1435:(PLD)
1429:(PLA)
1412:(ECL)
1395:(HIC)
1197:(PDF)
1186:S2CID
1174:(PDF)
1147:(PDF)
1130:(PDF)
950:(PDF)
939:S2CID
925:(PDF)
834:(8).
803:[
774:S2CID
643:]
415:(PDF)
386:(PDF)
339:Relay
1389:(IC)
1257:LCCN
1249:ISSN
1239:ISBN
1178:ISSN
1111:LCCN
1101:ISBN
1033:ISBN
971:link
693:and
681:LCCN
671:ISBN
595:ISBN
564:ISBN
525:ISBN
429:link
404:ISSN
394:ISBN
234:or "
1231:doi
1068:147
1002:doi
848:doi
832:124
764:hdl
756:doi
725:150
486:doi
453:".
208:NEC
1728::
1255:.
1247:.
1237:.
1229:.
1215:;
1184:.
1142:.
1109:.
1070:.
1014:^
998:29
992:.
980:^
967:}}
963:{{
945:.
937:.
914:;
885:.
881:.
856:.
846:.
830:.
826:.
772:.
762:.
748:57
746:.
679:.
650:^
645:.)
641:de
589:.
558:.
482:84
474:.
425:}}
421:{{
402:.
375:;
364:^
201:Z1
154:.
147:.
1298:e
1291:t
1284:v
1269:.
1233::
1206:.
1156:.
1117:.
1081:.
1041:.
1008:.
1004::
973:)
959:.
900:.
867:.
850::
842::
811:.
780:.
766::
758::
603:.
572:.
494:.
488::
472:"
431:)
80:)
74:(
69:)
65:(
51:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.