898:
93:
110:
51:
173:
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75:
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of engaging in human rights abuses during the conflict. In 2012, Republican guard units played an important role in repelling opposition offensives on
Damascus and Aleppo. Later in 2012, Republican Guard units were deployed to government bases in the North and East of the country, in order to bolster
652:
Between 2017 and 2021, Syrian
Republican Guard's battle order was partially changed and new units were created. As of October 2021, according to Gregory Waters, Republican Guard operates nine brigades, two mechanized regiments, two armored regiments, five special forces regiments and three artillery
921:
worn with red berets, rather than the standard black or green, red epaulettes, red lanyards, and brown leather belts with green camouflaged shoes. On ceremonial occasions, officers wear red peaked caps instead of a beret. Commandos of the Guard can easily been discerned from other units by their
627:
The main ground combat unit of the Syrian military is often called a brigade or regiment and is between 500 and 1,000 strong. This is considerably smaller than a corresponding
Western formation of that designation. For reasons of esprit de corps, these retain their pre-civil war titles as tank,
897:
1601:"Changes to Syria's special forces this week: Recently appointed Mohamad Saftly moved to command 30th SRG Division. Replaced as head of Special Forces by Suhail Hassan. Suhail replaced as head of 25th Div by former senior Tiger commander, current 30th Div commander Saleh Abdullah"
3720:
2090:
648:
and its future challenges. The text reflects the transformation that the battle order has presented through the conflict, from the old order of battle of the Soviet influence to the current one, more adapted to the new challenges.
837:
The 104th brigade is well known in the media due to its multi-year deployment against ISIL in Deir ez-Zor. Deployed to the area in late 2012, according to some sources (other sources state that the brigade was not
889:, which named him as "Responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population by troops under his command, particularly during the increased violence of the offensives on north-west Syria of 2019–2020."
852:
In late 2016 and early 2017, together with other pro-government units, the 800th
Regiment was reported to have stopped an ISIL offensive by defending the T4 airbase and preventing a possible ISIL assault on Homs.
842:), the brigade, along with other SAA elements, defended pro-government-held territory in Deir ez-Zor. The brigade was largely under siege from January 2015, supported from the air by the Syrian Arab Air Force and
2698:
681:
101st and 102nd
Infantry "Security" Regiments (whose task is to provide security to the President, government ministers, senior government officials and the Army headquarters and other government institutions)
1359:"Ghassan was appointed head of the SRG on Oct 15. Just 6 years ago he was promoted from head of the 1018th Battalion to command the 104th Brigade. June 2020 he left DeZ & took command of the 123rd Brig"
1192:
2590:
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commanded the Guard from 1976 until 1997. The
Republican Guard is used mostly to protect top Syrian government officials from any external threats and to serve as a counter-weight to the other powerful
3188:
2630:
628:
infantry, mechanized, artillery, special forces and airborne
Republican Guard brigades or regiments. However, their internal organisation is now very different from their pre-civil war structure.
1383:
271:
3133:
3107:
2567:
2082:
874:
in Deir ez-Zor and known as "Lion of the
Republican Guard," was killed when a land mine struck his vehicle in the Hwaijet Saqer area of Deir ez-Zor's countryside during a military operation.
3866:
2807:
2939:
849:
In 2016, elements of the 102nd, 106th
Brigades and the 800th Regiment were reported to have taken part in the successful Aleppo campaign which expelled opposition elements from the city.
2512:
3876:
3214:
2490:
2200:
1929:
2913:
276:
3871:
811:
The 103rd
Brigade reportedly operated in the Latakia province where (in 2013) it assisted other pro-government units in stopping opposition assaults on the Alawite heartland during
846:. The brigade in Deir ez-Zor city continued to be besieged until it was relieved on 5 September 2017. In early 2018 reports emerged that the unit was transferred back to Damascus.
3483:
2121:
1540:
1478:
266:
246:
1882:
1229:
241:
2886:
2315:
2661:
1961:
963:
rifles are believed to have entered Syria in the mid to late 1990s following a deal with Russia.The AK-74M is also sometimes seen with an NSPU night vision optic sight or a
2372:
936:
The Republican Guard tends to usually be better equipped than the standard Syrian Army. The Republican Guard has been documented and photographed using the American made
2706:
261:
3590:
2144:
2029:
1335:
863:
In 2017, following several deployments to the Aleppo front the 106th brigade reportedly returned to the Damascus operating area where it continued combat operations.
256:
3402:
3051:
3846:
3326:
2965:
2683:
3345:
2728:
2286:
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1004:
has also been used by the Republican Guard during the civil war and is usually seen being used whilst the guard members are in a building firing at rebels. The
2600:
2833:
2859:
2541:
805:
3192:
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formations near the capital, the 4th Mechanized Division, the 3rd Armoured Division, and the 14th Special Forces (Airborne) Division. Many members of the
2622:
1986:
1301:
1387:
3747:
3129:
3103:
1642:
3730:
2803:
2935:
3735:
804:
and stiffen the resistance against rebel advances. 400 Syrian Republican Guard fighters were reportedly called in as reinforcements during the
226:
3807:
1503:
3881:
3790:
3712:
3224:
2480:
2346:
2196:
216:
3369:"Col. Suheil Hassan "The Tiger" makes an appearance in Morek after its capture by SAA. He is leading Hama offensive. http://t.co/az8vV7GWFI"
1921:
211:
3583:
3429:
2909:
931:
3158:
2426:
1667:
839:
201:
3568:
2762:
3479:
1845:
2113:
1470:
3861:
3725:
1530:
1265:
1871:
1218:
616:, the Republican Guard included three mechanized brigades and two "security regiments." The unit has similar organization like other
251:
3675:
3081:
1818:
1064:
2882:
2311:
1682:
206:
3534:
2653:
2241:
1954:
1600:
1574:
1358:
191:
1562:
Operation to break #ISIS-imposed siege on #DeirEzZor is called "The Prince of Martyrs" in memory of Brigadier General Ali Khuzam
3779:
3576:
3552:, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, 2002, and Pollack's book reviewed in International Security, Vol. 28, No.2.
3025:
2362:
1781:
815:. The brigade also reportedly participated in offensive operations which partially expelled rebels from the Latakia province.
3794:
3742:
3523:
1296:
1036:
620:
type formations. The overall force structure is comparable to a two conventional mechanized infantry divisions, but like the
231:
2222:
2148:
2021:
1438:
1327:
3698:
3693:
3398:
3047:
1081:
641:
621:
2961:
1715:
1561:
3688:
3341:
2732:
2453:
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fighting. In June 2012, the Republican Guard clashed with rebels near its housing compounds and bases in the suburbs of
2404:
1909:
3851:
3623:
3556:
2987:
663:
221:
826:
thus preserving a major supply line to Aleppo. The brigade was reported in January 2018 directing the capture of the
637:
3506:
3273:
3774:
3615:
2829:
563:
236:
2263:
2059:
1575:"Col Nizar Mahmoud, commander of the 800th Battalion #Republican_Guard died either in #Hama or #Abu_Dhuhur #Idlib"
3856:
2855:
2537:
3683:
3655:
3535:
Some vehicles of the Air Force Intelligence's Special Operations Department used by the Tiger Forces: GAZ-39371
3219:
3159:"Military commander of Syria's Deir al-Zour operation killed in mine explosion – Xinhua | English.news.cn"
1439:"Brigadier General Hussein Smia (from Kilmakho, #Qardaha_District) as chief of staff of the #Republican_Guard"
3250:
1288:
1035:. Some T-55s are upgraded with locally developed Viper thermal imager. All tanks are upgraded with soft-kill
3662:
823:
819:
860:
front which has been an opposition stronghold for years, reportedly containing 25,000 opposition fighters.
1743:
1635:
1086:
812:
501:
2784:
2699:"Large Convoy of Republican Guard Reinforcements Arrive in Deir Ezzor; General Zahreddine Among the Men"
990:
882:
719:
317:
2242:"Hellcannon of the 1st Company of the Republican Guard's 30th Division, 47th Regiment, 63rd Battalion"
3372:
3300:
3048:"Russian ground troops destroyed rebels in Aleppo as Syrian Army retakes vital fortification / Video"
1060:
2171:
1452:
3628:
785:
543:
531:
528:
129:
2563:
917:
The Republican Guard uniform is distinct from the regular Army uniform. Service dress consists of
554:
as well as the major presidential and strategic institutions, including the presidential palaces.
2399:
878:
856:
105th Brigade was largely employed in Damascus and the surrounding areas, mainly focusing on the
800:
571:
567:
551:
97:
3425:
409:
3166:
2430:
2083:"The Syrian Armed Forces Seven Years into the Conflict: From a Regular Army to Volunteer Corps"
3507:"Sighting of Russian BTR-82A IFV leaves no doubt that Russia is throwing equipment into Syria"
3320:
2754:
2677:
2342:
1980:
1814:
843:
50:
1838:
985:, who is in the Republican Guard as a Commander and also is the brother of current President
3648:
2654:"One of Assad's closest generals is killed outside the Syrian city he helped free from ISIS"
1384:"Highly decorated general to replace Zahreddine as leader of Republican Guard in Deir Ezzor"
1091:
1076:
867:
781:
617:
613:
547:
516:
395:
386:
373:
369:
186:
172:
125:
115:
1810:
1257:
624:, the Republican Guard is outfitted with better equipment and maintained at full strength.
2623:"Distinguished Syrian Army brigade leads south Aleppo offensive against Islamist militias"
2591:"Government supply line to Aleppo utterly cut due to blitz offensive by ISIS - Map update"
1005:
997:
986:
902:
692:
678:
rocket launchers, is able to repel any attack by enemy forces in the city and its suburbs)
591:
492:
3073:
2785:"Syrian army, allies reach airbase besieged by Islamic State in eastern Syria: commander"
2595:
2485:
2117:
2025:
1535:
982:
906:
886:
769:
595:
578:
574:
362:
17:
922:'القوات الخاصة – "Commandos" patch, but are only rarely seen wearing their red beret.
3840:
3130:"Combat footage: Syrian Army reinstates siege of Al-Qaboun district in east Damascus"
3104:"VIDEO: Islamist rebels foil Syrian Army assault on besieged suburb in east Damascus"
1289:"The Assad Regime, From Counterinsurgency to Civil War Middle East Security Report 8"
1056:
1009:
1001:
952:
918:
827:
196:
157:
3461:
3017:
3757:
3296:
2009:الحرس الجمهوري".. تشكيلات جديدة لتعزيز حماية الأسد منها "اقتحام نسائى" (صور وأسماء)
1769:
831:
671:
667:
587:
139:
2008:
1804:
956:
944:
3450:"Syrians continue to equip old tanks with thermal imagers" topwar, june 14th 2018
3368:
2804:"Breaking: Elite Syrian Army force leaves Deir Ezzor for east Damascus offensive"
1185:"Syrian rebel leader to Haaretz: Assad's opposition will secure chemical weapons"
3641:
3634:
645:
607:
583:
520:
1922:"Troublesome allies: How the Syrian regime is reintegrating loyalist militias"
1707:
975:
675:
3822:
3809:
3297:"@IvanSidorenko1 The legacy of Issam Zahreddine. RIP https://t.co/GBTRkpeTDE"
2395:"Appendix 1: Structure and Command of Armed Forces and Intelligence Agencies"
2394:
2339:
From Insurgents to Soldiers: The Fifth Assault Corps in Daraa, Southern Syria
2197:"Republican Guard brigade to join Tiger Forces offensive on Sukhnah: reports"
947:
rifle is also used with a folding stock which makes it the AKMS variant. The
2367:
1028:
937:
3189:"Senior-level Syrian Army official killed in battle | JerusalemOnline"
2114:"New Syrian Arab Army Division established in preparation of new offensive"
978:
3721:
National Security Bureau of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
2936:"VIDEO: Syrian Army smashes militant-held Damascus district with missiles"
2910:"Syrian command announces new leader of Republican Guard in east Damascus"
1504:"New UK sanctions targeting Assad regime for repressing the Syrian people"
542:, from any foreign or domestic threats. The Republican Guard was the only
1683:"Return to the northeast: Syrian Army deployments against Turkish forces"
793:
685:
539:
161:
3215:"The Latest: White House sees new phase in Syria after Raqqa – ABC News"
2223:"The Lion and The Eagle: The Syrian Arab Army's Destruction and Rebirth"
2145:"The Lion and The Eagle: The Syrian Arab Army's Destruction and Rebirth"
1047:. Since 2015, Russia is upgrading SRG with the most modern APCs such as
3769:
3761:
3462:"Home Grown Syrian Soft Kill System Successfully Defeated TOW Missiles"
3384:
3312:
2481:"Republican Guard Arrives in Al-Hasakah City to Forestall ISIS Advance"
2051:
1052:
818:
The 124th brigade reportedly participated in the successful defense of
789:
784:, the Republican Guard kept out of the conflict, with only the regular
594:
was a Colonel, and was given control of a brigade. His younger brother
3524:
Syrian Republican Guard Brigade 105 with Tigr (Tiger) armored vehicle.
2312:"Quwat Dir' Al-Amn Al-Askari: A Latakia Military Intelligence Militia"
1668:"Exclusive: Over 900 Syrian Marines join elite military shield forces"
2341:. Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria. European University Institute.
1048:
960:
857:
2883:"Rif Dimashq: The Republican Guard Destroys Another Tunnel in Jobar"
3606:
3601:
1044:
1040:
971:
964:
948:
910:
535:
524:
80:
2287:"Assad's Lionesses: the female last line in the battle for Syria"
1412:
981:
pistol has also been seen in use with the Guard and in holsters.
3560:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1016:
871:
870:, a Major General leading the Syrian government's fight against
3572:
1531:"Syrian military names new commander of elite Republican Guard"
1258:"Сколько людей и оружия по обе линии сирийского противостояния"
877:
In March 2021, its commander since January 2021, Major General
822:, before the evacuation of the airport. The brigade reportedly
413:
941:
970:
Members of the Republican Guard have also been seen with the
2988:"Russian Experts: The Kremlin Must Tame Damascus And Tehran"
2729:"Deir Ezzor: Syrian Army Asserts Control Over the Mountains"
2652:
EDT, Tom O'Connor On 10/18/17 at 2:00 PM (18 October 2017).
1471:"Top Syrian general killed by Isil landmine near Deir Ezzor"
913:
during a ceremonial reception in Damascus, 27 November 2010.
951:
and the AKS-74U Carbine is used along with the more modern
590:
have served in the Republican Guard. The current president
2513:"Syrian rebels make new push on Assad's Alawite heartland"
2264:"Arab armies turn to women: An illusion or a new reality?"
527:
size with around 60,000 guardsmen. It is composed of two
2022:"Four high-ranking jihadist commanders killed in Aleppo"
1839:"Bashar's Syria: The Regime and its Strategic Worldview"
608:
Syrian Army § Units reporting to the Chief of Staff
272:
Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)
3426:"La última carta de Issam Zahreddine – 14 Milímetros"
3274:"Syria's Republican Guard: Growth and fragmentation"
1744:"Syria's Republican Guard: growth and fragmentation"
1636:"Syria's Republican Guard: growth and fragmentation"
644:
an article on the current military situation of the
506:
3756:
3711:
3674:
3614:
2962:"Complete Battle Map of Syria: October 2015 Update"
2427:"Urban warfare: In Aleppo, battles for city blocks"
1872:"Syrian army prepares for post-conflict challenges"
1464:
1462:
1328:"Government Troops Advance in Syria's Largest City"
1219:"Syrian Army Prepares For Post-Conflict Challenges"
430:
420:
355:
329:
316:
308:
300:
292:
287:
179:
167:
153:
145:
135:
121:
103:
86:
68:
60:
34:
2363:"Activists: Syrian rebels clash with elite troops"
277:Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–present)
3867:Military units and formations established in 1976
3505:Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (24 August 2015).
3249:Stijn Mitzer, Joost Oliemans (28 February 2017).
1386:. Al-Masdar News. 22 October 2017. Archived from
2830:"Complete battlefield update, map of Syrian War"
534:with its main purpose to protect the capital of
267:Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)
247:Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)
3877:Pro-government factions of the Syrian civil war
2791:. 9 September 2017 – via www.reuters.com.
242:Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)
2538:"Syrian Army's progress in Latakia since 2013"
1910:Syria - The Special Forces and the Elite Units
1498:
1496:
1407:
1405:
881:(formerly commander of the Republican Guard's
3872:Military units and formations of the Cold War
3584:
2856:"Fortress T4: An Airbase at War – bellingcat"
1015:Armored units of the Guard are equipped with
993:pistol in his holster while visiting troops.
415:Syrian Republican Guard Forces (October 2017)
8:
3550:Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness 1948–91
3153:
3151:
2731:. Al-Masdar. 5 December 2014. Archived from
1413:"EU sanctions Assad, senior Syrian officers"
796:, about 8 kilometers from central Damascus.
598:was also a Colonel in the Republican Guard.
262:Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)
40:
3399:"Maher al-Assad Visits Frontlines in Idleb"
3325:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2682:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1252:
1250:
776:Operational history in the Syrian Civil War
546:unit allowed within the capital before the
257:Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)
3591:
3577:
3569:
410:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1737:
1735:
1733:
840:deployed to Deir ez-Zor before early 2014
55:Republican Guard shoulder sleeve insignia
3342:"From Russia with Love, Syria's AK-74Ms"
3251:"Photo Report: The Syrian Arab Army (2)"
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1212:
1210:
896:
662:100th Artillery Regiment (equipped with
3244:
3242:
2147:. Middle East Institute. Archived from
1949:
1947:
1905:
1903:
1176:
1103:
974:handgun which is in their holster. The
834:from the north (front of south Aleppo)
820:IS attacks on the Tabqa airbase in 2014
562:The Guard was formed in 1976 after the
3847:Military units and formations of Syria
3565:, Vol. 3, No. 8, August/September 2001
3432:from the original on 27 September 2020
3318:
2675:
2375:from the original on 14 September 2014
1985:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1978:
1012:is also used by the Republican Guard.
824:defended the Ithriya-Khanasser highway
227:Rif Dimashq offensive (September 2015)
31:
3791:Syria and weapons of mass destruction
3486:from the original on 19 February 2017
3401:. The Syrian Observer. 21 June 2019.
2908:Aboufadel, Leith (16 November 2017).
2889:from the original on 22 February 2020
2881:Aboufadel, Leith (26 December 2014).
2203:from the original on 25 December 2018
2112:Paul Antonopoulos (22 January 2017).
2062:from the original on 25 December 2018
2032:from the original on 16 February 2017
1967:from the original on 25 November 2018
1888:from the original on 31 December 2017
1770:"Syria's Praetorian Guards: A Primer"
1543:from the original on 29 December 2018
1481:from the original on 20 December 2017
1235:from the original on 31 December 2017
217:Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)
7:
3348:from the original on 6 February 2019
3028:from the original on 11 October 2017
2998:from the original on 28 January 2018
2765:from the original on 4 February 2017
2633:from the original on 19 January 2018
2570:from the original on 6 December 2021
2407:from the original on 22 October 2014
2318:from the original on 19 October 2017
2124:from the original on 2 February 2017
1932:from the original on 9 November 2020
1648:from the original on 13 January 2021
1529:Leith Aboufadel (28 December 2018).
1307:from the original on 4 November 2019
1195:from the original on 7 December 2017
932:List of equipment of the Syrian Army
443:102nd Regiment (Presidential Guards)
3272:Gregory Waters (11 December 2018).
2810:from the original on 8 January 2018
2802:Aboufadel, Leith (7 January 2018).
1742:Gregory Waters (11 December 2018).
1681:Gregory Waters (20 November 2019).
766:Popular Security and Support Forces
496:
41:
3726:Air Force Intelligence Directorate
3136:from the original on 10 April 2017
3084:from the original on 10 April 2017
3054:from the original on 10 April 2017
3018:"November 2015 Briefs – Jamestown"
2968:from the original on 10 April 2017
2942:from the original on 10 April 2017
2862:from the original on 11 April 2017
2836:from the original on 10 April 2017
2755:"Two years of siege in Deir Ezzor"
2664:from the original on 5 August 2019
2627:AMN – Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز
2544:from the original on 10 April 2017
2429:. 6 September 2012. Archived from
2371:. Associated Press. 26 June 2012.
2285:Loveday Morris (22 January 2013).
1357:Gregory Waters (31 October 2023).
636:In the last days of October 2017,
25:
3748:Military Intelligence Directorate
3424:Laura Lavinia (18 October 2018).
3405:from the original on 29 June 2019
3110:from the original on 2 April 2019
2589:Chris Tomson (23 February 2016).
2493:from the original on 5 March 2016
2172:"Current Syrian Army Deployments"
2093:from the original on 5 April 2020
1851:from the original on 23 July 2011
1774:Middle East Intelligence Bulletin
1338:from the original on 11 July 2014
1268:from the original on 31 July 2016
383:Maj. Gen. Shoaeb Suleiman<br /
296:Maj. Gen. Ghassan Iskandar Tarraf
149:25,000 or 60,000 guardsmen (2017)
3731:General Intelligence Directorate
3600:
2916:from the original on 4 June 2019
2452:Haroon Siddique (17 July 2012).
2266:. The New Arab. 17 November 2021
2020:Leith Fadel (23 November 2016).
1784:from the original on 4 July 2012
1718:from the original on 20 May 2020
1599:Gregory Waters (12 April 2024).
1489:– via www.telegraph.co.uk.
1469:Ensor, Josie (18 October 2017).
967:Grenade Launcher in some cases.
212:Siege of Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)
192:Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign
171:
108:
91:
73:
49:
27:Elite branch of Syria's military
3780:Military Security Shield Forces
3557:"The Syrian Military: A Primer"
2337:Al-Jabassini, Abdullah (2019).
2240:Gregory Waters (29 June 2022).
2143:Gregory Waters (18 July 2019).
1287:Holliday, Joseph (March 2013).
657:Syrian Republican Guard (2021)
550:. It is designed to defend the
508:al-Ḥaras as-Sūrīyah al-Jumhūrīy
202:Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)
3743:Political Security Directorate
2170:Gregory Waters (12 May 2020).
2052:"Syria's Troublesome Militias"
1809:. Human Rights Watch. p.
1573:Gregory Waters (15 May 2019).
1297:Institute for the Study of War
1037:Sarab Active Protection System
425:Syrian Republican Guard Forces
232:Palmyra offensive (March 2016)
1:
3699:Syrian Special Mission Forces
3694:Syrian Public Security Police
3460:Eshel, Tamir (1 March 2017).
955:which both are chambered for
799:The unit has been accused by
747:147th Special Forces Regiment
570:, to protect the then Syrian
252:Battle of Harasta (2017–2018)
3882:1976 establishments in Syria
744:93rd Special Forces Regiment
741:47th Special Forces Regiment
735:124th Special Forces Brigade
732:123rd Special Forces Brigade
207:Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)
3050:. Masdar News. 4 May 2016.
2056:Carnegie Middle East Center
1039:. Main IFVs of the SRG are
664:122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)
507:
385:Brig. Gen. Ali Khuzam
222:Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)
3898:
3367:Serge (25 October 2014).
2564:"Facebook में लॉग इन करें"
929:
830:and the Offensive towards
642:Jane's Intelligence Review
605:
564:Syrian invasion of Lebanon
338:Brig. Gen. Mundir Ibrahim
237:East Hama offensive (2017)
3862:Protective security units
3788:
3340:Oryx (19 February 2015).
3295:ALN54DZ (30 June 2018).
713:152nd Mechanized Regiment
710:151th Mechanized Regiment
523:, and is reportedly at a
515:, is an elite 25,000 man
48:
39:
3684:Law enforcement in Syria
3656:Syrian Air Defense Force
901:Syrian Republican Guard
885:) was sanctioned by the
780:At the beginning of the
738:135th Mechanized Brigade
729:106th Mechanized Brigade
701:107th Artillery Regiment
698:105th Mechanized Brigade
638:Jane's Information Group
394:Col. Nizar Mahmoud
366:Maj. Gen. Talal Makhlouf
325:Maj. Gen. Mohamad Saftly
304:Brig. Gen. Mohamed Qasem
3663:National Defence Forces
3276:. Middle East Institute
2454:"Guardian live updates"
1749:. Middle East Institute
1708:"Internal Server Error"
1453:"TALAL SHAFIQ MAKHLOUF"
940:rifle. The Soviet made
485:Syrian Republican Guard
333:Brig. Gen. Kamal Itiya
312:Brig. Gen. Hussein Smia
35:Syrian Republican Guard
18:Syrian Republican Guard
2566:. Hi-in.facebook.com.
1087:List of commando units
914:
813:2013 Latakia offensive
726:102nd Commando Brigade
707:109th Armored Regiment
704:108th Armored Regiment
632:Order of Battle (2021)
348:Brig. Gen. Aqil Jumaa
168:Tactical color marking
3736:Internal Branch - 251
2227:Middle East Institute
1844:. pp. 379, 384.
1806:Human rights in Syria
1687:Middle East Institute
1082:4th Armoured Division
991:Springfield Armory XD
900:
866:On October 18, 2017,
756:Other special units:
612:At the outset of the
606:Further information:
511:), also known as the
497:الحرس الجمهوري السوري
449:104th Airbone Brigade
381:Maj. Gen. Malik Aliaa
42:الحرس الجمهوري السوري
3689:Ministry of Interior
3548:Kenneth M. Pollack,
3428:. 14milimetros.com.
2709:on 13 September 2014
2403:. 15 December 2011.
2314:. 3 September 2016.
2176:International Review
1803:Paul, James (1990).
1768:MEIB (August 2000).
1061:BMPT-72 Terminator 2
893:Uniform and insignia
806:Battle of Al-Hasakah
761:Lionesses of Defense
622:4th Armored Division
3823:33.5492°N 36.2587°E
3819: /
3629:Syrian Armed Forces
3624:Ministry of Defense
3169:on 22 November 2017
2832:. 13 January 2017.
2629:. 19 January 2018.
2540:. 26 October 2016.
2433:on 6 September 2012
1837:Shmuel Bar (2006).
1670:. 23 February 2017.
1164:(dissolved in 2017)
1155:(dissolved in 2019)
919:woodland camouflage
786:Syrian Armed Forces
130:Mechanized infantry
3852:Divisions of Syria
3775:Popular Committees
3227:on 19 October 2017
3195:on 22 January 2018
2964:. 8 October 2015.
2759:en.deirezzor24.net
2735:on 9 December 2014
2400:Human Rights Watch
1031:) and more modern
915:
801:Human Rights Watch
750:Artillery Regiment
568:Lebanese Civil War
513:Presidential Guard
330:Brigade Commanders
98:President of Syria
3802:
3801:
3555:Richard Bennett,
3163:www.xinhuanet.com
3132:. 20 March 2017.
2348:978-92-9084-767-0
2087:russiancouncil.ru
2081:Semenov, Kirill.
1825:republican guard.
1146:(created in 2021)
1137:(created in 2021)
1128:(created in 2021)
1119:(created in 2021)
1110:(created in 2021)
989:, is seen with a
844:Russian Air Force
640:published in its
505:
480:
479:
405:
404:
343:Col. Assad Omran
16:(Redirected from
3889:
3857:Guards regiments
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3828:33.5492; 36.2587
3824:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3649:Syrian Air Force
3644:
3637:
3605:
3604:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3570:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3382:
3380:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3324:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3246:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3223:. Archived from
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3191:. Archived from
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3165:. Archived from
3155:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3106:. 3 April 2017.
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2938:. 2 April 2017.
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2858:. 29 June 2015.
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2705:. Archived from
2694:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2599:. Archived from
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
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2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
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2391:
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2359:
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2328:
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2325:
2323:
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2301:
2299:
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2282:
2276:
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2273:
2271:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2017:
2011:
2006:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1966:
1959:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1918:
1912:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1887:
1876:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1843:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1748:
1739:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1640:
1634:Gregory Waters.
1631:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1570:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1500:
1491:
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1486:
1466:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1306:
1293:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1234:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1181:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1092:Republican guard
1077:Issam Zahreddine
1065:GAZ-39371 Vodnik
868:Issam Zahreddine
782:Syrian civil war
646:Syrian Arab Army
618:Republican guard
614:Syrian civil war
577:. Major General
517:praetorian guard
510:
500:
498:
411:
400:
391:
378:
370:Issam Zahreddine
351:
346:
341:
336:
301:Deputy Commander
187:Syrian Civil War
175:
126:Praetorian Guard
116:Syrian Arab Army
114:
112:
111:
96:
95:
94:
79:
77:
76:
53:
44:
43:
32:
21:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3837:
3836:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3798:
3784:
3752:
3707:
3676:Law enforcement
3670:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3610:
3609:security forces
3599:
3597:
3545:
3543:Further reading
3540:
3533:
3529:
3522:
3518:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3489:
3487:
3480:"Defense Watch"
3478:
3477:
3473:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3435:
3433:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3378:
3376:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3351:
3349:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3317:
3306:
3304:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3240:
3230:
3228:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3172:
3170:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3113:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3087:
3085:
3078:en.farsnews.com
3072:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3055:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3029:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2945:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2890:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2674:
2667:
2665:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2603:on 2 March 2016
2588:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2519:
2517:Washington Post
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2436:
2434:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2319:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2291:The Independent
2284:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2199:. 7 July 2017.
2195:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2151:on 21 July 2019
2142:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2007:
1994:
1977:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1955:"Archived copy"
1953:
1952:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1926:Middle East Eye
1920:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1510:. 15 March 2021
1502:
1501:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1393:
1391:
1390:on 1 April 2019
1382:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1341:
1339:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1191:. 28 May 2012.
1183:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1073:
1006:PKM machine gun
998:NSV machine gun
987:Bashar al-Assad
934:
928:
895:
778:
763:Armored Brigade
674:howitzers and
634:
610:
604:
592:Bashar al-Assad
560:
544:Syrian military
481:
476:
426:
416:
408:
396:
393:
387:
384:
382:
380:
374:
367:
365:
357:
350:(106th Brigade)
349:
347:
345:(104th Brigade)
344:
342:
340:(103th Brigade)
339:
337:
335:(101th Brigade)
334:
283:
128:
109:
107:
92:
90:
74:
72:
56:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3895:
3893:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3839:
3838:
3800:
3799:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3766:
3764:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3686:
3680:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3553:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3527:
3516:
3497:
3471:
3466:Defense Update
3452:
3443:
3416:
3390:
3359:
3344:. bellingcat.
3332:
3287:
3264:
3238:
3206:
3180:
3147:
3121:
3095:
3065:
3039:
3009:
2979:
2953:
2927:
2900:
2873:
2847:
2821:
2794:
2776:
2746:
2720:
2703:Al-Masdar News
2689:
2644:
2614:
2596:Al-Masdar News
2581:
2555:
2529:
2504:
2486:Al-Masdar News
2471:
2444:
2418:
2386:
2354:
2347:
2329:
2303:
2277:
2255:
2232:
2214:
2188:
2162:
2135:
2118:Al-Masdar News
2104:
2073:
2043:
2026:Al-Masdar News
2012:
1992:
1943:
1913:
1899:
1862:
1829:
1819:
1795:
1760:
1729:
1699:
1673:
1659:
1617:
1591:
1565:
1554:
1536:al-Masdar News
1521:
1492:
1458:
1444:
1430:
1419:. 9 March 2023
1401:
1375:
1349:
1318:
1279:
1246:
1206:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1000:chambered for
983:Maher al-Assad
930:Main article:
927:
924:
907:Pratibha Patil
894:
891:
887:United Kingdom
777:
774:
773:
772:
770:Syrian Marines
767:
764:
754:
753:
752:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
717:
716:800th Regiment
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
689:
682:
679:
659:
658:
633:
630:
603:
600:
579:Adnan Makhlouf
575:Hafez al-Assad
559:
556:
478:
477:
475:
474:
471:
470:416th Regiment
468:
467:83rd Battalion
465:
464:80th Battalion
462:
461:800th Regiment
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
434:
432:
428:
427:
424:
422:
418:
417:
414:
406:
403:
402:
363:Adnan Makhlouf
359:
353:
352:
331:
327:
326:
323:
314:
313:
310:
309:Chief of Staff
306:
305:
302:
298:
297:
294:
290:
289:
285:
284:
282:
281:
280:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
183:
181:
177:
176:
169:
165:
164:
155:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
123:
119:
118:
105:
101:
100:
88:
84:
83:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3894:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
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1054:
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718:
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472:
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458:124th Brigade
457:
455:106th Brigade
454:
452:105th Brigade
451:
448:
446:103rd Brigade
445:
442:
440:102nd Brigade
439:
437:101st Brigade
436:
435:
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407:Military unit
401:
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392:
390:
379:
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371:
364:
360:
354:
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324:
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319:30th Division
315:
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299:
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197:Siege of Homs
195:
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185:
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159:
158:Mount Qasioun
156:
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3758:Paramilitary
3713:Intelligence
3559:
3549:
3530:
3519:
3510:
3500:
3488:. Retrieved
3474:
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3419:
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3393:
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3335:
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3305:. Retrieved
3290:
3278:. Retrieved
3267:
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3229:. Retrieved
3225:the original
3218:
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3193:the original
3183:
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3167:the original
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3124:
3112:. Retrieved
3098:
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3042:
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2982:
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2956:
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2930:
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2903:
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2864:. Retrieved
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2824:
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2797:
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2626:
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2532:
2520:. Retrieved
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2457:
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2015:
1969:. Retrieved
1934:. Retrieved
1925:
1916:
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1388:the original
1378:
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1362:
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1331:
1321:
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1295:
1282:
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1261:
1237:. Retrieved
1225:
1217:Tim Ripley.
1197:. Retrieved
1188:
1179:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1106:
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810:
798:
779:
760:
755:
720:
672:2S3 Akatsiya
668:2S1 Gvozdika
651:
635:
626:
611:
588:Assad family
561:
519:unit in the
512:
488:
484:
482:
397:
388:
375:
318:
140:Shock troops
64:1976–present
29:
3826: /
3642:Syrian Navy
3635:Syrian Army
3490:18 February
3379:31 December
3307:31 December
3253:. Oryx Blog
2607:24 February
2322:25 February
2270:26 November
2207:24 December
2066:24 December
1971:24 December
1692:20 November
1652:24 December
1584:28 February
1547:28 December
1368:30 December
879:Malik Aliaa
858:East Ghouta
653:regiments:
584:Syrian Army
521:Syrian Army
421:Parent unit
180:Engagements
154:Garrison/HQ
3841:Categories
3814:36°15′31″E
3811:33°32′57″N
3436:6 December
3409:6 December
3352:6 December
3257:1 December
3231:19 October
3199:18 October
3074:"Farsnews"
3002:27 January
2920:27 January
2739:5 December
2713:3 November
2637:19 January
2574:6 December
2522:24 October
2464:25 October
2437:6 December
2411:4 December
2181:17 October
2155:19 October
1892:19 January
1753:29 January
1394:22 October
1342:5 November
1326:ABC News.
1239:19 January
1172:References
1010:7.62×54mmR
1002:12.7×108mm
976:Makarov PM
676:BM-21 Grad
529:mechanized
431:Components
368:Maj. Gen.
361:Maj. Gen.
358:commanders
288:Commanders
87:Allegiance
3280:8 October
2814:7 January
2368:USA Today
2244:. Twitter
1879:janes.com
1712:Janes.com
1423:8 October
1417:NPA Syria
1262:Газета.Ru
1226:Janes.com
1029:T-72 Adra
957:5.45×39mm
945:7.62×39mm
905:welcomes
832:Abu-Duhur
602:Structure
572:president
552:President
548:civil war
532:divisions
502:romanized
322:Commander
293:Commander
3795:Chemical
3616:Military
3563:Bulletin
3484:Archived
3430:Archived
3403:Archived
3346:Archived
3321:cite web
3220:ABC News
3134:Archived
3108:Archived
3082:Archived
3052:Archived
3026:Archived
2996:Archived
2966:Archived
2940:Archived
2914:Archived
2887:Archived
2860:Archived
2834:Archived
2808:Archived
2763:Archived
2678:cite web
2668:5 August
2662:Archived
2658:Newsweek
2631:Archived
2568:Archived
2542:Archived
2497:3 August
2491:Archived
2460:. London
2405:Archived
2373:Archived
2316:Archived
2201:Archived
2122:Archived
2091:Archived
2060:Archived
2030:Archived
1981:cite web
1962:Archived
1930:Archived
1883:Archived
1846:Archived
1782:Archived
1716:Archived
1643:Archived
1610:14 April
1541:Archived
1479:Archived
1336:Archived
1332:ABC News
1302:Archived
1266:Archived
1230:Archived
1199:2 August
1193:Archived
1071:See also
794:al-Hamah
693:Airborne
686:Commando
540:Damascus
162:Damascus
3770:Shabiha
3762:militia
3385:Twitter
3313:Twitter
3140:9 April
3114:9 April
3088:9 April
3058:9 April
3032:9 April
2972:9 April
2946:9 April
2866:9 April
2840:9 April
2789:Reuters
2769:9 April
2548:9 April
2248:3 March
2128:2 March
2036:2 March
1855:23 June
1788:20 July
1605:Twitter
1579:Twitter
1485:5 April
1363:Twitter
1189:Haaretz
1067:, etc.
1053:BTR-82A
926:Weapons
790:Qudsaya
695:Brigade
688:Brigade
558:History
504::
398:†
389:†
376:†
356:Notable
69:Country
3607:Syrian
3173:20 May
2893:20 May
2345:
2097:20 May
1936:20 May
1817:
1722:20 May
1508:GOV.UK
1311:7 July
1272:20 May
1049:BTR-80
979:9×18mm
961:AK-74M
959:. The
691:104th
684:103rd
493:Arabic
372:
113:
104:Branch
78:
61:Active
3373:Tweet
3301:Tweet
2992:MEMRI
2379:6 May
1965:(PDF)
1958:(PDF)
1886:(PDF)
1875:(PDF)
1849:(PDF)
1842:(PDF)
1780:(7).
1747:(PDF)
1646:(PDF)
1639:(PDF)
1305:(PDF)
1292:(PDF)
1233:(PDF)
1222:(PDF)
1098:Notes
1045:BMP-2
1041:BMP-1
1033:T-90s
972:Glock
965:GP-25
949:AK-74
911:India
596:Maher
536:Syria
525:corps
81:Syria
3561:MEIB
3511:Oryx
3492:2017
3438:2021
3411:2021
3381:2020
3354:2021
3327:link
3309:2020
3282:2023
3259:2023
3233:2017
3201:2017
3175:2020
3142:2017
3116:2017
3090:2017
3060:2017
3034:2017
3004:2018
2974:2017
2948:2017
2922:2018
2895:2020
2868:2017
2842:2017
2816:2018
2771:2017
2741:2014
2715:2014
2684:link
2670:2019
2639:2018
2609:2016
2576:2021
2550:2017
2524:2014
2499:2015
2466:2014
2439:2021
2413:2016
2381:2013
2343:ISBN
2324:2018
2298:2023
2272:2023
2250:2024
2209:2018
2183:2023
2157:2019
2130:2017
2099:2020
2068:2018
2038:2017
1987:link
1973:2018
1938:2020
1894:2018
1857:2011
1815:ISBN
1790:2011
1755:2019
1724:2020
1694:2023
1654:2018
1612:2024
1586:2024
1549:2018
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1487:2018
1425:2023
1396:2017
1370:2023
1344:2014
1313:2014
1274:2016
1241:2018
1201:2012
1063:and
1043:and
1025:T-72
1021:T-62
1017:T-55
996:The
938:M-16
872:ISIL
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