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579:, who restored the building and conducted the first excavations. Schwarz donated the building on 27 July 1939 to the Portuguese government on the condition it be turned into a museum. In return Schwarz and his wife were granted Portuguese citizenship, protecting them during the
568:), serving in this capacity until the 19th century. From the 19th century until 1920—when Portuguese archaeologists first visited the building—it functioned as a hay barn and then as a wine and grocery warehouse.
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The
Synagogue of Tomar was built between 1430 and 1460 by the city's then thriving Jewish community. Tomar's Jewish community traced its origins to the 14th century, when some individuals came to work for the
546:. The building may have been abandoned until 1516, when a private individual purchased it intending to convert it to Tomar's prison. The building probably served as a prison from 1516 until the 1550s.
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and informational signage, it is not immediately recognizable as a synagogue or other religious building. The current north-facing, rectangular main entrance did not exist in the Middle Ages. The
519:. By mid-century when the synagogue was built, Tomar's Jewish community numbered between 150 and 200 individuals—30% to 40% of Tomar's total population at the time—and the city center had a
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Portuguese Jewish Museum. The museum's collection includes several medieval tombstones from Jewish cemeteries throughout
Portugal. Two notable exhibits include a stone plate from the
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On 29 July 1921 the
Portuguese government classified the building a national monument. On 5 May 1923 then owner of the building Joaquim Cardoso Tavares sold it to the
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The
Synagogue of Tomar is one of two existing preserved medieval synagogues in Portugal. The other is the
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bear geometric and vegetal motifs. The four columns are thought to symbolize the four matriarchs—
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At the end of the 16th century or beginning of the 17th century, the former synagogue became a
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exterior mimics the architecture of neighboring houses, such that apart from the current
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Excavations in a building beside the synagogue in 1985 revealed remnants of a
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The synagogue's congregation was openly active only until 1496, when King
523:. The community grew even larger when Spanish Jews settled in Tomar after
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997:[Synagogue and Interpretive Center of the Synagogue of Tomar].
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1001:(in English and Portuguese). Câmara Municipal de Tomar . May 31, 2020
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610:. Four pre-expulsion synagogue buildings exist in neighboring Spain:
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1070:] (in Portuguese). Lisbon: Clube do Coleccionador dos Correios.
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445:
157:
1057:] (in Portuguese). Tomar: Museu Luso-Hebraico AbraĂŁo Zacuto.
730:
Interior of the Tomar
Synagogue showing the pillars and vaulting
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630:. All other existing Portuguese synagogues were built after the
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666:. The vaults engage into the exterior walls, ending in carved
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is represented by three dots in a manner reminiscent of the
995:"Sinagoga e NĂşcleo Interpretativo da Sinagoga de Tomar"
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954:. Fondation Jacques et Jacqueline LĂ©vy-Willard. 2015
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952:JGuideEurope - The Cultural Guide to Jewish Europe
467:, and was active as a synagogue until 1496, when
198:Location of the former synagogue, now museum, in
583:. Since 1939 the building has functioned as the
16:Former synagogue, now museum, in Tomar, Portugal
1034:] (in French). Paris: Editions Chandeigne.
456:. The medieval synagogue was completed in the
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874:Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot
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810:. Foundation for Jewish Heritage and the
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348:9.5 by 8.25 metres (31.2 by 27.1 ft)
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48:Interior of the former synagogue in 2004
1332:National monuments in Santarém District
1252:Abraham Zacuto Portuguese Jewish Museum
1049:Simões, João Miguel dos Santos (1943).
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484:Abraham Zacuto Portuguese Jewish Museum
85:Ecclesiastical or organisational status
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796:
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1337:Sephardi Jewish culture in Portugal
1297:15th-century synagogues in Portugal
1087:Synagogue of Tomar tourist leaflet
1062:Tavares, Maria José Ferro (2010).
870:"The Synagogue of Tomar, Portugal"
654:pointed arch facing east — toward
616:Synagogue of Santa MarĂa la Blanca
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1302:Buildings and structures in Tomar
492:Museu Luso-Hebraico AbraĂŁo Zacuto
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469:Jews were expelled from Portugal
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1347:Synagogues preserved as museums
1312:Gothic architecture in Portugal
1085:Vareo, Teresa (December 2015).
1068:The Jewish Quarters of Portugal
776:History of the Jews in Portugal
57:
904:[Synagogue of Tomar].
816:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
781:List of synagogues in Portugal
478:, the building was declared a
1:
1307:Former synagogues in Portugal
1238:Sahar Hassamaim Hebrew Museum
1032:The Discovery of the Marranos
808:Historic Synagogues of Europe
804:"Medieval Synagogue in Tomar"
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156:73 Rua Dr. Joaquim Jaquinto,
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1275:Jews and Judaism in Portugal
608:Synagogue of Castelo de Vide
575:Jewish engineer and scholar
515:and their successors in the
480:Portuguese National Monument
392:Portuguese National Monument
1120:(in Portuguese and English)
376:(in Portuguese and English)
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1322:Jewish museums in Portugal
1027:La DĂ©couverte des marranes
868:Ghiuzeli, Haim F. (1996).
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1064:As judiarias de Portugal
1024:Schwarz, Samuel (2015).
620:Synagogue of El Tránsito
558:Ermida de SĂŁo Bartolomeu
517:Military Order of Christ
474:After four centuries of
692:Twelve Tribes of Israel
632:Portuguese Inquisition
491:
433:
274:Synagogue architecture
233:39.603222°N 8.413861°W
211:Geographic coordinates
34:
1108:at Wikimedia Commons
1051:Tomar e a sua judaria
812:Center for Jewish Art
718:Current main entrance
532:Manuel I of Portugal
238:39.603222; -8.413861
1342:Sephardi synagogues
1327:Medieval synagogues
1055:Tomar and its Jewry
999:CM Tomar - Sinagoga
902:"Sinagoga de Tomar"
525:Spain expelled them
498:named in honour of
337:Direction of façade
299:(as a congregation)
229: /
910:Convento de Cristo
426:Synagogue of Tomar
111:(1515–1920s)
24:Synagogue of Tomar
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1283:
1106:Sinagoga de Tomar
1104:Media related to
1077:978-972-8968-27-4
1041:978-2-367321-19-6
908:(in Portuguese).
906:Sinagoga de Tomar
628:CĂłrdoba Synagogue
566:Saint Bartholomew
536:forced conversion
450:Santarém District
440:congregation and
434:Sinagoga de Tomar
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162:Santarém District
35:Sinagoga de Tomar
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1003:. Retrieved
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820:. Retrieved
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638:Architecture
605:
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534:ordered the
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402:29 July 1921
255:Architect(s)
249:Architecture
221:39°36′11.6″N
134:
119:(since 1939)
103:–1498)
18:
644:whitewashed
597:Divine Name
556:called the
476:profane use
465: 1460
316: 1460
236: /
224:8°24′49.9″W
108:Profane use
101: 1460
60:Affiliation
1291:Categories
1163:Synagogues
872:. Israel:
822:August 29,
787:References
488:Portuguese
430:Portuguese
399:Designated
140:Repurposed
31:Portuguese
656:Jerusalem
581:Holocaust
562:Hermitage
540:expulsion
527:in 1492.
460:style by
448:, in the
442:synagogue
354:Materials
306:Completed
135:Abandoned
93:Synagogue
1190:Kadoorie
1169:Portugal
736:See also
672:capitals
668:brackets
664:vaulting
593:Belmonte
551:Catholic
454:Portugal
370:cm-tomar
200:Portugal
172:Portugal
153:Location
148:Location
68:(former)
54:Religion
1225:Funchal
1005:July 9,
958:July 9,
948:"Tomar"
915:July 9,
879:July 9,
814:at the
705:Gallery
680:Rebecca
506:History
363:Website
168:Country
65:Judaism
1205:Former
1195:Lisbon
1183:Active
1074:
1038:
699:mikveh
688:Rachel
686:, and
652:Gothic
626:, and
624:Toledo
614:, the
573:Polish
554:chapel
458:Gothic
438:Jewish
287:Gothic
263:(1939)
128:Status
1250:(now
1246:Tomar
1236:(now
1066:[
1053:[
1030:[
818:. n.d
676:Sarah
660:naves
494:), a
446:Tomar
358:Stone
321:1939
282:Style
158:Tomar
1268:List
1072:ISBN
1036:ISBN
1007:2020
960:2020
917:2020
881:2020
824:2024
684:Leah
618:and
424:The
340:East
269:Type
74:Rite
1166:in
622:in
564:of
542:of
538:or
471:.
452:of
372:.pt
1293::
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889:^
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795:^
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694:.
682:,
678:,
603:.
502:.
490::
462:c.
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313:c.
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33::
1254:)
1240:)
1148:e
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1134:v
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1009:.
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883:.
826:.
560:(
486:(
428:(
318:;
137:;
96:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
