Knowledge (XXG)

Synemin

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are more than 80% identical across the same species. Although several parts were very similar between human desmuslin and chicken synemin, the low degree of conservation between these two proteins compared to other cloned IF proteins suggested that synemin was not the human desmuslin orthologue. In
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assays could not detect an interaction between human desmuslin and α-actinin. In 2001, Titeux and colleagues reported the cloning of the α and β splice-varying isoforms of human synemin and showed that β-synemin was identical to desmuslin. In 2014 was reported the first synemin -/- null animal.
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and extracellular matrix. Synemin contributes to linkage between costameres and the contractile apparatus in skeletal muscle of synemin null animals. Synemin plays an important regulatory role in the heart and the consequences of its absence are profound.
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of chicken synemin, Mizuno and colleagues reported the cloning of a novel IF protein, human desmuslin, as an α-dystrobrevin-interacting protein. Sequence analysis showed that human desmuslin was 32% identical and 11% similar to the
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isoforms of synemin exist, α and β and L. Both isoforms have a very short N-terminal domain of 10 amino acids and a long C-terminal domain consisting of 1243 amino acids for the α isoform and 931 amino acids for the β isoform. An
1041:(IF) and, like other IFs, primarily functions to integrate mechanical stress and maintain structural integrity in eukaryotic cells. While it has been observed in a variety of cell types, it has been best studied in the 1518:
Rotondo JC, Bosi S, Bassi C, Ferracin M, Lanza G, GafĂ  R, et al. (April 2015). "Gene expression changes in progression of cervical neoplasia revealed by microarray analysis of cervical neoplastic keratinocytes".
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Titeux M, Brocheriou V, Xue Z, Gao J, Pellissier JF, Guicheney P, et al. (December 2001). "Human synemin gene generates splice variants encoding two distinct intermediate filament proteins".
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at different levels of malignancy. For this reason, SYNM is likely to be associated with tumorigenesis and may be a potential prognostic marker for uterine cervical
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proteins that confer resistance to mechanical stress and are encoded by a dispersed multigene family. This protein has been found to form a linkage between
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Granger BL, Lazarides E (December 1980). "Synemin: a new high molecular weight protein associated with desmin and vimentin filaments in muscle".
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The origin of the synemin/desmuslin naming convention is quite complex. In 1980, synemin was first identified in
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and was initially described as an IF-associated protein due to its colocalization and copurification with
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GarcĂ­a-Pelagio KP, Muriel J, O'Neill A, Desmond PF, Lovering RM, Lund L, et al. (March 2015).
2358: 1988: 1597: 1554: 89: 1393:"Desmuslin, an intermediate filament protein that interacts with alpha -dystrobrevin and desmin" 919: 915: 911: 890: 886: 860: 856: 852: 831: 827: 4512: 4428: 4335: 4088: 3756: 3459: 2120: 1589: 1546: 1495: 1472: 1432: 1366: 1315: 37: 3479: 4128: 3704: 3411: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3371: 3292: 3001: 2981: 2951: 2946: 2828: 2183: 2178: 1581: 1536: 1528: 1464: 1422: 1412: 1356: 1346: 1305: 1297: 334: 265: 209: 164: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3361: 3351: 3341: 3336: 3307: 3011: 3006: 2053: 1941: 1931: 1906: 1886: 1790: 1770: 4456: 4348: 3846: 2460: 2310: 2193: 2013: 309: 85: 1391:
Mizuno Y, Thompson TG, Guyon JR, Lidov HG, Brosius M, Imamura M, et al. (May 2001).
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GarcĂ­a-Pelagio KP, Chen L, Joca HC, Ward C, Jonathan Lederer W, Bloch RJ (January 2018).
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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of skeletal myocytes. It localizes at the Z-disk and has been shown to bind to
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sequence of the synemin β isoform is used as a coding sequence for synemin α.
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laterally throughout the tissue, especially between the contractile
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Synemin has properties very similar to the intermediate filament
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SYNM gene has been observed progressively downregulated in
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Cell Physiology 623:intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization 1215:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030554 1057:to act as a mechanical linker in transmitting 3971: 1644: 628:fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction 8: 1339:Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 1194:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000182253 4611:United States National Library of Medicine 4446: 4145: 4060: 4051: 4037: 4026: 3978: 3964: 3956: 2914: 2354: 2336: 1697: 1688: 1674: 1651: 1637: 1629: 653: 508: 367:Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis 305: 204: 101: 1621:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine 1540: 1426: 1416: 1360: 1350: 1309: 4609:This article incorporates text from the 1450: 1448: 1446: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1380: 383:Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii 1181: 546:structural constituent of cytoskeleton 18: 269: 230: 225: 168: 127: 122: 7: 4364:Connective tissue in skeletal muscle 1017:(IF) family member. IF proteins are 429:medial head of gastrocnemius muscle 1164:addition, unlike chicken synemin, 901: 876: 842: 817: 793: 774: 748: 729: 703: 684: 487: 405: 343: 322: 14: 1006:that in humans is encoded by the 2279:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein 1490:Omary MB, Liem RK, eds. (2016). 1469:10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02594.x 1457:European Journal of Biochemistry 551:structural constituent of muscle 253: 246: 240: 217: 152: 145: 139: 114: 4395:Excitation–contraction coupling 3500:Microtubule organising proteins 1521:Journal of Cellular Physiology 1492:Intermediate Filament Proteins 1115:derived from uterine cervical 471:More reference expression data 1: 3547:Microtubule severing proteins 541:intermediate filament binding 238: 137: 4631:Genes on human chromosome 15 2207:actin depolymerizing factors 1586:10.1016/0092-8674(80)90549-8 536:structural molecule activity 3685:Plakoglobin (gamma catenin) 1352:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.12.005 4647: 4400:Sliding filament mechanism 1302:10.1152/ajpcell.00331.2014 602:neurofilament cytoskeleton 441:sternocleidomastoid muscle 4148: 4119: 3941: 1250:"Mouse PubMed Reference:" 1232:"Human PubMed Reference:" 982: 977: 973: 966: 950: 931: 908: 883: 872: 849: 824: 813: 800: 796: 781: 777: 768: 755: 751: 736: 732: 723: 710: 706: 691: 687: 678: 663: 656: 652: 636: 511: 507: 495: 490: 481: 468: 417: 408: 355: 346: 316: 308: 304: 287: 274: 237: 216: 207: 203: 186: 173: 136: 113: 104: 100: 55: 52: 42: 35: 30: 26: 21: 3911:Prokaryotic cytoskeleton 1623:Medical Subject Headings 1113:neoplastic keratinocytes 445:tibialis anterior muscle 4593:Fukutin-related protein 944:Chr 7: 67.38 – 67.41 Mb 937:Chr 15: 99.1 – 99.14 Mb 433:vastus lateralis muscle 375:vastus lateralis muscle 16:Protein found in humans 4551:Sarcoplasmic reticulum 4380:Neuromuscular junction 4288:elastic filament/titin 4010:Vascular smooth muscle 1418:10.1073/pnas.111153298 421:triceps brachii muscle 4283:thick filament/myosin 2531:(hard alpha-keratins) 2362:(soft alpha-keratins) 1169:coimmunoprecipitation 1146:. Subsequent to the 1121:preneoplastic lesions 1117:preneoplastic lesions 1039:intermediate filament 1015:intermediate filament 592:intermediate filament 130:Chromosome 15 (human) 3946:cytoskeletal defects 3906:Major sperm proteins 1109:Human papillomavirus 1027:extracellular matrix 232:Chromosome 7 (mouse) 4278:thin filament/actin 4264:(a, i, and h bands; 2359:Epithelial keratins 1409:2001PNAS...98.6156M 48:, DMN, SYN, synemin 4613:, which is in the 1494:. Academic Press. 758:ENSMUSG00000030554 616:Biological process 560:Cellular component 519:Molecular function 379:tail of epididymis 4605: 4604: 4601: 4600: 4559: 4558: 4513:Myosatellite cell 4429:Intercalated disc 4408: 4407: 4336:Connective tissue 4254: 4253: 4250: 4249: 4217:Synemin/desmuslin 4137: 4136: 3953: 3952: 3894: 3893: 3654: 3653: 2899: 2898: 2781: 2780: 2324: 2323: 2267: 2266: 1533:10.1002/jcp.24808 1501:978-0-12-803491-0 1463:(24): 6435–6449. 1403:(11): 6156–6161. 993: 992: 989: 988: 962: 961: 927: 926: 898: 897: 868: 867: 839: 838: 809: 808: 790: 789: 764: 763: 745: 744: 719: 718: 700: 699: 648: 647: 597:adherens junction 503: 502: 499: 498: 477: 476: 464: 463: 402: 401: 300: 299: 199: 198: 4638: 4447: 4230: 4146: 4129:Laminin, alpha 2 4061: 4052: 4038: 4027: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3957: 2915: 2355: 2337: 1698: 1689: 1675: 1653: 1646: 1639: 1630: 1606: 1605: 1569: 1563: 1562: 1544: 1515: 1506: 1505: 1487: 1481: 1480: 1452: 1441: 1440: 1430: 1420: 1388: 1375: 1374: 1364: 1354: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1313: 1296:(6): C448–C462. 1281: 1272: 1271: 1264: 1258: 1257: 1246: 1240: 1239: 1228: 1222: 1212: 1201: 1191: 1013:. Synemin is an 998:, also known as 975: 974: 946: 939: 922: 902: 893: 877: 873:RefSeq (protein) 863: 843: 834: 818: 794: 775: 749: 730: 704: 685: 654: 526:vinculin binding 509: 488: 473: 453:digastric muscle 413: 411:Top expressed in 406: 359:seminal vesicula 351: 349:Top expressed in 344: 323: 306: 296: 283: 272: 257: 250: 244: 233: 221: 205: 195: 182: 171: 156: 149: 143: 132: 118: 102: 96: 94:SYNM - orthologs 47: 40: 19: 4646: 4645: 4641: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4636: 4635: 4621: 4620: 4606: 4597: 4565: 4555: 4517: 4492: 4438: 4415: 4404: 4368: 4330: 4265: 4263: 4246: 4226: 4221: 4133: 4115: 4056: 4045: 4032: 4021: 4014: 3996: 3989: 3984: 3954: 3949: 3937: 3890: 3793: 3699: 3650: 3563: 3542: 3494: 3317: 3109: 3061: 2907: 2895: 2865: 2812: 2777: 2761: 2645:Ungrouped alpha 2640: 2530: 2522: 2361: 2347: 2341: 2331: 2320: 2263: 2060: 1739: 1681: 1666: 1657: 1615: 1610: 1609: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1517: 1516: 1509: 1502: 1489: 1488: 1484: 1454: 1453: 1444: 1390: 1389: 1378: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1283: 1282: 1275: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1248: 1247: 1243: 1230: 1229: 1225: 1213: 1204: 1192: 1183: 1178: 1129: 1105: 1088: 1086:Splice variants 1072: 1035: 984:View/Edit Mouse 979:View/Edit Human 942: 935: 932:Location (UCSC) 918: 914: 910: 889: 885: 859: 855: 851: 830: 826: 739:ENSG00000182253 632: 611: 555: 531:protein binding 469: 460: 455: 451: 449:muscle of thigh 447: 443: 439: 437:temporal muscle 435: 431: 427: 423: 409: 398: 393: 391:right ventricle 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 347: 291: 278: 270: 260: 259: 258: 251: 231: 208:Gene location ( 190: 177: 169: 159: 158: 157: 150: 128: 105:Gene location ( 56: 43: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4644: 4642: 4634: 4633: 4623: 4622: 4603: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4569: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4553: 4548: 4547: 4546: 4536: 4531: 4525: 4523: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4515: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4485: 4476: 4471: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4453: 4451: 4444: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4420: 4418: 4410: 4409: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4390:Muscle spindle 4387: 4382: 4376: 4374: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4340: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4328: 4327: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4305: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4296: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4269: 4267: 4266:z and m lines) 4256: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4244: 4239: 4233: 4231: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4203: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4172: 4171: 4170: 4165: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4139: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4131: 4126: 4120: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4113: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4070: 4068: 4058: 4049: 4035: 4024: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4012: 4007: 4001: 3999: 3991: 3990: 3985: 3983: 3982: 3975: 3968: 3960: 3951: 3950: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3908: 3902: 3900: 3896: 3895: 3892: 3891: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3871: 3861: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3844: 3843: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3810:Corneodesmosin 3801: 3799: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3791: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3749: 3748: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3727: 3722: 3721: 3720: 3709: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3681: 3680: 3670: 3664: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3648: 3647: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3626: 3625: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3594: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3577: 3571: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3561: 3556: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3504: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3327: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3119: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3071: 3069: 3063: 3062: 3060: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2923: 2921: 2912: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2877:Nuclear lamins 2873: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2852: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2831: 2826: 2820: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2775: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2759: 2758: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2648: 2646: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2534: 2532: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2456: 2455: 2454: 2453: 2443: 2442: 2441: 2429: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2365: 2363: 2352: 2334: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2307: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2286: 2281: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2268: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2239: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2227: 2226: 2225: 2220: 2203: 2201:Arp2/3 complex 2198: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2170: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2142: 2141: 2140: 2126: 2115: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2061: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1986: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1971: 1970: 1969: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1944: 1936: 1935: 1934: 1929: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1891: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1749: 1747: 1741: 1740: 1738: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1706: 1704: 1695: 1686: 1679:Microfilaments 1672: 1668: 1667: 1658: 1656: 1655: 1648: 1641: 1633: 1627: 1626: 1614: 1613:External links 1611: 1608: 1607: 1580:(3): 727–738. 1564: 1527:(4): 806–812. 1507: 1500: 1482: 1442: 1376: 1325: 1273: 1259: 1241: 1223: 1202: 1180: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1128: 1125: 1104: 1101: 1092:splice variant 1087: 1084: 1071: 1068: 1047:α-dystrobrevin 1037:Synemin is an 1034: 1031: 991: 990: 987: 986: 981: 971: 970: 964: 963: 960: 959: 957: 955: 948: 947: 940: 933: 929: 928: 925: 924: 906: 905: 899: 896: 895: 881: 880: 874: 870: 869: 866: 865: 847: 846: 840: 837: 836: 822: 821: 815: 811: 810: 807: 806: 798: 797: 791: 788: 787: 779: 778: 772: 766: 765: 762: 761: 753: 752: 746: 743: 742: 734: 733: 727: 721: 720: 717: 716: 708: 707: 701: 698: 697: 689: 688: 682: 676: 675: 670: 665: 661: 660: 650: 649: 646: 645: 634: 633: 631: 630: 625: 619: 617: 613: 612: 610: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 563: 561: 557: 556: 554: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 522: 520: 516: 515: 505: 504: 501: 500: 497: 496: 493: 492: 485: 479: 478: 475: 474: 466: 465: 462: 461: 459: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 415: 414: 403: 400: 399: 397: 396: 395:deltoid muscle 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 363:saphenous vein 360: 356: 353: 352: 340: 339: 331: 320: 314: 313: 310:RNA expression 302: 301: 298: 297: 289: 285: 284: 276: 273: 268: 262: 261: 252: 245: 239: 235: 234: 229: 223: 222: 214: 213: 201: 200: 197: 196: 188: 184: 183: 175: 172: 167: 161: 160: 151: 144: 138: 134: 133: 126: 120: 119: 111: 110: 98: 97: 54: 50: 49: 41: 33: 32: 28: 27: 24: 23: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4643: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4615:public domain 4612: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4562: 4552: 4549: 4545: 4542: 4541: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4520: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4480: 4479:Microfilament 4477: 4475: 4472: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4458: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4448: 4445: 4441: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4411: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4371: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4311: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4261: 4257: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4224: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4142:Intracellular 4140: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4121: 4118: 4112: 4109: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4076: 4075: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4062: 4059: 4057:extracellular 4053: 4050: 4048: 4043: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4017: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3992: 3988: 3987:Muscle tissue 3981: 3976: 3974: 3969: 3967: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3948: 3947: 3940: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3913: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3866: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3848: 3845: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3807: 3806: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3753: 3750: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3690:Delta catenin 3688: 3686: 3683: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3668:Alpha catenin 3666: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428:cytoplasmic: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3064: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2835: 2834:Neurofilament 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2706: 2705: 2704:chromosome 12 2701: 2700: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2653:chromosome 17 2650: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2603:chromosome 12 2600: 2596: 2595: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2544: 2543:chromosome 17 2540: 2536: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2528:Hair keratins 2525: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2466: 2465:chromosome 12 2462: 2458: 2457: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2444: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2435: 2434: 2433:chromosome 12 2430: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2377: 2376: 2375: 2374:chromosome 17 2371: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2345: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330:Intermediate 2327: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2260: 2257: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1797: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1751: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1642: 1640: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1612: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1568: 1565: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1542:11392/2066612 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1497: 1493: 1486: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1329: 1326: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1263: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1245: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1136:smooth muscle 1134: 1126: 1124: 1123:progression. 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1102: 1100: 1098: 1093: 1085: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1032: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 985: 980: 976: 972: 969: 965: 958: 956: 953: 949: 945: 941: 938: 934: 930: 923: 921: 917: 913: 907: 903: 900: 894: 892: 888: 882: 878: 875: 871: 864: 862: 858: 854: 848: 844: 841: 835: 833: 829: 823: 819: 816: 814:RefSeq (mRNA) 812: 805: 804: 799: 795: 792: 786: 785: 780: 776: 773: 771: 767: 760: 759: 754: 750: 747: 741: 740: 735: 731: 728: 726: 722: 715: 714: 709: 705: 702: 696: 695: 690: 686: 683: 681: 677: 674: 671: 669: 666: 662: 659: 655: 651: 644: 640: 635: 629: 626: 624: 621: 620: 618: 615: 614: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 572:cell junction 570: 568: 565: 564: 562: 559: 558: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 523: 521: 518: 517: 514: 513:Gene ontology 510: 506: 494: 489: 486: 484: 480: 472: 467: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 419: 416: 412: 407: 404: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 357: 354: 350: 345: 342: 341: 338: 336: 332: 330: 329: 325: 324: 321: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 295: 290: 286: 282: 277: 267: 263: 256: 249: 243: 236: 228: 224: 220: 215: 211: 206: 202: 194: 189: 185: 181: 176: 166: 162: 155: 148: 142: 135: 131: 125: 121: 117: 112: 108: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 51: 46: 39: 34: 29: 25: 20: 4608: 4607: 4457:Muscle fiber 4227: 4216: 4158:Dystrobrevin 4111:Dystroglycan 3943: 3718:Dystroglycan 3673:Beta catenin 2905:Microtubules 2855: 2773:Beta-keratin 2702: 2651: 2597: 2537: 2459: 2445: 2431: 2368: 2205: 2072:Tropomodulin 1664:cytoskeleton 1577: 1573: 1567: 1524: 1520: 1491: 1485: 1460: 1456: 1400: 1396: 1342: 1338: 1328: 1293: 1289: 1262: 1253: 1244: 1235: 1226: 1165: 1130: 1106: 1089: 1073: 1036: 1019:cytoskeletal 1007: 999: 995: 994: 909: 884: 850: 825: 801: 782: 756: 737: 711: 692: 672: 667: 587:cytoskeleton 333: 326: 53:External IDs 4508:Muscle cell 4483:Myofilament 4302:Tropomyosin 4273:Myofilament 4074:Sarcoglycan 3864:Plakophilin 3815:Desmoplakin 3575:Tau protein 2349:Cytokeratin 2145:Tropomyosin 1693:Myofilament 1345:: 354–363. 387:optic nerve 292:67,409,490 279:67,379,908 191:99,135,593 178:99,098,217 31:Identifiers 4578:Telethonin 4539:Sarcolemma 4534:Sarcoplasm 4467:extrafusal 4462:intrafusal 4424:Myocardium 4385:Motor unit 4359:Endomysium 4354:Perimysium 4242:Caveolin 3 4175:Syntrophin 4153:Dystrophin 4005:Calmodulin 3944:See also: 3916:Crescentin 3835:Periplakin 3825:Envoplakin 3713:Dystrophin 3330:axonemal: 2824:Internexin 2803:Peripherin 1221:, May 2017 1200:, May 2017 1176:References 1153:amino acid 1111:-positive 1080:dystrophin 1070:Properties 1063:myofibrils 607:sarcolemma 425:knee joint 337:(ortholog) 271:7|7 C 74:HomoloGene 4583:Dysferlin 4566:ungrouped 4488:Sarcomere 4474:Myofibril 4434:Nebulette 4344:Epimysium 4260:Sarcomere 4212:Dysbindin 4207:Syncoilin 4124:Sarcospan 4055:Membrane/ 4042:Costamere 3533:Centrin 3 3528:Centrin 2 3523:Centrin 1 2861:Syncoilin 2766:Not alpha 2332:filaments 2284:Fibrillin 1076:syncoilin 1051:α-actinin 1043:sarcomere 1000:desmuslin 920:NP_997546 916:NP_964001 912:NP_899135 891:NP_663780 887:NP_056101 861:NM_207663 857:NM_201639 853:NM_183312 832:NM_015286 828:NM_145728 658:Orthologs 577:costamere 567:cytoplasm 82:GeneCards 4625:Category 4573:Myotilin 4544:T-tubule 4504:Myoblast 4349:Fascicle 4309:Troponin 4228:related: 4031:Skeletal 4020:Striated 3899:Nonhuman 3859:Vinculin 3820:Dystonin 3752:Spectrin 3725:Utrophin 3705:Membrane 3660:Catenins 3592:Stathmin 3580:Dynactin 3460:DYNC2LI1 3455:DYNC1LI2 3450:DYNC1LI1 3115:Kinesins 2919:Tubulins 2808:Vimentin 2340:Type 1/2 2242:Profilin 2237:Gelsolin 2099:Troponin 1660:Proteins 1602:24349058 1559:24986454 1551:25205602 1477:11737198 1437:11353857 1371:29247678 1320:25567810 1217:– 1196:– 1166:in vitro 1157:vimentin 1144:vimentin 1097:intronic 1033:Function 968:Wikidata 637:Sources: 582:membrane 4588:Fukutin 4414:Cardiac 4373:General 4293:nebulin 3886:PLEKHA7 3840:Plectin 3805:Plakins 3730:Ankyrin 3629:Dynamin 3559:Spastin 3554:Katanin 3518:CAMSAP3 3513:CAMSAP2 3508:CAMSAP1 3480:DYNLRB2 3475:DYNLRB1 3445:DYNC1I2 3440:DYNC1I1 3435:DYNC2H1 3430:DYNC1H1 3323:Dyneins 3047:TUBGCP6 3042:TUBGCP5 3037:TUBGCP4 3032:TUBGCP3 3027:TUBGCP2 2856:Synemin 2599:type II 2461:type II 2344:Keratin 2289:Filamin 2230:Destrin 2213:Cofilin 2174:Actinin 1745:Myosins 1662:of the 1619:Synemin 1594:7006832 1405:Bibcode 1362:5850968 1311:4360028 1219:Ensembl 1198:Ensembl 1148:cloning 1127:History 1004:protein 1002:, is a 996:Synemin 770:UniProt 725:Ensembl 664:Species 643:QuickGO 312:pattern 170:15q26.3 70:2661187 38:Aliases 4564:Other/ 4529:Desmin 4416:muscle 4033:muscle 4022:muscle 3997:muscle 3995:Smooth 3787:SPTBN5 3782:SPTBN4 3777:SPTBN2 3772:SPTBN1 3762:SPTAN1 3597:Tektin 3490:DYNLT3 3485:DYNLT1 3470:DYNLL2 3465:DYNLL1 3412:DNALI1 3397:DNAH17 3392:DNAH14 3387:DNAH13 3382:DNAH12 3377:DNAH11 3372:DNAH10 3293:KIF26B 3288:KIF26A 3263:KIF21B 3258:KIF21A 3253:KIF20B 3248:KIF20A 3238:KIF18B 3233:KIF18A 3223:KIF16B 3208:KIF13B 3203:KIF13A 3002:TUBB4Q 2987:TUBB2C 2982:TUBB2B 2977:TUBB2A 2957:TUBA4A 2952:TUBA3E 2947:TUBA3D 2942:TUBA3C 2937:TUBA1C 2932:TUBA1B 2927:TUBA1A 2870:Type 5 2829:Nestin 2817:Type 4 2793:Desmin 2786:Type 3 2539:type I 2370:type I 2316:TRIOBP 1982:MYO18B 1977:MYO18A 1973:XVIII 1967:MYO15A 1702:Actins 1625:(MeSH) 1600:  1592:  1557:  1549:  1498:  1475:  1435:  1425:  1369:  1359:  1318:  1308:  1161:desmin 1140:desmin 1103:Cancer 1090:Three 1055:desmin 1053:, and 1023:desmin 954:search 952:PubMed 803:Q70IV5 784:O15061 713:233335 680:Entrez 483:BioGPS 371:glutes 62:606087 4522:Other 4497:Cells 4450:Fiber 3847:Talin 3830:MACF1 3798:Other 3757:SPTA1 3622:TEKT5 3617:TEKT4 3612:TEKT3 3607:TEKT2 3602:TEKT1 3585:DCTN1 3568:Other 3422:DNAL4 3417:DNAL1 3407:DNAI2 3402:DNAI1 3367:DNAH9 3362:DNAH8 3357:DNAH7 3352:DNAH6 3347:DNAH5 3342:DNAH3 3337:DNAH2 3332:DNAH1 3313:KIFC3 3308:KIFC2 3303:KIFC1 3298:KIF27 3283:KIF25 3278:KIF24 3273:KIF23 3268:KIF22 3243:KIF19 3228:KIF17 3218:KIF15 3213:KIF14 3198:KIF12 3193:KIF11 3173:KIF5C 3168:KIF5B 3163:KIF5A 3158:KIF4B 3153:KIF4A 3148:KIF3C 3143:KIF3B 3138:KIF2C 3133:KIF2A 3128:KIF1B 3123:KIF1A 3095:MAP1B 3090:MAP1A 3057:TUBE1 3052:TUBD1 3022:TUBG2 3017:TUBG1 3012:TUBB8 3007:TUBB6 2997:TUBB4 2992:TUBB3 2972:TUBB1 2962:TUBA8 2311:Espin 2272:Other 2259:Titin 2065:Other 2054:MYLL1 2049:MYLK2 2039:MYLIP 2024:MYL6B 1957:MYO10 1947:MYO9B 1942:MYO9A 1932:MYO7B 1927:MYO7A 1907:MYO5C 1902:MYO5B 1897:MYO5A 1887:MYO3B 1882:MYO3A 1872:MYH16 1867:MYH15 1862:MYH14 1857:MYH13 1852:MYH11 1847:MYH10 1832:MYH7B 1791:MYO1H 1786:MYO1G 1781:MYO1F 1776:MYO1E 1771:MYO1D 1766:MYO1C 1761:MYO1B 1756:MYO1A 1671:Human 1598:S2CID 1555:S2CID 1428:33438 1133:avian 1059:force 694:23336 673:Mouse 668:Human 639:Amigo 457:ankle 335:Mouse 328:Human 275:Start 210:Mouse 174:Start 107:Human 4443:Both 4237:NOS1 4104:SGCZ 4099:SGCG 4094:SGCE 4089:SGCD 4084:SGCB 4079:SGCA 4047:DAPC 3931:ParM 3926:MreB 3921:FtsZ 3881:ACF7 3874:PKP2 3869:PKP1 3852:TLN1 3767:SPTB 3745:ANK3 3740:ANK2 3735:ANK1 3644:DNM3 3639:DNM2 3634:DNM1 3538:PCM1 3188:KIF9 3183:KIF7 3178:KIF6 3105:MAP4 3100:MAP2 3067:MAPs 2967:TUBB 2910:MAPs 2908:and 2849:NEFH 2844:NEFM 2839:NEFL 2798:GFAP 2446:none 2304:FLNC 2299:FLNB 2294:FLNA 2044:MYLK 2034:MYL9 2029:MYL7 2019:MYL6 2014:MYL5 2009:MYL4 2004:MYL3 1999:MYL2 1994:MYL1 1923:VII 1917:MYO6 1878:III 1842:MYH9 1837:MYH8 1827:MYH7 1822:MYH6 1817:MYH4 1812:MYH3 1807:MYH2 1802:MYH1 1684:ABPs 1682:and 1590:PMID 1574:Cell 1547:PMID 1496:ISBN 1473:PMID 1433:PMID 1367:PMID 1316:PMID 1159:and 1142:and 1011:gene 1008:SYNM 318:Bgee 266:Band 227:Chr. 165:Band 124:Chr. 86:SYNM 78:9081 58:OMIM 45:SYNM 22:SYNM 4065:DAP 3695:GAN 3678:APC 3085:EB3 3080:EB2 3075:EB1 2881:A/C 2564:33B 2559:33A 1963:XV 1938:IX 1913:VI 1798:II 1582:doi 1537:hdl 1529:doi 1525:230 1465:doi 1461:268 1423:PMC 1413:doi 1357:PMC 1347:doi 1343:114 1306:PMC 1298:doi 1294:308 491:n/a 288:End 187:End 90:OMA 66:MGI 4627:: 4200:G2 4195:G1 4190:B2 4185:B1 2891:B2 2886:B1 2879:: 2755:80 2750:79 2745:78 2740:77 2735:76 2730:75 2725:74 2720:73 2715:72 2710:71 2694:40 2689:39 2684:28 2679:27 2674:26 2669:25 2664:24 2659:23 2634:86 2629:85 2624:84 2619:83 2614:82 2609:81 2589:38 2584:37 2579:36 2574:35 2569:34 2554:32 2549:31 2506:6C 2501:6B 2496:6A 2476:2A 2451:21 2439:18 2425:20 2420:19 2415:17 2410:16 2405:15 2400:14 2395:13 2390:12 2385:10 1989:LC 1953:X 1893:V 1752:I 1735:G2 1730:G1 1725:C1 1715:A2 1710:A1 1596:. 1588:. 1578:22 1576:. 1553:. 1545:. 1535:. 1523:. 1510:^ 1471:. 1459:. 1445:^ 1431:. 1421:. 1411:. 1401:98 1399:. 1395:. 1379:^ 1365:. 1355:. 1341:. 1337:. 1314:. 1304:. 1292:. 1288:. 1276:^ 1252:. 1234:. 1205:^ 1184:^ 1049:, 641:/ 294:bp 281:bp 193:bp 180:bp 88:; 84:: 80:; 76:: 72:; 68:: 64:; 60:: 4617:. 4506:/ 4481:/ 4324:I 4319:C 4314:T 4262:/ 4180:A 4168:B 4163:A 4067:: 4044:/ 3979:e 3972:t 3965:v 2601:/ 2541:/ 2516:8 2511:7 2491:5 2486:4 2481:3 2471:1 2463:/ 2380:9 2372:/ 2351:) 2346:, 2342:( 2252:2 2247:1 2223:2 2218:1 2194:4 2189:3 2184:2 2179:1 2165:4 2160:3 2155:2 2150:1 2138:3 2135:2 2132:1 2129:I 2124:2 2121:1 2118:C 2113:3 2110:2 2107:1 2104:T 2092:4 2087:3 2082:2 2077:1 1793:) 1720:B 1652:e 1645:t 1638:v 1604:. 1584:: 1561:. 1539:: 1531:: 1504:. 1479:. 1467:: 1439:. 1415:: 1407:: 1373:. 1349:: 1322:. 1300:: 1270:. 1256:. 1238:. 212:) 109:) 92::

Index

Aliases
SYNM
OMIM
606087
MGI
2661187
HomoloGene
9081
GeneCards
SYNM
OMA
SYNM - orthologs
Human
Chromosome 15 (human)
Chr.
Chromosome 15 (human)
Chromosome 15 (human)
Genomic location for SYNM
Genomic location for SYNM
Band
bp
bp
Mouse
Chromosome 7 (mouse)
Chr.
Chromosome 7 (mouse)
Genomic location for SYNM
Genomic location for SYNM
Band
bp

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