532:
1987:
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855:
63:
44:
886:. Alexander was wounded in the fighting that ensued and the native tribes took to attacking the Macedonian garrisons stationed in their towns. As the revolt against Alexander intensified it spread through Sogdia, plunging it into two years of warfare, the intensity of which surpassed any other conflict of the
688:
era, extensive irrigation projects were constructed around both rivers, diverting their water into farmland and causing, during the post-Soviet era, the virtual disappearance of the Aral Sea, once the world's fourth-largest lake. The point at which the river flows from
Tajikistan into Uzbekistan is,
1021:
to the remains of the Aral Sea. The Syr Darya drains an area of over 800,000 square kilometres (310,000 sq mi), but no more than 200,000 square kilometres (77,000 sq mi) actually contribute significant flow to the river: indeed, two of the largest rivers in its basin, the
1109:
The uranium concentration of the stream water is increased in
Tajikistan with values of 43 μg/L and 12 μg/L; the WHO guideline value for drinking water of 30 μg/L is partly exceeded. The main input of uranium occurs upstream in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
837:
The important evidence is the etymology of the name of the Syr-Darya River mentioned by the
Ancient authors – '''Yaksart''', established by V. A. Livshits (2003: 10). It means ‘'''flowing’, ‘streaming’.''' The word belongs to the
1660:
Zoriy, P.; Schläger, M.; Murtazaev, K.; Pillath, J.; Zoriy, M.; Heuel-Fabianek, B. (2018). "Monitoring of uranium concentrations in water samples collected near potentially hazardous objects in North-West
Tajikistan".
980:
was opened in the
Kazakhstan, in hopes of protecting the river plain ecosystems, archaeological sites, and historical-cultural monuments, as well as plants and animal species, some of which are rare or endangered.
1471:В. В. Бартольд. К истории орошения Туркестана. (On the history of Irrigation in Turkestan) in Работы по исторической географии (Works on Historical Geography). Moscow: Vostochnaia Literatura, 2002. Pages 210-231
1435:
1404:
1505:"Review at Cambridge Core- Elena E. Kuzmina (edited by J.P. Mallory): The Origins of the Indo-Iranians. xviii+762 pages, 132 figures. 2007. Leiden: Brill; 978-90-04-16054-5 hardback"
3226:
977:
1096:
to the area. The amount of water taken from the river was such that in some periods of the year, no water at all reached the Aral Sea. The Amu Darya in
Uzbekistan and
1972:
2568:
874:
without encountering any opposition, they met with the first instances of native resistance to their presence. In
October 329 BC the Macedonians fought the
1946:
1763:
1716:
1459:"Sïr Daryā." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Online, 2014.
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2190:
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nations have failed to reinstate it. Inadequate infrastructure, poor water-management, and outdated irrigation methods all exacerbate the issue.
2082:
67:
Map of area around the Aral Sea. Aral Sea boundaries are c. 2008. The Syr Darya drainage basin is in yellow, and the Amu Darya basin in orange.
3212:
2526:
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1776:
965:
in summer. In return, Kyrgyzstan and
Tajikistan received Kazakh, Turkmen, and Uzbek coal, gas, and electricity in winter. After the 1991
3394:
3389:
657:
and flows for 2,256.25 kilometres (1,401.97 mi) west and north-west through
Uzbekistan, Sughd province of Tajikistan, and southern
1615:
3384:
2561:
2373:
1418:
The lowest spot of the country is on the height of 300 meters and the highest spot is on the height of 7495 meters above sea level.
882:, killing some 1,200 combatants including the leader of the nomads. Alexander was forced to retire south to deal with a revolt in
2241:
1951:
1727:
1068:. These canals are of central importance in this arid region. Many fell into disuse in the 17th and early 18th century, but the
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1995:
1635:[Syrdarya-Turkestan State Regional Natural Park, The History of the Creation of the Regional Park].
1215:
1104:
758:("True Pearl"), perhaps a reference to the color of its glacially-fed water. More evidence for the Persian
2476:
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2325:
2114:
1640:
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1017:—and flows for some 2,212 kilometres (1,374 mi) west and north-west through Uzbekistan and southern
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1030:, dry up before reaching it. Its annual flow is a very modest 37 cubic kilometres (30,000,000
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Various local governments throughout history have built and maintained an extensive system of
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Along its course, the Syr Darya irrigates the most productive agricultural regions in all of
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907:—"Alexandria the furthest"—in 329 BC. For most of its history since at least the
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Tajikistan is a typical mountainous country with absolute heights from 300 to 7495 m.
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1545:
Alexander the Great and
Bactria: The Formation of a Greek Frontier in Central Asia
1072:
rebuilt many in the 19th century, primarily along the Upper and Middle Syr Darya.
854:
62:
689:
at 300 m (980 ft) above sea level, the lowest elevation in Tajikistan.
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comes from the river's Turkic name up to the time of the Arab conquest, the
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186:
49:
1682:
895:
On the shores of the Syr Darya, Alexander placed a garrison in the City of
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2598:
1318:"Cooperative Management of Transboundary Water Resources in Central Asia"
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17:
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era, a resource-sharing system was instituted in which Kyrgyzstan and
911:
in the 7th to 8th centuries AD, the name of this city (in present-day
43:
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883:
871:
839:
307:
1931:
1633:"Сырдарья-Туркестанский государственный региональный природный парк"
1341:
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3058:
3033:
2753:
2708:
1809:
1436:
Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia
1065:
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818:), does not appear before the 16th century. In the 17th century,
3128:
1814:
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843:
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1745:
669:. It is the northern and eastern of the two main rivers in the
3123:
1632:
610:
554:
1619:
930:
introduced steam navigation to the Syr Darya, initially from
729:
604:
565:
571:
589:
1405:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan
866:
reached the Jaxartes in 329 BC, after travelling through
798:
784:
770:
592:
568:
746:, found in several sources, including those relating to
1578:"l'Asie Centrale Et Le Réveil De La Question D'Orient"
535:
Astronaut photograph of the Syr Darya River floodplain
1220:
717:. The current name dates only from the 18th century.
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72:
32:
1720:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). pp. 303–304.
1342:"Lesser Aral Sea and Delta of the Syrdarya River"
1311:
1309:
1483:"Notes on Some Chinese Loanwords in Old Turkic"
934:but with an important river port at Kazalinsk (
903:in Greek), which he then renamed after himself
497:Lesser Aral Sea and Delta of the Syrdarya River
1622:. 11 September 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
1034:) per year—half that of its sister river, the
978:Syrdarya–Turkestan State Regional Natural Park
677:(Jayhun, also known by its classical name the
3220:
2562:
1757:
1191:
1013:which come together in the Uzbek part of the
698:
8:
1185:
1179:
94:
79:
1287:
124:
109:
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3205:
2569:
2555:
2547:
2393:
2278:
2209:
2119:
2000:
1789:
1764:
1750:
1742:
938:) from 1847 to 1882, when service ceased.
420:3,900 m/s (140,000 cu ft/s)
61:
1084:in Middle and Lower Syr Darya during the
400:1,180 m/s (42,000 cu ft/s)
378:402,760 km (155,510 sq mi)
1387:lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m
1186:
783:also recorded this name as Yaosha River
1305:
1151:
1663:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
1431:"General information about Tajikistan"
750:. The Greek name hearkens back to the
410:170 m/s (6,000 cu ft/s)
29:
1225:
1200:
810:The current local name of the river,
673:of the Aral Sea, the other being the
508:
500:
492:
483:
7:
969:, this system disintegrated and the
922:In the mid-19th century, during the
1263:
1210:
370:2,256.25 km (1,401.97 mi)
949:shared water originating from the
842:dialect that had emerged from the
25:
1582:Revue des Deux Mondes (1829-1971)
1503:Koryakova, Ludmila (2008-06-01).
3236:
2578:
1985:
585:
544:
42:
1737:BBC News: Syn Darya in pictures
1616:Water Pressures in Central Asia
1400:"Territorial and border issues"
909:Muslim conquest of Central Asia
720:The earliest recorded name was
1708:; Bealby, John Thomas (1911).
1288:
319: • coordinates
238: • coordinates
1:
1675:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.11.010
1614:International Crisis Group. "
1576:Gucheval-Claugny, M. (1877).
1125:History of the central steppe
1045:, together with the towns of
924:Russian conquest of Turkestan
822:Khan, historian and ruler of
697:The second part of the name (
197:Physical characteristics
1706:Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch
1120:Extreme points of Tajikistan
862:When the Macedonian army of
579:, historically known as the
358: • elevation
277: • elevation
1274:
1246:
1221:
1180:
1100:faced a similar situation.
1088:period to water cotton and
709:) means "lake" or "sea" in
699:
303: • location
222: • location
110:
3411:
3395:Lowest points of countries
3390:Ramsar sites in Kazakhstan
1490:Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları
1102:
953:and Syr Darya rivers with
858:Syr Darya River at Khujand
799:
785:
771:
738:, consist of two morpheme
730:
626:
416: • maximum
406: • minimum
396: • average
281:400 m (1,300 ft)
3385:Sites along the Silk Road
3249:
2513:
2396:
2281:
2212:
2122:
2003:
1983:
1711:"Syr-darya (river)"
1521:10.1017/s0003598x00097076
1349:Sites Information Service
1283:
1235:
1192:
1175:
766:, or "Pearl river", from
704:
525:
521:
517:
424:
382:
285:
201:
125:
95:
60:
41:
1542:Holt, Frank Lee (1989).
967:fall of the Soviet Union
455: • right
2013:Altay (Altai) Mountains
1717:Encyclopædia Britannica
1105:Northern river reversal
989:The river rises in two
645:. It originates in the
443: • left
362:42 m (138 ft)
2237:Science and technology
1957:Republic of Kazakhstan
1641:Tomsk State University
1637:Биологический Институт
1509:Antiquity Publications
1255:
859:
536:
80:
1548:. Brill. p. 53.
1481:Tekin, Talat (1997).
1227:[siːɾdæɾˈjɒː]
1080:Massive expansion of
857:
830:the "Sea of Sïr," or
797:) and later Ye River
715:Central Asian Persian
633:. The name, which is
534:
341:46.15417°N 60.87361°E
260:40.90083°N 71.75750°E
27:River in Central Asia
3243:Rivers of Tajikistan
2604:Aksu (Lake Balkhash)
2585:Rivers of Kazakhstan
1927:List of Kazakh khans
1725:Livius.org: Jaxartes
1202:[sɨrdɐˈrʲja]
820:Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur
2038:Khan Tangiri Shyngy
2018:Aral Karakum Desert
1881:Kara-Khanid Khanate
1866:Xueyantuo Khaganate
1316:Daene C. McKinney.
1256:Siri Derya (Seyhun)
1130:Great Fergana Canal
995:Tian Shan Mountains
864:Alexander the Great
748:Alexander the Great
713:and "river" in the
647:Tian Shan Mountains
429:Basin features
337: /
256: /
2979:Saryozen (Myrzhyk)
2242:Telecommunications
1730:2014-03-19 at the
1375:The World Factbook
905:Alexandria Eschate
889:Anabasis Alexandri
876:Battle of Jaxartes
860:
637:, literally means
537:
510:Reference no.
346:46.15417; 60.87361
265:40.90083; 71.75750
3367:
3366:
3202:
3201:
2989:Saryozen (Turgay)
2984:Saryozen (Sarysu)
2949:Olenti (Auliekol)
2644:Ashchysu (Shagan)
2544:
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2509:
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2505:
2504:
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2191:Political parties
2164:Freedom of speech
2137:Foreign relations
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1981:
1980:
1937:Russian Turkestan
1861:Oghuz Yabgu State
1272:
1244:
1219:
1094:ecological damage
1082:irrigation canals
1076:Ecological damage
1070:Khanate of Kokand
663:northern remnants
629:), is a river in
529:
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478:Protection status
16:(Redirected from
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2063:Tien (Tian) Shan
2001:
1989:
1891:Chagatai Khanate
1876:Kyrgyz Khaganate
1871:Uyghur Khaganate
1836:Rouran Khaganate
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1158:Also written as
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846:language group.
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2043:Kyzylkum Desert
1990:
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1732:Wayback Machine
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1620:CrisisGroup.org
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1323:. Ce.utexas.edu
1320:
1315:
1314:
1307:
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1297:
1296:
1197:
1190:; Russian:
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1116:
1107:
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987:
852:
695:
671:endorheic basin
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505:2 February 2012
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2152:Prime Minister
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2015:
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2008:Aktogay Canyon
2004:
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1942:Alash Autonomy
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1922:Kazakh Khanate
1918:
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1700:Britannica.com
1695:
1694:External links
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1652:
1639:(in Russian).
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1408:. 1 March 2010
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1103:Main article:
1092:fields caused
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1015:Fergana Valley
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768:Middle Chinese
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3194:Zhyngyldyozek
3192:
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3174:Zhaman Sarysu
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2222:Energy policy
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2053:Sharyn Canyon
2051:
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2048:Lake Balkhash
2046:
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2036:
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2033:Kazakh Steppe
2031:
2029:
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2019:
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2014:
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1906:Uzbek Khanate
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1886:Mongol Empire
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1849:
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1824:Early history
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1492:(7): 165–173.
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1140:Jaxartosaurus
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1135:Daryalyktakyr
1133:
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1128:
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1123:
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984:
982:
979:
976:In 2012, the
974:
972:
971:Central Asian
968:
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869:
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835:
833:
829:
826:, called the
825:
821:
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813:
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806:
796:
792:
782:
778:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:Ancient Greek
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
707:
701:
692:
690:
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682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
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648:
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636:
632:
624:
623:Ancient Greek
618:
582:
576:
542:
533:
524:
520:
516:
512:
504:
496:
494:Official name
488:
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187:Kyzylorda, KZ
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183:Turkestan, KZ
180:
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55:
51:
48:Syr Darya at
45:
40:
31:
19:
3328:
3048:
3014:Sherubainura
2819:Kalmakkyrgan
2699:Bolshoy Uzen
2609:Ak-Suu (Chu)
2437:Azerbaijanis
2389:Demographics
2306:Coat of arms
2296:Architecture
2159:Human rights
2127:Constitution
2083:Subdivisions
2057:
1896:Golden Horde
1846:Kangar union
1715:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1644:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1610:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1559:. Retrieved
1544:
1537:
1515:(316): 457.
1512:
1508:
1498:
1489:
1476:
1455:
1447:
1440:. Retrieved
1434:
1425:
1417:
1410:. Retrieved
1403:
1394:
1386:
1379:. Retrieved
1373:
1370:"Tajikistan"
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1345:
1336:
1325:. Retrieved
1167:
1159:
1154:
1108:
1098:Turkmenistan
1079:
1063:
1043:Central Asia
1040:
1001:and eastern
988:
975:
959:Turkmenistan
940:
921:
894:
887:
878:against the
861:
836:
831:
815:
811:
809:
804:
794:
781:Tang Chinese
777:t͡ɕiɪn-t͡ɕɨo
776:
763:
756:Yakhsha Arta
755:
743:
739:
725:
721:
719:
696:
683:
678:
653:and eastern
642:
638:
631:Central Asia
580:
540:
538:
191:Baikonur, KZ
179:Tashkent, UZ
3184:Zhylandysay
3169:Yesenankaty
3064:Taldymanaka
3024:Shyngyrlau
2969:Sabyrzhylga
2909:Kyrshabakty
2864:Kichi-Kemin
2614:Akkanburlyk
2217:Agriculture
2028:Caspian Sea
1947:Kazakh ASSR
1901:White Horde
1669:: 109–117.
1007:Naryn River
991:headstreams
941:During the
915:) has been
832:Sïr Tengizi
752:Old Persian
434:Tributaries
344: /
263: /
175:Khujand, TJ
73:Native name
3374:Categories
3294:Kofarnihon
3089:Terisaqqan
2889:Kulanotpes
2829:Karakengir
2809:Kaldygaity
2784:Imanburlyk
2689:Boktykaryn
2492:Ukrainians
2364:Television
2328:(Internet)
2249:(currency)
2186:Parliament
2142:Government
2068:Ural River
1952:Kazakh SSR
1915:Since 1465
1793:Prehistory
1773:Kazakhstan
1646:2022-11-01
1588:(2): 409.
1555:9004086129
1442:31 January
1412:31 January
1381:30 January
1327:2014-02-07
1300:References
1019:Kazakhstan
1011:Kara Darya
1003:Uzbekistan
999:Kyrgyzstan
963:Uzbekistan
955:Kazakhstan
947:Tajikistan
913:Tajikistan
659:Kazakhstan
655:Uzbekistan
651:Kyrgyzstan
502:Designated
375:Basin size
332:60°52′25″E
329:46°09′15″N
312:Kazakhstan
251:71°45′27″E
248:40°54′03″N
231:Uzbekistan
215:Kara Darya
165:Kazakhstan
161:Tajikistan
157:Uzbekistan
153:Kyrgyzstan
54:Kazakhstan
3380:Syr Darya
3359:Zeravshan
3329:Syr Darya
3319:Shakhdara
3269:Fan Darya
3259:Amu Darya
3049:Syr Darya
3009:Shagalaly
2929:Maly Uzen
2904:Kylshakty
2854:Kauylzhyr
2849:Karkaraly
2824:Kamysakty
2714:Bukhtarma
2629:Aschiagar
2432:Armenians
2401:Education
2359:Squatting
2255:Transport
2147:President
2132:Elections
2096:Districts
2058:Syr Darya
1996:Geography
1594:0035-1962
1529:0003-598X
1269:romanized
1241:romanized
1216:romanized
1187:سىردارٸيا
1059:Turkestan
1055:Kyzylorda
1036:Amu Darya
985:Geography
951:Amu Darya
932:Fort Raim
901:Cyropolis
795:jɨɐk-ʃˠɛt
760:etymology
675:Amu Darya
643:Syr River
541:Syr Darya
387:Discharge
50:Kyzylorda
33:Syr Darya
18:Syr-Darya
3349:Yazgulem
3324:Simiganj
3044:Syntasty
3019:Shiderti
3004:Shabakty
2999:Sayramsu
2814:Kalkutan
2719:Buldyrty
2704:Boralday
2694:Bolgasyn
2674:Baikonyr
2669:Bagyrlai
2599:Akbastau
2536:Category
2477:Russians
2411:Language
2349:Religion
2301:Clothing
2286:Alphabet
2181:Military
2115:Politics
1966:By topic
1841:Göktürks
1777:articles
1728:Archived
1683:29136519
1602:44751873
1561:31 March
1354:25 April
1284:Sirdaryo
1247:Sirdaryo
1222:Sirdaryâ
1193:Сырдарья
1181:Syrdaria
1176:Сырдария
1160:Syrdarya
1114:See also
1026:and the
1009:and the
828:Aral Sea
731:Ἰαξάρτης
726:Iaxartes
722:Jaxartes
667:Aral Sea
627:Ἰαξάρτης
581:Jaxartes
144:Location
111:Sirdaryo
96:Сырдарыя
81:Syrdaria
36:Jaxartes
3344:Yaghnob
3299:Kyzylsu
3289:Khanaka
3284:Karatag
3264:Bartang
3189:Zhymyky
3134:Ulkayak
3084:Terekty
2894:Kürshim
2874:Kokozek
2844:Kargaly
2839:Karatal
2769:Esentai
2679:Bakanas
2520:Outline
2497:Uyghurs
2467:Koreans
2462:Kazakhs
2447:Germans
2425:Peoples
2334:Kazakhs
2326:Kaznet
2311:Cuisine
2274:Culture
2205:Economy
2101:Regions
2073:Zhetysu
2023:Borders
1856:Karluks
1785:History
1289:Сирдарё
1271::
1252:Turkish
1243::
1236:Сирдарё
1218::
1211:سيردريا
1207:Persian
1051:Khujand
1032:acre⋅ft
993:in the
917:Khujand
868:Bactria
850:History
840:Sogdian
711:Persian
684:In the
665:of the
661:to the
639:Syr Sea
635:Persian
464:Chirciq
149:Country
126:Сирдарё
3354:Zambar
3334:Vakhsh
3254:Ak-Suu
3179:Zharly
3159:Ushbas
3154:Urzhar
3119:Ubagan
3109:Turgay
3104:Tundik
3099:Tokrau
3079:Teneke
3074:Tegene
3069:Talgar
3039:Sonaly
3029:Sileti
2994:Sarysu
2974:Saghyz
2934:Mashat
2919:Lukina
2899:Kushum
2869:Kigach
2834:Karasu
2794:Irtysh
2744:Chilik
2739:Charyn
2654:Ayagöz
2592:Rivers
2482:Tatars
2452:Greeks
2442:Dungan
2406:Health
2291:Anthem
2247:Tenge
1973:Postal
1805:Kangju
1775:
1681:
1600:
1592:
1552:
1527:
1347:Ramsar
1275:Sayḥūn
1260:Arabic
1172:Kazakh
1086:Soviet
1066:canals
1047:Kokand
961:, and
943:Soviet
936:Kazaly
926:, the
884:Sogdia
872:Sogdia
803:(MC: *
686:Soviet
472:Sarysu
437:
390:
367:Length
308:Kazaly
206:Source
171:Cities
129:
114:
103:Kyrgyz
99:
88:Kazakh
84:
3309:Pamir
3304:Muksu
3094:Tobol
3059:Taldy
3054:Talas
3034:Sokyr
2964:Qapal
2939:Naryn
2914:Lepsy
2879:Koksu
2859:Keles
2804:Issyk
2799:Ishim
2789:Irgiz
2754:Ebita
2724:Büyen
2709:Borly
2684:Bogen
2664:Badam
2649:Atasu
2527:Index
2487:Turks
2472:Poles
2416:Women
2374:Y-DNA
2354:Sport
2344:Music
2339:Media
1810:Wusun
1598:JSTOR
1486:(PDF)
1321:(PDF)
1280:Uzbek
1264:سيحون
1232:Tajik
1146:Notes
1024:Talas
1005:—the
897:Cyrus
824:Khiva
764:Yinçü
754:name
744:artes
734:) in
700:darya
460:Naryn
291:Mouth
211:Naryn
133:Tajik
118:Uzbek
3339:Vanj
3314:Panj
3274:Gunt
3149:Ural
3129:Ulba
2944:Nura
2774:Ilek
2764:Emil
2759:Emba
2659:Ayat
2619:Arys
2457:Jews
2321:Flag
2315:wine
2169:LGBT
1831:Tele
1815:Huns
1800:Saka
1679:PMID
1590:ISSN
1563:2019
1550:ISBN
1525:ISSN
1444:2020
1414:2020
1383:2020
1356:2018
1198:IPA:
1090:rice
1057:and
892:.
880:Saka
870:and
844:Saka
805:jiɛp
742:and
740:Iaxa
706:دریا
693:Name
679:Oxus
539:The
513:2083
468:Arys
448:Kara
213:and
3124:Uil
3114:Uba
2884:Kon
2779:Ili
2749:Chu
2624:Asa
1932:Jüz
1671:doi
1667:181
1618:",
1517:doi
1028:Chu
997:in
816:Sïr
812:Syr
807:).
793:: *
786:藥殺水
724:or
681:).
649:in
641:or
605:ɑːr
566:ɑːr
555:ɪər
3376::
3164:Uy
2959:Or
1714:.
1677:.
1665:.
1596:.
1586:21
1584:.
1580:.
1523:.
1513:82
1511:.
1507:.
1488:.
1464:^
1446:.
1433:.
1416:.
1402:.
1385:.
1372:.
1344:.
1308:^
1282::
1278:;
1266:,
1262::
1258:;
1254::
1250:;
1238:,
1234::
1230:;
1213:,
1209::
1205:;
1196:,
1174::
1061:.
1053:,
1049:,
1038:.
957:,
919:.
834:.
800:葉河
791:MC
779:.
772:眞珠
703:,
625::
621:,
611:iː
590:dʒ
470:,
466:,
462:,
310:,
229:,
189:,
185:,
181:,
177:,
163:,
159:,
155:,
52:,
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3221:t
3214:v
2570:e
2563:t
2556:v
2317:)
2313:(
1765:e
1758:t
1751:v
1685:.
1673::
1649:.
1604:.
1565:.
1531:.
1519::
1358:.
1330:.
1292:.
1286:/
1184:/
1178:/
1162:.
899:(
814:(
789:(
775:*
728:(
617:/
614:z
608:t
602:s
599:ˈ
596:k
593:æ
587:/
583:(
575:/
572:ə
569:ɪ
563:d
560:ˈ
552:s
549:ˌ
546:/
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131:(
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116:(
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101:(
90:)
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