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111:, also a Harlem institution and the only African American charitable hospital in the city. Furthermore, of the four municipal hospitals slated for closure, none were situated in predominantly white areas. However, the Civil Rights Office of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare certified the Koch reorganization plan as without discriminatory effect.
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and exercise political power. In 1998 Sharon Lerner asserted that “The
Sydenham blunder paved the way for today's more clandestine approach to hospital downsizing, in which the city reduces its contribution to the Health and Hospitals Corporation and the agency is thereby 'forced' to make cuts to the public hospitals.”
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In
January 1979, the Committee for Interns and Residents staged a one-day walkout of doctors at municipal hospitals to protest the cuts, and were often supported on picket lines by hospital workers from District Council 37 of AFSCME. A “Coalition to Save Sydenham” supported legal efforts to stop the
133:
Although unsuccessful, the demonstrations raised the profile of
Sydenham among people who had previously never heard of the hospital. Nurse and Health Activist Ebun Adelona said the closure of Sydenham became a “symbol” for Black people throughout New York to revitalize communities, improve health,
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On June 24, 1980, city, state and federal officials proposed a plan they said would improve healthcare in Harlem by keeping
Metropolitan Hospital open with improvements and converting Sydenham to a drug, alcoholism and outpatient clinic. Community activists rejected that plan and, in November 1980,
97:
III. Sydenham was the smallest of the city's municipal hospitals with 119 beds and the most costly to operate. According to government studies, the daily cost of patient care at
Sydenham was $ 382.40 ($ 1,194.40 in 2021 dollars), about $ 100 more per day ($ 312.34 in 2021 dollars) than at Bellevue
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in 1965. White hospitals were obliged to desegregate and Black patients followed Black physicians into previously all-white hospitals, but white patients did not cross over to historically black hospitals. The result was the decline of historically black hospitals from 124 institutions in 1944 to
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costs within their borders. Care to the uninsured through the city's hospital system ”accounted for more than half the budget gap for most of Koch’s mayoralty.” The administration feared that the municipal hospital system alone was "the one agency that could plunge us back into a fiscal crisis,"
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Koch saw the hospital closings and reorganization as steps to take control of healthcare costs and, in the bargain, deliver better services. But the hospital meant more to the community than just healthcare due to its place in history in the fight against segregation. Also, the threat of closing
87:
in East Harlem and
Sydenham. The cuts were a response to the prominent pressure that healthcare costs exerted on the municipal budget while the federal and New York state governments dithered over the escalating expense of healthcare. New York City was particularly vulnerable to healthcare costs
62:
patients. Around 1924 the hospital moved to a new 200-bed building at the intersection of West 125 Street and Lenox Avenue. In 1944 the staff doctors were all white despite serving a mostly
African American community. Soon after, it was the first hospital to have a full desegregated interracial
82:
During the severe economic troubles for New York city, the administration of Mayor Ed Koch in
December 1978 formulated a tentative plan for an additional 10% reduction in funding for municipal hospitals, and closing or dramatically shrinking services at four hospitals, including
63:
policy with six
African American trustees and twenty African Americans on staff. It was New York City's first full-service hospital to hire African-American doctors, and later became known for hiring African American doctors and nurses when other nearby hospitals would not.
208:
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closing, organized public rallies and lobbying of elected officials, and helped publicize research to demonstrate the need for the hospital. (In 1977 the federal government designated Harlem a medically underserved area, with
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Because of its relatively small size, Sydenham continually faced more financial problems than most private hospitals, and on March 3, 1949, control of it was taken by New York City and it became part of the
126:
In the spring of 1980, as
Sydenham was about to be shut down, angry demonstrators stormed the hospital, and initiated an occupation that lasted 10 days under a so-called “People’s Administration.”
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272:... Harlem's Sydenham Hospital ... Famed Negro Surgeon Peter Marshall Murray, an attending physician on the Obstetrical and Gynecological Service, has numerous white patients. ...
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651:... composer of 'St Louis Blues' and other jazz classics, died today at Sydenham Hospital. The blind Negro songwriter was taken to the hospital Sunday night ...
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71:. However, in a new practice for the municipal hospital system, the city continued to allow Sydenham's private physicians to hospitalize their patients there. In 1971
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582:"CITY TO CARRY ON SYDENHAM POLICY; Commissioner Says Services of the Inter-racial Private Hospital Will Continue"
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The Restless City: A Short History of New York from Colonial Times to the ... - Joanne Reitano - Google Boeken
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Sydenham opened in 1892, occupying nine houses on 116th Street near 2nd Avenue as of 1911 serving mostly
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158:, M.D., Michigan's first Black woman certified in OBG, did her residency at Sydenham Hospital.
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was built in 1971 as the "Commonwealth Building" and was designed by Hausman & Rosenberg.
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Black, Blind, & In Charge: A Story of Visionary Leadership and Overcoming Adversity
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Sydenham's doors were closed for good, while Metropolitan Hospital was saved.
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34:, which operated between 1892 and 1980. It was located at 124th Street and
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because New York State uniquely required localities to pay 25 percent of
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431:"Sydenham Hospital Closing Today, Ending a Protracted Harlem Battle"
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330:"Sydenham Becomes City Hospital, Funds Rushed for Medical Care"
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United States Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare
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became the first African American woman to head a major
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Puerto Rican Radicalism in the 1970s: El Comite-MINP
533:"U.S. Reaffirms It Favors Plan for Sydenham Clinic"
773:Historically black hospitals in the United States
236:"New York Times". December 15, 1911. p. 6.
107:Sydenham came only months after the closing of
213:Skyhorse Publishing. New York, New York, 2020
8:
670:Ed Koch and the rebuilding of New York City
357:"A $ 150 Million Trim in Hospitals Is Seen"
768:1980 disestablishments in New York (state)
498:
496:
319:, 2012 documentary directed by Neil Barsky
50:The Sydenham Hospital Clinic at 215 West
123:, calling it a “health disaster area".)
98:Hospital, the city's flagship facility.
763:1892 establishments in New York (state)
673:. New York: Columbia University Press.
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611:Facts on File, History Database Search
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429:Sullivan, Ronald (November 21, 1980).
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355:Sullivan, Ronald (December 14, 1978).
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748:Hospital buildings completed in 1924
632:"W.C. Handy, Blues King, Dies at 84"
505:"Sydenham: Politics vs. Healthcare"
259:. November 20, 1944. Archived from
743:Buildings and structures in Harlem
531:Purnick, Joyce (October 1, 1980).
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181:(1873–1958), bronchial pneumonia.
109:Arthur C. Logan Memorial Hospital
758:Hospitals disestablished in 1980
16:Former hospital in New York City
550:Lerner, Sharon (June 9, 1998).
503:Adelona, Ebun (February 1983).
284:Reitano, Joanne (22 May 2006).
738:Defunct hospitals in Manhattan
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753:Hospitals established in 1892
22:was a healthcare facility in
667:Soffer, Jonathan M. (2010).
85:Metropolitan Hospital Center
588:. March 5, 1949. p. 15
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452:"CPI Inflation Calculator"
336:. March 4, 1949. p. 1
93:according to Deputy Mayor
179:William Christopher Handy
69:municipal hospital system
636:Lewiston Evening Journal
139:Civil Rights Act of 1964
714:40.809861°N 73.95361°W
552:"The Outpatient Is In"
117:Joseph A. Califano Jr.
55:
162:Peter Marshall Murray
141:and the enactment of
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719:40.809861; -73.95361
490:. UMI 3296971, 2008.
263:on December 14, 2008
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608:"Wethers, Doris L."
586:The New York Times
537:The New York Times
435:The New York Times
361:The New York Times
334:The New York Times
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680:978-0-231-52090-4
556:The Village Voice
192:Basil A. Paterson
156:Ethelene Crockett
146:only 10 by 1989.
77:teaching hospital
20:Sydenham Hospital
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60:African American
36:Manhattan Avenue
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513:. pp. 4–5
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702:40°48′35.5″N
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52:125th Street
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616:24 February
592:31 December
569:Soffer 2010
510:City Limits
475:Soffer 2010
456:www.bls.gov
412:Soffer 2010
393:Soffer 2010
381:Soffer 2010
317:Koch (film)
732:Categories
705:73°57′13″W
646:2010-12-27
517:2013-02-02
461:2021-05-22
303:2014-04-28
267:2010-12-27
218:References
150:Physicians
689:750192934
340:4 October
28:Manhattan
186:See also
143:Medicare
90:Medicaid
32:New York
661:Sources
366:May 22,
102:Closing
42:History
687:
677:
294:
173:Deaths
119:, the
24:Harlem
223:Notes
685:OCLC
675:ISBN
618:2015
594:2018
368:2021
342:2015
292:ISBN
256:Time
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495:^
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242:^
211:."
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