SATA - Knowledge

1116: 911: 1741: 1729: 353: 2236: 2300: 2382: 1556: 253: 2415: 1115: 1540: 2292: 1129: 1799: 2542: 2498: 1791: 310:, more commonly known as the IBM AT. The IBM AT's controller interface became a de facto industry interface for the inclusion of hard disks. "AT" was IBM's abbreviation for "Advanced Technology"; thus, many companies and organizations indicate SATA is an abbreviation of "Serial Advanced Technology Attachment". However, the ATA specifications simply use the name "AT Attachment", to avoid possible trademark issues with IBM. 1104: 1955:

traffic and device power are integrated in a single cable, as is the case with USB but not eSATA. The 5 V power is provided through two USB pins, while the 12 V power may optionally be provided. Typically desktop, but not notebook, computers provide 12 V power, so can power devices requiring this voltage, typically 3.5-inch disk and CD/DVD drives, in addition to 5 V devices such as 2.5-inch drives.

7395: 6824: 1989: 3212: 94: 1347: 1419:. Relevant definitions of pin operation have changed multiple times in published revisions of SATA standard, so the observed behavior may be dependent on device version, host version, firmware and software configuration. There is also a specification for transmission of drive temperature and other status values with activity signal pulses routinely used to make LED blink. 45: 241: 1947: 1070:, in comparison, connect one motherboard socket to one or two hard drives, carry either 40 or 80 wires, and are limited to 45 centimeters (18 in) in length by the PATA specification; however, cables up to 90 centimeters (35 in) are readily available. Thus, SATA connectors and cables are easier to fit in closed spaces and reduce obstructions to 1783: 373:; that is, devices that meet the specification are capable of insertion or removal of a device into or from a backplane connector (combined signal and power) that has power on. After insertion, the device initializes and then operates normally. Depending upon the operating system, the host may also initialize, resulting in a 543: 1085:, which is due to electrical coupling between data circuits and other circuits. As a result, the data circuits can both affect other circuits and be affected by them. Designers use a number of techniques to reduce the undesirable effects of such unintentional coupling. One such technique used in SATA links is 1810:

standing for external) provides a variant of SATA meant for external connectivity. It uses a more robust connector, longer shielded cables, and stricter (but backward-compatible) electrical standards. The protocol and logical signaling (link/transport layers and above) are identical to internal SATA.

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Standard SATA connectors for both data and power have a conductor pitch of 1.27 mm (0.050 inches). Low insertion force is required to mate a SATA connector. A smaller mini-SATA or mSATA connector is used by smaller devices such as 1.8-inch SATA drives, some DVD and Blu-ray drives, and mini SSDs.

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Command Duration Limit Features: reduces latency by allowing the host to define quality of service categories, giving the host more granularity in controlling command properties. The feature helps align SATA with the "Fast Fail" requirements established by the Open Compute Project (OCP) and specified

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All SATA data cables meeting the SATA spec are rated for 3.0 Gbit/s and handle modern mechanical drives without any loss of sustained and burst data transfer performance. However, high-performance flash-based drives can exceed the SATA 3 Gbit/s transfer rate; this is addressed with the SATA

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Instead of the otherwise usual approach of doubling the native speed of the SATA interface, PCI Express was selected for achieving data transfer speeds greater than 6 Gbit/s. It was concluded that doubling the native SATA speed would take too much time, too many changes would be required to the

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Some SATA drives, in particular mechanical ones, come with an extra 4 or more pin interface which isn't uniformly standardized but nevertheless serves similar purpose defined by each drive manufacturer. As IDE drives used those extra pins for setting up Master and Slave drives, on SATA drives, those

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Pin 3 in SATA revision 3.3 has been redefined as PWDIS and is used to enter and exit the POWER DISABLE mode in line with SAS-3. If Pin 3 is driven HIGH (2.1–3.6 V max), power to the drive circuitry is cut. Drives with this feature enabled do not power up in systems designed to SATA revision 3.1

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uses a more complex bus than SATA, usually resulting in higher manufacturing costs. SCSI buses also allow connection of several drives on one shared channel, whereas SATA allows one drive per channel, unless using a port multiplier. Serial Attached SCSI uses the same physical interconnects as SATA,

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SATA connectors may be straight, right-angled, or left-angled. Angled connectors allow lower-profile connections. Right-angled (also called 90-degree) connectors lead the cable immediately away from the drive, on the circuit-board side. Left-angled (also called 270-degree) connectors lead the cable

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and high-priority interrupts. In addition, the standard continues to support distances up to one meter. The newer speeds may require higher power consumption for supporting chips, though improved process technologies and power management techniques may mitigate this. The later specification can use

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The common heritage of the ATA command set has enabled the proliferation of low-cost PATA to SATA bridge chips. Bridge chips were widely used on PATA drives (before the completion of native SATA drives) as well in standalone converters. When attached to a PATA drive, a device-side converter allows

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eases OS installation by not requiring that a specific driver be loaded during setup, but sacrifices support for some (vendor specific) features of SATA. Legacy Mode often if not always disables some of the boards' PATA or SATA ports, since the standard PATA controller interface supports only four

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Aimed at the consumer market, eSATA enters an external storage market served also by the USB and FireWire interfaces. The SATA interface has certain advantages. Most external hard-disk-drive cases with FireWire or USB interfaces use either PATA or SATA drives and "bridges" to translate between the

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hard disk drives and even to floppy disk drives that predated the IBM PC). It is a wafer-type connector, like the SATA data connector, but much wider (fifteen pins versus seven) to avoid confusion between the two. Some early SATA drives included the four-pin Molex power connector together with the

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SATA connectors on 2.5 and 3.5-inch hard drives, with data pins on the left and power pins on the right. The two different pin lengths ensure a specific mating order; the longer lengths are ground pins and make contact first. (The cable side has similar variations to achieve three levels of mating

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An eSATAp connector can be built into a computer with internal SATA and USB, by fitting a bracket with connections for internal SATA, USB, and power connectors and an externally accessible eSATAp port. Though eSATAp connectors have been built into several devices, manufacturers do not refer to an

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SCSI-3 devices with SCA-2 connectors are designed for hot swapping. Many server and RAID systems provide hardware support for transparent hot swapping. The designers of the SCSI standard prior to SCA-2 connectors did not target hot swapping, but in practice, most RAID implementations support hot

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SATA 3 Gbit/s theoretically offers a maximum bandwidth of 300 MB/s per device, which is only slightly lower than the rated speed for SCSI Ultra 320 with a maximum of 320 MB/s total for all devices on a bus. SCSI drives provide greater sustained throughput than multiple SATA drives

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SATA 3 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s are compatible with each other. Most devices that are only SATA 3 Gbit/s can connect with devices that are SATA 6 Gbit/s, and vice versa, though SATA 3 Gbit/s devices connect with SATA 6 Gbit/s devices only at the slower 3 Gbit/s

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The new Power Disable feature (similar to the SAS Power Disable feature) uses Pin 3 of the SATA power connector. Some legacy power supplies that provide 3.3 V power on Pin 3 would force drives with Power Disable feature to get stuck in a hard reset condition preventing them from spinning up. The

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eSATAp stands for powered eSATA. It is also known as Power over eSATA, Power eSATA, eSATA/USB Combo, or eSATA USB Hybrid Port (EUHP). An eSATAp port combines the four pins of the USB 2.0 (or earlier) port, the seven pins of the eSATA port, and optionally two 12 V power pins. Both SATA

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organization to prevent confusion with SATA II 3.0 Gbit/s, which was colloquially referred to as "SATA 3G" or "SATA 300" since the 1.5 Gbit/s SATA I and 1.5 Gbit/s SATA II were referred to as both "SATA 1.5G" or "SATA 150" ). Therefore, eSATA

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with future revisions of the SATA standard. To prevent interoperability problems that could occur when next generation SATA drives are installed on motherboards with standard legacy SATA 1.5 Gbit/s host controllers, many manufacturers have made it easy to switch those newer drives to the

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Prior to the final eSATA 6 Gbit/s specification many add-on cards and some motherboards advertised eSATA 6 Gbit/s support because they had 6 Gbit/s SATA 3.0 controllers for internal-only solutions. Those implementations are non-standard, and eSATA 6 Gbit/s requirements were

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to a SATA power connector, providing the 5 V and 12 V lines available on the Molex connector, but not 3.3 V. There are also four-pin Molex-to-SATA power adapters that include electronics to additionally provide the 3.3 V power supply. However, most drives do not require the

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During the initial period after SATA 1.5 Gbit/s finalization, adapter and drive manufacturers used a "bridge chip" to convert existing PATA designs for use with the SATA interface. Bridged drives have a SATA connector, may include either or both kinds of power connectors, and, in general,

2367:, formerly known as SFF-8639. Like M.2, it carries a PCI Express electrical signal, however U.2 uses a PCIe 3.0 ×4 link providing a higher bandwidth of 32 Gbit/s in each direction. In order to provide maximum backward compatibility the U.2 connector also supports SATA and multi-path SAS. 1396:

precharging. Ground pins 4 and 12 in a hot-swap cable are the longest, so they make contact first when the connectors are mated. Drive power connector pins 3, 7, and 13 are longer than the others, so they make contact next. The drive uses them to charge its internal bypass capacitors through

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Host signaling: If pulled down at the connector (as it is on most cable-style SATA power connectors), the drive spins up as soon as power is applied. If left floating, the drive waits until it is spoken to. This prevents many drives from spinning up simultaneously, which might draw too much

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SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s are compatible with each other. Most devices that are only SATA 1.5 Gbit/s can connect with devices that are SATA 6 Gbit/s, and vice versa, though SATA 1.5 Gbit/s devices only connect with SATA 6 Gbit/s devices at the slower

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current-limiting resistances. Finally, the remaining power pins make contact, bypassing the resistances and providing a low-resistance source of each voltage. This two-step mating process avoids glitches to other loads and possible arcing or erosion of the SATA power-connector contacts.

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The SATA standard defines a data cable with seven conductors (three grounds and four active data lines in two pairs) and 8 mm wide wafer connectors on each end. SATA cables can have lengths up to 1 meter (3.3 ft), and connect one motherboard socket to one hard drive. PATA

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Both USB and eSATA devices can be used with an eSATAp port, when plugged in with a USB or eSATA cable, respectively. An eSATA device cannot be powered via an eSATAp cable, but a special cable can make both SATA or eSATA and power connectors available from an eSATAp port.

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For small form-factor devices (such as external 2.5-inch disks), a PC-hosted USB or FireWire link can usually supply sufficient power to operate the device. However, eSATA connectors cannot supply power, and require a power supply for the external device. The related

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Samsung drives can be forced to 1.5 Gbit/s mode using software that may be downloaded from the manufacturer's website. Configuring some Samsung drives in this manner requires the temporary use of a SATA-2 (SATA 3.0 Gbit/s) controller while programming the

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Continued compatibility with SAS, including SAS 6 Gbit/s, as per "a SAS domain may support attachment to and control of unmodified SATA devices connected directly into the SAS domain using the Serial ATA Tunneled Protocol (STP)" from the SATA Revision 3.0 Gold

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for the legacy ATA specifications) uses a 16-bit wide data bus with many additional support and control signals, all operating at a much lower frequency. To ensure backward compatibility with legacy ATA software and applications, SATA uses the same basic ATA and

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Supported host controller interfaces and internally provided ports are a superset to those defined by the SATA Express interface. Essentially, the M.2 standard is a small form factor implementation of the SATA Express interface, with the addition of an internal

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Unlike PATA, both SATA and eSATA support hot plugging by design. However, this feature requires proper support at the host, device (drive), and operating-system levels. In general, SATA devices fulfill the device-side hot-plugging requirements, and most SATA

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Connectors and cables present the most visible differences between SATA and parallel ATA drives. Unlike PATA, the same connectors are used on 3.5-inch SATA hard disks (for desktop and server computers) and 2.5-inch disks (for portable or small computers).

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The micro SATA connector (sometimes called uSATA or μSATA) originated with SATA 2.6, and is intended for 1.8-inch hard disk drives. There is also a micro data connector, similar in appearance but slightly thinner than the standard data connector.

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and associated connectors. It replaces the mSATA standard, which uses the PCI Express Mini Card physical layout. Having a smaller and more flexible physical specification, together with more advanced features, the M.2 is more suitable for

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into account, the maximum uncoded transfer rate is 4.8 Gbit/s (600 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of SATA 6.0 Gbit/s is double that of SATA revision 2.0. It is backward compatible with earlier SATA implementations.

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scheme, equals to the maximum uncoded transfer rate of 2.4 Gbit/s (300 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of the SATA revision 2.0, which is also known as the SATA 3 Gbit/s, doubles the throughput of SATA revision 1.0.

828:(SMR) host-control support (device-controlled SMR HDDs are the same as standard CMR HDDs with respect to SATA compatibility). SMR provides a 25 percent or greater increase in hard disk drive capacity by overlapping tracks on the media. 2400:

Modern PC systems have SATA controllers built into the motherboard, typically featuring two to eight ports. Additional ports can be installed through add-in SATA host adapters (available in variety of bus-interfaces: USB, PCI, PCIe).

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Female SATA ports (on motherboards for example) are for use with SATA data cables that have locks or clips to prevent accidental unplugging. Some SATA cables have right- or left-angled connectors to ease connection to circuit boards.

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pins are generally used to select different Power modes for use in USB-SATA bridges or enables additional features like Spread Spectrum Clocking, SATA Speed Limit or Factory Mode for Diagnostics and Recovery, by the use of a jumper.

4896: 2393:, which allows a single SATA controller port to drive up to fifteen storage devices. The multiplier performs the function of a hub; the controller and each storage device is connected to the hub. This is conceptually similar to 2484:

chips) run at 3 Gbit/s, even though the PCI bus cannot reach 1.5 Gbit/s speeds. This can cause data corruption in operating systems that do not specifically test for this condition and limit the disk transfer speed.

1866:, may not operate through some USB or FireWire or USB+FireWire bridges; eSATA does not suffer from these issues provided that the controller manufacturer (and its drivers) presents eSATA drives as ATA devices, rather than as 415:(NCQ). If AHCI is not enabled by the motherboard and chipset, SATA controllers typically operate in "IDE emulation" mode, which does not allow access to device features not supported by the ATA (also called IDE) standard. 5530: 871:

Device Temperature Monitoring: allows for active monitoring of SATA device temperature and other conditions without impacting normal operation by utilizing the SFF-8609 standard for out-of-band (OOB) communications.

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storage devices. The host connector is backward compatible with the standard 3.5-inch SATA data connector, allowing up to two legacy SATA devices to connect. At the same time, the host connector provides up to two

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drives' interfaces and the enclosures' external ports; this bridging incurs some inefficiency. Some single disks can transfer 157 MB/s during real use, about four times the maximum transfer rate of USB 2.0 or

1728: 5620: 625:(SATA-IO) presented the draft specification of SATA 6 Gbit/s physical layer in July 2008, and ratified its physical layer specification on August 18, 2008. The full 3.0 standard was released on May 27, 2009. 2348:(PCBs) can be manufactured. While mSATA took advantage of the existing PCI Express Mini Card form factor and connector, M.2 has been designed to maximize usage of the card space, while minimizing the footprint. 1385:

To reduce resistance and increase current capability, each voltage is supplied by three pins in parallel, though one pin in each group is intended for precharging (see below). Each pin should be able to carry

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The eSATA connector is mechanically different to prevent unshielded internal cables from being used externally. The eSATA connector discards the L-shaped key and changes the position and size of the guides.

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SATA 2 connectors on a computer motherboard, all but two with cables plugged in. Note that there is no visible difference, other than the labeling, between SATA 1, SATA 2, and SATA 3 cables and connectors.

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could transfer data at maximum (not average) rates of up to 157 MB/s, which is beyond the capabilities of the older PATA/133 specification and also exceeds the capabilities of SATA 1.5 Gbit/s.

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Released in July 2020, SATA revision 3.5 introduces features that enable increased performance benefits and promote greater integration of SATA devices and products with other industry I/O standards:

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because of disconnect-reconnect and aggregating performance. In general, SATA devices link compatibly to SAS enclosures and adapters, whereas SCSI devices cannot be directly connected to a SATA bus.

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connections operate with negligible differences between them. Once an interface can transfer data as fast as a drive can handle them, increasing the interface speed does not improve data transfer.

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Released in June 2018, SATA revision 3.4 introduced the following features that enable monitoring of device conditions and execution of housekeeping tasks, both with minimal impact on performance:

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interface, but the interfaces are electrically incompatible; the data signals (TX±/RX± SATA, PETn0 PETp0 PERn0 PERp0 PCI Express) need a connection to the SATA host controller instead of the

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conductors, with multiple ground connections, for each differential pair improves isolation between the channels and reduces the chances of lost data in difficult electrical environments.

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A special eSATA connector is specified for external devices, and an optionally implemented provision for clips to hold internal connectors firmly in place. SATA drives may be plugged into

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Seagate/Maxtor has added a user-accessible jumper-switch, known as the "force 150", to enable the drive switch between forced 1.5 Gbit/s and 1.5/3 Gbit/s negotiated operation.

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Mini-SATA (abbreviated as mSATA), which is distinct from the micro connector, was announced by the Serial ATA International Organization on September 21, 2009. Applications include

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SATA was announced in 2000 in order to provide several advantages over the earlier PATA interface such as reduced cable size and cost (seven conductors instead of 40 or 80), native

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or earlier, because Pin 3 driven HIGH prevents the drive from powering up. The workaround is to use a Molex adapter without 3.3 V or to put insulating tape over the PWDIS pin.

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feature (see PWDIS pin) allows for remote power cycling of SATA drives and a Rebuild Assist function that speeds up the rebuild process to help ease maintenance in the data center.

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SATA uses a point-to-point architecture. The physical connection between a controller and a storage device is not shared among other controllers and storage devices. SATA defines

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The "force 150" switch (or equivalent) is also useful for attaching SATA 3 Gbit/s hard drives to SATA controllers on PCI cards, since many of these controllers (such as the

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As M.2 form factor, described below, achieved much larger popularity, SATA Express is considered as a failed standard and dedicated ports quickly disappeared from motherboards.

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Revision 1.0a was released on January 7, 2003. First-generation SATA interfaces, now known as SATA 1.5 Gbit/s, communicate at a rate of 1.5 Gbit/s, and do not support

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Defined Ordered NCQ Commands: allows the host to specify the processing relationships among queued commands and sets the order in which commands are processed in the queue.

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Device Transmit Emphasis for Gen 3 PHY: aligns SATA with other characteristics of other I/O measurement solutions to help SATA-IO members with testing and integration.

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The market has produced powered enclosures for both PATA and SATA drives that interface to the PC through USB, Firewire or eSATA, with the restrictions noted above.

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buses, making it possible for both types of storage devices to coexist. By employing PCI Express, a much higher theoretical throughput of 1969 MB/s is possible.

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could add an eSATA HBA. With passive adapters, the maximum cable length is reduced to 1 meter (3.3 ft) due to the absence of compliant eSATA signal-levels.

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Disk-based memory (hard drives), solid state disk devices such as USB drives, DVD-based storage, bit rates, bus speeds, and network speeds, are specified using

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mode, or a mode provided by a proprietary driver and command set that allowed access to SATA's advanced features before AHCI became popular. Modern versions of

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Windows device drivers that are labeled as SATA are often running in IDE emulation mode unless they explicitly state that they are AHCI mode, in

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As of August 2017 few new computers have dedicated external SATA (eSATA) connectors, with USB3 dominating and USB3 Type C, often with the

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to save space. By combining the data signals and power lines into a slim connector that effectively enables direct connection to the device's

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Drive signaling: The pin is also pulled low by the drive to indicate drive activity. This may be used to give feedback to the user through an

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Transmitter Emphasis Specification increases interoperability and reliability between host and devices in electrically demanding environments.

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to FCC and CE requirements. Internal cables do not need the extra shield to satisfy EMI requirements because they are inside a shielded case.

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A 7 mm optical disk drive profile for the slimline SATA connector (in addition to the existing 12.7 mm and 9.5 mm profiles).

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Before SATA's introduction in 2000, PATA was simply known as ATA. The "AT Attachment" (ATA) name originated after the 1984 release of the

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Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.

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Many motherboards offer a "Legacy Mode" option, which makes SATA drives appear to the OS like PATA drives on a standard controller. This

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alternate mode, starting to replace the earlier USB connectors. Still sometimes present are single ports supporting both USB3 and eSATA.

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An activity indicator and staggered spin-up can be controlled by the same pin, adding flexibility and providing users with more choices.

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Durable/Ordered Write Notification: enables writing selected critical cache data to the media, minimizing impact on normal operations.

400: 389: 4490: 3866: 2220:(PCB) without additional space-consuming connectors, SFF-8784 allows further internal layout compaction for portable devices such as 6354: 5291: 4751: 3563: 2445: 1924:(HBA); if the motherboard supports SATA, an externally available eSATA connector can be added. Notebook computers with the now rare 352: 5033: 6452: 658:

An NCQ management feature that helps optimize performance by enabling host processing and management of outstanding NCQ commands.

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Pin 11 might be used (often by chassis or backplane hardware independent from SATA host controller and its data connection) for

6851: 4607: 4436: 4300: 3919:"SATA-IO Completes SATA Revision 2.5 Integrated Spec; Slimline Connector Spec and Interoperability Program Plans Also Released" 688: 4380: 4013: 7365: 6886: 6244: 5178: 4921: 3478:"Seagate, APT and Vitesse Unveil the First Serial ATA Disc Drive at Intel Developer Forum", Seagate Technology, Aug. 22, 2000 5149: 4848: 1378:

3.3 V is supplied along with the traditional 5 V and 12 V supplies. However, very few drives actually use it.

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the PATA drive to function as a SATA drive. Host-side converters allow a motherboard PATA port to connect to a SATA drive.

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Device Sleep Signal Timing: provides additional definition to enhance compatibility between manufacturers’ implementations.

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controllers and communicate on the same physical cable as native SAS disks, but SATA controllers cannot handle SAS disks.

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The power connector is reduced to six pins so it supplies only +5 V (red wire), and not +12 V or +3.3 V.

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One of the problems associated with the transmission of data at high speed over electrical connections is described as

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reduces thickness of Universal Storage Module (USM) from 14.5 millimeters (0.57 inches) to 9 millimeters (0.35 inches).

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market, hence there is a view that they are less reliable. As those two worlds overlapped, the subject of reliability

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ratified in the July 18, 2011 SATA 3.1 specification. Some products might not be fully eSATA 6 Gbit/s compliant.

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SATA standard, and would result in a much greater power consumption when compared to the existing PCI Express bus.

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Pin 1 of the slimline power connector, denoting device presence, is shorter than the others to allow hot-swapping.

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of 1.2 Gbit/s (150 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of SATA 1.5 Gbit/s is similar to that of

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Second-generation SATA interfaces run with a native transfer rate of 3.0 Gbit/s that, when accounted for the

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cards with a SATA connector exist that allow SATA drives to connect to legacy systems without SATA connectors.

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standard is a small form factor implementation of the SATA Express interface, with the addition of an internal

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The eSATA insertion depth is deeper: 6.6 mm instead of 5 mm. The contact positions are also changed.

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The eSATA connector has a design-life of 5,000 matings; the ordinary SATA connector is only specified for 50.

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2.5-inch SATA drive on top of a 3.5-inch SATA drive, close-up of data and power connectors. Also visible are

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do not. Even in those instances, a proprietary driver may have been created for a specific chipset, such as

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where the better performance justifies the additional cost. Inexpensive ATA and SATA drives evolved in the

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The eSATA version of SATA 6G operates at 6.0 Gbit/s (the term "SATA III" is avoided by the

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in the specification document. The standard is marketed as Serial ATA, but SATA is the most common name.

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lanes as a pure PCI Express connection to the storage device, allowing bandwidths of up to 2 GB/s.

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nForce drivers for Windows Vista. In those cases SATA drives do not have low-level features accessible.

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The world's first SATA hard disk drive is the Seagate Barracuda SATA V, which was released in Jan 2003.

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storage applications in general, especially when used in small devices such as ultrabooks or tablets.

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The eSATA cable and connector is similar to the SATA 1.0a cable and connector, with these exceptions:

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to force 1.5 Gbit/s data transfer speed (OPT1 is enabled by putting the jumper on pins 5 and 6).

2256:, initially standardized in the SATA 3.2 specification, is an interface that supports either SATA or 2240: 1350:

A fifteen-pin SATA power connector (This particular connector is missing the orange 3.3 V wire.)

931: 737: 711: 323: 300: 144: 5116: 7421: 7093: 6987: 6966: 6951: 6946: 6936: 6556: 6111: 3515: 665: 551: 480: 202: 3622: 7140: 7098: 6100: 3802:"Western Digital's Raptor WD740GD SATA hard drive: Single-user performance, multi-user potential" 3217: 2607: 2344:

The M.2 standard is designed as a revision and improvement to the mSATA standard, so that larger

652: 574:

Announced in August 2005, SATA revision 2.5 consolidated the specification to a single document.

5266: 3676: 2291: 798:

enables lower power consumption for always-on devices while they are in low-power modes such as

303:(SAS). The remainder of this article strives to use the SATA-IO terminology and specifications. 7088: 6982: 6891: 6867: 6546: 6168: 6104: 5327:

Jim Handy; Jon Tanguy; Jaren May; David Akerson; Eden Kim; Tom Coughlin (September 20, 2014).

3757: 3559: 2338: 2005: 1798: 1750: 550:

SATA revision 2.0 was released in April 2004, introducing Native Command Queuing (NCQ). It is

423: 214: 7077:(bankrupt, assets sold to Toshiba, which later spun off its SSD and flash business to Kioxia) 5229:"Frequently Asked Questions About SATA 6 Gbit/s and the SATA Revision 3.0 Specification" 4316: 2591:

and most SAS HBAs also support 3 and 6 Gbit/s SATA devices (an HBA requires support for

2280:(NVMe) to be used as the logical device interface for connected PCI Express storage devices. 6956: 6931: 6901: 6279: 5963: 5715: 5641: 1921: 1401: 1290: 727:

Required Link Power Management, reduces overall system power demand of several SATA devices.

721: 628:

Third-generation SATA interfaces run with a native transfer rate of 6.0 Gbit/s; taking

403:(AHCI) is an open host controller interface published and used by Intel, which has become a 292: 3750:"Intel® Matrix Storage Technology - Unattended Installation Instructions Under Windows* XP" 2606:

SCSI, SAS, and fibre-channel (FC) drives are more expensive than SATA, so they are used in

2429:

At the application level, SATA devices can be specified to look and act like PATA devices.

7264: 7124: 7042: 7007: 6409: 6259: 6239: 6114: 5368: 4900: 4477: 4367: 4323: 4304: 3858: 3135: 2697: 2619: 2600: 2390: 2376: 2262: 2227:

Pins 1 to 10 are on the connector's bottom side, while pins 11 to 20 are on the top side.

1815:

Minimum transmit amplitude increased: Range is 500–600 mV instead of 400–600 mV.

1426: 1359: 1094: 853: 783: 683: 629: 558: 530: 511: 467: 206: 5302: 2426:) devices are completely incompatible: they cannot be interconnected without an adapter. 1818:

Minimum receive amplitude decreased: Range is 240–600 mV instead of 325–600 mV.

1586:

power connector targeted for smaller form-factors drives, such as laptop optical drives.

1790: 7282: 7170: 6710: 6404: 6329: 6254: 6158: 6133: 3706: 2333: 2213: 1405: 699:

Released in July 2011, SATA revision 3.1 introduced or changed the following features:

463: 2541: 2497: 1897:

Devices built before the eSATA interface became popular lack external SATA connectors.

7415: 7375: 7212: 6961: 6782: 6669: 6561: 6509: 6492: 6274: 6173: 6163: 6138: 5059: 3520:, Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association, 1994, xi (introduction)" 3281: 3186: 3173: 3089: 3066: 2615: 2481: 1871: 269: 210: 4297: 2625:

Use of serial ATA in the business market increased from 22% in 2006 to 28% in 2008.

1821:

Maximum cable length increased to 2 meters (6.6 ft) from 1 meter (3.3 ft).

7380: 7230: 6941: 6926: 6896: 6519: 6462: 6314: 6219: 4005: 2782: 2721: 2423: 2394: 2253: 2248: 1988: 1840:

The eSATA connector uses metal springs for shield contact and mechanical retention.

1734:

A 1.8-inch micro SATA hard drive with numbered data and power pins on the connector

1393: 1363: 1355: 1067: 947: 754: 519: 466:, e.g. "SATA-III", to avoid confusion with the speed, which is always displayed in 435: 382: 374: 370: 340:(CF) storage, which was designed around the legacy PATA standard. A 2008 standard, 337: 265: 218: 198: 194: 122: 5170: 4913: 4180: 2209:

Slim 2.5-inch SATA devices, 5 mm (0.20 inches) in height, use the twenty-pin

717:

Zero-power optical disk drive, a SATA optical drive that draws no power when idle.

272:

through higher signaling rates, and more efficient transfer through an (optional)

6056:

EETimes Serial ATA and the evolution in data storage technology, Mohamed A. Salem

5141: 1854:

and almost twice as fast as the maximum transfer rate of FireWire 800. The S3200

582:

Announced in February 2007, SATA revision 2.6 introduced the following features:

7340: 7279: 7224: 7218: 6787: 6766: 6689: 6684: 6529: 6467: 6442: 6369: 6153: 6148: 5199: 4772:

Chu, Frank (HGST); Frank, James (Seagate); Cox, Alvin (Seagate) (3 March 2014).

4381:"SATA-IO Rolls Out USM Slim Specification for Thinner, Lighter External Storage" 2277: 2257: 2016: 1983: 1929: 1071: 821:

Released in February 2016, SATA revision 3.3 introduced the following features:

758: 443: 5763: 4849:"Serial ATA Revision 3.2 Error Correction #089: DAS/DSS support clarifications" 4774:"SATA3.2 TPR056 Enable new Power Disable feature on standard SATA connector P3" 3728: 3211: 1346: 7235: 7165: 6881: 6640: 6339: 6128: 6027: 3207: 3105: 2611: 1851: 749:

Released in August 2013, SATA revision 3.2 introduced the following features:

687:

existing SATA cables and connectors, though it was reported in 2008 that some

447: 257: 245: 93: 5904:"USB Power Delivery v2.0 Specification Finalized - USB Gains Alternate Modes" 4873: 4643:"SATA-IO Increases Interoperability Features with Revision 3.5 Specification" 4360: 3353: 3.0 specification was released to hardware vendors on 17 November 2008. 2011:

The physical dimensions of the mSATA connector are identical to those of the

1862:

has a nominal speed of 5 Gbit/s. Some low-level drive features, such as

730:

Hardware Control Features, enable host identification of device capabilities.

655:

quality of service data transfers for streaming digital content applications.

7103: 7052: 6664: 6654: 6621: 6616: 6551: 6426: 6214: 6199: 6194: 5828:"Designing Serial ATA For Today's Applications and Tomorrow's Storage Needs" 4943:"Press release: SATA-IO ADVANCES TECHNOLOGY WITH THE SATA REVISION 2.6 SPEC" 4706: 4206:"Serial ATA International Organization: SATA Universal Storage Module (USM)" 4205: 3338: 3325: 3303: 2906: 2889: 2866: 2221: 2027: 2012: 799: 485: 5659: 5397: 4678:"Can I install a laptop 2.5" SATA drive on a desktop without any adapters?" 4411: 682:

In general, the enhancements are aimed at improving quality of service for

44: 1920:

Desktop computers without a built-in eSATA interface can install an eSATA

1374:

The new SATA power connector contains many more pins for several reasons:

1371:

new fifteen-pin connector, but most SATA drives now have only the latter.

7110: 7080: 6992: 6921: 6674: 6611: 6344: 6204: 3680: 3651: 2654: 2649: 2456:

The designers of SATA standard as an overall goal aimed for backward and

1855: 795: 495: 404: 333: 318: 288: 221:(PATA) standard to become the predominant interface for storage devices. 7119:'s NAND flash SSD business including controllers and renamed it Solidigm 1946: 1858:

1394b specification reaches around 400 MB/s (3.2 Gbit/s), and

1579:

Low-cost adapters exist to convert from standard SATA to slimline SATA.

240: 17: 7150: 7047: 6807: 6761: 6745: 6571: 6389: 6334: 6269: 6224: 5559: 5461: 5457: 5429: 4649: 4614: 4532: 4497: 4336: 4270: 4009: 3977: 1997: 1925: 1886: 1875: 1859: 1782: 1746: 769: 736:(USM), a new standard for cableless plug-in (slot) powered storage for 490: 471: 431: 408: 5716:"Windows: Install Serial ATA, EIDE, SSD Drive and Set Jumper Settings" 5589:"Intel SSD 530 Series Arriving Next Week – Feature NGFF M.2 Interface" 5080: 4824:"Serial ATA Revision 3.2 Technical Proposal #058: DAS/DSS/DHU Changes" 4041:(Press release). Serial ATA International Organization. May 27, 2009. 7160: 7069: 7011: 6836: 6740: 6631: 6606: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6399: 6289: 6249: 6209: 4069:"Serial ATA doubles data rate to 6 Gbit/s (EETimes news report)" 3648:"CFast CompactFlash cards now said to be coming in "18 to 24 months"" 3489: 3230: 2705: 2001: 1941: 1902: 1879: 1367: 475: 229: 134: 6725: 6636: 283:

Serial ATA industry compatibility specifications originate from the

224:

Serial ATA industry compatibility specifications originate from the

5753:

FIS-based switching is comparable to SCSI's tagged command queueing

5081:"Questions about the indicators of health/performance (in percent)" 317:

cable over two pairs of conductors. In contrast, parallel ATA (the

7330: 7309: 7292: 7269: 7116: 6998: 6735: 6626: 6566: 6504: 6477: 6359: 6309: 6234: 5298: 4608:"SATA-IO Expands Supported Features in Revision 3.4 Specification" 4491:"SATA-IO Expands Supported Features in Revision 3.3 Specification" 3753: 2413: 2380: 2298: 2290: 2234: 1987: 1945: 1797: 1789: 1781: 1776: 1345: 1109:

A seven-pin SATA data cable (left-angled version of the connector)

909: 541: 502:

SATA revision 1.0 (1.5 Gbit/s, 150 MB/s, Serial ATA-150)

451: 446:, include support for AHCI, but earlier operating systems such as 427: 351: 341: 251: 239: 5524:"AHCI and NVMe as Interfaces for SATA Express Devices – Overview" 1366:(PATA) devices (and earlier small storage devices, going back to 407:

standard. It allows the use of advanced features of SATA such as

7370: 7062: 7057: 6916: 6730: 6715: 6576: 6487: 6324: 5200:"Addonics Technology: Hybrid eSATA (eSATA USB hybrid) interface" 4579: 3971:"New SATA Spec Will Double Data Transfer Rates to 6 Gbit/s" 3518:

Information technology - AT Attachment Interface for Disk Drives

3035: 2587: 1867: 1408:

signal, which may be pulled down by the connector or the drive.

691:

were expected to upgrade host connectors for the higher speeds.

636:

The SATA 3.0 specification contains the following changes:

618:

SATA revision 3.0 (6 Gbit/s, 600 MB/s, Serial ATA-600)

542: 538:

SATA revision 2.0 (3 Gbit/s, 300 MB/s, Serial ATA-300)

462:

SATA revisions are typically designated with a dash followed by

419: 296: 6840: 6073: 4236:"New Universal Storage Module Promises to Evolve Portable Data" 2461:

previous standard's mode. Examples of such provisions include:

2295:

Size comparison of mSATA (left) and M.2 (size 2242, right) SSDs

1893:

There are some disadvantages, however, to the eSATA interface:

757:

specification defines an interface that combines both SATA and

356:

SATA 6 Gbit/s host controller, a PCI Express ×1 card with

7304: 7299: 7274: 7247: 7074: 6679: 6304: 6299: 5933:"USB 3.0 Protocol Analyzer Jumpstarts 4.8-Gbit/s I/O Projects" 5458:"Enabling Higher Speed Storage Applications with SATA Express" 2536: 2492: 2364: 2353: 2325: 2320: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2243:; to the right of them are common SATA connectors (dark gray). 2023: 1416: 1392:

Two ground pins and one pin for each supplied voltage support

1389:

Five parallel pins provide a low-resistance ground connection.

765: 332:

SATA has replaced parallel ATA in consumer desktop and laptop

273: 38: 786:

electrical interface for miniaturized, embedded SATA storage.

6026:. Tabor Publications & Events. p. 1. Archived from 5362:"SFF-8784 Edge Connector Pin Definitions: Information Sheet" 5034:"What Do The Jumper Pins On The Back Of Your Hard Drive Do?" 4914:"Serial ATA (SATA) power connector pinout and connections @" 4298:

Enabling Higher Speed Storage Applications with SATA Express

3554:

IBM PC And Clones: Hardware, Troubleshooting And Maintenance

313:

SATA host adapters and devices communicate via a high-speed

3558:. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. 2002. p. xxxi. 3429:. Serial ATA Working Group. January 7, 2003. Archived from 3258:. IBM did not specify a meaning for AT and neither did the 2437:

drives. (Often, which ports are disabled is configurable.)

1134:

SATA cable showing the two foil shielded differential pairs

6050: 4744:"Serial ATA (SATA, Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)" 953:

Standard connector, data segment, host side signal naming

668:(LIF) connector for more compact 1.8-inch storage devices. 3707:"Specification for some motherboard with eSATA connector" 1576:

connector used is the same as the non-slimline version.

4258: 4256: 856:

to SATA” power adaptor to supply power to these drives.

706:, for solid-state drives in mobile computing devices, a 529:

As of April 2010, the fastest 10,000 rpm SATA

369:

The Serial ATA spec requires SATA devices be capable of

5962:. 20 December 2012. p. 75 (4–4.11). Archived from 5926: 5924: 3721:"Serial ATA (SATA) Linux hardware/driver status report" 2553: 2509: 2385:

SATA topology: host (H), multiplier (M), and device (D)

1425:

Passive adapters are available that convert a four-pin

613:

Enhancements for robust reception of the Signature FIS.

175: 3949:. Serial ATA International Organization. p. 115. 3835:"VelociRaptor Returns: 6Gbit/s, 600GB, And 10,000 RPM" 3612:"Serial ATA: Meeting Storage Needs Today and Tomorrow" 3460:. Technical Committee T13 AT Attachment. March 1, 2011 526:

perform identically to their native-SATA equivalents.

5860: 5858: 4874:"SFF-8609: Management Interface for Drive Conditions" 3888:"SATA-IO COMPLETES SATA REVISION 2.5 INTEGRATED SPEC" 1582:

SATA 2.6 is the first revision that defined the

852:

problem can usually be eliminated by using a simple “

232:

Technical Committee T13, AT Attachment (INCITS T13).

5642:"U.2 connector SATA, SAS, PCI-e signals assignments" 3965: 3963: 3828: 3826: 7318: 7257: 7199: 7183: 7133: 7035: 7026: 6975: 6874: 6775: 6754: 6703: 6539: 6435: 6187: 6121: 4480:, Serial ATA International Organization, GuruHT.com 392:mode only. IDE mode does not support hot plugging. 280:of the specification was released in January 2003. 170: 158: 150: 140: 129: 118: 108: 100: 7001:'s NAND flash SSD business and renamed it Solidigm 4036:"SATA-IO Releases SATA Revision 3.0 Specification" 3457: 4977:"Understand the difference: micro-SATA vs. mSATA" 3772:"Difference between SATA I, SATA II and SATA III" 3420:"Serial ATA: High Speed Serialized AT Attachment" 1905:(but mechanically incompatible, sometimes called 1203:(3.3 V power, pre-charge prior to SATA 3.3) 5744:Ultra-640 is specified, but devices do not exist 4567: 4565: 4181:"HP Compaq Elite 8300 PC Product Specifications" 3490:"Intel IDF Report #2 - Serial ATA & USB 2.0" 2422:At the hardware interface level, SATA and PATA ( 2276:(AHCI), SATA Express also makes it possible for 724:Command, improves solid-state drive performance. 6422:Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI) 6051:Serial ATA International Organization (SATA-IO) 5959:Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 3.0 5356: 5354: 5352: 4971: 4969: 4799:"Device Activity Signal (DAS) Application Note" 4317:SATA-IO announces 16Gb/s SATA 3.2 specification 3859:"SATA-IO Specifications and Naming Conventions" 3677:"Pretec release CFast card with SATA interface" 1561:The back of a SATA-based slimline optical drive 1089:. This is an enhancement over PATA, which uses 894:in the INCITS T13 Technical Committee standard. 5889:16 cables can be daisy chained up to 72 m 5554: 5552: 5550: 5006:"Seagate® Laptop HDD SATA 2.5" Product Manual" 2239:Two SATA Express connectors (light gray) on a 1833:The eSATA cable has an extra shield to reduce 802:(which used to be known as Connected Standby). 6852: 6085: 4130:"SATA 3.1 specifications have been published" 4098:"SATA-IO Releases Revision 3.1 Specification" 3362:USB hubs can be daisy chained up to 25 m 2599:connected via a simple (i.e., command-based) 2468:Western Digital uses a jumper setting called 8: 5868:. Apple Developer Connection. Archived from 5866:"FireWire Developer Note: FireWire Concepts" 4444:What else is new in SATA specification v3.2? 4264:"SATA-IO Unveils Revision 3.2 Specification" 3833:Patrick Schmid and Achim Roos (2010-04-06). 3452: 3450: 2026:specification has superseded both mSATA and 601:Mini External Multilane cable and connector. 598:Mini Internal Multilane cable and connector. 344:, to replace CompactFlash is based on SATA. 86: 3380: 3378: 2797:5 V (only 2.5-inch drive 44-pin connector) 2533:SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s 2452:SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 3 Gbit/s 2418:PATA hard disk with SATA converter attached 514:overhead into account, they have an actual 7032: 6859: 6845: 6837: 6092: 6078: 6070: 2642: 2037: 776:section below for a more detailed summary. 27:Computer bus interface for storage devices 3938: 3936: 2489:SATA 3 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s 566:6 Gbit/s interoperability standard. 228:(SATA-IO) which are then released by the 5931:Frenzel, Louis E. (September 25, 2008). 5897: 5895: 5685:"A comparison with Ultra ATA Technology" 4471:First specifications leaked from SATA-IO 4370:, Serial ATA International Organization. 4307:, Serial ATA International Organization. 3606: 3604: 3458:"Technical Committee T13, AT Attachment" 3414: 3412: 3410: 2332:(NGFF), is a specification for computer 1794:SATA (left) and eSATA (right) connectors 1593: 1437: 1148: 951: 593:Micro connector (initially for 1.8” HDD) 388:For eSATA, hot plugging is supported in 69:of all important aspects of the article. 7191:List of solid-state drive manufacturers 3374: 3247: 1984:PCI Express § Mini-SATA (mSATA) variant 1724: 1535: 1099: 661:Improved power management capabilities. 640:6 Gbit/s for scalable performance. 586: 438:with version 2.6.19 onward, as well as 7427:Computer-related introductions in 2003 5378:from the original on February 26, 2015 3284:for k (1000), M (1000), G (1000), etc. 2878:100 m (more with special cables) 610:Enhancements to the BIST Activate FIS. 85: 65:Please consider expanding the lead to 7006:Flash Forward (joint venture between 5910:from the original on January 24, 2015 5726:from the original on 30 November 2022 3260:Serial ATA International Organization 2984:overhead, flow control, and framing) 2716:5 V, and, optionally, 12 V 2315:3.0 adapter and connected to computer 1295:direct head unload / vendor specific 1201:Enter/exit Power Disable (PWDIS) mode 623:Serial ATA International Organization 299:), a subgroup of T10 responsible for 285:Serial ATA International Organization 226:Serial ATA International Organization 7: 6020:"Optical Cables Light Up InfiniBand" 5793:"Fast Just Got Faster: SATA 6Gbit/s" 5115:. Silicon Image, Inc. Archived from 4526:"SATA-IO Frequently Asked Questions" 4016:from the original on 2 February 2013 3687:from the original on 25 October 2012 2987:2 m (Passive cable USB-IF Standard) 2958:1 m (Passive cable USB-IF Standard) 2935:1 m (Passive cable USB-IF Standard) 915: 592: 326:command sets as legacy ATA devices. 5987:"Infiniband Based Cable Comparison" 5935:. Electronic Design. Archived from 5902:Howse, Brett (September 17, 2014). 5488:"SATA Express: PCIe Client Storage" 4797:Samsung Electronics (26 May 2014). 3315:15 ns cycles, 16-bit transfers 2938:Yes 100 W, 5, 12 or 20 V 217:. Serial ATA succeeded the earlier 7207:Advanced Host Controller Interface 5614:"M.2 (NGFF) Quick Reference Guide" 5329:"SNIA Webcast: All About M.2 SSDs" 4573:"Power Disable Feature Tech Brief" 3337:10 Gbit/s raw bit rate, with 3324:20 Gbit/s raw bit rate, with 3302:16 Gbit/s raw bit rate, with 2687:1 m with passive SATA adapter 2405:Backward and forward compatibility 2274:Advanced Host Controller Interface 1439:Slimline connector, power segment 1150:Standard connector, power segment 1145:Standard power connector (15 pins) 1093:. The use of fully shielded, dual 1078:across the drive towards its top. 651:(NCQ) streaming command to enable 401:Advanced Host Controller Interface 396:Advanced Host Controller Interface 133:Half-duplex 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 25: 6018:Feldman, Michael (17 July 2007). 4048:from the original on 11 June 2009 3057: 2979: 2272:In addition to supporting legacy 2004:and other devices that require a 1870:devices, as has been common with 1434:Slimline power connector (6 pins) 7394: 7393: 6823: 6822: 4732:6.1.8 Internal single-lane cable 4128:Hilbert Hagedoorn (2011-07-20). 3956:from the original on 2014-10-06. 3929:from the original on 2017-11-10. 3210: 2540: 2496: 1739: 1727: 1554: 1538: 1127: 1114: 1102: 808:provides higher performance for 92: 43: 5844:from the original on 2011-11-01 5774:from the original on 2012-03-15 5666:from the original on 2014-08-25 5623:from the original on 2013-08-10 5595:from the original on 2013-09-05 5570:from the original on 2013-10-03 5536:from the original on 2013-10-05 5504:from the original on 2013-10-04 5468:from the original on 2014-02-07 5439:from the original on 2013-10-04 5404:from the original on 2013-08-09 5241:from the original on 2014-02-22 5210:from the original on 2011-10-30 5181:from the original on 2011-11-29 5152:from the original on 2011-11-04 5091:from the original on 2007-09-24 4955:from the original on 2017-08-29 4924:from the original on 2013-06-28 4894:Example of active power adapter 4713:from the original on 2009-09-25 4709:. The Tech Report. 2009-09-21. 4688:from the original on 2013-12-02 4659:from the original on 2020-07-19 4624:from the original on 2019-06-15 4589:from the original on 2016-11-21 4559:ATA/ATAPI Command Set 4 (ACS-4) 4542:from the original on 2016-12-26 4507:from the original on 2017-07-03 4453:from the original on 2013-10-04 4418:from the original on 2014-02-07 4393:from the original on 2014-02-22 4343:from the original on 2013-10-03 4280:from the original on 2016-03-04 4242:from the original on 2014-02-21 4216:from the original on 2011-11-01 4140:from the original on 2013-05-17 4110:from the original on 2014-02-22 3900:from the original on 2015-03-16 3869:from the original on 2012-08-29 3812:from the original on 2015-03-25 3658:from the original on 2009-03-03 3586:"Barracuda Serial ATA V Family" 3532:from the original on 2016-06-17 3083:126 (16,777,216 with switches) 2961:100 W, 5, 12 or 20 V 1595:Micro connector, power segment 57:may be too short to adequately 5985:Minich, Makia (25 June 2007). 5802:. May 27, 2009. Archived from 5486:Paul Wassenberg (2013-06-25). 5015:. January 2016. Archived from 3756:. 2 March 2007. Archived from 3646:Donald Melanson (2008-02-25). 2577:Comparison to other interfaces 67:provide an accessible overview 1: 6417:Intel Ultra Path Interconnect 4412:"SATA Enables Life Unplugged" 2620:became somewhat controversial 2593:Serial ATA Tunneling Protocol 1806:Standardized in 2004, eSATA ( 906:Cables, connectors, and ports 6395:Intel QuickPath Interconnect 6385:Direct Media Interface (DMI) 4983:. 2013-02-23. Archived from 4872:SNIA SFF TWG (7 July 2017). 4165:. 1 May 2011. Archived from 3980:. 2008-08-18. Archived from 3392:. 2008-08-17. Archived from 3386:"Software status - ata Wiki" 3271:Integrated Drive Electronics 2972:3.0 (USB 3.2, Generation 1) 2822:1 (> 65k with expanders) 1967:Pre-standard implementations 1718: 1661: 1628: 1503: 1493: 1480: 1321:12 V power, pre-charge 1317: 1273: 1241: 1231: 1223: 1197: 902:was released in March 2021. 478:". The speeds given are the 4067:Rick Merritt (2008-08-18). 3800:Geoff Gasior (2004-03-08). 3236:List of interface bit rates 3124:<10 km (fiber) 3077:2 m – 50 km 2629:Comparison with other buses 2330:Next Generation Form Factor 1705: 1684: 1674: 1615: 1467: 1354:SATA specifies a different 1339: 1328: 1286: 1263: 1252: 1245:5 V power, pre-charge 1189: 1178: 826:Shingled magnetic recording 554:with SATA 1.5 Gbit/s. 7453: 6380:Compute Express Link (CXL) 5591:. WCCF Tech. 2 July 2013. 5171:"ExpressCard SATA adapter" 4847:SATA-IO (11 August 2015). 2819:Backplane connectors only 2670: 2632: 2374: 2318: 2307:(2242) solid-state-drive ( 2246: 1981: 1939: 1774: 1651: 1638: 1529: 1516: 1212: 945: 163: 29: 7389: 6816: 6617:IEEE-1284 (parallel port) 6532:logical device interface) 5690:. SATA-IO. Archived from 5423:"Connector Mating Matrix" 4707:"Get ready for mini-SATA" 3944:"Serial ATA Revision 2.6" 3254:"AT" is derived from the 3197:100 W (only copper) 3167: 3164: 3152: 3082: 3079: 2963: 2883: 2880: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2794:0.46 m (18 in) 2734: 2731: 2695: 2680: 2046: 2043: 1852:FireWire 400 (IEEE 1394a) 1708: 1692: 1664: 1641: 1618: 1599: 1519: 1507:Manufacturing diagnostic 1483: 1454: 1443: 1331: 1312: 1255: 1236: 1215: 1207: 1181: 1173: 1165: 1154: 1055: 1018: 981: 957: 810:solid-state hybrid drives 91: 4730:Serial ATA Revision 3.0 4163:forum.notebookreview.com 3256:IBM Personal Computer/AT 3165:10 W (only copper) 2881:15 W, 12–25 V 2766: 2753: 2740: 2640:swapping of hard disks. 2635:List of device bit rates 2328:, formerly known as the 1775:Not to be confused with 1545:A six-pin slimline SATA 773: 734:Universal Storage Module 308:IBM Personal Computer AT 277: 197:interface that connects 113:Serial ATA Working Group 6907:Flash memory controller 4822:SATA-IO (2 June 2014). 4103:. SATA-IO. 2011-07-18. 3159:100 m (fiber) 2978:610 MB/s or more ( 2573:1.5 Gbit/s speed. 1786:The official eSATA logo 1430:3.3 V power line. 948:SATA Express connectors 385:support this function. 7331:JEDEC / JC-42, JC-64.8 6179:List of bus bandwidths 5142:"CardBus SATA adapter" 4446:. SATA-IO. p. 2. 3516:"Lamars, Lawrence J., 3226:FATA (hard disk drive) 3156:3 m (copper) 3121:5 m (copper) 3060:host bus adapter/host 2424:Parallel AT Attachment 2419: 2386: 2346:printed circuit boards 2316: 2296: 2244: 2008:in a small footprint. 1993: 1951: 1803: 1795: 1787: 1351: 1091:single-ended signaling 1087:differential signaling 919: 918:on the 3.5-inch drive. 649:Native Command Queuing 547: 508:Native Command Queuing 413:native command queuing 361: 261: 249: 7319:Related organizations 5260:"mSATA Press Release" 5110:"External Serial ATA" 5052:"USB – smartmontools" 4234:Perenson, Melissa J. 3010:2.5 W, 5 V 2990:4.5 W, 5 V 2926:3.2 (Generation 2x2) 2659:Maximum cable length 2458:forward compatibility 2417: 2384: 2302: 2294: 2238: 2218:printed circuit board 2013:PCI Express Mini Card 1991: 1949: 1811:The differences are: 1801: 1793: 1785: 1349: 1140:SATA Power connectors 913: 833:Zoned ATA Command Set 708:PCI Express Mini Card 545: 516:uncoded transfer rate 498:/s without overhead. 355: 255: 243: 151:Hotplugging interface 32:SATA (disambiguation) 7248:Universal Serial Bus 7242:Serial attached SCSI 6622:IEEE-1394 (FireWire) 6360:PCI Extended (PCI-X) 5809:on November 26, 2012 5764:"eSATAp Application" 5619:. Tyco Electronics. 3923:www.businesswire.com 2907:IEEE 1394 (FireWire) 2890:IEEE 1394 (FireWire) 2867:IEEE 1394 (FireWire) 2665:Devices per channel 2263:PCI Express 3.0 2241:computer motherboard 738:consumer electronics 484:in Gbit/s including 301:Serial Attached SCSI 203:mass storage devices 191:Serial AT Attachment 7432:Computer connectors 6976:Flash manufacturers 6967:Write amplification 6952:Solid-state storage 6463:Parallel ATA (PATA) 5398:"SATA Revision 3.2" 4006:"SATA Revision 3.0" 3552:Govindarajalu, B., 3390:ata.wiki.kernel.org 2949:3.1 (Generation 2) 2040: 2039:SFF-8784 connector 1963:official standard. 1596: 1440: 1293:/ activity signal / 1151: 954: 674:Alignment with the 666:low insertion force 552:backward compatible 88: 7141:Greenliant Systems 6912:Garbage collection 6868:Solid-state drives 6370:PCI Express (PCIe) 5872:on 10 October 2008 5722:. 20 August 2018. 5660:"Port Multipliers" 5308:on 12 January 2011 4899:2017-07-12 at the 4476:2013-08-12 at the 4366:2013-05-08 at the 4322:2014-03-30 at the 4303:2012-11-27 at the 3683:. 8 January 2009. 3436:on October 9, 2016 3218:Electronics portal 3071:10.52 Gbit/s 2872:3.144 Gbit/s 2788:1.064 Gbit/s 2552:. You can help by 2508:. You can help by 2420: 2387: 2317: 2297: 2245: 2038: 2034:SFF-8784 connector 1994: 1952: 1804: 1796: 1788: 1749:128 GB micro SATA 1594: 1438: 1358:than the four-pin 1352: 1149: 952: 920: 806:Hybrid Information 678:ATA8-ACS standard. 587:Slimline connector 548: 488:overhead, and the 481:raw interface rate 362: 276:queuing protocol. 262: 250: 215:solid-state drives 159:External interface 7409: 7408: 7341:NVMHCI Work Group 7184:SSD manufacturers 7179: 7178: 6937:Over-provisioning 6892:Flash file system 6834: 6833: 6820: 6547:Apple Desktop Bus 6524:PCI Express (via 6483:Serial ATA (SATA) 6169:Network on a chip 5234:. May–June 2009. 3976:(Press release). 3925:(Press release). 3201: 3200: 3094:4.25 Gbit/s 3041:2.56 Gbit/s 2964:127 (with a hub) 2941:127 (with a hub) 2810:22.5 Gbit/s 2767:SATA revision 1.0 2754:SATA revision 2.0 2741:SATA revision 3.0 2570: 2569: 2526: 2525: 2311:) connected into 2207: 2206: 2019:host controller. 2006:solid-state drive 1978:Mini-SATA (mSATA) 1751:solid-state drive 1723: 1722: 1619:3.3 V power 1534: 1533: 1344: 1343: 1182:3.3 V power 1063: 1062: 879:SATA revision 3.5 860:SATA revision 3.4 817:SATA revision 3.3 745:SATA revision 3.2 695:SATA revision 3.1 578:SATA revision 2.6 570:SATA revision 2.5 424:Microsoft Windows 260:solid-state drive 199:host bus adapters 184: 183: 84: 83: 16:(Redirected from 7444: 7397: 7396: 7265:HDD form factors 7033: 6932:Open-channel SSD 6861: 6854: 6847: 6838: 6826: 6825: 6818: 6280:HP Precision Bus 6094: 6087: 6080: 6071: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6030:on 29 March 2012 6015: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6004: 5999:on 15 March 2008 5998: 5992:. Archived from 5991: 5982: 5976: 5975: 5973: 5971: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5944: 5928: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5915: 5899: 5890: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5862: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5849: 5843: 5832: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5808: 5797: 5789: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5779: 5760: 5754: 5751: 5745: 5742: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5696: 5689: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5671: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5618: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5600: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5575: 5556: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5541: 5535: 5528: 5519: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5509: 5503: 5492: 5483: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5473: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5444: 5438: 5427: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5409: 5394: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5377: 5366: 5358: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5333: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5307: 5301:. Archived from 5296: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5271: 5265:. Archived from 5264: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5246: 5240: 5233: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5215: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5186: 5167: 5161: 5160: 5158: 5157: 5138: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5121: 5114: 5106: 5100: 5099: 5097: 5096: 5077: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5058:. Archived from 5048: 5042: 5041: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5010: 5002: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4992: 4973: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4960: 4954: 4947: 4939: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4929: 4910: 4904: 4891: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4869: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4853: 4844: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4828: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4803: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4778: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4759: 4750:. Archived from 4740: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4693: 4674: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4664: 4658: 4647: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4629: 4623: 4612: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4588: 4577: 4569: 4560: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4547: 4541: 4530: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4512: 4506: 4495: 4487: 4481: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4458: 4452: 4441: 4433: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4423: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4398: 4392: 4385: 4377: 4371: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4348: 4333: 4327: 4314: 4308: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4285: 4279: 4268: 4260: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4145: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4109: 4102: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4084: 4075:. Archived from 4064: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4047: 4040: 4032: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3992: 3986: 3975: 3967: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3948: 3940: 3931: 3930: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3905: 3899: 3892: 3884: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3874: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3846: 3845: 3839:tomshardware.com 3830: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3817: 3797: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3787: 3778:. Archived from 3768: 3762: 3761: 3760:on 2 March 2007. 3746: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3727:. Archived from 3717: 3711: 3710: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3663: 3643: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3633: 3627: 3621:. Archived from 3616: 3608: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3595: 3590: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3572: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3531: 3524: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3488:Andrawes, Mike. 3485: 3479: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3454: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3441: 3435: 3424: 3416: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3401: 3382: 3363: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3342: 3335: 3329: 3322: 3316: 3313: 3307: 3300: 3294: 3291: 3285: 3282:decimal meanings 3278: 3272: 3269: 3263: 3252: 3220: 3215: 3214: 3074:1.195 GB/s 3059: 3001:480 Mbit/s 2981: 2915:49.13 MB/s 2912:393 Mbit/s 2898:98.25 MB/s 2895:786 Mbit/s 2884:63 (with a hub) 2791:133.3 MB/s 2771:1.5 Gbit/s 2643: 2565: 2562: 2544: 2537: 2521: 2518: 2500: 2493: 2356: 3.0 port. 2041: 1922:host bus adapter 1743: 1731: 1709:Vendor specific 1597: 1558: 1542: 1471:Device presence 1441: 1402:staggered spinup 1332:12 V power 1291:Staggered spinup 1152: 1131: 1118: 1106: 955: 531:hard disk drives 491:usable data rate 293:T10 subcommittee 207:hard disk drives 180: 177: 96: 89: 79: 76: 70: 47: 39: 30:For others, see 21: 7452: 7451: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7442: 7441: 7412: 7411: 7410: 7405: 7385: 7314: 7253: 7195: 7175: 7129: 7083:(bought by OCZ) 7043:Western Digital 7022: 7008:Western Digital 6971: 6875:Key terminology 6870: 6865: 6835: 6830: 6821: 6812: 6771: 6750: 6699: 6612:IEEE-488 (GPIB) 6535: 6431: 6410:Infinity Fabric 6240:Europe Card Bus 6183: 6117: 6098: 6067: 6047: 6042: 6033: 6031: 6017: 6016: 6012: 6002: 6000: 5996: 5989: 5984: 5983: 5979: 5969: 5967: 5956: 5955: 5951: 5942: 5940: 5930: 5929: 5922: 5913: 5911: 5901: 5900: 5893: 5888: 5884: 5875: 5873: 5864: 5863: 5856: 5847: 5845: 5841: 5830: 5826: 5825: 5821: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5795: 5791: 5790: 5786: 5777: 5775: 5762: 5761: 5757: 5752: 5748: 5743: 5739: 5729: 5727: 5720:Western Digital 5714: 5713: 5709: 5700: 5698: 5694: 5687: 5683: 5682: 5678: 5669: 5667: 5658: 5657: 5653: 5646:pinoutguide.com 5640: 5639: 5635: 5626: 5624: 5616: 5612: 5611: 5607: 5598: 5596: 5587: 5586: 5582: 5573: 5571: 5560:"SATA M.2 Card" 5558: 5557: 5548: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5526: 5522:Dave Landsman. 5521: 5520: 5516: 5507: 5505: 5501: 5490: 5485: 5484: 5480: 5471: 5469: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5442: 5440: 5436: 5425: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5407: 5405: 5396: 5395: 5391: 5381: 5379: 5375: 5369:Western Digital 5364: 5360: 5359: 5350: 5340: 5338: 5331: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5311: 5309: 5305: 5294: 5292:"Intel 310 SSD" 5290: 5289: 5285: 5275: 5273: 5272:on 26 July 2011 5269: 5262: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5244: 5242: 5238: 5231: 5227: 5226: 5222: 5213: 5211: 5198: 5197: 5193: 5184: 5182: 5169: 5168: 5164: 5155: 5153: 5140: 5139: 5135: 5125: 5123: 5122:on 13 June 2010 5119: 5112: 5108: 5107: 5103: 5094: 5092: 5079: 5078: 5074: 5065: 5063: 5056:sourceforge.net 5050: 5049: 5045: 5040:. 5 April 2018. 5032: 5031: 5027: 5019: 5008: 5004: 5003: 4999: 4990: 4988: 4975: 4974: 4967: 4958: 4956: 4952: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4927: 4925: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4901:Wayback Machine 4892: 4888: 4878: 4876: 4871: 4870: 4866: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4846: 4845: 4841: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4796: 4795: 4791: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4757: 4755: 4742: 4741: 4737: 4729: 4725: 4716: 4714: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4691: 4689: 4676: 4675: 4671: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4645: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4592: 4590: 4586: 4575: 4571: 4570: 4563: 4558: 4554: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4528: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4510: 4508: 4504: 4493: 4489: 4488: 4484: 4478:Wayback Machine 4469: 4465: 4456: 4454: 4450: 4439: 4435: 4434: 4430: 4421: 4419: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4396: 4394: 4390: 4383: 4379: 4378: 4374: 4368:Wayback Machine 4359: 4355: 4346: 4344: 4337:"SATA M.2 Card" 4335: 4334: 4330: 4324:Wayback Machine 4315: 4311: 4305:Wayback Machine 4296: 4292: 4283: 4281: 4277: 4266: 4262: 4261: 4254: 4245: 4243: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4219: 4217: 4204: 4203: 4199: 4189: 4187: 4179: 4178: 4174: 4157: 4156: 4152: 4143: 4141: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4113: 4111: 4107: 4100: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4082: 4080: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4051: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4019: 4017: 4012:. 27 May 2009. 4004: 4003: 3999: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3973: 3969: 3968: 3961: 3953: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3934: 3917: 3916: 3912: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3890: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3872: 3870: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3843: 3841: 3832: 3831: 3824: 3815: 3813: 3799: 3798: 3794: 3785: 3783: 3776:www.sandisk.com 3770: 3769: 3765: 3748: 3747: 3743: 3734: 3732: 3719: 3718: 3714: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3690: 3688: 3675: 3674: 3670: 3661: 3659: 3645: 3644: 3640: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3602: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3522: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3499: 3497: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3456: 3455: 3448: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3422: 3418: 3417: 3408: 3399: 3397: 3384: 3383: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3366: 3361: 3357: 3349: 3345: 3336: 3332: 3323: 3319: 3314: 3310: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3216: 3209: 3206: 3194:4.88 GB/s 3191:40 Gbit/s 3181:2.44 GB/s 3178:20 Gbit/s 3162: 3150:1.22 GB/s 3147:10 Gbit/s 3136:switched fabric 3127: 3115:0.98 GB/s 3112:10 Gbit/s 3108: 3021:12 Mbit/s 2983: 2955:1.22 GB/s 2952:10 Gbit/s 2932:2.44 GB/s 2929:20 Gbit/s 2832:12 Gbit/s 2813:2.25 GB/s 2729:1.97 GB/s 2726:16 Gbit/s 2698:port multiplier 2690: 2662:Power provided 2637: 2631: 2601:port multiplier 2584: 2579: 2566: 2560: 2557: 2550:needs expansion 2535: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2506:needs expansion 2491: 2454: 2412: 2407: 2379: 2377:Port multiplier 2373: 2362: 2334:expansion cards 2323: 2289: 2251: 2233: 2036: 1986: 1980: 1969: 1944: 1938: 1780: 1773: 1764: 1762:Additional pins 1753: 1744: 1735: 1732: 1665:5 V power 1592: 1590:Micro connector 1562: 1559: 1550: 1543: 1484:5 V power 1436: 1427:Molex connector 1360:Molex connector 1356:power connector 1294: 1256:5 V power 1202: 1147: 1142: 1135: 1132: 1123: 1119: 1110: 1107: 950: 944: 908: 881: 862: 819: 784:ball grid array 747: 712:HP business PCs 697: 684:video streaming 630:8b/10b encoding 620: 580: 572: 559:8b/10b encoding 540: 512:8b/10b encoding 504: 470:, e.g. "SATA 6 468:Arabic numerals 460: 398: 367: 350: 248:hard disk drive 238: 174: 80: 74: 71: 64: 52:This article's 48: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7450: 7448: 7440: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7414: 7413: 7407: 7406: 7404: 7403: 7390: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7322: 7320: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7296: 7295: 7285: 7283:expansion card 7277: 7272: 7267: 7261: 7259: 7258:Configurations 7255: 7254: 7252: 7251: 7245: 7239: 7233: 7228: 7222: 7216: 7210: 7203: 7201: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7193: 7187: 7185: 7181: 7180: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7137: 7135: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7127: 7122: 7121: 7120: 7108: 7107: 7106: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7085: 7084: 7078: 7067: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7039: 7037: 7030: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7020: 7015: 7004: 7003: 7002: 6990: 6985: 6979: 6977: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6878: 6876: 6872: 6871: 6866: 6864: 6863: 6856: 6849: 6841: 6832: 6831: 6817: 6814: 6813: 6811: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6790: 6785: 6779: 6777: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6764: 6758: 6756: 6752: 6751: 6749: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6721:Intel HD Audio 6718: 6713: 6711:ADAT Lightpipe 6707: 6705: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6543: 6541: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6533: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6501: 6500: 6495: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6439: 6437: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6413: 6412: 6405:HyperTransport 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6191: 6189: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6159:Bus contention 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6134:Front-side bus 6131: 6125: 6123: 6119: 6118: 6115:computer buses 6099: 6097: 6096: 6089: 6082: 6074: 6065: 6064: 6058: 6053: 6046: 6045:External links 6043: 6041: 6040: 6010: 5977: 5949: 5939:on May 3, 2012 5920: 5891: 5882: 5854: 5819: 5784: 5755: 5746: 5737: 5707: 5676: 5651: 5633: 5605: 5580: 5546: 5514: 5478: 5449: 5414: 5389: 5348: 5319: 5283: 5251: 5220: 5191: 5162: 5133: 5101: 5072: 5043: 5025: 5022:on 2020-12-06. 4997: 4965: 4934: 4920:. 2013-05-31. 4905: 4886: 4864: 4839: 4814: 4789: 4764: 4748:allpinouts.org 4735: 4723: 4698: 4669: 4652:. 2020-07-15. 4634: 4617:. 2018-06-25. 4599: 4582:. 2016-08-04. 4561: 4552: 4535:. 2016-11-11. 4517: 4500:. 2016-02-16. 4482: 4463: 4428: 4403: 4372: 4353: 4328: 4309: 4290: 4273:. 2013-08-08. 4252: 4226: 4197: 4172: 4169:on 2012-02-12. 4150: 4120: 4089: 4059: 4027: 3997: 3959: 3932: 3910: 3879: 3850: 3822: 3806:techreport.com 3792: 3763: 3741: 3712: 3698: 3668: 3638: 3600: 3577: 3564: 3542: 3507: 3480: 3471: 3446: 3406: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3355: 3343: 3330: 3317: 3308: 3295: 3286: 3273: 3264: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3160: 3157: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3132:point-to-point 3128: 3126: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3102: 3101: 3098: 3097:398 MB/s 3095: 3092: 3085: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3062: 3061: 3054: 3048: 3045: 3044:320 MB/s 3042: 3039: 3032: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3024:1.5 MB/s 3022: 3019: 3012: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2992: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2976: 2975:5 Gbit/s 2973: 2966: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2943: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2920: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2903: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2886: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2875:393 MB/s 2873: 2870: 2863: 2862: 2861:300 MB/s 2859: 2858:3 Gbit/s 2856: 2850: 2849: 2848:600 MB/s 2846: 2845:6 Gbit/s 2843: 2837: 2836: 2835:1.2 GB/s 2833: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2779: 2778: 2775: 2774:150 MB/s 2772: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2761:300 MB/s 2759: 2758:3 Gbit/s 2756: 2750: 2749: 2748:600 MB/s 2746: 2745:6 Gbit/s 2743: 2737: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2714: 2713:600 MB/s 2711: 2710:6 Gbit/s 2708: 2702: 2701: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2679: 2678:600 MB/s 2676: 2675:6 Gbit/s 2673: 2667: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2630: 2627: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2568: 2567: 2547: 2545: 2534: 2531: 2524: 2523: 2503: 2501: 2490: 2487: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2466: 2453: 2450: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2372: 2369: 2361: 2360:U.2 (SFF-8639) 2358: 2319:Main article: 2288: 2285: 2247:Main article: 2232: 2229: 2214:edge connector 2205: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2045: 2035: 2032: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1974: 1968: 1965: 1940:Main article: 1937: 1934: 1911: 1910: 1898: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1831: 1828: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1772: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1755: 1754: 1745: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1726: 1721: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1591: 1588: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1553: 1551: 1544: 1537: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1435: 1432: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1413: 1406:open-collector 1398: 1390: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1163: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1101: 1061: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1002: 1001:A− (transmit) 999: 996: 992: 991: 990:A+ (transmit) 988: 985: 982: 979: 978: 975: 972: 969: 966: 965: 962: 959: 943: 942:Data connector 940: 907: 904: 898:SATA revision 896: 895: 891: 888: 880: 877: 876: 875: 872: 869: 861: 858: 849: 848: 845: 842: 836: 835:(ZAC) feature. 829: 818: 815: 814: 813: 803: 793: 787: 777: 772:port; see the 762: 746: 743: 742: 741: 731: 728: 725: 718: 715: 696: 693: 680: 679: 672: 669: 662: 659: 656: 645: 644:specification. 641: 619: 616: 615: 614: 611: 608: 605: 602: 599: 596: 590: 579: 576: 571: 568: 539: 536: 510:(NCQ). Taking 503: 500: 464:Roman numerals 459: 456: 397: 394: 366: 363: 349: 346: 237: 234: 211:optical drives 182: 181: 172: 168: 167: 160: 156: 155: 152: 148: 147: 142: 138: 137: 131: 127: 126: 120: 116: 115: 110: 106: 105: 102: 98: 97: 82: 81: 61:the key points 51: 49: 42: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7449: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7402: 7401: 7392: 7391: 7388: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7356:SFF Committee 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7317: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7294: 7291: 7290: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7256: 7249: 7246: 7243: 7240: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7226: 7223: 7220: 7217: 7214: 7213:Fibre Channel 7211: 7208: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7198: 7192: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7182: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7132: 7126: 7123: 7118: 7114: 7113: 7112: 7109: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7073: 7072: 7071: 7068: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7025: 7019: 7016: 7013: 7009: 7005: 7000: 6996: 6995: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6974: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6962:Wear leveling 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6862: 6857: 6855: 6850: 6848: 6843: 6842: 6839: 6829: 6815: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6798: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6783:Multidrop bus 6781: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6753: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6708: 6706: 6702: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6690:External PCIe 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6670:Parallel SCSI 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6562:Commodore bus 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6538: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6510:Fibre Channel 6508: 6506: 6503: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6186: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6174:Plug and play 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6164:Bus mastering 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6139:Back-side bus 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6113: 6109: 6107: 6102: 6095: 6090: 6088: 6083: 6081: 6076: 6075: 6072: 6068: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6044: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6014: 6011: 5995: 5988: 5981: 5978: 5966:on 2011-05-14 5965: 5961: 5960: 5953: 5950: 5938: 5934: 5927: 5925: 5921: 5909: 5906:. AnandTech. 5905: 5898: 5896: 5892: 5886: 5883: 5871: 5867: 5861: 5859: 5855: 5840: 5836: 5829: 5823: 5820: 5805: 5801: 5794: 5788: 5785: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5759: 5756: 5750: 5747: 5741: 5738: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5711: 5708: 5697:on 2012-03-27 5693: 5686: 5680: 5677: 5665: 5661: 5655: 5652: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5634: 5622: 5615: 5609: 5606: 5594: 5590: 5584: 5581: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5532: 5525: 5518: 5515: 5500: 5496: 5489: 5482: 5479: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5453: 5450: 5435: 5431: 5424: 5418: 5415: 5403: 5399: 5393: 5390: 5374: 5370: 5363: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5349: 5337: 5330: 5323: 5320: 5304: 5300: 5293: 5287: 5284: 5268: 5261: 5255: 5252: 5237: 5230: 5224: 5221: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5192: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5166: 5163: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5137: 5134: 5118: 5111: 5105: 5102: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5076: 5073: 5062:on 2012-02-07 5061: 5057: 5053: 5047: 5044: 5039: 5038:howtogeek.com 5035: 5029: 5026: 5018: 5014: 5007: 5001: 4998: 4987:on 2013-08-02 4986: 4982: 4978: 4972: 4970: 4966: 4951: 4944: 4938: 4935: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4909: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4895: 4890: 4887: 4875: 4868: 4865: 4850: 4843: 4840: 4825: 4818: 4815: 4800: 4793: 4790: 4775: 4768: 4765: 4754:on 2008-11-08 4753: 4749: 4745: 4739: 4736: 4733: 4727: 4724: 4712: 4708: 4702: 4699: 4687: 4683: 4682:superuser.com 4679: 4673: 4670: 4655: 4651: 4644: 4638: 4635: 4620: 4616: 4609: 4603: 4600: 4585: 4581: 4574: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4556: 4553: 4538: 4534: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4503: 4499: 4492: 4486: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4472: 4467: 4464: 4449: 4445: 4438: 4437:"SATA-IO FAQ" 4432: 4429: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4404: 4389: 4382: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4362: 4357: 4354: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4318: 4313: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4299: 4294: 4291: 4276: 4272: 4265: 4259: 4257: 4253: 4241: 4237: 4230: 4227: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4201: 4198: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4173: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4154: 4151: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4124: 4121: 4106: 4099: 4093: 4090: 4079:on 2012-10-27 4078: 4074: 4070: 4063: 4060: 4044: 4037: 4031: 4028: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4001: 3998: 3987:on 2010-09-23 3983: 3979: 3972: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3952: 3945: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3914: 3911: 3896: 3889: 3883: 3880: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3827: 3823: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3796: 3793: 3782:on 2021-11-29 3781: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3764: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3742: 3731:on 2007-03-12 3730: 3726: 3725:linux-ata.org 3722: 3716: 3713: 3708: 3702: 3699: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3672: 3669: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3642: 3639: 3628:on 2012-04-17 3624: 3620: 3619:serialata.org 3613: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3587: 3581: 3578: 3567: 3565:9780070483118 3561: 3557: 3556: 3553: 3546: 3543: 3528: 3521: 3519: 3511: 3508: 3495: 3491: 3484: 3481: 3475: 3472: 3459: 3453: 3451: 3447: 3432: 3428: 3421: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3396:on 2009-01-24 3395: 3391: 3387: 3381: 3379: 3375: 3369: 3359: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3344: 3340: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3321: 3318: 3312: 3309: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3293:Drive present 3290: 3287: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3268: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3251: 3248: 3241: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3187:Thunderbolt 3 3185: 3184: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3174:Thunderbolt 2 3172: 3171: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3140: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3090:Fibre Channel 3087: 3086: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3067:Fibre Channel 3064: 3063: 3055: 3053: 3052:SCA Backplane 3049: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3006: 3004:58 MB/s 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2986: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2921: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2803: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2696:1 (15 with a 2692: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2650:Raw data rate 2648: 2645: 2644: 2641: 2636: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2616:home-computer 2613: 2609: 2604: 2602: 2596: 2594: 2589: 2582:SATA and SCSI 2581: 2576: 2574: 2564: 2555: 2551: 2548:This section 2546: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2532: 2530: 2520: 2511: 2507: 2504:This section 2502: 2499: 2495: 2494: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2482:Silicon Image 2474: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2459: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2435: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2416: 2410:SATA and PATA 2409: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2396: 2395:SAS expanders 2392: 2383: 2378: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2349: 2347: 2342: 2340: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2293: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2242: 2237: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2212: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2180: 2177:A+ (receive) 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2151:A− (receive) 2150: 2147: 2145:B− (transmit) 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2121: 2119:B+ (transmit) 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2042: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1990: 1985: 1977: 1971: 1970: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1948: 1943: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1916: 1908: 1904: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1872:Silicon Image 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1800: 1792: 1784: 1778: 1770: 1768: 1761: 1759: 1752: 1748: 1742: 1737: 1730: 1725: 1715: 1713: 1712: 1702: 1700: 1699: 1696:Coding notch 1695: 1691: 1687: 1681: 1679: 1678: 1671: 1669: 1668: 1658: 1656: 1655: 1648: 1646: 1645: 1635: 1633: 1632: 1625: 1623: 1622: 1612: 1610: 1609: 1605: 1602: 1598: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1570: 1567: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1541: 1536: 1526: 1524: 1523: 1513: 1511: 1510: 1506: 1500: 1498: 1497: 1490: 1488: 1487: 1477: 1475: 1474: 1470: 1464: 1462: 1461: 1458:Coding notch 1457: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1348: 1336: 1335: 1325: 1324: 1320: 1314: 1311: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1298: 1292: 1289: 1283: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1270: 1268: 1267: 1260: 1259: 1249: 1248: 1244: 1238: 1235: 1228: 1227: 1220: 1219: 1209: 1206: 1200: 1194: 1193: 1186: 1185: 1175: 1172: 1169:Coding notch 1168: 1164: 1160: 1157: 1153: 1144: 1139: 1130: 1125: 1117: 1112: 1105: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1068:ribbon cables 1059:Coding notch 1058: 1054: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1041: 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