1757:
1654:
1781:
worn camouflage uniforms. Air force officers had two uniforms for each season: a khaki and a light gray for summer and a dark blue and a light gray in winter. Naval officers wore white in summer and navy blue in winter while lower ranks wear the traditional bell bottoms and white blouse. The uniform for naval chief petty officers was a buttoned jacket, similar to that worn by
American chief petty officers. Officers had a variety of headgear, including a service cap, garrison cap, and beret (linen in summer and wool in winter). The color of the beret varied by season and according to the officer's unit.
248:
1048:, human rights groups say that the majority of abuses have been committed by the Syrian government's forces, and UN investigations have concluded that the government's abuses are the greatest in both gravity and scale. The branches of the Syrian Armed Forces that have committed war crimes include at least the Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Air Force and the Syrian Military Intelligence. However the Syrian authorities deny these accusations and claim that irregular armed groups with foreign support are behind the atrocities, including Al Qaeda linked Insurgents.
226:
396:
1816:
standard, although the highest is the equivalent of lieutenant general, a rank held in 1986 only by the commander in chief and the minister of defence. Navy officer rank insignia were gold stripes worn on the lower sleeve. The highest-ranking officer in Syria's navy is the equivalent of lieutenant general. Army and air force rank for warrant officers were indicated by gold stars on an olive green shield worn on the upper left arm. Lower noncommissioned ranks were indicated by upright and inverted chevrons worn on the upper left arm.
1553:, the Air Defence Command, within the Army Command but also composed of Air Force personnel, numbered approximately 60,000. In 1987 units included 20 air defense brigades (with approximately 95 SAM batteries) and two air defense regiments. The Air Defence Command had command access to interceptor aircraft and radar facilities. Air defenses included SA-5 long-range SAM batteries around Damascus and Aleppo, with additional SA-6 and SA-8 mobile SAM units deployed along Syria's side of the Lebanese border and in eastern Lebanon.
61:
1253:
retention system for those in compulsory service (conscript retention into service after the specified period has passed) and enacted new regulations, with citizens who have completed mandatory conscription being called up for reserve duty. By 2020, with the Syrian government regaining control over a large portion of Syrian territory, the
General Staff of the Army and Armed Forces issued several demobilization decisions from service (retention and reserve) in batches.
1345:
1181:
73:
712:. By the end of 1945 the army numbered about 5,000 and the gendarmerie some 3,500. In April 1946 the last French officers were forced to leave Syria due to sustained resistance offensives; the Levantine Forces then became the regular armed forces of the newly independent state and grew rapidly to about 12,000 by the time of the 1948 Arab−Israeli War, the first of four Arab−Israeli wars involving Syria between 1948 and 1986.
759:—two military camps—seize control of the 70th Armored Brigade at al-Kiswah, the Military Academy in the city of Homs and the Damascus radio station. While the conspirators of the Military Committee were all young, their aim was not out of reach; the sitting regime had been slowly disintegrating and the traditional elite had lost effective political power over the country. A small group of military officers, including
420:
988:
456:
504:
384:
5652:
492:
372:
360:
5040:
202:
480:
468:
432:
408:
444:
1272:, where males are called (exclusively) to serve in the army when they reach the age of eighteen and until they reach the age of forty-two, but they are exempted from service as long as they are single to their mothers, or do not have another brother capable of taking care of their parents or have an obstacle, a health condition prevents them from performing the service.
1694:
4357:
1859:
880:(1975–90). Eventually the Syrians brought most of the nation under their control as part of a power struggle with Israel, which had occupied areas of southern Lebanon in 1978. In 1985, Israel began to withdraw from Lebanon, as a result of domestic opposition in Israel and international pressure. In the aftermath of this withdrawal, the
1368:(SAA) was the dominant military service, and as such controlled the senior-most posts in the armed forces and had the most manpower, approximately 80% of the combined services. In 1987 Joshua Sinai wrote that the major development in structural organization was the establishment of an additional divisional framework based on the
631:, reaching between 178,000 and 220,000 soldiers in the army, in addition to 80,000 to 100,000 irregular forces. By 2023, the number of active soldiers in the Syrian military increased to 170,000. Also in 2023, the number of active paramilitary and reserve forces in the Syrian military may have decreased by as much as 50,000.
1218:, the Syrian military consists of air, ground and naval forces. Active personnel were estimated as 295,000 in 2011, with an additional 314,000 reserves. Paramilitary forces were estimated at 108,000 in 2011. Estimates of the declining size of the armed forces over time include 141,400 as of June 2019.
917:
against Iraq. The 9th
Armored Division served as the Arab Joint Forces Command North reserve and saw little action. Syria's force numbered ~20,000 in strength (the sixth-largest contingent) and its involvement was justified domestically as an effort to defend Saudi Arabia. Syria's initial involvement
1780:
style, although army combat clothing followed the older
British model. Each uniform had two coats: a long one for dress and a short jacket for informal wear. Army officer uniforms were khaki in summer, olive in winter. Certain Army and Air Defense personnel (i.e., commandos and paratroops) may have
1529:
was established following the procurement of a few naval craft from France. The initial personnel consisted of soldiers who had been sent to French academies of naval training. In 1985 the Navy consisted of approximately 4,000 regular and 2,500 reserve officers and men. The navy is under the army's
1534:
missile boats), three old submarines, two submarine chasers, four mine warfare vessels, eight gunboats, six patrol craft, four missile corvettes (on order), three landing craft (on order), one torpedo recovery vessel and, as part of its coastal defense system, Sepal shore-based, anti-ship missiles
995:
Because of the violence against the people by the Syrian Army and the detention of a great number of people, some soldiers from different religions and sects (Sunni, Shia, Druze and
Christian) defected in protest at orders to kill protesters in April 2011. By 2014, the number of defecting officers
888:
continued until they themselves were also forced out by widespread public protest and international pressure. About 20,000 Syrian soldiers were deployed in
Lebanon until 27 April 2005, when the last of Syria's troops left the country. Syrian forces have been accused of involvement in the murder of
1815:
In 1987, according to a
Library of Congress Country Study on Syria, the rank insignia of Syrian commissioned officers were identical for both the army and air force. These were gold on a bright green shoulder board for the army and gold on a bright blue board for the air force. Officer ranks were
1252:
Before the start of the Syrian Civil War, the obligatory military service period was being decreased over time. In 2005, it was reduced from two and a half years to two years, in 2008 to 21 months and in 2011 to a year and a half. Since the Syrian Civil War the Syrian government has implemented a
1796:
to soldiers to remain effective in an environment affected by biological or chemical agents. This uniform consisted of a
Russian-made Model ShMS-41 mask similar to those made in the Desert Storm conflict. Previous models of the ShMS used a hose, while the improved "ShmS-41" used a canister-style
1673:
progressed and casualties mounted, more and more positions were opened to women. The
National Defense Force allows female volunteers into its ranks, mainly in securing checkpoints. In 2013, the Republican Guard also formed a female section, an all-female tank battalion of 800 strong, nicknamed
838:
announced intentions to withdraw troops from
Lebanon, extending their stay into the early months of 1979 at the Lebanese governments request. The Libyan troops were essentially abandoned and had to find their own way home (if at all), and the ADF thereby became a purely Syrian force (which did
1801:. It is difficult to assess how well equipped the Syrian Arab Army is. Although hundreds of hours of videos showing dead and captured Syrian soldiers filmed by rebels have been uploaded to social media, none show this equipment having been carried by or issued to frontline soldiers.
3808:"Changes to Syria's special forces this week: Recently appointed Mohamad Saftly moved to command 30th SRG Division. Replaced as head of Special Forces by Suhail Hassan. Suhail replaced as head of 25th Div by former senior Tiger commander, current 30th Div commander Saleh Abdullah"
696:, which had been established by the French during the 1930s. In 1938 the Troupes Spéciales numbered around 10,000 men and 306 officers (of whom 88 were French, mainly in the higher ranks). A majority of the Syrian troops were of rural background and minority ethnic origin, mainly
3730:"Lots of new senior appointments today: Mundhir Ibrahim replaces Ramadan as head of SAA Operations Authority (ex-head of 5th Corps & Idlib Sec Committee). Mohamed Saftly moves from 15th Div to command all Special Forces. Replaced by Suhail Fajr Hassan, fmr 67 Brig commander"
3834:"New appointments in the #Syrian_Army, Major General Hassan Ali Suleiman (from #Safita) was appointed as director of political department. This department was established in 1970 to guide members of armed forces ideologically and to instill in them loyalty toward the regime"
1162:
Charts estimated that the Syrian military had lost 111 warplanes since the beginning of the civil war, including reconnaissance and attack drones. The Syrians lost most of their warplanes during the first four years of the war, with losses significantly decreasing after the
779:
to fill top-tier military positions during the 1963–1965 period on the grounds of being opposed to Arab unity. This measure tipped the balance in favor of Alawite officers who staged a coup in 1966 and for the first time placed Damascus in the hands of the Alawites."
1391:. This reform reflected a broader trend of consolidation within the Army. Part of this included the recruitment and mass integration of reconciled rebels. Since 2018, the Syrian military renewed its fortification and the annual training to prepare for war against
3667:
802:
When Hafez al-Assad came to power in 1971, the army began to modernize and change. In the first 10 years of Assad's rule, the army increased by 162%, and by 264% by 2000. At one point, 70% of the country's GDP went only to the army. At the beginning of the
5158:
4995:
2988:
1713:— long the principal source of training, material, and credit for the Syrian forces – may have slowed Syria's ability to acquire modern military equipment. It has an arsenal of surface-to-surface missiles. In the early 1990s,
1263:
are those who join its ranks voluntarily after they reach eighteen years of age, of all ranks, specializations, and both sexes. They are promoted according to the internal regulations and receive a salary and compensation in
1000:
on 29 July 2011 (interview with Riad Al-Asaad - the founder and leader of the Free Syrian Army), and at the beginning of the conflict they depended on light weapons. The arming of the Free Syrian Army began in mid-2012.
858:, the Lebanese government failed to extend the ADF's mandate, thereby effectively ending its existence, although not the Syrian or Israeli military presence in Lebanon. Eventually the Syrian presence became known as the
687:
to police Syria's vast rural areas. This paramilitary force was used to combat criminals and political foes of the Mandate government. As with the Levantine Special Troops, French officers held the top posts, but as
1502:
branch of the Syrian Armed Forces. It was established in 1948 and saw combat in 1948, 1967, 1973 and in 1982 against Israel. It has seen combat against militant groups on Syrian soil from 2011 to 2012, during the
1143:
reported that the regular army had reduced from 325,000 to 150,000 due to "mortality, desertions and deviations", but that this was supplemented by 60,000 Republican Guards and 50,000 Kurdish militias. In 2015,
3561:
3756:"The new appointments in the #Syrian_Army: Major general Mohsen Mahmoud Abbas as a head of Syrian Artillery and Missile forces. (From Harf al-Musaytirah, is a Syrian village in the #Qardaha_District)"
3354:
1530:
Latakia regional command. The fleet was based in the ports of Latakia, Baniyas, Minat al Bayda and Tartus. Among the 41 vessel fleet were two frigates, 22 missile attack craft (including ten advanced
1472:
was named as commander of the Special Operations Forces (SOF) of the Syrian Army. In July 2024, the first phase of training began to build and form new SOF units in the SAA. The main aim is to create
1222:
By 2023, the number of active soldiers in the Syrian military increased to 170,000. Also in 2023, the number of active paramilitary and reserve forces in the Syrian military decreased up to 50,000.
944:
In recent years Syria has relied on Russian arms purchases to obtain modern weapons. Purchases have included anti-tank and air defense systems. In early September 2008 the Syrian government ordered
2434:
2076:
A Syrian-produced North Korean Type 68 rifle on sale in Yemen. We can notice the Syrian Defense Laboratories logo stamped on it, which we have seen in the past across Syria. (h/t @FighterXwar_ar).
3071:
1380:, but in the 2013 edition, in the midst of the war, the IISS estimated that army strength was 110,000. By the end of 2018, analysts estimated the SAA to have just 100,000 combat-ready troops.
2925:
6975:
1511:
throughout the country. In 2011, Russian sources reported 40,000 personnel in the Air Force, while Reuters reported 100,000. In 2022 the Air Force was reportedly estimated at 15,000 strong.
1155:
switched from traditional Soviet-modeled conventional military forces into a force of smaller groups fighting in close-quarters guerrilla combat with an increasing role for junior officers.
3477:
2237:
1151:
Despite shrinking by nearly half from the 2011 beginning of the civil war by 2014, the Armed Forces have become much more flexible and capable, especially in anti-guerilla warfare. Their
619:
The military is a conscripted force; males serve in the military at age 18, but they are exempted from service if they do not have a brother who can take care of their parents. Since the
4454:
2980:
6980:
1824:
Although some twenty-five orders and medals were authorized, generally only senior officers and warrant officers wear medal ribbons. The following were some important Syrian awards:
728:. Between 1948 and 1967 a series of coups destroyed the stability of the government and any remaining professionalism within the armed forces. In March 1949 the chief of staff, Gen.
4519:
623:, the enlisted members of the Syrian military have dropped by over half from a pre-civil war figure of 325,000 to 150,000 soldiers in the army in December 2014 due to casualties,
1164:
3447:
893:, as well as continued meddling in Lebanese affairs, and an international investigation into the Hariri killing and several subsequent bomb attacks has been launched by the UN.
652:
in mind. Although the unit's officers were originally all French, it was, in effect, the first indigenous modern Syrian army. In 1925 this force was expanded and designated the
6731:
3323:
1846:
1574:– since merged into the Syrian Arab Army as the 4th Armoured division and the Republican Guard as well as the 14th Airborne Division comprising five Special Forces regiments.
2892:
5944:
4391:
4073:قوات العمليات الخاصة (القوات الخاصة) في الجيش العربي السوري تبدأ أولى تدريباتها العسكرية بإشراف اللواء سهيل الحسن، أولى التدريبات تتضمن عمليات الإنزال الجوي من المروحيات.
3010:
744:
2839:
5028:
4417:
3263:
1992:
3135:
3049:
4333:
2327:
2313:
4200:
3346:
3159:
807:
of 1973 the Syrian Army launched an attack to seize the Golan Heights that was only narrowly repulsed by two vastly outnumbered Israeli brigades. Since 1973 the
4768:
4728:
4694:
4664:
1373:
342:
4169:
6269:
1841:
1565:
5920:
1756:
4896:
3659:
751:
spent most of its time planning to take power through a conventional military coup. From the very beginning the Military Committee knew it had to capture
6612:
6582:
6477:
6359:
3293:
2947:
2750:
5940:
2426:
2025:
1418:), eight armored divisions, five mechanized divisions, two semi-autonomous reserve divisions, three armored/airborne special forces divisions and seven
3079:
2456:
1556:
At some later point in time, the Air Defence Command was upgraded into a separate Syrian Air Defense Force. In 2022, it was reported as 21,000 strong.
5185:
1792:
camouflage fatigues along with combat boots, helmets and bulletproof vests. Headgear consisted of a red or orange beret. The Syrian military provides
1290:
930:. Total losses sustained were two dead and one wounded. There were indications the Syrian government had been prepared to double its force to 40,000.
3955:
2915:
6724:
5168:
1399:
invested major sums in rebuilding the Syrian military through force buildup and reorganization measures, including with new personnel appointments.
1383:
Between 2015 and 2018, the Syrian military under the supervision of Ministry of Defense underwent major structural changes, with the cooperation of
4974:
3553:
3183:
6867:
6632:
5960:
3469:
1923:
1893:
975:
into a permanent base. Israel and the US oppose further arms sales to Syria due to fears that the weapons could fall under the control of Iran or
3623:
3105:
2229:
2166:
1653:
5264:
5173:
4444:
1725:, with a range of up to 700 kilometers, is allegedly being developed by Syria with the help of North Korea and Iran, according to Eyal Zisser.
1376:
estimated army regulars or professionals at 220,000, with an additional 280,000 reserves. That figure was unchanged in the 2011 edition of the
2134:
6985:
6452:
6030:
5908:
5228:
5150:
4885:
4855:
4829:
4803:
4784:
4710:
4599:
4385:
3584:"More casualties raise to 512 including 130 children, the number of citizens who have been killed since the start of the fiercest escalation"
2289:
1745:
6875:
6660:
6130:
5021:
4509:
3523:
1462:
1438:
4549:
2112:
1237:. A similar imbalance is seen in the officer corps, where some 80% of the officers are Alawites. The military's most elite divisions, the
5006:
1276:
There are also civilian employees and reserves in the ranks of the armed forces who are called to serve in times of war and emergencies.
6717:
6497:
4483:
1550:
830:
states totaling only around 5,000 troops. In late 1978, after the Arab League had extended the mandate of the Arab Deterrent Force, the
4605:
2797:
6757:
6025:
5953:
5927:
5163:
3439:
3384:
2148:
1477:
1353:
1295:
1285:
1196:
240:
3233:
6852:
6607:
5625:
5113:
4676:
4006:
3315:
2711:
2663:
2615:
2528:
2502:
1773:
1004:
In March 2012 the Syrian government issued new travel restrictions for military-aged males. Under the new restrictions, reported by
4413:
3876:
3807:
3729:
6817:
6537:
6447:
6191:
5850:
3931:
2882:
818:
Syria was invited into Lebanon by that country's president in 1976, to intervene on the side of the Lebanese government against
6547:
6517:
6317:
6076:
5277:
5217:
5014:
2847:
968:
asserted that the sale wouldn't upset the balance of power in the Middle East and were "in line with . . . international law."
5611:
4375:
3601:
6655:
6622:
6487:
6352:
5881:
5232:
5180:
4957:
4949:
4877:
4222:
3833:
3781:
3755:
3177:"Torture Archipelago: Arbitrary Arrests, Torture and Enforced Disappearances in Syria's Underground Prisons since March 2011"
1508:
2479:
2180:
1008:, all males between 18–42 were banned from traveling outside the country. In a late June 2012 interview given by the FSA's
740:. Further coups followed, each attended by a purge of the officer corps to remove supporters of the losers from the force.
6919:
6645:
5600:
5474:
5136:
5131:
3127:
2920:
1829:
1454:
1450:
1242:
910:
156:
884:
broke out, with Syria fighting their former Palestinian allies. Following the end of the Lebanese civil war in 1990, the
6827:
6767:
6602:
6562:
6502:
6417:
6089:
5915:
5840:
5126:
4821:
2331:
1683:
1446:
1442:
1430:
1426:
972:
885:
871:
859:
187:
4072:
4059:
4047:
3975:
1139:
Russian sources give higher estimates. In 2011, 300,000 reserves were reported in addition to regular forces. In 2014,
6812:
6120:
6113:
5968:
5828:
5061:
4311:
4192:
3156:
1535:
with a range of 300 km. In 2011, the Navy was estimated have 5,000 personnel. In 2022 it was estimated at 4,000.
1419:
1188:
840:
613:
217:
6617:
6422:
2075:
1741:
939:
669:
4244:
4161:
3020:
6970:
6807:
6066:
5864:
5701:
5297:
5257:
5212:
5053:
4649:
4632:
4023:
2887:
2735:
2687:
2639:
2552:
1577:
1145:
1034:
737:
4060:"انطلاق المرحلة الأولى من التدريبات في معسكر التدريب لبناء وتشكيل قوات العمليات الخاصة SOF في الجيش العربي السوري"
1468:
By 2023, the number of active soldiers in the Syrian Arab Army increased to 130,000. In April 2024, Major General
721:
6939:
6592:
6467:
6437:
6412:
6345:
6144:
5676:
5617:
3255:
1874:
1828:, Medal of Military Honor, the War Medal, Medal for Courage, Yarmuk Medal, Wounded in Action Medal, and Medal of
1583:
1571:
1415:
1051:
The numbers in the Syrian armed forces have reduced considerably during the Civil War, although estimates vary.
796:
524:
255:
4292:
3782:"Syria has appointed #Brigadier_General Fadi Jihad Khaddour (From Baniyas) as chief staff of electronic warfare"
1041:
and Head of the 4th Army Division Maher Al Assad—brother of President Assad—were also injured in the explosion.
6688:
6683:
6392:
6374:
6234:
6206:
6013:
5121:
5093:
3042:
2258:
1728:
Syria received significant financial aid from Persian Gulf Arab states as a result of its participation in the
1589:
1544:
1458:
1238:
593:
4120:
3703:
3285:
2957:
1744:, Syria's main arms supplier, were worth at least $ 4 billion. Syria has conducted research and produced
6885:
6650:
6587:
6482:
6402:
6387:
5845:
5835:
5696:
5681:
5581:
5535:
5100:
3414:
1810:
1761:
1595:
919:
764:
597:
536:
299:
160:
6787:
6640:
6572:
6567:
6522:
6512:
6492:
6472:
6427:
5722:
5717:
5631:
5386:
5302:
1736:. In 2005, Russia forgave Syria of three-fourths, or about $ 9.8 billion, of its $ 13.4 billion
923:
689:
676:
562:
322:
60:
3176:
2050:
6847:
6837:
6797:
6777:
6772:
6762:
6542:
6532:
6507:
6462:
6432:
6397:
6239:
6161:
6061:
5903:
5886:
5813:
5691:
5589:
5431:
5250:
4839:
3202:
3075:
1495:
1489:
901:
Engagements since 1979 have included the Muslim Brotherhood insurgency (1979–82), notably including the
693:
601:
152:
4971:
1915:
1889:
876:
Syrian forces, still technically known as the Arab Deterrent Force, lingered in Lebanon throughout the
3637:
3101:
791:
territory of southwestern Syria has been under Israeli occupation. They then fought in the late 1960s
692:
approached, the ranks below major were gradually filled by Syrian officers who had graduated from the
648:
volunteer force, which would later become the Syrian army, was established in 1923 with the threat of
6678:
6597:
6557:
6254:
6056:
5891:
5595:
835:
823:
577:
332:
31:
4270:
6857:
6832:
6802:
6792:
6670:
6442:
6382:
6274:
6264:
6156:
5818:
5426:
5421:
4902:
1361:
1425:
Reports since the beginning of the war clarified the organisation of the army. In addition to the
6822:
6782:
6693:
6552:
6457:
6407:
6216:
6166:
6125:
5985:
5973:
5898:
5859:
5823:
5686:
5660:
5318:
4756:
3971:
3633:
3531:
2867:
2729:
2681:
2633:
2587:
2546:
2307:
1434:
902:
877:
680:
653:
609:
605:
194:
4941:
3660:"Officially...the Syrian Army Command issues demobilization decisions and these are the details"
1344:
1180:
172:
4541:
2108:
1465:. The 4th Armored Division became one of the Syrian government's most trusted security forces.
1233:. Alawites made up 12% of the pre-war Syrian population, but 70% of the career soldiers in the
6286:
6071:
5995:
5801:
5605:
5540:
5495:
5348:
4953:
4945:
4937:
4881:
4851:
4825:
4799:
4780:
4748:
4716:
4706:
4682:
4672:
4595:
4381:
4002:
2775:
2717:
2707:
2669:
2659:
2621:
2611:
2579:
2534:
2524:
2498:
2295:
2285:
1986:
1733:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1045:
732:, installed himself as president. Two more military dictators followed by December 1949. Gen.
729:
233:
4983:
4589:
4476:
826:
originally consisted of a Syrian core, up to 25,000 troops, with participation by some other
6310:
6291:
6226:
6108:
6044:
6008:
5778:
5637:
5530:
5510:
5505:
5451:
5323:
5285:
5086:
5000:
4740:
4449:
1825:
1789:
1670:
1609:
1504:
1365:
1339:
1207:
1038:
997:
957:
906:
881:
855:
851:
812:
792:
649:
620:
585:
293:
148:
144:
3376:
1356:. The soldier is wearing a Soviet-made Model ShMS nuclear-biological-chemical warfare mask.
72:
6934:
6911:
6880:
6749:
6211:
6186:
6176:
6171:
5525:
5490:
5456:
5371:
4978:
4813:
3229:
3215:
3163:
2801:
1698:
1469:
1184:
1010:
890:
573:
553:
312:
209:
139:
5933:
748:
4193:"Administrative Decisions on Local Defence Forces Personnel: Translation & Analysis"
1970:
6698:
6326:
6281:
6244:
6199:
5978:
5874:
5773:
5768:
5520:
5500:
5466:
5441:
4514:
4421:
4364:, 28 September 2004 (link leads only to abstract; purchase necessary for full article)
2026:"IDENTIFYING MATERIEL MANUFACTURED IN THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA (DPRK)"
1785:
1701:
standing guard as his unit prepares for the arrival of a visiting dignitary during the
1473:
1422:
regiments. Evolution of the command structure, training and military system continued.
1369:
1246:
1203:
1199:
1026:
1005:
953:
804:
760:
733:
645:
176:
17:
6964:
6259:
5869:
5752:
5747:
5732:
5570:
5547:
5515:
5480:
5416:
5358:
5328:
4870:
4865:
4760:
2835:
2051:"Exploring Iran's Role in Syrian Defence Industry and its Geopolitical Ramifications"
1863:
1604:
1192:
1030:
1015:
965:
926:, as Syrian forces did participate in helping dislodge and drive Iraqi forces out of
788:
768:
725:
628:
531:
4996:
Analysis of the syrian army air force and air defence threats in case of no-fly zone
3072:"Friends of Syria must use their influence to stop cycle of repression and violence"
1847:
Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war#Syrian armed and security forces
987:
679:
takeover, the army came under the control of the Free French and was designated the
6081:
5742:
5553:
5195:
4847:
3597:
2862:
2706:. Antonio Cassese. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: M. Nijhoff. 1986. pp. 198–201.
2658:. Antonio Cassese. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: M. Nijhoff. 1986. pp. 192–197.
2610:. Antonio Cassese. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: M. Nijhoff. 1986. pp. 196–197.
2523:. Antonio Cassese. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: M. Nijhoff. 1986. pp. 195–197.
2203:"عنوان السيرة الذاتية للعماد علي عبد الله أيوب نائب رئيس مجلس الوزراء- وزير الدفاع"
1777:
1737:
1710:
1022:
665:
657:
275:
167:
4744:
2167:"Analysing the Online Arms Trade in Opposition-controlled Syria: July 2021 update"
1249:, are exclusively Alawite. Most of Syria's 300,000 conscripts in 2011 were Sunni.
4923:
2981:"Assad's brother-in-law and top Syrian officials killed in Damascus suicide bomb"
6248:
6020:
6003:
5446:
5406:
5338:
5333:
5079:
5072:
4929:
4844:
It Doesn't Take a Hero : The Autobiography of General H. Norman Schwarzkopf
3902:
3628:
2202:
2188:
1718:
1566:
List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War § Syrian government and allies
1526:
1520:
1234:
927:
827:
784:
709:
684:
661:
660:, the Army of the Levant participated in a futile resistance to the British and
589:
581:
425:
6709:
1776:
on Syria, service uniforms for Syrian military officers generally followed the
616:
holds the position of Deputy Commander-in-chief of the Army and Armed Forces.
6741:
5381:
5343:
4933:
4643:
4626:
2953:
2299:
1798:
1586:– a Palestinian Auxiliary, ostensibly returned to Palestine Authority control.
961:
949:
808:
624:
4752:
4720:
4686:
3967:
2583:
6929:
6901:
5727:
5436:
4776:
4736:
4702:
4668:
2721:
2673:
2625:
2538:
2007:
1740:
debt. Russia wrote off the debt to renew arms sales with Syria. As of 2011,
1627:
1499:
1395:, while at the same time trying to increase its strategic independence. The
1140:
976:
945:
752:
461:
2279:
1693:
1202:(left), both Ba'athist leaders. Military-Ba'ath party nexus constructed by
5159:
National Security Bureau of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
2278:
James Hackett, International Institute for Strategic Studies, ed. (2023).
1256:
Soldiers of the Syrian Armed Forces are divided into two main categories:
6527:
5376:
5366:
2701:
2653:
2605:
2518:
2430:
1868:
1793:
1729:
1702:
1658:
1372:
and the organization of ground formations into three corps. In 2010, the
1230:
1215:
1159:
996:
had reached approximately 170,000, from different ranks. They formed the
914:
811:
line has been respected by both sides, with very few incidents until the
776:
772:
697:
509:
389:
180:
3932:"The Lion and The Eagle: The Syrian Arab Army's Destruction and Rebirth"
3316:"Al-Qaida-linked group accused of torture in areas of Syria it controls"
2230:"Syria increasing efforts to build up military after substantial losses"
6181:
5207:
5199:
4125:
3015:
2591:
2567:
1349:
497:
377:
365:
252:
230:
4121:"Saudi Arabia confirms role in strikes against Islamic State in Syria"
3583:
6337:
5783:
5737:
5411:
5396:
4380:. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger Security International. p. 30.
3704:"Chain of Command in the Syrian Military: Formal and Informal Tracks"
3407:"LifeNews изучил состояние сирийской армии на момент введения ВКС РФ"
2751:"LEGACY OF WAR; ISRAEL MAKES A BITTER DEAL, NEW BATTLE JOLTS LEBANON"
1722:
1714:
1636:
1618:
1531:
1392:
1384:
847:
756:
449:
206:
3256:"Exclusive: Obama authorizes secret U.S. support for Syrian rebels"
1018:
said that about 20–30 Syrian officers defected to Turkey each day.
6924:
5651:
5401:
5273:
5044:
5039:
4667:(2023). Hackett, James (ed.). The Military Balance 2023 (Report).
4223:"Turkey shells Assad loyalists trying to cross into Syria's Afrin"
1765:
1692:
1662:
1453:, were created by 2015. Units reporting to the Chief of Staff are
1226:
986:
831:
701:
401:
83:
5242:
4334:"Assad's Lionesses: the female last line in the battle for Syria"
3406:
3043:"UPDATE 4-Syrian govt forces, rebels committing war crimes -U.N."
1862:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1437:
in 2011. New Special Forces units formed during the war included
5391:
3956:
The Syrian Civil War – Evolution of the Syrian Army’s Way of War
2916:"As Syria's war rages, Assad bans military-age men from leaving"
1674:"Lionesses of Defense", fighting within the limits of Damascus.
1388:
705:
485:
473:
437:
413:
6713:
6341:
5246:
5010:
3377:"Сколько людей и оружия по обе линии сирийского противостояния"
1969:
Eden Kaduri, Yehoshua Kalisky, Tal Avraham (6 September 2023).
4510:"Assad Ouster Bid May Unleash 'Chaos in Mideast,' Russia Says"
4312:"The Special Assignments Battalion: Local Defence Forces Unit"
4048:اللواء سهيل الحسن قائداً للقوات الخاصة في الجيش العربي السوري.
1402:
By 2019, the Army's formations included three army corps (the
819:
4482:. Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies. pp 15.
4162:"The Local Defence Forces: Regime Auxiliary Forces in Aleppo"
2135:"War Gains: Bulgarian Arms Add Fuel to Middle East Conflicts"
683:(Troupes du Levant). French Mandate authorities maintained a
4477:"Russian defence industry and arms trade: facts and figures"
4245:"The 313 Battalion: A Syrian 'Islamic Resistance' Formation"
2149:"Chinese Air Defense System Spotted in Syria: Russian Media"
3624:"Syria reduces compulsory military service by three months"
3128:"Syrian siege of Homs is genocidal, say trapped residents"
1598:– a part-time volunteer reserve component of the military.
6953:- country that sometimes recognized as part of Arab world
4571:
4569:
4567:
3470:"Infographic: Aircraft Lost During The Syrian Civil War"
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
3999:
Quicksilver War: Syria, Iraq and the Spiral of Conflict
2495:
Use of force: the practice of states since World War II
2480:"Syria fires missiles at Israeli jets after airstrikes"
1717:
missiles with a 500-kilometer range were procured from
4925:
Armed Forces in the Middle East: Politics and Strategy
4794:
International Institute for Strategic Studies (2010).
3858:
3856:
3854:
3497:
3495:
1971:"Rebuilding the Syrian Military: The Threat to Israel"
1732:, with a sizable portion of these funds earmarked for
3877:"I noted 4 distinct phases of (attempted) rebuilding"
1945:
1943:
1941:
4986:
profiles of people and institutions provided by the
4445:"News Analysis: Russia Damages Image in Arab Spring"
3230:"Al-Assad denies responsibility for Syria crackdown"
2365:
2363:
2361:
1352:
assault rifle from his position in a foxhole during
991:
A Syrian soldier manning a checkpoint near Damascus.
567:
6910:
6894:
6866:
6748:
6669:
6631:
6373:
6225:
6143:
6101:
6043:
5994:
5800:
5761:
5710:
5659:
5580:
5563:
5465:
5357:
5311:
5284:
5194:
5149:
5112:
5052:
3157:"Syria: Despite Denials, More Cluster Bomb Attacks"
1059:
530:
520:
515:
353:
338:
331:
321:
311:
306:
292:
284:
274:
266:
261:
239:
215:
193:
186:
166:
138:
120:
102:
82:
41:
4869:
4377:Global security watch—Russia: A reference handbook
4001:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 183.
1784:Syrian Commando and Paratroop uniforms consist of
1225:In 2011, the majority of the Syrian military were
964:submarines from Russia. Russia's Foreign Minister
724:(against Israel) and were involved in a number of
6976:Military units and formations established in 1946
2840:"AFTER THE WAR; Syria Plans to Double Gulf Force"
1916:"Bashal al-Assad in uniform with rank of Marshal"
771:discharged many ranking Sunni officers, thereby,
4970:Center for Strategic and International Studies,
4936:, 2002. BESA studies in international security,
4932:and Thomas A. Kearney. London and Portland, OR:
4418:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
4024:"The Growing Role of Reconciled Rebels in Syria"
2703:The Current legal regulation of the use of force
2655:The Current legal regulation of the use of force
2607:The Current legal regulation of the use of force
2520:The Current legal regulation of the use of force
2008:"CIA Suspects Chinese Firm of Syria Missile Aid"
6981:Pro-government factions of the Syrian civil war
4872:Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East
4818:Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991
3011:"Two Syrian rebel groups claim Damascus attack"
656:(Troupes Spéciales du Levant). In 1941, during
569:al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥah al-ʿArabīyah as-Sūrīyah
3554:"Assad's army stretched but still seen strong"
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3347:"Assad's army stretched but still seen strong"
1760:Syrian honor guard stands at attention during
1441:. In addition, new regular army units such as
1055:Syrian Armed Forces size during the Civil War
6725:
6353:
5258:
5022:
4895:Sinai, Joshua (1987). Collelo, Thomas (ed.).
4769:International Institute for Strategic Studies
4729:International Institute for Strategic Studies
4695:International Institute for Strategic Studies
4665:International Institute for Strategic Studies
3697:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3286:"Saudi Arabia plans to fund Syria rebel army"
1374:International Institute for Strategic Studies
343:Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Center
8:
4293:"The Life of Farid Khattab of the 313 Force"
4264:
4262:
2798:"Retrait syrien total fin avril au plus tar"
1991:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1842:List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War
1021:On 18 July 2012 the Syrian Defense Minister
940:Russia–Syria relations § Arms contracts
822:guerilla and Lebanese Christian forces. The
347:Établissement Industriel de la Défense (EID)
88:
77:Coat of arms of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces
47:
2822:
2568:"Will Syria Have to Withdraw from Lebanon?"
2224:
2222:
2220:
1229:, but most of the military leadership were
783:The Armed Forces were involved in the 1967
6732:
6718:
6710:
6360:
6346:
6338:
6149:
6049:
5806:
5669:
5665:
5290:
5265:
5251:
5243:
5029:
5015:
5007:
4310:Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (9 February 2020).
3723:
3721:
3666:(in Arabic). 29 March 2020. Archived from
2776:"Assad announces Lebanon troop withdrawal"
2312:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2181:"Syrian Arab Republic: Constitution, 2012"
1300:Army and Armed Forces Operations Authority
1286:General Staff of the Army and Armed Forces
775:says, "providing openings for hundreds of
71:
59:
4291:Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad (February 2020).
4225:. Middle East Institute. 21 February 2018
3524:"Syria's military: what does Assad have?"
3434:
3432:
3102:"Why the Syrian regime is killing babies"
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2330:. www.globalfirepower.com. Archived from
913:to Saudi Arabia in 1990–91, ahead of the
909:(against Israel) and the dispatch of the
787:(against Israel). Since 1967 most of the
4269:Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (18 March 2021).
2457:"Israel bombs Syria's Golan after blast"
2103:
1755:
1652:
1343:
1179:
1053:
1029:and the president's brother-in-law Gen.
5961:Popular Front for Change and Liberation
3925:
3923:
2863:"Russia confirms MiG jet sale to Syria"
2393:
2381:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
1881:
1037:in Damascus. Syrian intelligence chief
596:, and paramilitary forces, such as the
5001:Key Figures in Asad's Military Command
4542:"Syria not next on list, says Britain"
4191:Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad (3 May 2017).
3357:from the original on 22 September 2014
3211:
3200:
2727:
2679:
2631:
2544:
2305:
1984:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
743:In 1963 the Military Committee of the
720:The Syrian Armed Forces fought in the
38:
5969:Political status of the Golan Heights
5229:Syria and weapons of mass destruction
5003:– command structure developments 1976
4731:(2019). "The Military Balance 2019".
4697:(2022). "The Military Balance 2022".
4575:
4489:from the original on 20 November 2011
4457:from the original on 22 December 2011
4203:from the original on 28 February 2018
4095:
3901:Pesach Malovany (14 September 2018).
3702:Muhsen al-Mustafa (9 November 2021).
3296:from the original on 18 December 2016
3236:from the original on 24 December 2013
3138:from the original on 25 February 2017
2405:
2369:
2352:
2240:from the original on 30 December 2014
2115:from the original on 29 December 2017
1890:"SYRIA UPDATE: THE FALL OF AL-QUSAYR"
736:then held power until deposed in the
7:
4147:
4107:
4083:
3997:Harris, William (2018). "Glossary".
3978:from the original on 22 October 2014
3862:
3706:. Omran Center for strategic studies
3604:from the original on 21 January 2017
3501:
3480:from the original on 5 November 2018
3450:from the original on 22 October 2014
3440:"Syria army adapts to guerrilla war"
3417:from the original on 27 January 2016
3052:from the original on 20 October 2012
2949:סוריה: התקפה עזה על המשמר הרפובליקני
2883:"Russia defends arms sales to Syria"
1949:
1463:25th Special Mission Forces Division
1439:25th Special Mission Forces Division
1220:(50% shrinkage according to sources)
65:Flag of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces
4645:My Russian SCHMS gas mask with hose
3108:from the original on 22 August 2013
2778:. www.theguardian.com. 5 March 2005
2437:from the original on 9 October 2017
2427:"Making Sense of the Syrian Crisis"
1926:from the original on 9 October 2017
1551:Library of Congress Country Studies
557:
89:
48:
6671:Dependencies and other territories
5164:Air Force Intelligence Directorate
4608:from the original on 22 April 2014
4552:from the original on 18 April 2014
4522:from the original on 27 April 2012
4332:Loveday Morris (22 January 2013).
4172:from the original on 26 March 2018
3558:The Daily Star Newspaper – Lebanon
3266:from the original on 2 August 2012
2895:from the original on 12 April 2011
2187:. 26 February 2021. Archived from
1892:. Institute for the Study of War.
1624:Shuhada Nubl wa al-Zahraa Regiment
1507:. Presently there are at least 15
1296:Air Force Intelligence Directorate
25:
5186:Military Intelligence Directorate
4594:. Osprey Publishing. p. 58.
4508:Meyer, Henry (7 September 2011).
4394:from the original on 29 July 2016
4022:Waters, Gregory (21 April 2018).
3387:from the original on 31 July 2016
3326:from the original on 22 July 2016
3189:from the original on 25 July 2012
3182:. Human Rights Watch. July 2012.
2991:from the original on 19 July 2012
2928:from the original on 22 June 2012
2861:Katz, Yaakov (3 September 2009).
2497:. Penn State Press. p. 156.
1896:from the original on 10 June 2013
1774:Library of Congress Country Study
1649:Role of women in the Armed Forces
1309:Special Operations Forces Command
1291:Military Intelligence Directorate
1176:Demographics and military service
1148:still reported the same figures.
954:Iskander tactical missile systems
349:Syrian Defense Laboratories (SDL)
27:Combined military forces of Syria
6895:Autonomous regional armed forces
6881:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
5650:
5169:General Intelligence Directorate
5038:
3974:. 16 December 2011. p. 12.
3806:Gregory Waters (12 April 2024).
3728:Gregory Waters (28 March 2024).
3564:from the original on 8 July 2015
2749:Friedman, Thomas (26 May 1985).
2482:. Yahoo! News. Associated Press.
1857:
1321:Military Engineering Directorate
502:
490:
478:
466:
454:
442:
430:
418:
406:
394:
382:
370:
358:
246:
224:
200:
6868:States with limited recognition
6633:States with limited recognition
5218:Military Security Shield Forces
4960:. Syria chapter by Eyal Zisser.
4443:Amos, Howard (26 August 2011).
4414:"SIPRI Arms Transfers Database"
4271:"The Qamr Bani Hashim Division"
3903:"The Syrian Phoenix is Arising"
3875:Gregory Waters (18 July 2019).
3636:. 20 March 2011. Archived from
2979:Damien McElroy (18 July 2012).
1764:. The soldier is armed with an
1657:Female Syrian soldiers with an
1324:General Recruitment Directorate
1247:Bashar al-Assad's brother Maher
950:Pantsir S1E air-defence systems
50:القوات المسلحة العربية السورية
6679:British Indian Ocean Territory
5181:Political Security Directorate
4878:University of California Press
4588:Gordon Rottman (27 May 1993).
3930:George Waters (18 July 2019).
3530:. 6 April 2011. Archived from
3019:. 18 July 2012. Archived from
2956:. 26 June 2012. Archived from
2914:David Enders (27 March 2012).
795:(against Israel) and the 1970
558:القوات المسلحة العربية السورية
98:("Homeland, Honor, Sincerity")
1:
5137:Syrian Special Mission Forces
5132:Syrian Public Security Police
4984:Syria's Army and Armed Forces
4901:. Federal Research Division,
4745:10.1080/04597222.2018.1561033
4247:. Aymenn Jawad. 30 March 2017
3832:Ayman Al-Das (24 June 2020).
3780:Ayman Al-Das (30 June 2021).
3078:. 5 July 2012. Archived from
2921:The Christian Science Monitor
2205:(in Arabic). pministry.gov.sy
1592:– since merged into the army.
1318:Military Judicial Directorate
1315:Political Guidance Department
765:March 1963 Syrian coup d'etat
157:Syrian Arab Air Defense Force
6986:1946 establishments in Syria
6109:Energy and mineral resources
5909:Supreme Constitutional Court
4972:Middle East Military Balance
4822:University of Nebraska Press
3754:Ayman Al-Das (27 May 2022).
2478:Ian Deitch (17 March 2017).
2006:Gertz, Bill (23 July 1996).
1684:Equipment of the Syrian Army
1678:Weapons, uniforms and awards
1633:Special Assigments Battalion
1431:15th Special Forces Division
1427:14th Special Forces Division
1360:In 1987 Joshua Sinai of the
1303:Artillery and Missile Forces
973:Russian naval base in Tartus
922:also rolled into the Allied
886:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
872:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
860:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
654:Special Troops of the Levant
640:From Mandate to Independence
6131:Water supply and sanitation
6031:Weapons of mass destruction
5934:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
3166:. HRW.org. 23 October 2012.
2800:(in French). Archived from
2425:Bhalla, Reva (5 May 2011).
1746:weapons of mass destruction
1206:constitute the backbone of
841:Palestinian Liberation Army
767:. Following the coup, Gen.
749:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
568:
256:Abdul Karim Mahmoud Ibrahim
126:; 53 years ago
108:; 78 years ago
7002:
6423:People's Republic of China
6026:Chief of the General Staff
5954:National Progressive Front
5626:independent First Republic
2888:United Press International
2566:Thompson, Eric V. (2002).
2030:Conflict Armament Research
1973:. INSS Tel Aviv University
1808:
1742:arms contracts with Russia
1681:
1642:Qamr Bani Hashim Battalion
1563:
1549:In 1986, according to the
1542:
1518:
1487:
1474:specialized military units
1337:
1312:Military Police Department
1280:Administrative Departments
1187:(centre) alongside Syrian
1025:, former defense minister
937:
869:
716:After the Second World War
241:Chief of the General Staff
29:
6948:
6304:
6152:
6052:
5809:
5672:
5668:
5648:
5293:
5226:
4796:The Military Balance 2010
4773:The Military Balance 2011
4160:Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad.
3968:"By All Means Necessary!"
2493:Weisburd, Arthur (1997).
2328:"Syria Military Strength"
2281:The Military Balance 2023
1875:Federal Research Division
1584:Palestine Liberation Army
1478:Special Operations Forces
1306:Electronic Warfare Forces
1245:, which are commanded by
1214:With its headquarters in
1105:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1006:local Syrian news outlets
664:invasion that ousted the
525:Military history of Syria
317:$ 1.8 billion (2019)
70:
58:
49:
46:
5122:Law enforcement in Syria
5094:Syrian Air Defense Force
4358:"Syria's embrace of WMD"
3598:"Background Note: Syria"
3232:. CNN. 7 December 2011.
3162:18 December 2016 at the
2948:
2234:South China Morning Post
1772:In 1987, according to a
1639:Special Forces Battalion
1545:Syrian Air Defense Force
1539:Syrian Air Defence Force
1348:A Syrian soldier aims a
1069:Total: Army + Air Force
971:Russia aims to turn the
763:, seized control in the
594:Syrian Air Defense Force
546:Syrian Arab Armed Forces
42:Syrian Arab Armed Forces
30:Not to be confused with
6689:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5536:Principality of Antioch
5101:National Defence Forces
4977:29 October 2005 at the
4628:Soviet SCHMS Respirator
4374:Weitz, Richard (2010).
3600:. US State Department.
2952:(in Hebrew). Tel Aviv:
1811:Military ranks of Syria
1762:Operation Desert Shield
1596:National Defence Forces
1354:Operation Desert Shield
1197:Military Chief of Staff
1044:Since the start of the
920:Operation Desert Shield
745:Syrian Regional Command
738:1954 Syrian coup d'etat
650:Syrian Arab nationalism
598:National Defence Forces
537:Military ranks of Syria
161:National Defence Forces
6940:People's Defense Units
6077:International rankings
5723:Anti-Lebanon Mountains
5387:Middle Assyrian Empire
4898:A Country Study, Syria
4840:Schwarzkopf, H. Norman
4591:Armies of the Gulf War
4297:Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi
3210:Cite journal requires
2734:: CS1 maint: others (
2686:: CS1 maint: others (
2638:: CS1 maint: others (
2551:: CS1 maint: others (
1870:Syria: A Country Study
1820:Awards and decorations
1769:
1706:
1666:
1509:Syrian air force bases
1414:), one assault corps (
1357:
1211:
992:
924:Operation Desert Storm
670:Syria–Lebanon Campaign
668:from Syria during the
580:. They consist of the
18:Syrian military forces
5882:Government ministries
5432:Neo-Babylonian Empire
5174:Internal Branch - 251
4546:Sydney Morning Herald
3936:Middle East Institute
3476:. 18 September 2018.
3474:Statista Infographics
3076:Amnesty International
2891:. 29 September 2008.
1759:
1696:
1656:
1601:Local Defence Forces
1496:Syrian Arab Air Force
1490:Syrian Arab Air Force
1347:
1183:
990:
979:fighters in Lebanon.
938:Further information:
866:Occupation of Lebanon
850:invaded and occupied
834:, the Saudis and the
799:invasion of Jordan.
722:1948 Arab–Israeli War
694:Homs Military Academy
612:of the Armed Forces.
602:Constitution of Syria
153:Syrian Arab Air Force
95:Watan, Sharaf, Ikhlas
6853:United Arab Emirates
6608:United Arab Emirates
6194:(2011–present)
6090:Securities Exchange
5841:Council of Ministers
5596:Haj Fadel Government
5127:Ministry of Interior
4733:The Military Balance
4699:The Military Balance
4028:International Review
2459:. Al Jazeera English
2236:. 29 December 2014.
2012:The Washington Times
1920:thewhatandthewhy.com
1805:Rank insignia (1987)
1455:4th Armored Division
1451:8th Armored Division
1447:6th Armored Division
1443:2nd Armored Division
1327:Manpower Directorate
1243:4th Armored Division
1165:Russian intervention
911:9th Armored Division
836:United Arab Emirates
824:Arab Deterrent Force
578:Syrian Arab Republic
32:Syrian National Army
5870:Golan Heights claim
5427:Neo-Assyrian Empire
5422:Syro-Hittite states
5312:Prehistorical Syria
5067:Syrian Armed Forces
5062:Ministry of Defense
4903:Library of Congress
4424:on 25 November 2015
4129:. 23 September 2014
3446:. 22 October 2014.
3134:. 7 February 2012.
2850:on 11 October 2017.
2572:Middle East Journal
2169:. 2 September 2021.
2137:. 21 December 2015.
1709:The breakup of the
1560:Paramilitary forces
1362:Library of Congress
1158:In September 2018,
1066:Air Force personnel
1056:
690:Syrian independence
614:Minister of Defense
600:. According to the
218:Minister of Defence
6740:Militaries of the
6368:Militaries of Asia
6121:Telecommunications
6114:Petroleum industry
5618:Mandatory Republic
5564:Early modern Syria
5319:Levantine corridor
5213:Popular Committees
3972:Human Rights Watch
3634:Xinhua News Agency
3413:. 1 October 2015.
3082:on 6 December 2012
2868:The Jerusalem Post
2825:, p. 467–469.
2396:, p. 457–458.
1790:woodland-patterned
1770:
1707:
1699:military policeman
1667:
1578:Struggle Companies
1476:comparable to the
1435:Human Rights Watch
1433:was identified by
1358:
1212:
1054:
993:
960:aircraft, and two
878:Lebanese civil war
610:Commander-in-chief
606:President of Syria
339:Domestic suppliers
195:Commander-in-chief
6971:Military of Syria
6958:
6957:
6707:
6706:
6335:
6334:
6300:
6299:
6139:
6138:
6039:
6038:
5928:Political parties
5865:Foreign relations
5796:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5646:
5645:
5606:Syrian Federation
5541:County of Tripoli
5496:Ikhshidid dynasty
5349:Yarmukian culture
5240:
5239:
4887:978-0-520-06976-3
4857:978-0-553-56338-2
4831:978-0-8032-3733-9
4805:978-1-85743-557-3
4786:978-1-85743-606-8
4712:978-1-032-27900-8
4601:978-1-85532-277-6
4548:. 14 April 2003.
4387:978-0-313-35434-2
3345:Sylvia, Westall.
3262:. 1 August 2012.
2838:(27 March 1991).
2291:978-1-003-40022-6
2261:23 September 2014
2155:. 1 January 2020.
2109:"Trade Registers"
1734:military spending
1572:Defense Companies
1480:(SSO) in Russia.
1397:Syrian government
1137:
1136:
1046:conflict in Syria
1033:were killed in a
897:Other engagements
566:
542:
541:
354:Foreign suppliers
294:Reserve personnel
267:Military age
234:Ali Mahmoud Abbas
16:(Redirected from
6993:
6912:Non-state actors
6750:Sovereign states
6734:
6727:
6720:
6711:
6684:Christmas Island
6375:Sovereign states
6362:
6355:
6348:
6339:
6320:
6313:
6195:
6150:
6093:
6092:(stock exchange)
6085:
6050:
5963:
5956:
5947:
5945:regional command
5936:
5807:
5779:Fertile Crescent
5670:
5666:
5654:
5531:County of Edessa
5511:Mirdasid dynasty
5506:Hamdanid dynasty
5485:
5452:Palmyrene Empire
5437:Achaemenid Syria
5324:Natufian culture
5291:
5267:
5260:
5253:
5244:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5087:Syrian Air Force
5082:
5075:
5043:
5042:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5008:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4891:
4875:
4861:
4835:
4814:Pollack, Kenneth
4809:
4790:
4764:
4724:
4690:
4652:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4629:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4585:
4579:
4573:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4488:
4481:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4450:The Moscow Times
4440:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4420:. Archived from
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4371:
4365:
4360:by Eyal Zisser,
4355:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4266:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4157:
4151:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4117:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4093:
4087:
4081:
4075:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4056:
4050:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4019:
4013:
4012:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3964:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3927:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3725:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3699:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3520:
3505:
3499:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3436:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3292:. 22 June 2012.
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3213:
3208:
3206:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3188:
3181:
3173:
3167:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2846:. Archived from
2832:
2826:
2823:Schwarzkopf 1993
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2733:
2725:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2685:
2677:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2637:
2629:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2578:(1): 72–93, 76.
2563:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2542:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2422:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2303:
2275:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2226:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2191:on 5 March 2019.
2177:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2105:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1966:
1953:
1947:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1886:
1878:
1861:
1860:
1826:Order of Umayyad
1730:Persian Gulf War
1671:Syrian Civil War
1665:, December 2015.
1610:Lions of Hussein
1590:Republican Guard
1505:Syrian civil war
1484:Syrian Air Force
1459:Republican Guard
1378:Military Balance
1366:Syrian Arab Army
1340:Syrian Arab Army
1239:Republican Guard
1221:
1210:'s support base.
1208:Assad government
1189:Defence Minister
1132:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1057:
1039:Hisham Bekhityar
998:Free Syrian Army
983:Syrian Civil War
907:1982 Lebanon War
882:War of the Camps
856:1982 Lebanon War
852:Southern Lebanon
813:Syrian civil war
793:War of Attrition
681:Levantine Forces
621:Syrian Civil War
586:Syrian Air Force
571:
561:
559:
516:Related articles
508:
506:
505:
496:
494:
493:
484:
482:
481:
472:
470:
469:
460:
458:
457:
448:
446:
445:
436:
434:
433:
424:
422:
421:
412:
410:
409:
400:
398:
397:
388:
386:
385:
376:
374:
373:
364:
362:
361:
285:Active personnel
251:
250:
249:
229:
228:
227:
220:
205:
204:
203:
149:Syrian Arab Navy
145:Syrian Arab Army
140:Service branches
134:
132:
127:
116:
114:
109:
92:
91:
75:
63:
54:
53:
51:
39:
21:
7001:
7000:
6996:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6991:
6990:
6961:
6960:
6959:
6954:
6944:
6935:Houthi movement
6906:
6890:
6862:
6744:
6738:
6708:
6703:
6665:
6651:Northern Cyprus
6627:
6528:Myanmar (Burma)
6369:
6366:
6336:
6331:
6323:
6316:
6309:
6296:
6221:
6207:Public holidays
6193:
6135:
6097:
6091:
6083:
6035:
5990:
5959:
5952:
5939:
5932:
5788:
5757:
5706:
5655:
5642:
5632:Second Republic
5576:
5559:
5526:Crusader states
5491:Tulunid dynasty
5484:(Bilad al-Sham)
5483:
5481:Caliphal Syria
5475:Muslim conquest
5461:
5457:Byzantine Syria
5372:Akkadian Empire
5353:
5307:
5280:
5271:
5241:
5236:
5222:
5190:
5145:
5114:Law enforcement
5108:
5099:
5092:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5048:
5047:security forces
5037:
5035:
4979:Wayback Machine
4967:
4920:
4918:Further reading
4907:
4905:
4894:
4888:
4864:
4858:
4838:
4832:
4812:
4806:
4793:
4787:
4767:
4727:
4713:
4693:
4679:
4663:
4660:
4655:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4611:
4609:
4602:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4574:
4565:
4555:
4553:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4525:
4523:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4460:
4458:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4427:
4425:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4397:
4395:
4388:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4356:
4352:
4342:
4340:
4338:The Independent
4331:
4330:
4326:
4316:
4314:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4275:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4260:
4250:
4248:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4228:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4206:
4204:
4197:aymennjawad.org
4190:
4189:
4185:
4175:
4173:
4166:aymennjawad.org
4159:
4158:
4154:
4146:
4142:
4132:
4130:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4106:
4102:
4094:
4090:
4082:
4078:
4071:
4067:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4042:
4032:
4030:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4009:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3981:
3979:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3954:
3950:
3940:
3938:
3929:
3928:
3921:
3911:
3909:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3885:
3883:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3861:
3852:
3842:
3840:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3816:
3814:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3790:
3788:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3736:
3727:
3726:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3683:
3673:
3671:
3664:Snacksyrian.com
3658:
3657:
3653:
3643:
3641:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3607:
3605:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3567:
3565:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3537:
3535:
3522:
3521:
3508:
3500:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3438:
3437:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3390:
3388:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3322:. 18 May 2012.
3314:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3209:
3199:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3164:Wayback Machine
3155:
3151:
3141:
3139:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3085:
3083:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3055:
3053:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3026:
3024:
3023:on 19 July 2012
3009:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2985:Daily Telegraph
2978:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2960:on 28 July 2013
2950:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2804:on 16 June 2021
2796:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2726:
2714:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2678:
2666:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2630:
2618:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2543:
2531:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2424:
2423:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2368:
2359:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2304:
2292:
2277:
2276:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2228:
2227:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2107:
2106:
2081:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2057:. 8 August 2023
2055:Special Eurasia
2049:
2048:
2044:
2034:
2032:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1956:
1948:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1867:
1858:
1855:
1838:
1822:
1813:
1807:
1754:
1752:Uniforms (1987)
1691:
1686:
1680:
1651:
1568:
1562:
1547:
1541:
1523:
1517:
1492:
1486:
1470:Suhayl al-Hasan
1364:wrote that the
1342:
1336:
1282:
1219:
1185:Bashar al-Assad
1178:
1173:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1011:Asharq Al-Awsat
985:
942:
936:
899:
891:Rafiq al-Hariri
874:
868:
797:Black September
718:
642:
637:
574:military forces
503:
501:
500:
491:
489:
488:
479:
477:
476:
467:
465:
464:
455:
453:
452:
443:
441:
440:
431:
429:
428:
419:
417:
416:
407:
405:
404:
395:
393:
392:
383:
381:
380:
371:
369:
368:
359:
357:
348:
346:
247:
245:
225:
223:
216:
210:Bashar al-Assad
201:
199:
173:Hay'at al-Arkan
159:
155:
151:
147:
130:
128:
125:
112:
110:
107:
97:
93:
90:وطن، شرف، إخلاص
78:
66:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6999:
6997:
6989:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6963:
6962:
6956:
6955:
6949:
6946:
6945:
6943:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6916:
6914:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6904:
6898:
6896:
6892:
6891:
6889:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6872:
6870:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6754:
6752:
6746:
6745:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6729:
6722:
6714:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6675:
6673:
6667:
6666:
6664:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6637:
6635:
6629:
6628:
6626:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6379:
6377:
6371:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6364:
6357:
6350:
6342:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6322:
6321:
6314:
6306:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6272:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6242:
6237:
6231:
6229:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6189:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6153:
6147:
6141:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6117:
6116:
6105:
6103:
6102:Infrastructure
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6087:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6053:
6047:
6041:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6006:
6000:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5983:
5982:
5981:
5979:Syria (region)
5971:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5957:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5896:
5895:
5894:
5884:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5862:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5846:Prime Minister
5838:
5836:Vice President
5833:
5832:
5831:
5821:
5816:
5810:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5774:Southern Syria
5771:
5769:Syria (region)
5765:
5763:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5673:
5663:
5657:
5656:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5615:
5612:State of Syria
5609:
5601:French Mandate
5598:
5593:
5586:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5574:
5567:
5565:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5557:
5551:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5523:
5521:Saljuqid Syria
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5501:Zangid dynasty
5498:
5493:
5488:
5478:
5471:
5469:
5467:Medieval Syria
5463:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5442:Seleucid Syria
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5363:
5361:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5303:Years in Syria
5300:
5294:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5262:
5255:
5247:
5238:
5237:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5204:
5202:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5166:
5161:
5155:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5124:
5118:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5064:
5058:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5011:
5005:
5004:
4998:
4992:
4991:
4981:
4966:
4965:External links
4963:
4962:
4961:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4892:
4886:
4866:Seale, Patrick
4862:
4856:
4836:
4830:
4810:
4804:
4791:
4785:
4765:
4725:
4711:
4691:
4677:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4636:
4619:
4600:
4580:
4578:, p. 264.
4563:
4533:
4500:
4468:
4435:
4405:
4386:
4366:
4362:Globe and Mail
4350:
4324:
4302:
4283:
4258:
4236:
4214:
4183:
4152:
4150:, p. 371.
4140:
4112:
4110:, p. 370.
4100:
4098:, p. 237.
4088:
4086:, p. 369.
4076:
4065:
4051:
4040:
4014:
4007:
3989:
3959:
3948:
3919:
3907:Israel Defense
3893:
3867:
3865:, p. 368.
3850:
3824:
3798:
3772:
3746:
3717:
3681:
3670:on 21 May 2020
3651:
3615:
3589:
3575:
3545:
3506:
3504:, p. 330.
3491:
3461:
3444:The Daily Star
3428:
3398:
3368:
3351:The Daily Star
3337:
3307:
3277:
3247:
3221:
3212:|journal=
3168:
3149:
3119:
3093:
3063:
3034:
3002:
2971:
2939:
2906:
2874:
2853:
2844:New York Times
2836:Miller, Judith
2827:
2815:
2789:
2767:
2741:
2712:
2693:
2664:
2645:
2616:
2597:
2558:
2529:
2510:
2503:
2485:
2470:
2448:
2410:
2398:
2386:
2374:
2357:
2355:, p. 190.
2345:
2334:on 21 May 2020
2319:
2290:
2263:
2251:
2216:
2194:
2172:
2158:
2140:
2126:
2079:
2068:
2042:
2017:
1998:
1954:
1952:, p. 354.
1937:
1907:
1880:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1821:
1818:
1809:Main article:
1806:
1803:
1768:assault rifle.
1753:
1750:
1690:
1687:
1679:
1676:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1615:
1614:313th Regiment
1612:
1607:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1561:
1558:
1543:Main article:
1540:
1537:
1519:Main article:
1516:
1513:
1488:Main article:
1485:
1482:
1370:special forces
1338:Main article:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1293:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1265:
1204:Hafez al-Assad
1200:Hasan Turkmani
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:into the war.
1153:modus operandi
1135:
1134:
1127:
1125:
1118:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:Army personnel
1061:
1027:Hasan Turkmani
984:
981:
935:
932:
898:
895:
870:Main article:
867:
864:
805:Yom Kippur War
761:Hafez al-Assad
734:Adib Shishakli
730:Husni al-Za'im
726:military coups
717:
714:
646:French Mandate
641:
638:
636:
633:
540:
539:
534:
528:
527:
522:
518:
517:
513:
512:
355:
351:
350:
340:
336:
335:
329:
328:
325:
323:Percent of GDP
319:
318:
315:
309:
308:
304:
303:
296:
290:
289:
286:
282:
281:
278:
272:
271:
268:
264:
263:
259:
258:
243:
237:
236:
221:
213:
212:
197:
191:
190:
184:
183:
177:Umayyad Square
170:
164:
163:
142:
136:
135:
122:
118:
117:
104:
100:
99:
86:
80:
79:
76:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6998:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6952:
6947:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6920:Islamic State
6918:
6917:
6915:
6913:
6909:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6893:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6865:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6755:
6753:
6751:
6747:
6743:
6735:
6730:
6728:
6723:
6721:
6716:
6715:
6712:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6672:
6668:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6646:South Ossetia
6644:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6634:
6630:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6372:
6363:
6358:
6356:
6351:
6349:
6344:
6343:
6340:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6319:
6315:
6312:
6308:
6307:
6303:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6250:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6228:
6224:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6142:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6094:
6088:
6086:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6042:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5987:
5984:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5962:
5958:
5955:
5951:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5917:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5900:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5799:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5760:
5754:
5753:Syrian Desert
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5733:Golan Heights
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5653:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5624:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5579:
5572:
5571:Ottoman Syria
5569:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5555:
5552:
5549:
5548:Ayyubid Syria
5546:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5516:Fatimid Syria
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5417:Aram-Damascus
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5359:Ancient Syria
5356:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5329:Halaf culture
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5268:
5263:
5261:
5256:
5254:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5234:
5230:
5225:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5084:
5081:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5032:
5027:
5025:
5020:
5018:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4989:
4988:Arab Decision
4985:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4893:
4889:
4883:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4798:. Routledge.
4797:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4678:9781032508955
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4647:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4623:
4620:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4584:
4581:
4577:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4537:
4534:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4504:
4501:
4485:
4478:
4472:
4469:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4439:
4436:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4406:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4370:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4351:
4339:
4335:
4328:
4325:
4313:
4306:
4303:
4298:
4294:
4287:
4284:
4272:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4246:
4240:
4237:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4187:
4184:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4144:
4141:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4069:
4066:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4044:
4041:
4029:
4025:
4018:
4015:
4010:
4008:9780190874872
4004:
4000:
3993:
3990:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3952:
3949:
3937:
3933:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3894:
3882:
3878:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3839:
3835:
3828:
3825:
3813:
3809:
3802:
3799:
3787:
3783:
3776:
3773:
3761:
3757:
3750:
3747:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3705:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3640:on 3 May 2011
3639:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3546:
3534:on 1 May 2011
3533:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3338:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3217:
3204:
3185:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3153:
3150:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3003:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2975:
2972:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2943:
2940:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2910:
2907:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2857:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2816:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2731:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2713:90-247-3247-6
2709:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2665:90-247-3247-6
2661:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2617:90-247-3247-6
2613:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2530:90-247-3247-6
2526:
2522:
2521:
2514:
2511:
2506:
2504:9780271016801
2500:
2496:
2489:
2486:
2481:
2474:
2471:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2408:, p. 72.
2407:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2252:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2072:
2069:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1864:public domain
1852:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1688:
1685:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1605:Baqir Brigade
1603:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1193:Mustafa Tlass
1190:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1072:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1031:Assef Shawkat
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1016:Riad al-Asaad
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
999:
989:
982:
980:
978:
974:
969:
967:
966:Sergei Lavrov
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
941:
934:Modernisation
933:
931:
929:
925:
921:
916:
912:
908:
904:
903:Hama massacre
896:
894:
892:
887:
883:
879:
873:
865:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
846:A year after
844:
842:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
806:
800:
798:
794:
790:
789:Golan Heights
786:
781:
778:
774:
770:
769:Amin al-Hafiz
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
715:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
639:
634:
632:
630:
629:draft dodging
626:
622:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
564:
555:
551:
547:
538:
535:
533:
529:
526:
523:
519:
514:
511:
499:
487:
475:
463:
451:
439:
427:
415:
403:
391:
379:
367:
356:
352:
344:
341:
337:
334:
330:
326:
324:
320:
316:
314:
310:
305:
301:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
260:
257:
254:
244:
242:
238:
235:
232:
222:
219:
214:
211:
208:
198:
196:
192:
189:
185:
182:
178:
174:
171:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
143:
141:
137:
123:
119:
105:
101:
96:
87:
85:
81:
74:
69:
62:
57:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6950:
6842:
6828:Saudi Arabia
6603:Turkmenistan
6577:
6563:Saudi Arabia
6240:Coat of arms
6162:Demographics
6062:Central Bank
5943: /
5904:High council
5887:Human rights
5814:Constitution
5692:Governorates
5590:Arab kingdom
5582:Modern Syria
5554:Mamluk Syria
5482:
5196:Paramilitary
5151:Intelligence
5066:
4987:
4924:
4906:. Retrieved
4897:
4871:
4848:Bantam Books
4843:
4817:
4795:
4772:
4732:
4698:
4639:
4622:
4610:. Retrieved
4590:
4583:
4554:. Retrieved
4545:
4536:
4524:. Retrieved
4513:
4503:
4491:. Retrieved
4471:
4459:. Retrieved
4448:
4438:
4426:. Retrieved
4422:the original
4408:
4396:. Retrieved
4376:
4369:
4361:
4353:
4343:21 September
4341:. Retrieved
4337:
4327:
4315:. Retrieved
4305:
4296:
4286:
4274:. Retrieved
4249:. Retrieved
4239:
4227:. Retrieved
4217:
4205:. Retrieved
4196:
4186:
4174:. Retrieved
4165:
4155:
4143:
4131:. Retrieved
4124:
4115:
4103:
4091:
4079:
4068:
4054:
4043:
4031:. Retrieved
4027:
4017:
3998:
3992:
3980:. Retrieved
3962:
3951:
3941:20 September
3939:. Retrieved
3935:
3910:. Retrieved
3906:
3896:
3884:. Retrieved
3880:
3870:
3841:. Retrieved
3837:
3827:
3815:. Retrieved
3811:
3801:
3789:. Retrieved
3785:
3775:
3763:. Retrieved
3759:
3749:
3737:. Retrieved
3733:
3708:. Retrieved
3672:. Retrieved
3668:the original
3663:
3654:
3642:. Retrieved
3638:the original
3627:
3618:
3608:14 September
3606:. Retrieved
3592:
3586:. June 2019.
3578:
3566:. Retrieved
3557:
3548:
3536:. Retrieved
3532:the original
3527:
3482:. Retrieved
3473:
3464:
3452:. Retrieved
3443:
3419:. Retrieved
3410:
3401:
3389:. Retrieved
3380:
3371:
3361:23 September
3359:. Retrieved
3350:
3340:
3328:. Retrieved
3320:The Guardian
3319:
3310:
3298:. Retrieved
3290:The Guardian
3289:
3280:
3268:. Retrieved
3259:
3250:
3238:. Retrieved
3224:
3203:cite journal
3191:. Retrieved
3171:
3152:
3140:. Retrieved
3132:The Guardian
3131:
3122:
3110:. Retrieved
3096:
3084:. Retrieved
3080:the original
3066:
3054:. Retrieved
3045:
3037:
3025:. Retrieved
3021:the original
3014:
3005:
2993:. Retrieved
2984:
2974:
2962:. Retrieved
2958:the original
2942:
2930:. Retrieved
2919:
2909:
2899:30 September
2897:. Retrieved
2886:
2877:
2866:
2856:
2848:the original
2843:
2830:
2818:
2806:. Retrieved
2802:the original
2792:
2780:. Retrieved
2770:
2758:. Retrieved
2754:
2744:
2702:
2696:
2654:
2648:
2606:
2600:
2575:
2571:
2561:
2519:
2513:
2494:
2488:
2473:
2461:. Retrieved
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2401:
2394:Pollack 2002
2389:
2382:Pollack 2002
2377:
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2332:the original
2322:
2280:
2254:
2242:. Retrieved
2233:
2207:. Retrieved
2197:
2189:the original
2184:
2175:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2129:
2117:. Retrieved
2071:
2059:. Retrieved
2054:
2045:
2033:. Retrieved
2029:
2020:
2011:
2001:
1975:. Retrieved
1928:. Retrieved
1919:
1910:
1898:. Retrieved
1884:
1869:
1856:
1830:8 March 1963
1823:
1814:
1794:NBC uniforms
1783:
1778:British Army
1771:
1727:
1711:Soviet Union
1708:
1668:
1580:– dissolved.
1555:
1548:
1525:In 1950 the
1524:
1493:
1467:
1424:
1420:border guard
1401:
1382:
1377:
1359:
1275:
1270:The assigned
1269:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1224:
1213:
1195:(right) and
1157:
1152:
1150:
1138:
1050:
1043:
1023:Dawoud Rajha
1020:
1009:
1003:
994:
970:
943:
900:
875:
845:
839:include the
817:
801:
782:
742:
719:
674:
666:Vichy French
658:World War II
643:
618:
549:
545:
543:
276:Conscription
168:Headquarters
121:Current form
94:
36:
6593:Timor Leste
6548:Philippines
6488:South Korea
6483:North Korea
6383:Afghanistan
6057:Agriculture
6014:air defense
5974:Nationalism
5634:(1950–1963)
5573:(1516–1918)
5556:(1260–1516)
5550:(1174–1260)
5447:Roman Syria
5339:Abu Hureyra
5334:Uruk period
5080:Syrian Navy
5073:Syrian Army
4930:Barry Rubin
4526:8 September
4493:8 September
4461:8 September
4428:8 September
4251:29 February
4229:29 February
4133:25 December
3629:China Daily
3330:16 December
3300:16 December
3240:23 December
3142:16 December
3112:3 September
3104:. CNN.com.
3056:17 December
2244:29 December
2153:Islam Times
1977:25 November
1719:North Korea
1527:Syrian Navy
1521:Syrian Navy
1515:Syrian Navy
1334:Syrian Army
1235:Syrian Army
1035:bomb attack
1014:he claimed
928:Kuwait City
854:during the
828:Arab League
785:Six-Day War
710:Circassians
685:gendarmerie
662:Free French
590:Syrian Navy
582:Syrian Army
426:North Korea
327:4.5% (2020)
307:Expenditure
6965:Categories
6886:Somaliland
6808:Mauritania
6742:Arab world
6613:Uzbekistan
6583:Tajikistan
6498:Kyrgyzstan
6478:Kazakhstan
6403:Bangladesh
6393:Azerbaijan
6275:television
6157:Censorship
6084:(currency)
5916:Parliament
5875:Iskandaron
5819:Corruption
5382:Canaanites
4958:0714682454
4950:0714652555
4934:Frank Cass
4928:edited by
4735:. London:
4701:. London:
4576:Sinai 1987
4556:4 December
4398:12 October
4096:Sinai 1987
4033:30 October
3982:4 December
3484:27 January
3454:22 October
3086:19 January
2987:. London.
2406:Seale 1990
2370:Sinai 1987
2353:Sinai 1987
2300:1372013483
2284:. London.
2259:Daily Star
2209:23 January
1853:References
1799:Respirator
1738:Soviet-era
1682:See also:
1617:Tribes of
1564:See also:
1261:Volunteers
948:fighters,
809:cease-fire
675:After the
625:desertions
572:) are the
188:Leadership
6930:Hezbollah
6902:Peshmerga
6876:Palestine
6694:Hong Kong
6661:Palestine
6573:Sri Lanka
6568:Singapore
6448:Indonesia
6217:Squatting
6192:refugees
6167:Education
6126:Transport
6067:Companies
6009:Air force
5986:Terrorism
5899:Judiciary
5860:Elections
5824:President
5728:Euphrates
5718:Al-Jazira
5702:Volcanoes
5687:Districts
5661:Geography
5638:Civil war
5628:(1946–50)
5620:(1930–46)
5614:(1925–30)
5608:(1922–25)
4942:1368-9541
4777:Routledge
4761:219628874
4753:1479-9022
4737:Routledge
4721:0459-7222
4703:Routledge
4687:0459-7222
4669:Routledge
4515:Bloomberg
4148:IISS 2022
4108:IISS 2022
4084:IISS 2022
3863:IISS 2019
3644:6 October
3502:IISS 2011
3381:Газета.Ru
2730:cite book
2682:cite book
2634:cite book
2584:0026-3141
2547:cite book
2308:cite book
1950:IISS 2023
1697:A Syrian
1661:rifle in
1628:As-Safira
1171:Structure
1141:Gazeta.ru
977:Hezbollah
962:Amur-1650
946:MiG-29SMT
843:(PLA)).
753:al-Kiswah
563:romanized
462:Venezuela
262:Personnel
6773:Djibouti
6641:Abkhazia
6588:Thailand
6543:Pakistan
6523:Mongolia
6518:Maldives
6513:Malaysia
6418:Cambodia
6327:Category
6287:Religion
6212:Scouting
6187:diaspora
6072:Industry
5996:Military
5941:national
5921:Speakers
5802:Politics
5711:Features
5377:Arameans
5367:Amorites
5298:Timeline
5278:articles
5233:Chemical
5054:Military
4975:Archived
4868:(1990).
4842:(1993).
4816:(2002).
4771:(2011).
4612:20 March
4606:Archived
4550:Archived
4520:Archived
4484:Archived
4455:Archived
4392:Archived
4207:24 March
4201:Archived
4176:24 March
4170:Archived
3976:Archived
3843:31 March
3817:14 April
3791:31 March
3765:31 March
3739:31 March
3710:31 March
3602:Archived
3562:Archived
3478:Archived
3448:Archived
3415:Archived
3385:Archived
3355:Archived
3324:Archived
3294:Archived
3264:Archived
3234:Archived
3184:Archived
3160:Archived
3136:Archived
3106:Archived
3050:Archived
2989:Archived
2926:Archived
2893:Archived
2755:NY Times
2722:12663376
2674:12663376
2626:12663376
2539:12663376
2463:20 March
2435:Archived
2431:Stratfor
2238:Archived
2185:refworld
2113:Archived
2035:10 April
1987:cite web
1930:24 March
1924:Archived
1894:Archived
1836:See also
1703:Gulf War
1659:MTs-116M
1630:Regiment
1621:Regiment
1500:aviation
1241:and the
1231:Alawites
1216:Damascus
1191:General
1160:Statista
1146:LifeNews
915:Gulf War
832:Sudanese
777:Alawites
773:Stratfor
510:Pakistan
390:Bulgaria
333:Industry
298:50,000 (
181:Damascus
6848:Tunisia
6833:Somalia
6813:Morocco
6798:Lebanon
6768:Comoros
6763:Bahrain
6758:Algeria
6618:Vietnam
6508:Lebanon
6438:Georgia
6398:Bahrain
6388:Armenia
6311:Outline
6292:Smoking
6245:Cuisine
6227:Culture
6145:Society
6045:Economy
5762:Related
5748:Orontes
5677:Borders
5286:History
5208:Shabiha
5200:militia
4990:project
4908:3 March
4650:YouTube
4633:YouTube
4317:3 March
4276:20 June
4126:Reuters
3912:17 July
3886:25 June
3881:Twitter
3838:Twitter
3812:Twitter
3786:Twitter
3760:Twitter
3734:Twitter
3568:29 June
3528:Reuters
3411:Life.ru
3260:Reuters
3046:Reuters
3027:18 July
3016:Reuters
2995:18 July
2964:26 June
2932:24 June
2592:4329721
1689:Weapons
1669:As the
1498:is the
1350:Type 56
1264:return.
1130:173,000
1112:110,000
1098:320,000
1089:100,000
1080:220,000
958:Yak-130
747:of the
635:History
608:is the
576:of the
565::
521:History
498:Vietnam
378:Belarus
366:Armenia
288:170,000
207:Marshal
129: (
111: (
103:Founded
52:
6951:italic
6793:Kuwait
6788:Jordan
6656:Taiwan
6598:Turkey
6558:Russia
6493:Kuwait
6473:Jordan
6463:Israel
6428:Cyprus
6413:Brunei
6408:Bhutan
6235:Anthem
6182:People
6177:Hunger
6172:Health
6082:Pound
5784:Levant
5743:Hermon
5738:Hauran
5697:Rivers
5682:Cities
5592:(1920)
5412:Ugarit
5397:Yamhad
5276:
5045:Syrian
4956:
4948:
4940:
4884:
4854:
4828:
4802:
4783:
4759:
4751:
4719:
4709:
4685:
4675:
4598:
4384:
4005:
3674:21 May
3421:20 May
3391:20 May
3270:2 July
3193:3 July
2954:Maariv
2808:23 May
2782:23 May
2760:23 May
2720:
2710:
2672:
2662:
2624:
2614:
2590:
2582:
2537:
2527:
2501:
2338:21 May
2298:
2288:
2119:26 May
2061:10 May
1900:7 June
1866:.
1786:lizard
1723:Scud-D
1721:, and
1715:Scud-C
1637:Nayrab
1619:Manbij
1532:Osa II
1457:, the
1429:, the
1393:Israel
1385:Russia
1121:63,000
905:, the
848:Israel
757:Qatana
702:Druzes
698:Alawis
677:Allied
604:, the
554:Arabic
507:
495:
483:
471:
459:
450:Russia
447:
435:
423:
411:
399:
387:
375:
363:
345:(CERS)
313:Budget
6925:Hamas
6858:Yemen
6843:Syria
6838:Sudan
6823:Qatar
6803:Libya
6778:Egypt
6699:Macau
6623:Yemen
6578:Syria
6553:Qatar
6533:Nepal
6468:Japan
6443:India
6433:Egypt
6318:Index
6282:Music
6270:State
6265:Media
6255:Films
6200:women
5477:(636)
5402:Qatna
5344:Aswad
5274:Syria
4757:S2CID
4658:Notes
4487:(PDF)
4480:(PDF)
3538:5 May
3187:(PDF)
3180:(PDF)
2588:JSTOR
2441:9 May
1766:AK-47
1663:Jobar
1227:Sunni
1106:2014
1074:2011
1060:Year
706:Kurds
532:Ranks
402:China
302:+LDF)
84:Motto
6818:Oman
6783:Iraq
6538:Oman
6503:Laos
6458:Iraq
6453:Iran
6260:Flag
6249:wine
6021:Navy
6004:Army
5892:LGBT
5851:list
5829:list
5407:Mari
5392:Ebla
4954:ISBN
4946:ISBN
4938:ISSN
4910:2023
4882:ISBN
4852:ISBN
4826:ISBN
4800:ISBN
4781:ISBN
4749:ISSN
4717:ISSN
4707:ISBN
4683:ISSN
4673:ISBN
4614:2013
4596:ISBN
4558:2012
4528:2011
4495:2011
4463:2011
4430:2011
4400:2015
4382:ISBN
4345:2023
4319:2020
4278:2021
4253:2024
4231:2024
4209:2018
4178:2018
4135:2022
4035:2018
4003:ISBN
3984:2016
3943:2022
3914:2022
3888:2023
3845:2024
3819:2024
3793:2024
3767:2024
3741:2024
3712:2024
3676:2020
3646:2012
3610:2011
3570:2015
3540:2011
3486:2019
3456:2014
3423:2016
3393:2016
3363:2014
3332:2016
3302:2016
3272:2017
3242:2013
3216:help
3195:2012
3144:2016
3114:2013
3088:2013
3058:2012
3029:2012
2997:2012
2966:2012
2934:2012
2901:2008
2810:2021
2784:2021
2762:2021
2736:link
2718:OCLC
2708:ISBN
2688:link
2670:OCLC
2660:ISBN
2640:link
2622:OCLC
2612:ISBN
2580:ISSN
2553:link
2535:OCLC
2525:ISBN
2499:ISBN
2465:2014
2443:2011
2340:2020
2314:link
2296:OCLC
2286:ISBN
2246:2014
2211:2022
2121:2019
2063:2024
2037:2024
1993:link
1979:2023
1932:2018
1902:2013
1494:The
1461:and
1449:and
1410:and
1389:Iran
1387:and
755:and
708:and
644:The
627:and
550:SAAF
544:The
486:Laos
474:Cuba
438:Iraq
414:Iran
253:Gen.
231:Gen.
131:1971
124:1971
113:1946
106:1946
4741:doi
4648:on
4631:on
1788:or
1416:5th
1412:3rd
1408:2nd
1404:1st
918:in
820:PLO
672:.
300:NDF
280:Yes
6967::
4952:;
4944:.
4880:.
4876:.
4850:.
4846:.
4824:.
4820:.
4779:.
4775:.
4755:.
4747:.
4739:.
4715:.
4705:.
4681:.
4671:.
4604:.
4566:^
4544:.
4518:.
4512:.
4453:.
4447:.
4416:.
4390:.
4336:.
4295:.
4261:^
4199:.
4195:.
4168:.
4164:.
4123:.
4026:.
3970:.
3934:.
3922:^
3905:.
3879:.
3853:^
3836:.
3810:.
3784:.
3758:.
3732:.
3720:^
3684:^
3662:.
3632:.
3626:.
3560:.
3556:.
3526:.
3509:^
3494:^
3472:.
3442:.
3431:^
3409:.
3383:.
3379:.
3353:.
3349:.
3318:.
3288:.
3258:.
3207::
3205:}}
3201:{{
3130:.
3074:.
3048:.
3013:.
2983:.
2924:.
2918:.
2885:.
2865:.
2842:.
2753:.
2732:}}
2728:{{
2716:.
2684:}}
2680:{{
2668:.
2636:}}
2632:{{
2620:.
2586:.
2576:56
2574:.
2570:.
2549:}}
2545:{{
2533:.
2433:.
2429:.
2413:^
2360:^
2310:}}
2306:{{
2294:.
2266:^
2232:.
2219:^
2183:.
2151:.
2111:.
2082:^
2053:.
2028:.
2010:.
1989:}}
1985:{{
1957:^
1940:^
1922:.
1918:.
1873:.
1832:.
1748:.
1445:,
1406:,
956:,
952:,
862:.
815:.
704:,
700:,
592:,
588:,
584:,
560:,
556::
552:;
270:18
179:,
175:,
6733:e
6726:t
6719:v
6361:e
6354:t
6347:v
6251:)
6247:(
5266:e
5259:t
5252:v
5235:)
5231:(
5198:/
5030:e
5023:t
5016:v
4912:.
4890:.
4860:.
4834:.
4808:.
4789:.
4763:.
4743::
4723:.
4689:.
4616:.
4560:.
4530:.
4497:.
4465:.
4432:.
4402:.
4347:.
4321:.
4299:.
4280:.
4255:.
4233:.
4211:.
4180:.
4137:.
4062:.
4037:.
4011:.
3986:.
3945:.
3916:.
3890:.
3847:.
3821:.
3795:.
3769:.
3743:.
3714:.
3678:.
3648:.
3612:.
3572:.
3542:.
3488:.
3458:.
3425:.
3395:.
3365:.
3334:.
3304:.
3274:.
3244:.
3218:)
3214:(
3197:.
3146:.
3116:.
3090:.
3060:.
3031:.
2999:.
2968:.
2936:.
2903:.
2871:.
2812:.
2786:.
2764:.
2738:)
2724:.
2690:)
2676:.
2642:)
2628:.
2594:.
2555:)
2541:.
2507:.
2467:.
2445:.
2384:.
2372:.
2342:.
2316:)
2302:.
2248:.
2213:.
2123:.
2065:.
2039:.
2014:.
1995:)
1981:.
1934:.
1904:.
1877:.
1705:.
548:(
133:)
115:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.