1118:
and staining, it has been demonstrated that synapsin IIa increases the number and density of glutamatergic synaptic vesicles in the nerve terminal of neural axons. The recovery of nervous signal transduction is attributed to the increase in density of synaptic vesicles, which carry neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleft, and the amount of synaptic vesicles in the reserve pool in the presence of synapsin IIa. In turn, this is thought to increase the number of vesicles available for mobilization from the reserve pool to the ready-release pool. The reserve pool is the pool of synaptic vesicles which reside in the nerve terminal away from the presynaptic membrane of the axon, but are not in the ready to release or ready-release pool. Those vesicles in the ready-release pool reside very close to the presynaptic membrane and are primed to release neurotransmitters for nervous signal transduction.
247:
224:
121:
146:
2293:
2308:
498:
253:
152:
29:
1114:
unaffected by the lack of synapsins, but repeated stimulation of cultured synapsinless hippocampal neurons subsequently showed depressed responses at the excitatory synapse. At the inhibitory synapse, base signal transduction is reduced in neurons lacking pre-existing synapsins, but the reduced level of transduction is less affected by progressive stimulation.
1117:
However, the restoration of synapsin IIa to neurons without pre-existing synapsins, can partially recover presumably lost signal transduction and slow the depression of synaptic response with progressive stimulation. Its isoform synapsin IIb may have a similar but weaker effect. Through fluorescence
1109:
Synapsin II regulates synaptic function of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. Synapsin IIa is the only synapsin isoform of the six synapsin isoforms (synapsin I-III each with isoforms A and B), which has been shown to significantly reverse synaptic depression and have a restorative
1113:
Lack of synapsins altogether in neurons, leads to behavioral alterations as well as epileptic-type seizures. The lack affects nervous signal transduction across excitatory and inhibitory synapses of neurons differently and is believed to be synapse-specific. Initial signal transduction appears to be
1087:
Synapsin II shares common domains within its amino acid sequence with other phosphoproteins in the synapsin family. Sharing the same N-terminal, synapsin II diverges from synapsin I in its C-terminal domains. It is much shorter than synapsin I and is missing most of the elongated domains seen in
1088:
synapsin I. Roughly 70% of the amino acid residues are common between the two synapsins, which share common phosphorylation sites in the overlapping regions based on the homologous domains. Domain A of this neural protein contains phosphorylation sites for
1110:
effect on the density of synaptic vesicles within synapsinless neurons. Because of its restorative effect, synapsin IIa is believed to play a fundamental role in synaptic vesicle mobilization and reserve pool regulation in presynaptic nerve terminals.
1354:
Südhof TC, Czernik AJ, Kao HT, Takei K, Johnston PA, Horiuchi A, Kanazir SD, Wagner MA, Perin MS, De
Camilli P (September 1989). "Synapsins: mosaics of shared and individual domains in a family of synaptic vesicle phosphoproteins".
1100:
phosphorylation sites. At its B domain, between amino acids 43 and 121, synapsin II binds to a protein component in the cytosolic surface membrane of synaptic vesicles, organelles in neurons which carry neurotransmitters.
1079:. Their apparent molecular weights are 74,000 and 55,000 Da, per SDS gel electrophoresis. Synapsin II along with synapsin I comprise approximately 9% of the proteins in highly purified samples of synaptic vesicles.
1068:, and they are implicated in synaptogenesis and the modulation of neurotransmitter release, suggesting a potential role in several neuropsychiatric diseases. This member of the synapsin family encodes a
1064:
Synapsin II is a member of the synapsin family. Synapsins encode neuronal phosphoproteins which associate with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. Family members are characterized by common
2292:
260:
159:
2348:
2307:
1606:
Südhof TC, Czernik AJ, Kao HT, et al. (1989). "Synapsins: mosaics of shared and individual domains in a family of synaptic vesicle phosphoproteins".
721:
82:
1093:
702:
2565:
2272:
1230:
1212:
2550:
1398:
Greengard P, Valtorta F, Czernik AJ, Benfenati F (February 1993). "Synaptic vesicle phosphoproteins and regulation of synaptic function".
1975:
246:
2341:
952:
1682:"The human synapsin II gene promoter. Possible role for the transcription factor zif268/egr-1, polyoma enhancer activator 3, and AP2"
945:
223:
1643:
Greengard P, Valtorta F, Czernik AJ, Benfenati F (1993). "Synaptic vesicle phosphoproteins and regulation of synaptic function".
1294:
1097:
2555:
1199:
1178:
1075:
Synapsin II the collective name for two proteins, synapsin IIa and synapsin IIb, with synapsin IIa being the larger of the two
1195:
145:
120:
2334:
1089:
1174:
62:
1127:
259:
158:
2450:
2265:
1814:"In mouse brain profilin I and profilin II associate with regulators of the endocytic pathway and actin assembly"
252:
151:
2480:
766:
70:
1072:-specific phosphoprotein that selectively binds to small synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic nerve terminal.
2560:
2470:
747:
1503:
Gitler D, Takagishi Y, Feng J, Ren Y, Rodriguiz RM, Wetsel WC, Greengard P, Augustine GJ (December 2004).
1415:
2167:
Chen Q, He G, Wang XY, et al. (2004). "Positive association between synapsin II and schizophrenia".
2361:
2258:
2092:
2039:
1962:
Kao HT, Porton B, Hilfiker S, et al. (2000). "Molecular evolution of the synapsin gene family".
1652:
1615:
1407:
1364:
134:
49:
1420:
1315:"Synapsin II. Mapping of a domain in the NH2-terminal region which binds to small synaptic vesicles"
2455:
2028:"Neuronal nitric-oxide synthase localization mediated by a ternary complex with synapsin and CAPON"
924:
920:
869:
861:
2192:
1950:
94:
2081:"Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences"
928:
899:
895:
865:
840:
836:
1890:
Porton B, Kao HT, Greengard P (2000). "Cloning of cDNAs encoding human synapsins IIa and IIb".
2235:
2184:
2155:
2120:
2067:
2014:
1979:
1942:
1907:
1878:
1843:
1800:
1765:
1736:
1703:
1668:
1631:
1583:
1575:
1534:
1485:
1433:
1380:
1336:
1269:
42:
1748:
Xie Y (1996). "Cloning and sequencing analysis of a human synapsin IIb-encoding brain cDNA".
2301:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF THE COMPLEX OF THE C DOMAIN OF SYNAPSIN II FROM RAT WITH ATP
2225:
2217:
2176:
2145:
2110:
2100:
2057:
2047:
2004:
1971:
1932:
1899:
1868:
1833:
1825:
1790:
1757:
1728:
1693:
1660:
1623:
1565:
1524:
1516:
1475:
1467:
1425:
1372:
1326:
1261:
1027:
1023:
339:
270:
214:
169:
2387:
2377:
1717:"Localization of the synapsin II (SYN2) gene to human chromosome 3 and mouse chromosome 6"
1250:"Localization of the synapsin II (SYN2) gene to human chromosome 3 and mouse chromosome 6"
497:
314:
90:
2096:
2043:
1656:
1619:
1411:
1368:
2435:
2418:
2382:
2230:
2205:
1921:"A phospho-switch controls the dynamic association of synapsins with synaptic vesicles"
1838:
1813:
1529:
1504:
1480:
1455:
1065:
1008:
2115:
2080:
2062:
2027:
1937:
1920:
1331:
1314:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
539:
28:
2544:
2519:
2423:
1761:
1150:
526:
2196:
1954:
2485:
2475:
2180:
1520:
1471:
332:
111:
74:
98:
2490:
2465:
2326:
1505:"Different presynaptic roles of synapsins at excitatory and inhibitory synapses"
1235:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1217:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1779:"Synapsins I and II are ATP-binding proteins with differential Ca2+ regulation"
1007:
is the collective name for synapsin IIa and synapsin IIb, two nearly identical
415:
2502:
1903:
1131:
231:
128:
78:
1873:
1856:
1829:
1698:
1681:
1579:
1570:
1553:
1248:
Li L, Chin LS, Greengard P, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA (July 1995).
2369:
2134:"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs"
1664:
1627:
1429:
1376:
666:
475:
353:
298:
285:
197:
184:
86:
2239:
2188:
2159:
2124:
2105:
2071:
2052:
2018:
2009:
1992:
1983:
1976:
10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19991215)285:4<360::AID-JEZ4>3.0.CO;2-3
1946:
1911:
1882:
1795:
1778:
1732:
1587:
1538:
1489:
1456:"Synapsin IIa controls the reserve pool of glutamatergic synaptic vesicles"
1265:
2316:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF THE C DOMAIN OF SYNAPSIN II FROM RAT BRAIN
1847:
1804:
1769:
1740:
1707:
1672:
1635:
1437:
1384:
1340:
1273:
992:
987:
2497:
2408:
1142:
1076:
1012:
976:
811:
792:
2524:
2357:
778:
733:
1993:"PrPC directly interacts with proteins involved in signaling pathways"
2445:
2413:
1069:
1053:
960:
688:
1716:
1249:
2221:
2150:
2133:
2529:
2440:
2403:
1048:
2206:"Family-Based Association Study of Synapsin II and Schizophrenia"
1022:. Synapsins associate as endogenous substrates to the surface of
651:
647:
2512:
2460:
2430:
1031:
1019:
66:
2330:
2254:
506:
2250:
1149:
gene may be associated with abnormal presynaptic function and
1454:
Gitler D, Cheng Q, Greengard P, Augustine GJ (October 2008).
2079:
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003).
1812:
Witke W, Podtelejnikov AV, Di Nardo A, et al. (1998).
1056:
of this gene and is transcribed in the opposite direction.
2026:
Jaffrey SR, Benfenati F, Snowman AM, et al. (2002).
322:
1680:
Petersohn D, Schoch S, Brinkmann DR, Thiel G (1995).
487:
2396:
2368:
913:
888:
854:
829:
430:
dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell
2132:Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004).
1313:Thiel G, Südhof TC, Greengard P (September 1990).
1191:
1189:
1187:
1170:
1168:
1166:
269:
168:
1715:Li L, Chin LS, Greengard P, et al. (1996).
16:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
1196:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000009394
2342:
2266:
1449:
1447:
8:
1857:"Homo- and heterodimerization of synapsins"
1554:"Homo- and heterodimerization of synapsins"
1175:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000157152
1094:calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
1030:release across the presynaptic membrane of
2349:
2335:
2327:
2273:
2259:
2251:
1126:The synapsin II protein has been shown to
662:
522:
310:
209:
106:
2229:
2204:Chen Q, He G, Qin W, et al. (2005).
2149:
2114:
2104:
2061:
2051:
2008:
1936:
1872:
1837:
1794:
1697:
1569:
1528:
1479:
1419:
1330:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1015:family that in humans are encoded by the
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
2288:
1919:Hosaka M, Hammer RE, Südhof TC (1999).
1162:
1046:gene results in two transcripts. The
18:
274:
235:
230:
173:
132:
127:
7:
1991:Spielhaupter C, Schätzl HM (2002).
1552:Hosaka, M; Südhof T C (Jun 1999).
910:
885:
851:
826:
802:
783:
757:
738:
712:
693:
492:
410:
348:
327:
14:
596:Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse
2306:
2291:
1098:mitogen-activated protein kinase
637:calcium-ion regulated exocytosis
496:
446:dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
258:
251:
245:
222:
157:
150:
144:
119:
53:, SYNII, Synapsin 2, synapsin II
27:
1295:"Entrez Gene: SYN2 synapsin II"
1034:neurons in the nervous system.
2181:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.05.010
1521:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3795-04.2004
1472:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0924-08.2008
622:chemical synaptic transmission
507:More reference expression data
476:More reference expression data
400:dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
1:
1938:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80851-X
1332:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)46255-7
1090:cAMP-dependent protein kinase
1026:and act as key modulators in
243:
142:
2566:Peripheral membrane proteins
2085:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
2032:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
1855:Hosaka M, Südhof TC (1999).
1777:Hosaka M, Südhof TC (1998).
1762:10.1016/0378-1119(96)00234-X
1042:Alternative splicing of the
2551:Genes on human chromosome 3
627:synaptic vesicle clustering
2582:
1052:gene is located within an
617:neurotransmitter secretion
2451:Brain natriuretic peptide
2286:
1904:10.3109/10425179909033936
1231:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1213:"Human PubMed Reference:"
991:
986:
982:
975:
959:
953:Chr 6: 115.11 – 115.26 Mb
940:
917:
892:
881:
858:
833:
822:
809:
805:
790:
786:
777:
764:
760:
745:
741:
732:
719:
715:
700:
696:
687:
672:
665:
661:
645:
566:synaptic vesicle membrane
525:
521:
504:
495:
486:
473:
422:
413:
360:
351:
321:
313:
309:
292:
279:
242:
221:
212:
208:
191:
178:
141:
118:
109:
105:
60:
57:
47:
40:
35:
26:
21:
2481:Olfactory marker protein
1874:10.1074/jbc.274.24.16747
1699:10.1074/jbc.270.41.24361
1571:10.1074/jbc.274.24.16747
1096:I, and domain B has two
458:dorsal tegmental nucleus
434:anterior amygdaloid area
2471:Neuronal calcium sensor
1665:10.1126/science.8430330
1628:10.1126/science.2506642
1430:10.1126/science.8430330
1377:10.1126/science.2506642
2556:Molecular neuroscience
2106:10.1073/pnas.242603899
2053:10.1073/pnas.261705799
2010:10.1074/jbc.M103289200
1830:10.1093/emboj/17.4.967
1796:10.1074/jbc.273.3.1425
1733:10.1006/geno.1995.1162
1266:10.1006/geno.1995.1162
632:synaptic vesicle cycle
376:superior frontal gyrus
1138:Clinical significance
601:glutamatergic synapse
438:medial dorsal nucleus
364:middle temporal gyrus
2362:nerve tissue protein
946:Chr 3: 12 – 12.19 Mb
581:postsynaptic density
450:ventromedial nucleus
237:Chromosome 6 (mouse)
135:Chromosome 3 (human)
2456:Nerve growth factor
2097:2002PNAS...9916899M
2044:2002PNAS...99.3199J
1657:1993Sci...259..780G
1620:1989Sci...245.1474S
1412:1993Sci...259..780G
1369:1989Sci...245.1474S
276:6 E3|6 53.2 cM
767:ENSMUSG00000009394
610:Biological process
549:Cellular component
533:Molecular function
442:olfactory tubercle
392:right frontal lobe
2538:
2537:
2324:
2323:
2210:Am. J. Hum. Genet
2091:(26): 16899–903.
1614:(4925): 1474–80.
1363:(4925): 1474–80.
1024:synaptic vesicles
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
971:
970:
936:
935:
907:
906:
877:
876:
848:
847:
818:
817:
799:
798:
773:
772:
754:
753:
728:
727:
709:
708:
657:
656:
517:
516:
513:
512:
482:
481:
469:
468:
407:
406:
396:prefrontal cortex
384:postcentral gyrus
380:entorhinal cortex
305:
304:
204:
203:
2573:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2328:
2310:
2295:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2252:
2243:
2233:
2200:
2169:Biol. Psychiatry
2163:
2153:
2128:
2118:
2108:
2075:
2065:
2055:
2022:
2012:
2003:(48): 44604–12.
1987:
1958:
1940:
1915:
1886:
1876:
1867:(24): 16747–53.
1851:
1841:
1808:
1798:
1773:
1744:
1711:
1701:
1676:
1639:
1592:
1591:
1573:
1564:(24): 16747–53.
1549:
1543:
1542:
1532:
1515:(50): 11368–80.
1500:
1494:
1493:
1483:
1466:(43): 10835–43.
1451:
1442:
1441:
1423:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1334:
1325:(27): 16527–33.
1310:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1278:
1277:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1209:
1203:
1193:
1182:
1172:
1028:neurotransmitter
984:
983:
955:
948:
931:
911:
902:
886:
882:RefSeq (protein)
872:
852:
843:
827:
803:
784:
758:
739:
713:
694:
663:
571:synaptic vesicle
523:
509:
500:
493:
478:
418:
416:Top expressed in
411:
372:Brodmann area 23
368:endothelial cell
356:
354:Top expressed in
349:
328:
311:
301:
288:
277:
262:
255:
249:
238:
226:
210:
200:
187:
176:
161:
154:
148:
137:
123:
107:
101:
99:SYN2 - orthologs
52:
45:
31:
19:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2392:
2388:Gamma-synuclein
2378:Alpha-synuclein
2364:
2355:
2325:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2302:
2296:
2282:
2279:
2248:
2246:
2203:
2166:
2131:
2078:
2038:(5): 3199–204.
2025:
1990:
1961:
1918:
1889:
1854:
1811:
1776:
1747:
1714:
1692:(41): 24361–9.
1679:
1651:(5096): 780–5.
1642:
1605:
1601:
1599:Further reading
1596:
1595:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1421:10.1.1.336.2100
1406:(5096): 780–5.
1397:
1396:
1392:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1312:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1281:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1194:
1185:
1173:
1164:
1159:
1140:
1124:
1107:
1085:
1066:protein domains
1062:
1040:
1009:phosphoproteins
993:View/Edit Mouse
988:View/Edit Human
951:
944:
941:Location (UCSC)
927:
923:
919:
898:
894:
868:
864:
860:
839:
835:
748:ENSG00000157152
641:
605:
576:plasma membrane
544:
505:
474:
465:
460:
456:
454:piriform cortex
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
414:
403:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
352:
296:
283:
275:
265:
264:
263:
256:
236:
213:Gene location (
195:
182:
174:
164:
163:
162:
155:
133:
110:Gene location (
61:
48:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2579:
2577:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2561:Human proteins
2558:
2553:
2543:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2436:Gap-43 protein
2433:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2419:Chromogranin A
2411:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2383:Beta-synuclein
2380:
2374:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2312:
2305:
2303:
2297:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2255:
2245:
2244:
2222:10.1086/425588
2201:
2164:
2151:10.1038/ng1285
2129:
2076:
2023:
1988:
1959:
1916:
1887:
1852:
1809:
1774:
1745:
1712:
1677:
1640:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1544:
1495:
1443:
1390:
1346:
1300:
1279:
1240:
1222:
1204:
1183:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1139:
1136:
1123:
1120:
1106:
1103:
1084:
1081:
1061:
1058:
1039:
1036:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
990:
980:
979:
973:
972:
969:
968:
966:
964:
957:
956:
949:
942:
938:
937:
934:
933:
915:
914:
908:
905:
904:
890:
889:
883:
879:
878:
875:
874:
856:
855:
849:
846:
845:
831:
830:
824:
820:
819:
816:
815:
807:
806:
800:
797:
796:
788:
787:
781:
775:
774:
771:
770:
762:
761:
755:
752:
751:
743:
742:
736:
730:
729:
726:
725:
717:
716:
710:
707:
706:
698:
697:
691:
685:
684:
679:
674:
670:
669:
659:
658:
655:
654:
643:
642:
640:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
613:
611:
607:
606:
604:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
552:
550:
546:
545:
543:
542:
536:
534:
530:
529:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
502:
501:
490:
484:
483:
480:
479:
471:
470:
467:
466:
464:
463:
462:pontine nuclei
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
420:
419:
408:
405:
404:
402:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
358:
357:
345:
344:
336:
325:
319:
318:
315:RNA expression
307:
306:
303:
302:
294:
290:
289:
281:
278:
273:
267:
266:
257:
250:
244:
240:
239:
234:
228:
227:
219:
218:
206:
205:
202:
201:
193:
189:
188:
180:
177:
172:
166:
165:
156:
149:
143:
139:
138:
131:
125:
124:
116:
115:
103:
102:
59:
55:
54:
46:
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2578:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:Synaptophysin
2518:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2315:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2175:(3): 177–81.
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1997:J. Biol. Chem
1994:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1970:(4): 360–77.
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1931:(2): 377–87.
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:J. Biol. Chem
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1824:(4): 967–76.
1823:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1789:(3): 1425–9.
1788:
1784:
1783:J. Biol. Chem
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1756:(2): 289–90.
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1686:J. Biol. Chem
1683:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1558:J. Biol. Chem
1555:
1548:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:J. Biol. Chem
1316:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1151:schizophrenia
1148:
1144:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
994:
989:
985:
981:
978:
974:
967:
965:
962:
958:
954:
950:
947:
943:
939:
932:
930:
926:
922:
916:
912:
909:
903:
901:
897:
891:
887:
884:
880:
873:
871:
867:
863:
857:
853:
850:
844:
842:
838:
832:
828:
825:
823:RefSeq (mRNA)
821:
814:
813:
808:
804:
801:
795:
794:
789:
785:
782:
780:
776:
769:
768:
763:
759:
756:
750:
749:
744:
740:
737:
735:
731:
724:
723:
718:
714:
711:
705:
704:
699:
695:
692:
690:
686:
683:
680:
678:
675:
671:
668:
664:
660:
653:
649:
644:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
612:
609:
608:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
591:myelin sheath
589:
587:
586:SNARE complex
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
556:cell junction
554:
553:
551:
548:
547:
541:
538:
537:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:Gene ontology
524:
520:
508:
503:
499:
494:
491:
489:
485:
477:
472:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:
421:
417:
412:
409:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:
359:
355:
350:
347:
346:
343:
341:
337:
335:
334:
330:
329:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
300:
295:
291:
287:
282:
272:
268:
261:
254:
248:
241:
233:
229:
225:
220:
216:
211:
207:
199:
194:
190:
186:
181:
171:
167:
160:
153:
147:
140:
136:
130:
126:
122:
117:
113:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
56:
51:
44:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2507:
2486:S100 protein
2476:Neuropeptide
2313:
2298:
2247:
2216:(5): 873–7.
2213:
2209:
2172:
2168:
2141:
2137:
2088:
2084:
2035:
2031:
2000:
1996:
1967:
1964:J. Exp. Zool
1963:
1928:
1924:
1898:(1): 49–54.
1895:
1891:
1864:
1860:
1821:
1817:
1786:
1782:
1753:
1749:
1727:(2): 365–6.
1724:
1720:
1689:
1685:
1648:
1644:
1611:
1607:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1463:
1459:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1322:
1318:
1260:(2): 365–6.
1257:
1253:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1146:
1141:
1125:
1122:Interactions
1116:
1112:
1108:
1086:
1074:
1063:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1016:
1004:
1003:
925:NP_001313489
921:NP_001104485
918:
893:
870:NM_001326560
862:NM_001111015
859:
834:
810:
791:
765:
746:
720:
701:
681:
676:
338:
331:
297:115,258,967
284:115,111,863
58:External IDs
2491:Calgranulin
2466:Neurogranin
2281:PDB gallery
2144:(1): 40–5.
1509:J. Neurosci
1460:J. Neurosci
1005:Synapsin II
540:ATP binding
196:12,192,032
183:12,004,388
36:Identifiers
2545:Categories
2138:Nat. Genet
1202:, May 2017
1181:, May 2017
1157:References
342:(ortholog)
79:HomoloGene
2370:Synuclein
1580:0021-9258
1416:CiteSeerX
1143:Mutations
1083:Structure
929:NP_038709
900:NP_598328
896:NP_003169
866:NM_013681
841:NM_133625
837:NM_003178
667:Orthologs
426:subiculum
87:GeneCards
2498:Synapsin
2409:Chimerin
2240:15449241
2197:29528980
2189:15271586
2160:14702039
2125:12477932
2072:11867766
2019:11571277
1984:10578110
1955:14103027
1947:10571231
1912:10565545
1883:10358015
1721:Genomics
1588:10358015
1539:15601943
1490:18945891
1254:Genomics
1198:–
1177:–
1128:interact
1105:Function
1077:isoforms
1013:synapsin
977:Wikidata
646:Sources:
2525:Tubulin
2358:Protein
2231:1182116
2093:Bibcode
2040:Bibcode
1892:DNA Seq
1848:9463375
1839:1170446
1805:9430678
1770:8964517
1741:8530057
1708:7592648
1673:8430330
1653:Bibcode
1645:Science
1636:2506642
1616:Bibcode
1608:Science
1530:6730366
1481:2605971
1438:8430330
1408:Bibcode
1400:Science
1385:2506642
1365:Bibcode
1357:Science
1341:2118908
1274:8530057
1200:Ensembl
1179:Ensembl
1145:in the
1060:Protein
1011:in the
779:UniProt
734:Ensembl
673:Species
652:QuickGO
561:synapse
317:pattern
43:Aliases
2446:Myelin
2414:Granin
2238:
2228:
2195:
2187:
2158:
2123:
2116:139241
2113:
2070:
2063:122496
2060:
2017:
1982:
1953:
1945:
1925:Neuron
1910:
1881:
1846:
1836:
1818:EMBO J
1803:
1768:
1739:
1706:
1671:
1634:
1586:
1578:
1537:
1527:
1488:
1478:
1436:
1418:
1383:
1339:
1272:
1070:neuron
1054:intron
1032:axonal
963:search
961:PubMed
812:Q64332
793:Q92777
689:Entrez
488:BioGPS
175:3p25.2
75:103020
67:600755
2530:GPM6A
2441:GLUT3
2404:Agrin
2397:Other
2193:S2CID
1951:S2CID
1130:with
1049:TIMP4
722:20965
682:Mouse
677:Human
648:Amigo
340:Mouse
333:Human
280:Start
215:Mouse
179:Start
112:Human
83:49348
2461:SCG5
2431:FMR1
2314:1i7n
2299:1i7l
2236:PMID
2185:PMID
2156:PMID
2121:PMID
2068:PMID
2015:PMID
1980:PMID
1943:PMID
1908:PMID
1879:PMID
1844:PMID
1801:PMID
1766:PMID
1750:Gene
1737:PMID
1704:PMID
1669:PMID
1632:PMID
1584:PMID
1576:ISSN
1535:PMID
1486:PMID
1434:PMID
1381:PMID
1337:PMID
1270:PMID
1147:SYN2
1132:SYN1
1092:and
1044:SYN2
1038:Gene
1020:gene
1017:SYN2
703:6854
388:pons
323:Bgee
271:Band
232:Chr.
170:Band
129:Chr.
91:SYN2
63:OMIM
50:SYN2
22:SYN2
2226:PMC
2218:doi
2177:doi
2146:doi
2111:PMC
2101:doi
2058:PMC
2048:doi
2005:doi
2001:276
1972:doi
1968:285
1933:doi
1900:doi
1869:doi
1865:274
1834:PMC
1826:doi
1791:doi
1787:273
1758:doi
1754:173
1729:doi
1694:doi
1690:270
1661:doi
1649:259
1624:doi
1612:245
1566:doi
1562:274
1525:PMC
1517:doi
1476:PMC
1468:doi
1426:doi
1404:259
1373:doi
1361:245
1327:doi
1323:265
1262:doi
293:End
192:End
95:OMA
71:MGI
2547::
2360::
2234:.
2224:.
2214:75
2212:.
2208:.
2191:.
2183:.
2173:56
2171:.
2154:.
2142:36
2140:.
2136:.
2119:.
2109:.
2099:.
2089:99
2087:.
2083:.
2066:.
2056:.
2046:.
2036:99
2034:.
2030:.
2013:.
1999:.
1995:.
1978:.
1966:.
1949:.
1941:.
1929:24
1927:.
1923:.
1906:.
1896:10
1894:.
1877:.
1863:.
1859:.
1842:.
1832:.
1822:17
1820:.
1816:.
1799:.
1785:.
1781:.
1764:.
1752:.
1735:.
1725:28
1723:.
1719:.
1702:.
1688:.
1684:.
1667:.
1659:.
1647:.
1630:.
1622:.
1610:.
1582:.
1574:.
1560:.
1556:.
1533:.
1523:.
1513:24
1511:.
1507:.
1484:.
1474:.
1464:28
1462:.
1458:.
1446:^
1432:.
1424:.
1414:.
1402:.
1379:.
1371:.
1359:.
1335:.
1321:.
1317:.
1303:^
1282:^
1268:.
1258:28
1256:.
1252:.
1233:.
1215:.
1186:^
1165:^
1153:.
1134:.
650:/
299:bp
286:bp
198:bp
185:bp
93:;
89::
85:;
81::
77:;
73::
69:;
65::
2513:3
2508:2
2503:1
2424:B
2350:e
2343:t
2336:v
2274:e
2267:t
2260:v
2242:.
2220::
2199:.
2179::
2162:.
2148::
2127:.
2103::
2095::
2074:.
2050::
2042::
2021:.
2007::
1986:.
1974::
1957:.
1935::
1914:.
1902::
1885:.
1871::
1850:.
1828::
1807:.
1793::
1772:.
1760::
1743:.
1731::
1710:.
1696::
1675:.
1663::
1655::
1638:.
1626::
1618::
1590:.
1568::
1541:.
1519::
1492:.
1470::
1440:.
1428::
1410::
1387:.
1375::
1367::
1343:.
1329::
1297:.
1276:.
1264::
1237:.
1219:.
217:)
114:)
97::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
