59:
30:
737:
528:
865:
1109:
began on 26 March. The installation of the 38-centimeter (15 in) gun was completed on 4 April although testing did not begin until 5 June when three shots were fired. The ship was recommissioned two days later with a reduced crew, and a practice shoot was conducted with unsatisfactory results on
910:
was on hand to assist the ground troops against Lovćen's defences. The battleship's 9.5 inch and 6 inch guns pounded
Montenegrin positions and on January 10 the ground forces took the Lovćen Pass and the adjacent heights where the French gun positions had been. In order for its guns to elevate high
1003:
opened fire at 10:35 at a range of about 9–10 kilometers (5.6–6.2 mi) and knocked out most of the
Italian guns after about a half-hour. Their bombardment was interrupted by several unsuccessful Italian air attacks before a more coordinated attack was made by five
930:
with two destroyers and four torpedo-boats under Kontra-Admiral
Alexander Hansa headed off to support the beleaguered Austrian force. Upon receiving news from a naval flying boat that nine enemy ships were in the vicinity of the Otranto force, Hansa called for SMS
921:
was subsequently called to action in the
Adriatic on 15 May 1917 when an Austro-Hungarian force of three light cruisers and destroyer escorts, returning from a major attack on the Otranto Straits, were intercepted by a stronger force of Allied warships led by HMS
847:
s were relegated to the newly formed
Reserve Squadron on 1 January 1906 and were only recommissioned for the annual summer exercises. They participated in a fleet review by Archduke Franz Ferdinand in September conducted in the Kolocepski Channel near
1008:
and five aircraft around 13:30. This was also unsuccessful, and the last
Italian coast defense gun was knocked out an hour later. The ships had sustained only minor damage from several hits and near-misses, and not a single sailor was wounded.
901:
was summoned to deal with the guns two days later, and she managed to knock out several French guns and forced the others to withdraw by 27 October. When the Austro-Hungarian army was finally able to launch an offensive into
1089:
bombarded the
Castellazzo fortifications on 19 December. The ship transferred to Pola two days later, and she was decommissioned on 11 March 1918. She became the accommodation ship for the submarine staff
935:
which immediately put to sea with three high seas torpedo boats as escorts. Upon sighting the smoke from the approaching Austro-Hungarian warships the Allied ships turned away and returned to port. The
673:
was 120–270 millimeters (4.7–10.6 in) thick, and the gun turrets were protected by 250 millimeters (9.8 in) of armor. The casemates had 80 millimeters (3.1 in) thick sides while the
895:
and her sisters arrived on 13 August, but their guns could not elevate enough to engage all of the enemy artillery, which was reinforced by eight French guns on 19 October. The battleship
547:
of other major navies at the time and were officially designated as coast defense ships. The Austro-Hungarian government believed that the role of its navy was solely to defend her coast.
1110:
6 August. Another training exercise scheduled for 20 August had to be cancelled for lack of ammunition. The howitzer was removed on 11 October and sent to the Army on 17 October.
915:
had to be trimmed 7 degrees. The naval bombardment played a decisive role in breaking the morale of the mountain's defenders and
Montenegro requested an armistice two days later.
829:-class ships formed the 2nd Capital Ship Division, and they took part in the 1904 cruise of the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas as well as training exercises in which the three
840:
and her sisters in simulated combat. Those maneuvers marked the first time two homogeneous squadrons consisting of modern battleships operated in the Austro-Hungarian Navy.
1625:
1114:
resumed her former role and remained at Pola. She was handed over to Great
Britain as war reparations in January 1920 and broken up for scrap in Italy in 1921.
592:(6,500 km; 4,000 mi) at a speed of 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph). She was manned by 26 officers and 397 enlisted men, a total of 423 personnel.
1725:
778:
in
December 1898. In late 1899 the division made a training cruise to the Eastern Mediterranean where they made port visits in Greece, Lebanon, Turkey and
1032:, near Trieste, by MAS boats. On the night of 9/10 December, two MAS boats managed to penetrate the harbor defenses undetected, and fired torpedoes at
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1445:
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522:
401:
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29:
782:. In early 1902 they made another training cruise to the Western Mediterranean with port visits in Algeria, Spain, France, Italy,
1105:
be installed to bombard the Castellazzo fortifications. Little time was wasted, and removal of the forward gun turret and its
1102:
704:
108:
501:
shortly afterwards and recommissioned. A shortage of ammunition caused the gun to be removed before it could be used, and
506:
39:
434:
formed the 1st Capital Ship Division of the Austro-Hungarian Navy until they were replaced by the newly commissioned
1066:
was scheduled for a shore bombardment on 12 December, but was postponed for a week by bad weather. Escorted by the
441:
1686:
1137:
830:
435:
1438:
Naval Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations: An Illustrated Directory
852:. The ships were briefly recommissioned at the beginning of 1913 as the 4th Division after the start of the
619:
315:
64:
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332:
195:
411:
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184:
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on 19 November at Trieste. Anxious to revenge themselves against the Austro-Hungarians, the Royal
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was launched on 27 April 1896 by Countess Marie Széchényí-Andrássy, wife of the Governor of
634:
891:
bombarding the Austro-Hungarian naval base at Cattaro and the fortifications defending it.
467:
and French artillery that was bombarding the port, and they remained there until mid-1917.
1598:
1455:
1433:
772:
558:
482:
1084:
888:
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against Italian commando raids. Each ship was fitted with a 66-millimeter (2.6 in)
448:
and only recommissioned during the annual summer training exercises. After the start of
1098:
622:
611:
554:
318:
1603:
1719:
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445:
383:
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794:-Braun radio early the following year. The ships of the division were inspected by
645:
630:
562:
345:
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588:
s maximum load of 500 metric tons (490 LT) of coal gave her a range of 3,500
1460:
The Battle of the Otranto Straits: Controlling the Gateway to the Adriatic in WWI
1648:
1496:
Sieche, Erwin F. (1999). "Austria-Hungary's Monarch Class Coast Defense Ships".
992:
988:
736:
712:
685:
578:
449:
431:
365:
271:
1005:
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s remained at Cattaro until mid-1917 to deter any further attacks. In August,
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reverted to her previous role. The ship was awarded to Great Britain by the
494:
527:
456:
was recommissioned and assigned to 5th Division together with her sisters.
864:
1655:
1106:
1057:
1049:
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after their arrival on 26 August to counter intense Italian air attacks.
849:
626:
472:
377:
86:
1504:(3). Toledo, Ohio: International Naval Research Organization: 220–260.
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799:
791:
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708:
653:
478:
460:
112:
90:
1481:. New Vanguard. Vol. 193. Botley, Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
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was damaged by a near miss on 5 September, and both ships withdrew to
444:
at the turn of the century. In 1906 the three Monarchs were placed in
980:
43:
1188:
1186:
1184:
286:(6,500 km; 4,000 mi) @ 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph)
715:
on 16 February 1893, the first ships in the class to be laid down.
863:
783:
779:
775:
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720:
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308:
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s were recommissioned as the 5th Division. They were sent to the
539:
At only 5,785 tonnes (5,694 long tons) maximum displacement, the
976:
1607:
911:
enough to hit the Montenegrin lines at the top of the mountain
759:
and her sisters formed the Navy's 1st Capital Ship Division (
1028:) planned an attack on the two ships in their berths in the
979:
on 12 September. They returned to Trieste on 30 October and
983:
into the Gulf of Trieste on 16 November to attack Italian
16:
Austro-Hungarian Navy's Monarch-class coastal defense ship
825:
made a cruise to the Eastern Mediterranean. In 1904, the
644:. The ships also mounted two 450-millimeter (18 in)
565:
of 6.4 meters (21 ft 0 in). Her two 4-cylinder
1462:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2004.
944:
escorted their little fleet, as it had become, back to
771:
trials in the Navy when she was briefly fitted with a
481:
in August and bombarded Italian fortifications in the
1203:
1201:
513:, and she was broken up in Italy beginning in 1921.
1410:Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979).
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1192:
1411:
614:. The ships carried 80 rounds for each gun. Their
422:-class ships made several training cruises in the
1414:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
1171:
1169:
1075:, six destroyers, nine torpedo boats and a dozen
1538:. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press.
1536:The Naval Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918
688:armor was 40 millimeters (1.6 in) thick.
577:. These gave the ship a maximum speed of 17.8
1619:
856:, but were decommissioned again on 10 March.
8:
1521:. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute.
1519:The Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Navy
875:With the beginning of World War I the three
677:had 220 millimeters (8.7 in) of armor.
798:, the heir to the throne, in March 1903 at
695:-class ships were ordered in May 1892 with
557:of 99.22 meters (325 ft 6 in), a
1626:
1612:
1604:
652:. Each torpedo tube was provided with two
561:of 17 meters (55 ft 9 in) and a
1060:in five minutes, killing 46 of the crew.
543:class was less than half the size of the
414:in the 1890s. After their commissioning,
1570:Austro-Hungarian Warships of World War I
1418:. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press.
963:were transferred to Trieste to serve as
1153:
1128:
629:in the superstructure. Defense against
567:vertical triple-expansion steam engines
259:Vertical triple-expansion steam engines
1703:List of battleships of Austria-Hungary
1479:Austro-Hungarian Battleships 1914–1918
400:("His Majesty's Ship Budapest") was a
18:
1141:", or "His Majesty's Ship" in German.
883:in August 1914 to attack Montenegrin
640:Škoda guns and four 47-millimeter QF
55:
7:
1680:Kronprinzessin Erzherzogin Stephanie
1298:
1219:
573:(6,800 kW) using steam from 16
362:: 120–270 mm (4.7–10.6 in)
206:99.22 m (325 ft 6 in)
1726:Monarch-class coastal defense ships
1334:
723:, and commissioned on 12 May 1898.
1394:
1382:
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1322:
1310:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1250:
1238:
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535:class; the shaded area is armored.
523:Monarch-class coastal defense ship
509:in 1920. The British sold her for
493:, but she was fitted with a large
14:
1175:
601:four 240-millimeter (9.4 in)
581:(33.0 km/h; 20.5 mph).
338:4 × 1 - 47 mm (1.9 in)
222:6.4 m (21 ft 0 in)
138:Countess Marie Széchényí-Andrássy
531:Right elevation and plan of the
294:26 officers and 397 enlisted men
214:17 m (55 ft 9 in)
194:5,785 tonnes (5,694 long tons) (
57:
28:
610:, one each fore and aft of the
344:2 × 450 mm (17.7 in)
274:(33.0 km/h; 20.5 mph)
705:Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino
606:K/94 guns mounted in two twin-
109:Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino
1:
1594:The Monarch Class (1895/1898)
1040:. The torpedoes fired at the
790:. The ship was fitted with a
1638:-class coastal defense ships
1103:38-centimeter siege howitzer
1092:Wohnschiff der U-Bootleitung
517:Description and construction
489:in early 1918 and became an
40:Heeresgeschichtliches Museum
1534:Sondhaus, Lawrence (1994).
1094:). Just over a week later,
926:. The armoured cruiser SMS
748:and the other ships of the
442:pre-dreadnought battleships
386:: 220 mm (8.7 in)
374:: 250 mm (9.8 in)
1747:
1440:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth.
620:150-millimeter (6 in)
569:produced a total of 9,100
520:
380:: 80 mm (3.1 in)
368:: 40 mm (1.6 in)
1698:
1673:
1644:
1599:Monarch Class Battleships
463:in August 1914 to attack
459:The division was sent to
316:150 mm (5.9 in)
306:240 mm (9.4 in)
169:
50:
27:
1083:and the pre-dreadnought
991:, near the mouth of the
836:battleships engaged the
796:Archduke Franz Ferdinand
666:The ship's nickel-steel
638:47 mm (1.9 in)
333:47 mm (1.9 in)
1517:Sokol, Anthony (1968).
1337:, pp. 93, 101–102.
1193:Chesneau & Kolesnik
485:. The ship was briefly
326:7 cm (2.8 in)
170:General characteristics
65:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1138:Seiner Majestät Schiff
872:
802:. Shortly afterwards,
753:
536:
507:Paris Peace Conference
1572:. London: Ian Allan.
1568:Greger, René (1976).
1498:Warship International
1477:Noppen, Ryan (2012).
906:in January 1916, SMS
867:
739:
530:
412:Austro-Hungarian Navy
1349:, pp. 246, 250.
1289:, pp. 240, 245.
1277:, pp. 234, 240.
767:conducted the first
633:was provided by ten
595:The armament of the
571:indicated horsepower
426:in the early 1900s.
408:coastal defense ship
185:coastal defense ship
885:artillery batteries
868:A map of the upper
769:wireless telegraphy
761:I. Schwere Division
703:to be built at the
599:class consisted of
24:
1397:, pp. 253–54.
1361:, pp. 34, 36.
1313:, pp. 245–46.
1135:"SMS" stands for "
1056:was hit twice and
873:
754:
752:class on maneuvers
711:. Both ships were
616:secondary armament
575:Belleville boilers
537:
491:accommodation ship
418:and the two other
241:Belleville boilers
19:
1711:
1710:
1545:978-1-55753-034-9
1488:978-1-84908-688-2
1447:978-1-84832-100-7
1123:Explanatory notes
1006:MAS torpedo boats
969:anti-aircraft gun
854:Second Balkan War
810:, the battleship
742:Alexander Kircher
661:anti-aircraft gun
635:quick-firing (QF)
499:shore bombardment
424:Mediterranean Sea
392:
391:
328:anti-aircraft gun
135:Sponsored by
1738:
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1614:
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1456:Halpern, Paul G.
1451:
1434:Friedman, Norman
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1210:, pp. 6, 8.
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1101:proposed that a
985:coastal defenses
740:A painting from
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122:16 February 1893
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1562:Further reading
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727:Service history
681:
663:was installed.
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483:Gulf of Trieste
471:and her sister
236:(6,800 kW)
227:Installed power
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1588:External links
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658:Škoda 7 cm K10
656:. In 1917 a
648:, one on each
642:Hotchkiss guns
612:superstructure
590:nautical miles
555:overall length
521:Main article:
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1072:Admiral Spaun
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1068:light cruiser
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1052:station, but
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1077:minesweepers
1071:
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1026:Regia Marina
1025:
1022:Italian Navy
1017:
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938:Sanct George
937:
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928:Sanct George
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889:Mount Lovćen
881:Bay of Kotor
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870:Adriatic Sea
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744:showing SMS
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191:Displacement
179:
143:Commissioned
76:
35:
21:
1044:struck the
993:Piave River
989:Cortellazzo
965:guard ships
860:World War I
625:located in
608:gun turrets
545:battleships
465:Montenegrin
450:World War I
372:Gun turrets
282:3,500
232:9,100
146:12 May 1898
34:A model of
1731:1896 ships
1720:Categories
1404:References
1016:inspected
904:Montenegro
671:armor belt
623:Škoda guns
335:Škoda guns
291:Complement
254:2 × Shafts
249:Propulsion
1527:462208412
1510:0043-0374
1149:Citations
924:Dartmouth
818:destroyer
732:Peacetime
713:laid down
668:waterline
654:torpedoes
650:broadside
627:casemates
331:10 × 1 -
196:full load
119:Laid down
1688:Habsburg
1664:Budapest
1554:28112077
1458:(2004).
1436:(2011).
1299:Sondhaus
1220:Friedman
1112:Budapest
1107:barbette
1081:Budapest
1064:Budapest
1058:capsized
1050:seaplane
1042:Budapest
1038:Budapest
1018:Budapest
1012:Emperor
997:Budapest
957:Budapest
942:Budapest
940:and the
933:Budapest
919:Budapest
913:Budapest
908:Budapest
898:Radetzky
893:Budapest
838:Budapest
832:Habsburg
816:and the
813:Habsburg
804:Budapest
765:Budapest
757:Budapest
717:Budapest
697:Budapest
679:Budapest
618:was six
583:Budapest
551:Budapest
503:Budapest
469:Budapest
454:Budapest
437:Habsburg
430:and her
428:Budapest
416:Budapest
397:Budapest
378:Casemate
314:6 × 1 -
304:2 × 2 -
299:Armament
163:Scrapped
127:Launched
100:May 1892
87:Budapest
83:Namesake
77:Budapest
36:Budapest
22:Budapest
1650:Monarch
1636:Monarch
1335:Halpern
1096:Admiral
1048:of the
981:sortied
953:Monarch
946:Cattaro
877:Monarch
845:Monarch
827:Monarch
800:Gravosa
792:Siemens
788:Albania
773:Marconi
763:), and
750:Monarch
709:Trieste
693:Monarch
597:Monarch
553:had an
541:Monarch
533:Monarch
479:Trieste
461:Cattaro
446:reserve
432:sisters
420:Monarch
403:Monarch
219:Draught
180:Monarch
113:Trieste
105:Builder
97:Ordered
91:Hungary
51:History
38:at the
1576:
1552:
1542:
1525:
1508:
1485:
1466:
1444:
1422:
1395:Sieche
1383:Noppen
1371:Noppen
1359:Noppen
1347:Sieche
1323:Noppen
1311:Sieche
1287:Sieche
1275:Sieche
1263:Sieche
1251:Noppen
1239:Sieche
1208:Noppen
1161:Sieche
834:-class
822:Magnet
786:, and
439:-class
405:-class
354:Armour
203:Length
182:-class
165:, 1921
44:Vienna
1690:class
1502:XXXVI
1176:Sokol
1118:Notes
1086:Árpád
850:Šipan
784:Corfu
780:Malta
776:radio
721:Fiume
682:'
604:Krupp
586:'
579:knots
563:draft
511:scrap
319:Škoda
309:Krupp
279:Range
272:knots
270:17.8
267:Speed
239:16 ×
1657:Wien
1574:ISBN
1550:OCLC
1540:ISBN
1523:OCLC
1506:ISSN
1483:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1420:ISBN
1054:Wien
1046:mole
1036:and
1034:Wien
1014:Karl
1001:Wien
999:and
977:Pola
973:Wien
961:Wien
959:and
951:The
843:The
808:Wien
746:Wien
701:Wien
699:and
691:The
686:deck
559:beam
497:for
474:Wien
395:SMS
366:Deck
324:1 ×
321:guns
311:guns
257:2 ×
211:Beam
159:Fate
75:SMS
72:Name
20:SMS
987:at
887:on
284:nmi
234:ihp
1722::
1548:.
1500:.
1227:^
1200:^
1183:^
1168:^
1079:,
995:.
948:.
806:,
684:s
452:,
111:,
89:,
42:,
1627:e
1620:t
1613:v
1582:.
1556:.
1529:.
1512:.
1491:.
1472:.
1450:.
1428:.
1090:(
1024:(
198:)
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