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Symphyotrichum falcatum

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The blossoms, ground to a fine meal, are sprinkled into a bowl of yucca suds used for bathing a new-born infant. This medicine is said to make the hair grow on the head and to give strength to the body. The remedy belongs to all
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and grows 10–80 centimeters (4–31 inches) tall. It has hairy stems and hairy, grayish-green and firm
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Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to western and central North America
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that protects the individual flowers in the head before they open. The involucres of
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White prairie aster blooms July–November depending on variety and location. It is
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of all members of the family Asteraceae are small specialized leaves called "
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Smithsonian Institution-Bureau of American Ethnology (SI-BAE) Annual Report
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California Desert Flowers: An Introduction to Families, Genera, and Species
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unequal rows, meaning they are staggered and do not end at the same point.
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inches) long. These surround a center of roughly the same number of
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Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology
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counts of 10, 20, and 30 have been reported, depending upon the
749:, sometimes blue or pink, that are typically 18–30 millimeters ( 2166: 2099: 1405: 1366: 1318: 1642:. Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press 1592:. Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press 1542:. Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press 1476: 1474: 1278: 1276: 1636:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). 1586:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). 1536:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). 2035:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team 734: in) long. The outer phyllaries are spreading to 1389: 1387: 2580:
Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
2408: 2108: 1329: 1327: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1291: 2003:. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office: 84 1453: 1441: 1378: 777:that start as yellow and become brown with age. 1797:NatureServe Explorer (explorer.natureserve.org) 1216:suds to wash newborn infants. Quoting American 1240:to make a lotion as a remedy for snake bites. 929:. The species was first formally described by 8: 1639:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA) 1589:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA) 1539:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA) 667:to a widespread area of central and western 1282: 2096: 1345: 745:The flower heads have 15–35 usually white 298: 50: 31: 20: 1480: 2565:Flora of the South-Central United States 2560:Flora of the North-Central United States 1158:worldwide, Critically Imperiled (S1) in 2575:Flora of the Northwestern United States 2570:Flora of the Southwestern United States 1272: 1249: 997:. Common names of this variety include 779: 714:(bell-shaped) and usually 5–8 mm ( 439: 343: 1492: 1465: 1417: 1393: 2050:"The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho" 2033:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov) 1961:University of Waterloo (UWaterloo.ca) 1925:University of Waterloo (UWaterloo.ca) 1889:University of Waterloo (UWaterloo.ca) 1765:. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: 1333: 1303: 441: 345: 7: 1429: 1127:presence, extends farther east into 1761:Morhardt, S.; Morhardt, E. (2004). 1747:Australian National Botanic Gardens 789:Bracts, involucres, and phyllaries. 534:(Torr. & A.Gray) A.G.Jones 2091:University of California, Berkeley 1885:"Symphyotrichum subg. Ascendentes" 1170:, and Possibly Extirpated (SH) in 1066:in the north, western Canada from 14: 1993:"Ethnobotany of the Zuñi Indians" 1975:from the original on 22 July 2021 1939:from the original on 23 July 2021 1903:from the original on 22 July 2021 1212:and mix the ground blossoms with 1020:is one of the parents of the two 913:is one of the two species within 2349:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:981817-1 1098:. It is also native to northern 801:Close-up of ray and disk florets 794: 782: 73: 2504:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:23419-2 1856:(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom" 1729:International Plant Names Index 1696:(Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom" 1767:University of California Press 940:Two varieties are recognized: 702:", and together they form the 1: 2013:Biodiversity Heritage Library 1174:. It is an exotic species in 1379:Morhardt & Morhardt 2004 1074:, in the United States from 969:creeping white prairie aster 1739:Harvard University Herbaria 2606: 2590:Taxa named by John Lindley 2550:Flora of Subarctic America 2540:NatureServe secure species 1866:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1861:Plants of the World Online 1832:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1827:Plants of the World Online 1735:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 955:with up to ten stems from 832:cytotypes with respective 318: 311: 306: 297: 262: 255: 233: 226: 70:Scientific classification 68: 48: 39: 30: 23: 2585:Plants described in 1834 1137:Midwestern United States 1043:Distribution and habitat 993:with stems growing from 959:, and known commonly as 591:Symphyotrichum falcatum 576:Symphyotrichum falcatum 2140:Symphyotrichum falcatum 2110:Symphyotrichum falcatum 2082:Symphyotrichum falcatum 2027:Symphyotrichum falcatum 1850:Symphyotrichum falcatum 1820:Symphyotrichum falcatum 1791:Symphyotrichum falcatum 1690:Symphyotrichum falcatum 1662:Symphyotrichum falcatum 1628:Symphyotrichum falcatum 1578:Symphyotrichum falcatum 1532:Symphyotrichum falcatum 1139:, and farther south in 911:Symphyotrichum falcatum 812:Symphyotrichum falcatum 633:Symphyotrichum falcatum 571:Torr. & A.Gray 237:Symphyotrichum falcatum 25:Symphyotrichum falcatum 1969:University of Waterloo 1933:University of Waterloo 1897:University of Waterloo 1454:GBIF Secretariat 2019b 1442:GBIF Secretariat 2019a 1406:Brouillet et al. 2006c 1367:Brouillet et al. 2006a 1319:Brouillet et al. 2006b 1230: 1221:Matilda Coxe Stevenson 1113: 694:On the outside of the 598:(Rydb.) G.L.Nesom 2048:Vestal, P.A. (1952). 1225: 1166:, Vulnerable (S3) in 1108: 1064:Northwest Territories 814:has a base number of 610:(Torr. & A.Gray) 583:(Torr. & A.Gray) 519:(Torr. & A.Gray) 504:(Torr. & A.Gray) 1793:White Prairie Aster" 1650:– via eFloras. 1600:– via eFloras. 1550:– via eFloras. 1162:, Imperiled (S2) in 366:Haplopappus falcatus 307:Native distribution 1919:(16 October 2019). 1822:(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom" 1801:Arlington, Virginia 1664:(Lindl.) G.L.Nesom" 1258:Asteracae § Flowers 1236:use the plant in a 1003:western heath aster 999:white prairie aster 965:western heath aster 961:white prairie aster 661:western heath aster 657:white prairie aster 554:Aster incanopilosus 42:Conservation status 1921:"Virguloid Asters" 1702:. GBIF Secretariat 1670:. GBIF Secretariat 1114: 655:. Commonly called 603:Virgulus falcatus 564:Aster multiflorus 2527: 2526: 2305:Open Tree of Life 2102:Taxon identifiers 1965:Waterloo, Ontario 1929:Waterloo, Ontario 1893:Waterloo, Ontario 1007:little grey aster 977:little grey aster 629: 628: 618: 599: 587: 572: 560: 550: 535: 523: 508: 493: 485: 475: 460:Aster commutatus 456: 422: 411:Virgulus falcatus 407: 397: 391:Stenotus falcatus 387: 372: 362: 354: 348:Aster elegantulus 63: 2597: 2520: 2519: 2507: 2506: 2494: 2493: 2481: 2480: 2468: 2467: 2455: 2454: 2442: 2441: 2429: 2428: 2427: 2401: 2400: 2388: 2387: 2375: 2374: 2365: 2364: 2352: 2351: 2339: 2338: 2326: 2325: 2313: 2312: 2300: 2299: 2287: 2286: 2274: 2273: 2261: 2260: 2248: 2247: 2235: 2234: 2222: 2221: 2209: 2208: 2196: 2195: 2183: 2182: 2170: 2169: 2157: 2156: 2144: 2143: 2142: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2097: 2089:photo database, 2069: 2067: 2065: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2016: 2010: 2008: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1780: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1684:GBIF Secretariat 1679: 1677: 1675: 1656:GBIF Secretariat 1651: 1649: 1647: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1496: 1490: 1484: 1478: 1469: 1463: 1457: 1451: 1445: 1439: 1433: 1427: 1421: 1415: 1409: 1403: 1397: 1391: 1382: 1376: 1370: 1364: 1349: 1343: 1337: 1331: 1322: 1316: 1307: 1301: 1286: 1283:NatureServe 2021 1280: 1261: 1260:for more detail. 1254: 1094:, then north to 1068:British Columbia 798: 786: 772: 771: 767: 764: 758: 757: 753: 741: 733: 732: 728: 723: 722: 718: 609: 606: 597: 594: 582: 579: 570: 567: 556: 545: 542: 533: 530: 518: 515: 503: 500: 497:Aster ericoides 491: 481: 466: 463: 446: 444:Aster commutatus 413: 403: 401:Venatris falcata 393: 378: 376:Lasallea falcata 368: 360: 350: 334: 302: 291: 239: 219:S. falcatum 205: 179:Symphyotrichinae 78: 77: 57: 54: 53: 35: 21: 2605: 2604: 2600: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2595: 2594: 2555:Flora of Canada 2530: 2529: 2528: 2523: 2515: 2510: 2502: 2497: 2489: 2484: 2476: 2471: 2463: 2458: 2450: 2445: 2437: 2432: 2423: 2422: 2417: 2404: 2396: 2391: 2383: 2378: 2370: 2368: 2360: 2355: 2347: 2342: 2334: 2329: 2321: 2316: 2308: 2303: 2295: 2290: 2282: 2277: 2269: 2264: 2256: 2251: 2243: 2238: 2230: 2225: 2217: 2212: 2204: 2199: 2191: 2186: 2178: 2173: 2165: 2160: 2152: 2147: 2138: 2137: 2132: 2123: 2122: 2117: 2104: 2077: 2072: 2063: 2061: 2047: 2038: 2036: 2019: 2006: 2004: 1989:Stevenson, M.C. 1987: 1978: 1976: 1955:(14 May 2021). 1951: 1942: 1940: 1915: 1906: 1904: 1879: 1870: 1868: 1845: 1836: 1834: 1815: 1806: 1804: 1787:(2 July 2021). 1783: 1777: 1760: 1751: 1749: 1714: 1705: 1703: 1682: 1673: 1671: 1654: 1645: 1643: 1604: 1595: 1593: 1554: 1545: 1543: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1491: 1487: 1479: 1472: 1464: 1460: 1452: 1448: 1440: 1436: 1428: 1424: 1416: 1412: 1404: 1400: 1392: 1385: 1377: 1373: 1365: 1352: 1346:USDA, NRCS 2014 1344: 1340: 1332: 1325: 1317: 1310: 1302: 1289: 1281: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1264: 1255: 1251: 1246: 1192: 1149: 1054:is native from 1045: 1022:allopolyploidal 923:. The other is 908: 809: 802: 799: 790: 787: 769: 765: 762: 760: 755: 751: 750: 739: 730: 726: 725: 720: 716: 715: 677: 646:flowering plant 625: 604: 592: 577: 565: 540: 539:Aster falcatus 528: 527:Aster falcatus 513: 512:Aster falcatus 498: 489:Aster crassulus 479:Aster cordineri 461: 438: 437: 429: 358:Aster ramulosus 342: 341: 330: 323: 281: 251: 241: 235: 222: 203: 202:Symphyotrichum 72: 64: 55: 51: 44: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2603: 2601: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2545:Symphyotrichum 2542: 2532: 2531: 2525: 2524: 2522: 2521: 2508: 2495: 2482: 2469: 2456: 2443: 2430: 2414: 2412: 2410:Aster falcatus 2406: 2405: 2403: 2402: 2389: 2385:wfo-0000089239 2376: 2366: 2353: 2340: 2327: 2314: 2301: 2288: 2275: 2262: 2249: 2236: 2223: 2210: 2197: 2184: 2171: 2158: 2145: 2130: 2114: 2112: 2106: 2105: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2076: 2075:External links 2073: 2071: 2070: 2045: 2017: 1985: 1949: 1913: 1877: 1846:POWO (2021b). 1843: 1816:POWO (2021a). 1813: 1781: 1775: 1758: 1722:Aster falcatus 1712: 1680: 1652: 1622:Sundberg, S.D. 1618:Chambers, K.L. 1602: 1572:Sundberg, S.D. 1568:Chambers, K.L. 1552: 1526:Sundberg, S.D. 1522:Chambers, K.L. 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1497: 1485: 1481:Stevenson 1915 1470: 1458: 1446: 1434: 1422: 1410: 1398: 1383: 1371: 1350: 1338: 1323: 1308: 1287: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1248: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1191: 1188: 1148: 1145: 1044: 1041: 1025:Symphyotrichum 1015: 1014: 980: 935:Aster falcatus 915:Symphyotrichum 907: 904: 903: 902: 885:S. spathulatum 882: 845:S. spathulatum 840:, as follows: 808: 805: 804: 803: 800: 793: 791: 788: 781: 676: 673: 638:Aster falcatus 627: 626: 624: 623: 622: 621: 619: 600: 588: 573: 561: 551: 536: 524: 509: 494: 486: 476: 457: 432: 431: 430: 428: 427: 426: 425: 423: 408: 398: 388: 373: 363: 355: 339: 338: 337: 336: 335: 328:Aster falcatus 316: 315: 309: 308: 304: 303: 295: 294: 293: 292: 272: 260: 259: 253: 252: 242: 231: 230: 224: 223: 216: 214: 210: 209: 198: 194: 193: 190:Symphyotrichum 186: 182: 181: 176: 172: 171: 166: 162: 161: 156: 152: 151: 146: 142: 141: 136: 129: 128: 123: 116: 115: 110: 103: 102: 97: 90: 89: 84: 80: 79: 66: 65: 49: 46: 45: 40: 37: 36: 28: 27: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2602: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2535: 2518: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2367: 2363: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2120: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2098: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2074: 2059: 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776: 748: 743: 737: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 692: 690: 689:entire leaves 686: 682: 674: 672: 670: 669:North America 666: 662: 658: 654: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 634: 620: 617: 613: 608: 601: 596: 589: 586: 581: 574: 569: 562: 559: 555: 552: 549: 544: 537: 532: 525: 522: 517: 510: 507: 502: 495: 490: 487: 484: 480: 477: 474: 470: 465: 458: 455:) A.Gray 454: 450: 445: 442: 440: 436: 424: 421: 417: 412: 409: 406: 402: 399: 396: 392: 389: 386: 382: 377: 374: 371: 367: 364: 359: 356: 353: 349: 346: 344: 333: 329: 326: 325: 324: 322: 317: 314: 310: 305: 301: 296: 289: 285: 280: 276: 273: 271: 267: 264: 263: 261: 258: 254: 250: 246: 240: 238: 232: 229: 228:Binomial name 225: 221: 220: 215: 212: 211: 208: 207: 199: 196: 195: 192: 191: 187: 184: 183: 180: 177: 174: 173: 170: 167: 164: 163: 160: 157: 154: 153: 150: 147: 144: 143: 140: 137: 134: 131: 130: 127: 124: 121: 118: 117: 114: 111: 108: 105: 104: 101: 100:Tracheophytes 98: 95: 92: 91: 88: 85: 82: 81: 76: 71: 67: 61: 47: 43: 38: 34: 29: 26: 22: 19: 2409: 2109: 2081: 2062:. Retrieved 2057: 2053: 2037:. Retrieved 2032: 2026: 2011:– via 2005:. Retrieved 2000: 1996: 1977:. Retrieved 1960: 1953:Semple, J.C. 1941:. Retrieved 1924: 1917:Semple, J.C. 1905:. Retrieved 1888: 1881:Semple, J.C. 1869:. Retrieved 1859: 1853: 1849: 1835:. Retrieved 1825: 1819: 1805:. Retrieved 1796: 1790: 1762: 1750:. Retrieved 1727: 1721: 1704:. Retrieved 1699: 1693: 1689: 1672:. Retrieved 1667: 1661: 1644:. Retrieved 1638: 1631: 1627: 1610:Semple, J.C. 1594:. Retrieved 1588: 1581: 1577: 1560:Semple, J.C. 1544:. Retrieved 1538: 1531: 1514:Semple, J.C. 1488: 1461: 1449: 1437: 1425: 1413: 1401: 1374: 1341: 1252: 1234:Ramah Navajo 1231: 1226: 1208: 1207: 1206:by the name 1203: 1199: 1193: 1154:lists it as 1150: 1147:Conservation 1120: 1116: 1115: 1112:in a meadow. 1109: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1034: 1030:S. ascendens 1028: 1024: 1017: 1016: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 986: 982: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 948: 944: 939: 934: 931:John Lindley 926:S. ericoides 924: 920: 914: 910: 909: 898: 893: 892: 888: 884: 878: 873: 872: 868: 863: 862: 858: 853: 852: 848: 844: 838:infraspecies 816: 815: 811: 810: 775:disk florets 744: 707: 696:flower heads 693: 678: 660: 656: 637: 632: 631: 630: 602: 590: 575: 563: 553: 538: 526: 511: 496: 488: 478: 459: 443: 434: 410: 400: 390: 375: 365: 357: 347: 327: 320: 319: 278: 274: 269: 265: 236: 234: 218: 217: 201: 189: 132: 119: 106: 93: 24: 18: 2279:NatureServe 2227:iNaturalist 2134:Wikispecies 1785:NatureServe 1752:24 November 1706:24 November 1674:24 November 1614:Allen, G.A. 1564:Allen, G.A. 1518:Allen, G.A. 1493:Vestal 1952 1466:Semple 2021 1418:Semple 2019 1218:ethnologist 1200:S. falcatum 1196:Zuni people 1156:Secure (G5) 1152:NatureServe 1117:S. falcatum 1110:S. falcatum 1048:S. falcatum 1018:S. falcatum 983:S. falcatum 945:S. falcatum 933:in 1834 as 807:Chromosomes 747:ray florets 712:campanulate 708:S. falcatum 675:Description 352:A.E.Porsild 290:) G.L.Nesom 275:S. falcatum 266:S. falcatum 113:Angiosperms 60:NatureServe 2534:Categories 2318:Plant List 2021:USDA, NRCS 1854:commutatum 1776:0520240030 1694:commutatum 1582:commutatum 1502:References 1394:Semple n.d 1334:POWO 2021b 1304:POWO 2021a 1209:ha'mopiawe 1204:commutatum 1135:and upper 1121:commutatum 1088:New Mexico 1082:, west to 987:commutatum 889:commutatum 871:= 20, and 834:chromosome 826:tetraploid 700:phyllaries 653:Asteraceae 636:(formerly 607:commutatus 580:commutatum 568:commutatus 531:commutatus 516:commutatus 501:commutatus 492:Rydb. 435:commutatum 279:commutatum 197:Subgenus: 175:Subtribe: 159:Asteraceae 2425:Q38782261 2323:gcc-45559 2245:1080278-2 2193:250067644 2125:Q13955505 2087:CalPhotos 1743:Libraries 1686:(2019b). 1658:(2019a). 1624:(2006c). 1574:(2006b). 1528:(2006a). 1430:IPNI 2020 1268:Citations 1238:decoction 1125:subarctic 1080:Minnesota 953:cespitose 921:Ericoidei 830:hexaploid 704:involucre 685:cespitose 595:crassulum 548:Cronquist 543:crassulus 521:A.G.Jones 473:S.F.Blake 464:crassulus 414:(Lindl.) 385:Brouillet 379:(Lindl.) 370:S.F.Blake 257:Varieties 249:G.L.Nesom 213:Species: 149:Asterales 83:Kingdom: 2512:Tropicos 2478:10701065 2419:Wikidata 2369:VASCAN: 2362:50112623 2357:Tropicos 2284:2.131842 2258:10789847 2119:Wikidata 2023:(2014). 1991:(1915). 1973:Archived 1937:Archived 1901:Archived 1883:(n.d.). 1718:(2020). 1700:gbif.org 1668:gbif.org 1632:falcatum 1180:Missouri 1164:Manitoba 1078:east to 1072:Manitoba 1052:falcatum 1027:species 995:rhizomes 991:communal 957:caudices 949:falcatum 906:Taxonomy 849:falcatum 736:reflexed 681:colonial 663:, it is 648:in the 558:E.Sheld. 546:(Rydb.) 506:B.Boivin 483:A.Nelson 321:Basionym 313:Synonyms 270:falcatum 206:Virgulus 169:Astereae 155:Family: 139:Asterids 126:Eudicots 2517:2701846 2465:23419-2 2398:1093665 2206:3151675 2085:in the 2064:23 July 2060:(4): 48 2039:23 July 2007:23 July 1979:23 July 1943:23 July 1907:23 July 1871:23 July 1837:23 July 1807:23 July 1646:23 July 1596:23 July 1546:23 July 1176:Ontario 1129:Ontario 1123:has no 1092:Arizona 1084:Wyoming 822:Diploid 768:⁄ 754:⁄ 729:⁄ 719:⁄ 642:species 640:) is a 616:Windham 612:Schaack 361:Lindl. 340:Species 185:Genus: 165:Tribe: 145:Order: 87:Plantae 58: ( 56:Secure 2452:433915 2331:PLANTS 2297:408820 2271:522205 2232:169462 2219:434215 2167:392575 1773:  1741:& 1731:(IPNI) 1724:Lindl" 1228:women. 1182:, and 1160:Alaska 1141:Mexico 1131:, the 1100:Mexico 1062:, and 1056:Alaska 1005:, and 975:, and 861:= 10, 828:, and 665:native 650:family 614:& 585:Semple 578:subsp. 529:subsp. 453:A.Gray 451:& 420:Keener 418:& 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Index


Conservation status
NatureServe
Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Plantae
Tracheophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Asterids
Asterales
Asteraceae
Astereae
Symphyotrichinae
Symphyotrichum
Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus
Binomial name
Lindl.
G.L.Nesom
Varieties
Torr.
A.Gray
Symphyotrichum falcatum native distribution map: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and Yukon; Mexico — Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Jalisco, Nuevo León, and Sonora; US — Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Synonyms
Lindl.
A.E.Porsild
S.F.Blake
Semple
Brouillet
Rydb.

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