517:
25:
494:
324:
91:
421:
259:
471:
251:
449:
409:
387:
310:
having top priority, and even the modest total of 300 aircraft which were ordered were not all completed. Best estimates are only 20 produced. Average pilots found the SPAD XII a difficult aircraft to master, and the cannon difficult to aim and fire, while manual reloading was difficult. The cockpit
293:
mounted on the starboard side of the nose. In order to carry the heavy cannon the airframe was lengthened and the wingspan and wing area increased. The wingtips were rounded rather than squared off and the wings given a slight forward stagger. To accommodate the required geared output propshaft
355:. They were distributed one or two per squadron. Few were delivered to combat units, eight being recorded on strength in April and again in October; this may be contrasted with the thousands of SPAD VIIs and SPAD XIIIs in service. Single examples for testing were delivered to the
305:
Test-flown by
Guynemer, the early production models of the SPAD XII were highly successful after overcoming initial problems with the reduction gear between engine and propeller. Other aces also had success with the new model. However, deliveries were slow, the SPAD VII and later
311:
filled with fumes upon every firing. The cannon's breech mechanism protruded into the cockpit and prevented the use of a conventional stick to control the aircraft, adding to pilots' difficulties. The control setup reverted to a split setup on either side of the pilot, a la
294:
engine with a hollow propeller shaft for the cannon to fire through, and power the airframe, weighing 587 kilograms (1,294 lb) rather than the 500 kilograms (1,100 lb) of the SPAD VII, the 180 bhp
948:
221:
129:
331:
No units were entirely equipped with SPAD XIIs. The unknown number of aircraft produced were issued in small numbers, intended for use only by the most skilled pilots, such as
247:. BĂ©chereau took his own SPAD VII design as the starting point, but the many major and minor changes incorporated into the SPAD XII made it a quite different aircraft.
239:, who proposed that a manoeuvrable single-seat aircraft be designed to carry a 37 mm cannon, a weapon which had previously been mounted only in large two-seat
157:
285:
to allow the gun to fire through the propeller shaft, avoiding the problem of firing through the moving blades. The SPAD XII also carried a single 0.303 inch
662:
275:
1276:
939:
1256:
1266:
812:
46:
360:
896:
881:
849:
68:
725:
911:
506:
364:
932:
372:
39:
33:
433:
50:
529:
340:
1261:
925:
298:
direct-drive Ab engine was replaced by the geared 220 bhp model 8Cb, which also gave the SPAD XII a
522:
1124:
1119:
281:(SAMC), built by Puteaux, for which 12 shots were carried. The Hispano-Suiza aviation engine had to be
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
352:
286:
240:
856:
Cony, Christophe (January 1995). "Le Spad XII Canon (1 partie)" [The Canon-armed SPAD XII].
666:
323:
290:
90:
483:
368:
356:
344:
217:
139:
1271:
984:
979:
974:
969:
907:
892:
877:
861:
845:
808:
698:
603:
461:
336:
438:
399:
271:
236:
205:
106:
295:
282:
263:
209:
476:
348:
258:
729:
1250:
499:
327:
The 13th Aero
Squadron SPAD S.XII, showing the slight positive stagger of the wings.
426:
917:
1039:
1019:
312:
250:
254:
Restored HS.8Ca geared-output engine, similar to the 8Cb used on the SPAD S.XII
1034:
1024:
1004:
999:
994:
693:
683:
332:
244:
233:
185:
865:
1069:
1044:
1029:
1009:
688:
307:
299:
262:
A geared-output shaft HS.8C engine for a SPAD S.XII, showing the elevated
989:
963:
266:
to clear the 37mm cannon mounted in the "vee" between the cylinder banks.
213:
163:
202:
454:
414:
392:
322:
257:
249:
921:
18:
371:
receiving the code "0", it was primarily flown by the 13th's
606:
V-8 water-cooled piston engine, 164 kW (220 hp)
842:
The
Aeroplanes of the Royal Flying Corps (Military Wing)
876:
Stratford, Connecticut: Flying
Machines Press, 1997.
509:- One aircraft only, serving with 13th Aero Squadron.
1199:
1133:
1062:
1053:
956:
232:The SPAD XII was inspired by the ideas of French
645:2,000 m (6,600 ft) 6 minutes 3 seconds
270:The gun chosen for the SPAD XII was not the old
933:
8:
872:Davilla, James J., & Soltan, Arthur M.,
858:Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire
1059:
940:
926:
918:
789:
787:
807:. Osprey Publishing. pp. 12, 14–15.
627:203 km/h (126 mph, 110 kn)
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
887:Green, William and Swanborough, Gordon.
827:Green and Swanborough 1994, pp. 542–543.
32:This article includes a list of general
874:French Aircraft of the First World War.
717:
222:Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés
80:
302:(seen "nose-on") rotating propeller.
7:
904:SPAD XII/XIII aces of World War I.
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
805:SPAD XII/XIII Aces of World War I
777:SPAD XII/XIII aces of World War I
761:SPAD XII/XIII aces of World War I
745:SPAD XII/XIII aces of World War I
584:20.2 m (217 sq ft)
578:2.55 m (8 ft 4 in)
566:6.4 m (21 ft 0 in)
515:
492:
469:
447:
419:
407:
385:
89:
23:
1277:Single-engined tractor aircraft
572:8 m (26 ft 3 in)
1200:Trainers & sports aircraft
639:6,850 m (22,470 ft)
612:2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
212:developed from the successful
1:
1257:1910s French fighter aircraft
891:. New York: Smithmark, 1994.
889:The Complete Book of Fighters
545:The Complete Book of Fighters
278:Semi Automatique Moteur Canon
1267:Aircraft first flown in 1917
665:, 1 x .303 in (7.7 mm)
507:American Expeditionary Force
365:American Expeditionary Force
98:A USAAS SPAD S.XII in 1918.
596:883 kg (1,947 lb)
590:587 kg (1,294 lb)
16:French WW1 fighter aircraft
1293:
663:Puteaux single shot cannon
434:Imperial Russian Air Force
951:and Blériot-SPAD aircraft
906:Osprey Publishing, 2002.
860:(in French) (23): 39–42.
201:was a French single-seat
97:
88:
83:
844:. London: Putnam, 1982.
530:Yugoslav Royal Air Force
220:, chief designer of the
551:General characteristics
341:Fernand Henri Chavannes
53:more precise citations.
537:Specifications (S.XII)
328:
267:
255:
159:AĂ©ronautique Militaire
1063:Fighters & racers
803:Guttman, Jon (2002).
726:"The Cannon Pioneers"
523:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
326:
261:
253:
243:aircraft such as the
175:unknown, 300 ordered
486:- One aircraft only.
793:Bruce 1982, p. 560.
678:Related development
667:Vickers machine gun
373:Charles John Biddle
291:Vickers machine gun
154:Primary users
484:Royal Flying Corps
369:13th Aero Squadron
357:Royal Flying Corps
345:Henri Hay de Slade
329:
268:
256:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
814:978-1-84176-316-3
643:Time to altitude:
633:1 hour 45 minutes
604:Hispano-Suiza 8Cb
462:Serbian Air Force
367:, with the AEF's
353:François Battesti
337:Lionel de Marmier
274:cannon but a new
191:
190:
79:
78:
71:
1284:
1060:
966:-1, 2, 3 & 4
942:
935:
928:
919:
914:, 9781841763163.
869:
828:
825:
819:
818:
800:
794:
791:
782:
781:
780:. pp. 9–10.
772:
766:
765:
756:
750:
749:
748:. pp. 7, 9.
740:
734:
733:
728:. Archived from
722:
653:
637:Service ceiling:
620:
553:
521:
519:
518:
498:
496:
495:
475:
473:
472:
453:
451:
450:
439:Soviet Air Force
425:
423:
422:
413:
411:
410:
400:French Air Force
391:
389:
388:
361:Aviation Section
237:Georges Guynemer
206:fighter aircraft
182:
172:
118:
110:Type of aircraft
93:
81:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1236:
1195:
1129:
1055:
1049:
952:
946:
855:
837:
832:
831:
826:
822:
815:
802:
801:
797:
792:
785:
774:
773:
769:
764:. pp. 8–9.
758:
757:
753:
742:
741:
737:
724:
723:
719:
714:
709:
675:
661:1 x 37 mm
654:
649:
616:
549:
539:
516:
514:
493:
491:
470:
468:
448:
446:
420:
418:
408:
406:
386:
384:
381:
359:and one to the
321:
296:Hispano-Suiza 8
264:intake manifold
230:
218:Louis BĂ©chereau
210:First World War
180:
170:
162:
140:Louis BĂ©chereau
117:National origin
116:
111:
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1290:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
960:
958:
954:
953:
947:
945:
944:
937:
930:
922:
916:
915:
902:Guttman, Jon,
900:
885:
870:
853:
836:
833:
830:
829:
820:
813:
795:
783:
767:
751:
735:
732:on 2009-05-16.
716:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
702:
701:
699:De Bruyère C 1
696:
691:
686:
674:
671:
670:
669:
647:
646:
640:
634:
628:
625:Maximum speed:
614:
613:
607:
597:
591:
585:
579:
573:
567:
561:
538:
535:
534:
533:
526:
525:
511:
510:
503:
502:
488:
487:
480:
479:
477:United Kingdom
465:
464:
458:
457:
443:
442:
436:
430:
429:
403:
402:
396:
395:
380:
377:
349:Albert Deullin
320:
317:
289:(7.7 mm)
229:
226:
189:
188:
183:
181:Developed from
177:
176:
173:
167:
166:
155:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
119:
113:
112:
109:
104:
100:
99:
95:
94:
86:
85:
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1289:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1262:SPAD aircraft
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
965:
962:
961:
959:
957:SPAD aircraft
955:
950:
943:
938:
936:
931:
929:
924:
923:
920:
913:
909:
905:
901:
898:
897:0-8317-3939-8
894:
890:
886:
883:
882:0-9637110-4-0
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
854:
851:
850:0-370-30084-X
847:
843:
840:Bruce, J. M.
839:
838:
834:
824:
821:
816:
810:
806:
799:
796:
790:
788:
784:
779:
776:
771:
768:
763:
760:
755:
752:
747:
744:
739:
736:
731:
727:
721:
718:
711:
706:
704:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
681:
680:
679:
672:
668:
664:
660:
657:
656:
655:
652:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
622:
621:
619:
611:
608:
605:
601:
598:
595:
594:Gross weight:
592:
589:
588:Empty weight:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
555:
554:
552:
547:
546:
543:
536:
531:
528:
527:
524:
513:
512:
508:
505:
504:
501:
500:United States
490:
489:
485:
482:
481:
478:
467:
466:
463:
460:
459:
456:
445:
444:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
428:
416:
405:
404:
401:
398:
397:
394:
383:
382:
378:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
325:
318:
316:
314:
309:
303:
301:
297:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:
273:
265:
260:
252:
248:
246:
242:
238:
235:
227:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
204:
200:
196:
187:
184:
179:
178:
174:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
148:
146:First flight
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
126:Manufacturer
125:
124:
120:
115:
114:
108:
105:
102:
101:
96:
92:
87:
82:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1054:Blériot-SPAD
1014:
903:
888:
873:
857:
841:
835:Bibliography
823:
804:
798:
778:
775:
770:
762:
759:
754:
746:
743:
738:
730:the original
720:
703:
677:
676:
658:
650:
648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
617:
615:
609:
599:
593:
587:
581:
575:
569:
563:
557:
550:
548:
544:
541:
540:
427:Soviet Union
330:
304:
287:synchronized
277:
269:
231:
198:
194:
192:
171:Number built
158:
149:5 July 1917
65:
56:
37:
618:Performance
610:Propellers:
600:Powerplant:
313:Deperdussin
276:37 mm
228:Development
84:SPAD S.XII
51:introducing
1251:Categories
912:1841763160
707:References
694:SPAD S.XIV
684:SPAD S.VII
631:Endurance:
582:Wing area:
441:- Postwar.
333:Rene Fonck
245:Voisin III
234:flying ace
195:SPAD S.XII
186:Spad S.VII
34:references
1134:Airliners
866:1243-8650
689:SPAD S.XI
570:Wingspan:
542:Data from
532:- Postwar
379:Operators
308:SPAD XIII
300:clockwise
272:Hotchkiss
136:Designer
59:June 2013
1272:Biplanes
1056:aircraft
673:See also
651:Armament
241:"pusher"
224:(SPAD).
214:SPAD VII
164:Red Army
576:Height:
564:Length:
363:of the
319:Service
208:of the
203:biplane
199:SPAD 12
121:France
107:Fighter
47:improve
1040:S.XVII
1020:S.XIII
910:
895:
880:
864:
848:
811:
520:
497:
474:
455:Serbia
452:
424:
415:Russia
412:
393:France
390:
283:geared
36:, but
1191:S.126
1186:S.116
1125:S.710
1120:S.510
1035:S.XVI
1025:S.XIV
1015:S.XII
1005:S.VII
712:Notes
659:Guns:
558:Crew:
103:Role
1232:S.72
1227:S.54
1222:S.42
1217:S.34
1212:S.30
1207:S.29
1181:S.86
1176:S.66
1171:S.56
1166:S.50
1161:S.48
1156:S.46
1151:S.45
1146:S.33
1141:S.27
1115:S.91
1110:S.81
1105:S.71
1100:S.70
1095:S.61
1090:S.58
1085:S.51
1080:S.41
1075:S.26
1070:S.20
1045:S.XX
1030:S.XV
1010:S.XI
949:SPAD
908:ISBN
893:ISBN
878:ISBN
862:ISSN
846:ISBN
809:ISBN
602:1 Ă—
351:and
193:The
130:SPAD
1000:S.V
995:S.H
990:S.G
985:S.F
980:S.E
975:S.D
970:S.C
964:S.A
216:by
197:or
1253::
786:^
417:/
375:.
347:,
343:,
339:,
335:,
315:.
941:e
934:t
927:v
899:.
884:.
868:.
852:.
817:.
560:1
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
