828:
321:
357:, RSHA). Their principal responsibilities during wartime were to root-out partisans, subversive organizations, and any group opposed to Nazi ideas. In other cases, these foreign units of the SS were employed by major German firms to distribute propaganda for the Nazi cause among their compatriots and to police and control workers. In addition, the inclusion of other Germanic peoples was part of the Nazi attempt to collectively Germanize Europe, and for them, Germanization entailed the creation of an empire ruled by Germanic people at the expense of other races.
1997:
154:
38:
372:(Norwegian General SS); once caught, they were deported to Auschwitz. More Jews were rounded-up elsewhere, but the total number of Norwegian Jews captured never reached a thousand throughout the course of the war. Similar measures were planned by the SS against Danish Jews, who totaled about 6,500, but most of them managed to go into hiding or escape to Sweden before the senior German representative in Denmark, SS-General
717:. The movement claimed to have 6,127 members over the course of its existence but a large proportion at any given time were outside the Netherlands on the Eastern Front, meaning that all its units were likely to have been significantly understrength throughout its existence. Feldmeijer, who himself enlisted for service on the Eastern Front, participated in the killing of Dutch civilians in retaliation for attacks by the
54:
312:, a greater idea which transcended traditional political boundaries. While the SS leadership foresaw an imperialistic and semi-autonomous relationship for the Nordic or Germanic countries like Denmark, the Netherlands, and Norway as co-bearers of a greater Germanic empire, Hitler refused to grant them the same degree of independence despite ongoing pressure from ranking members of the SS.
689:. The Dutch SS was increasingly subordinated to the SS which weakened its ties to the NSB. It became part of the Germanic SS in November 1942 and was renamed. It slowly gravitated away from the NSB's Dutch nationalism towards the idea of integrating the Netherlands in a Greater Germany. It published a newspaper entitled
453:, or DNSAP). According to historian Martin Gutmann, this professional paramilitary group was "meant to replace the interned Danish army." By the winter of 1943, Martinsen had built up the unit to some 1,000 men commanded by two-dozen Danish Waffen-SS officers. Under plans devised by Himmler, Best, and Martinsen, the
258:
belief that the original Aryan-Germanic homeland rested in
Scandinavia and that, in a racial-ideological sense, people from there or the neighbouring northern European regions were a human reservoir of Nordic/Germanic blood. Conquest of Western Europe gave the Germans, and especially the SS, access
802:
for its service on the
Eastern Front in June 1941 led many members of the Norwegian SS to enlist and severely weakened it. As part of the SS's attempt to weaken Quisling's power, the Norwegian SS was renamed in July 1942 and brought into the Germanic SS. The organisation's membership reached a
267:" ("by blood exceptionally valuable assets"). Accordingly, some of them were recruited into the SS and enjoyed the highest privileges as did foreign workers from these regions, to include unrestrained sexual contact with German women. Eager to expand their reach, Nazis like Chief of the
437:) which he had latterly commanded as part of the Waffen-SS. It was divided into two parts. "Group I" acted as a uniformed paramilitary force, while "Group II" consisted of civilian sympathisers expected to fund the entity. The latter was transformed into a political party known as the
595:. The group claimed only 3,499 members in January 1944 and more than half were serving in some capacity on the Eastern Front and the historian David Littlejohn estimates the number of its active members in Belgium at fewer than 400 by this point. Under the leadership of
941:
SS branch, Dutch historian
Evertjan van Roekel also reports that there were between 22,000 and 25,000 men from the Netherlands who volunteered for service in the Waffen-SS, constituting the largest contingent amid "all the occupied countries of Western Europe."
368:. Of the 140,000 Jews that had lived in the Netherlands prior to 1940, around 24,000 survived the war by hiding. Despite their relatively small numbers, a total of 512 Jews from Oslo were hunted down by the Norwegian Police and the
259:
to these "potential recruits" who were considered part of the wider "Germanic family". Four of these conquered nations were ripe with
Germanic peoples according to Nazi estimations (Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, and Flanders).
924:, but was killed in 1942. Schalburg had been an instructional officer in the Danish infantry before joining the Waffen-SS. Both he and his wife became close friends of the Danish royal family, especially the Danish prince,
308:(later called the Schalburg Corps) came into being in April 1943. For the SS, they did not think of their compatriots in terms of national borders but in terms of Germanic racial makeup, known conceptually to them as
793:
personally attended the foundation ceremony for the
Norwegian SS and continued to bestow favour of Lie, preventing Quisling from prohibiting the formation's establishment although he later forbade members of the
2124:
803:
notional strength of 1,300 in 1944. A large part of the members were recruited from the police, and about 50 percent served in the Waffen SS on the
Eastern Front. It published a newspaper called
171:
571:, VNV) as the principal collaborationist group in Flanders. Unofficially, Himmler wanted to use the organization to penetrate occupied Belgium, which was under the control of a
2364:
844:
572:
633:, was assassinated on Verbelen's orders in February 1944. As the Allies entered Belgium in September 1944, many of the perpetrators and collaborators fled to Germany.
474:
446:
668:
2444:
859:
After the war, many
Germanic SS members were tried by their respective countries for treason. Independent war crimes trials outside the jurisdiction of the
2394:
884:
2109:
1949:
827:
292:, which would be policed by the SS as a security buffer for Germany. In 1940, the first manifestation of the Germanic SS appeared in Flanders as the
2563:
630:
2379:
2021:
693:
and served an important role in facilitating recruitment for Dutch Waffen SS units on the
Eastern Front. In principle, there were six regiments (
1593:
Craeybeckx, Jan (2009). "Belgian and
Flemish Fascism Before and During the Second World War". In Els Witte; Jan Craeybeckx; Alain Meynen (eds.).
2286:
875:, leading to several death sentences; an example being the commander of the Schalburg Corps, K.B. Martinsen. In Norway, Lie committed suicide.
755:, a career police officer who came from a notable family of writers who had recently returned to Norway after serving in the Balkans with the
609:, DeVlag and the SS-Vlaanderen collaborated in the killings of civilians and public figures in notional reprisals for attacks committed by the
1917:
1859:
1840:
1817:
1779:
1760:
1724:
1682:
1663:
1621:
1602:
1583:
1560:
2558:
2548:
638:
533:
in the Waffen-SS and
Hermans emigrated to Germany to work in Nazi radio propaganda, meaning that leadership of the formation passed to
2114:
1798:
621:
left a trail of death and destruction" and "countless people were deported to concentration camps", notably from the small village of
1898:
1705:
1640:
1541:
681:
faction and envisaged the force as a kind of political police unit rather than a strictly military one. Its base was established at
2236:
2078:
1808:
Puschner, Uwe (2013). "The Notions Völkisch and Nordic: A Conceptual Approximation". In Horst Junginger; Andreas Ă
kerlund (eds.).
2553:
2543:
2374:
2369:
2538:
2083:
2026:
895:
752:
2200:
1942:
851:
was disbanded in January 1943 amid a lack of personnel. In total, the total number of members was only 2,179 in March 1944.
1650:
Frijtag Drabbe KĂŒnzel, Geraldien von (2013). "Germanic Brothers: The Dutch and the Germanization of the Occupied East". In
320:
2384:
756:
457:
was used to crush Danish resistance. It participated in the murder of opposition figuresâincluding the Danish playwright,
2469:
2464:
2195:
584:
401:
2350:
2318:
2276:
726:
361:
504:) was originally founded in November 1940 and was one of the first collaborationist formations to become part of the
2291:
2119:
2103:
807:. Ultimately, it remained too small to represent a serious threat to Quisling's primacy in German-occupied Norway.
564:
438:
350:
241:
2296:
1935:
2281:
2134:
1996:
925:
2417:
2330:
2251:
2241:
1980:
1575:
576:
426:
2480:
2358:
2098:
952:
191:
107:
1886:
252:
The Nazi idea behind co-opting additional Germanic people into the SS stems to a certain extent from the
2129:
2016:
599:
534:
336:
254:
2485:
2497:
2340:
2303:
2139:
545:
2492:
2434:
2422:
2210:
2163:
2149:
1882:
921:
610:
430:
2011:
920:
Christian Schalburg had originally commanded Danish volunteers to the Nazi cause as part of the
819:. It had very few members and was considered merely a splinter Nazi group by Swiss authorities.
376:, could marshal the SS forces at his disposal and complete his planned raids and deportations.
2215:
2169:
1913:
1894:
1870:
1855:
1836:
1813:
1794:
1775:
1756:
1739:
1720:
1701:
1678:
1659:
1651:
1636:
1617:
1598:
1579:
1556:
1537:
760:
626:
462:
345:
343:
ideas. They typically served as local security police augmenting German units of the Gestapo,
236:
682:
2533:
2512:
2439:
2412:
2335:
2271:
2093:
2057:
2047:
1878:
860:
799:
790:
775:
718:
622:
260:
138:
508:
in October 1942. It was created as a political militia under the leadership of the radical
153:
2427:
2220:
2190:
771:
664:
445:) which drew a number of existing factions of the Danish extreme-right away from the main
324:
283:
227:
187:
175:
59:
556:
429:
who had recently returned to Denmark from the Eastern Front after the disbandment of the
37:
2308:
2266:
2088:
2042:
767:
604:
588:
539:
530:
514:
272:
268:
53:
2527:
2052:
1975:
1959:
1874:
1833:
Joining Hitler's Crusade: European Nations and the Invasion of the Soviet Union, 1941
1736:
The Patriotic Traitors: A History of Collaboration in German-Occupied Europe, 1940â45
1530:
889:
840:
202:
196:
157:
43:
1694:
226:âpopulation groups who were considered to be especially "racially suitable" by the
2507:
2475:
2325:
2313:
1828:
550:
518:
340:
207:
183:
103:
17:
304:
was formed. The final nation to contribute to the Germanic SS was Denmark, whose
2407:
2402:
864:
677:
373:
288:
263:
referred to people from these lands in terms of their Germanic suitability as, "
230:. They typically served as local security police augmenting German units of the
219:
117:
2174:
2062:
580:
510:
63:
1743:
2157:
1986:
835:
Separately from the Germanic SS, a number of so-called Germanic Battalions (
710:
706:
702:
698:
244:(RSHA), rendering them culpable for their participation in Nazi atrocities.
813:
An underground Nazi organization also existed in Switzerland, known as the
275:
considered the Germanic SS as foundational for a burgeoning German Empire.
278:
Himmler's vision for a Germanic SS started with grouping the Netherlands,
714:
614:
470:
458:
279:
951:
In total, forty-six Danes were executed by Danish courts, Martinsen and
2502:
2205:
872:
231:
215:
211:
67:
1927:
868:
848:
783:
686:
618:
583:
or SS. It was also used to staff the anti-Jewish units of the German
560:
559:. From 1943, it became associated with the radical political faction
223:
1696:
Perpetrators, Victims, Bystanders: The Jewish Catastrophe, 1933â1945
675:, NSB). Feldmeijer was a longstanding member of the party's radical
2125:
Office of the Reich Commissioner for Germanic Resettlement (RKFDV)
826:
319:
774:
even though the formation remained notionally part of Quisling's
613:. According to historian Jan Craeybeckx, "their 1944 raid in the
529:). Lagrou was killed on the Eastern Front while serving with the
843:
from among Flemish, Dutch, Norwegian, and Swiss expatriates and
587:
with auxiliary staff and provided guards for the prison camp at
365:
328:
1931:
384:
The following countries raised active Germanic SS detachments:
863:
were conducted in several European countries, such as in the
1308:
1306:
1269:
1267:
1254:
1252:
763:
was Lie's second in command. Lie was inspired by the German
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1191:
1189:
1187:
525:) and a short-lived youth movement called the Youth Front (
1869:
SĂžrensen, Ăystein (1995). "Germanske SS Norge (GSSN)". In
563:
which sought to supplant the larger and more conservative
521:. It included a reserve unit known as the Flanders Corps (
425:
shortly afterwards. It was formed under the leadership of
1633:
Die Schweiz aus der Sicht des Dritten Reiches, 1933-1945
327:
inspects the Germanske SS Norge on the Palace Square in
1717:
The Order of the Death's Head: The Story of Hitler's SS
1835:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
1677:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
1614:
Himmlers Norge. Nordmenn i det storgermanske prosjekt
1082:
998:
831:
Danish members of the Schalburg Corps, filmed in 1944
663:) was formed in September 1940 under the auspices of
1675:
Building a Nazi Europe: The SS's Germanic Volunteers
839:) were established in September 1942 as part of the
789:
although initially used its uniforms and structure.
770:
and established the Norwegian SS without consulting
751:) was established in May 1941 under the auspices of
2457:
2393:
2349:
2259:
2250:
2229:
2183:
2148:
2071:
2035:
2004:
1968:
1827:Roekel, Evertjan van (2018). "The Netherlands". In
386:
148:
131:
123:
113:
99:
91:
83:
78:
1772:Belgium and the Holocaust: Jews, Belgians, Germans
1693:
1529:
892:â a concept popularised before the First World War
364:, where the Germanic SS was employed to round-up
1810:Nordic Ideology between Religion and Scholarship
1656:Racial Science in Hitler's New Europe, 1938â1945
421:) was established in April 1943 and renamed the
194:between 1939 and 1945 under the auspices of the
1595:Political History of Belgium: From 1830 Onwards
673:Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland
669:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
461:âand bombed buildings with suspected links to
335:The purpose of the Germanic SS was to enforce
286:together into a western-Germanic state called
1943:
1658:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
1427:
798:from participating. The establishment of the
42:The Germanic SS were foreign branches of the
8:
782:, or NS). It was separate from the NS's own
451:Danmarks Nationalsocialistiske Arbejderparti
447:National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark
360:One of the most notorious groups was in the
30:
885:Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts
296:to be joined two-months later by the Dutch
2256:
1950:
1936:
1928:
1511:
1475:
1451:
1439:
1403:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1312:
1273:
1258:
1207:
1195:
240:(SD), and other departments of the German
898:â the Nazi Party's foreign administration
591:. It also published a newspaper entitled
1612:Emberland, Terje; Kott, Matthew (2012).
1415:
1285:
974:
349:(SD), and other main departments of the
1774:. Oxford and New York: Berghahn Books.
1499:
1487:
1297:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1118:
1010:
967:
913:
667:within the main collaborationist party
1812:. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang GmbH.
1324:
1046:
316:Duties and participation in atrocities
29:
2120:Main Office for Ethnic Germans (VOMI)
2115:Office of Race and Settlement (RuSHA)
1555:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1130:
1106:
1094:
1070:
1058:
1034:
1022:
986:
265:blutsmÀssig unerhört wertvolle KrÀfte
7:
1852:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
1463:
200:(SS). The units were modeled on the
2110:Economics and Administration Office
625:which was attacked in August 1944.
182:) was the collective name given to
25:
1910:Army of Evil: A History of the SS
1635:(in German). ZĂŒrich: Schulthess.
1616:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Aschehoug.
498:Algemeene Schutscharen Vlaanderen
1995:
1893:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen.
629:, the incumbent governor of the
300:, and in May 1941 the Norwegian
152:
52:
36:
2564:Collaboration with Nazi Germany
2027:Allgemeine-SS regional commands
1755:. Oxford and New York: Osprey.
1753:Hitler's Elite: The SS, 1939â45
896:Nazi Party/Foreign Organization
2237:SS-Begleitkommando des FĂŒhrers
2079:Personal Staff ReichsfĂŒhrer-SS
1912:. New York: Caliber Printing.
1891:Norsk krigsleksikon, 1940â1945
1572:The Oxford Handbook of Fascism
1553:The Final Solution: A Genocide
1:
2206:Secret State Police (Gestapo)
2084:Command Staff ReichsfĂŒhrer-SS
1793:. New York: Editions Rodopi.
1791:SS Thinking and the Holocaust
847:in Germany. A Danish unit in
71:
2470:German Earth and Stone Works
2465:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe
2418:Germaansche SS in Vlaanderen
2341:Security Battalions (Greece)
2211:State Security Police (SiPo)
2184:Police and security services
1700:. New York: Harper Collins.
1536:. New York: Franklin Watts.
490:Germaansche SS in Vlaanderen
2559:Switzerland in World War II
2549:Netherlands in World War II
2445:Finnish Volunteer Battalion
2413:Germaansche SS in Nederland
2221:Customs Border Guards (ZGS)
1719:. New York: Penguin Press.
1673:Gutmann, Martin R. (2017).
1570:Bosworth, R. J. B. (2009).
653:Germaansche SS in Nederland
2580:
2104:Reich Security Main Office
1734:Littlejohn, David (1972).
1532:A History of the Holocaust
1083:Frijtag Drabbe KĂŒnzel 2013
999:Frijtag Drabbe KĂŒnzel 2013
569:Vlaamsch Nationaal Verbond
351:Reich Security Main Office
242:Reich Security Main Office
2458:SS-controlled enterprises
1993:
1428:Emberland & Kott 2012
496:The General SS Flanders (
355:Reichssicherheitshauptamt
51:
35:
2216:SS Security Service (SD)
2150:Ideological institutions
1850:Shirer, William (1990).
1551:Bloxham, Donald (2009).
294:Allgemeene SS Vlaanderen
190:established in parts of
2554:Belgium in World War II
2544:Denmark in World War II
2331:Order Police battalions
2242:Reichssicherheitsdienst
2201:Criminal police (Kripo)
2191:Uniformed police (Orpo)
2099:Head Operational Office
1854:. New York: MJF Books.
1654:; Rory Yeomans (eds.).
1576:Oxford University Press
1574:. Oxford and New York:
573:military administration
565:Flemish National League
482:Algemeene SS Vlaanderen
439:Danish People's Defence
188:political organisations
2539:Norway in World War II
2481:German Equipment Works
2196:Schutzpolizei (Schupo)
1908:Weale, Adrian (2012).
1789:Mineau, André (2011).
1692:Hilberg, Raul (1992).
1528:Bauer, Yehuda (1982).
953:Flemming Helweg-Larsen
837:Germanische Sturmbanne
832:
816:Germanische SS Schweiz
332:
192:German-occupied Europe
179:
108:German-occupied Europe
27:Nordic Waffen-SS units
2375:SS Division Totenkopf
2370:SS Division Das Reich
2365:Leibstandarte (LSSAH)
1770:Mikhman, Dan (1998).
1751:McNab, Chris (2013).
1738:. London: Heinemann.
1715:Höhne, Heinz (2001).
937:Not only was there a
830:
323:
2017:SS and police leader
1981:SS-TotenkopfverbÀnde
1181:, pp. 142, 187.
757:SS Nordland Regiment
417:The Germanic Corps (
337:Nazi racial doctrine
132:Minister responsible
58:Headquarters of the
2380:SS Polizei Division
2359:SS-VerfĂŒgungstruppe
2351:Waffen-SS divisions
2304:Rollkommando Hamann
1631:Fink, JĂŒrg (1985).
1490:, pp. 196â202.
1430:, pp. 341â349.
1246:, pp. 188â189.
1133:, pp. 387â388.
1121:, pp. 241â243.
1097:, pp. 240â243.
1073:, pp. 105â106.
1061:, pp. 500â501.
908:Informational notes
823:Germanic battalions
721:in September 1943.
210:and established in
32:
2435:British Free Corps
2423:Germanske SS Norge
2385:SS Division Wiking
2164:Das Schwarze Korps
1883:Nils Johan Ringdal
1418:, p. 133â134.
922:Free Corps Denmark
833:
759:in the Waffen-SS.
747:The Norwegian SS (
741:Germanske SS Norge
656:in November 1942.
611:Belgian Resistance
431:Free Corps Denmark
390:Country or region
370:Germanske SS Norge
333:
18:SS-Schalburg Corps
2521:
2520:
2453:
2452:
2230:FĂŒhrer protection
2170:SS-Junker Schools
1919:978-0-451-23791-0
1871:Hans Fredrik Dahl
1861:978-1-56731-163-1
1842:978-1-31651-034-6
1819:978-3-63164-487-4
1781:978-965-308-068-3
1762:978-1-78200-088-4
1726:978-0-14139-012-3
1684:978-1-10715-543-5
1665:978-0-80324-605-8
1652:Anton Weiss-Wendt
1623:978-82-03-29308-5
1604:978-9-05487-517-8
1597:. Brussels: ASP.
1585:978-0-19-929131-1
1562:978-0-19955-034-0
1466:, pp. 72â75.
1382:, p. 30, 41.
1370:, pp. 29â30.
1085:, pp. 83â84.
977:, pp. 26â27.
845:volunteer workers
811:
810:
627:Alexandre Galopin
585:security services
463:Danish resistance
455:SS-Schalburgkorps
435:Freikorps Danmark
423:SS-Schalburgkorps
413:SS-Schalburgkorps
346:Sicherheitsdienst
237:Sicherheitsdienst
163:
162:
16:(Redirected from
2571:
2493:Allach porcelain
2440:Kaminski Brigade
2395:Foreign SS units
2272:Schutzmannschaft
2257:
2140:Education Office
2135:Personnel Office
2094:SS Medical Corps
2072:Main departments
2058:Heinrich Himmler
2048:Joseph Berchtold
1999:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1929:
1923:
1904:
1887:Ăystein SĂžrensen
1865:
1846:
1823:
1804:
1785:
1766:
1747:
1730:
1711:
1699:
1688:
1669:
1646:
1627:
1608:
1589:
1566:
1547:
1535:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1478:, pp. 74â5.
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1210:, pp. 72â3.
1205:
1199:
1193:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
956:
949:
943:
935:
929:
918:
861:Nuremberg Trials
800:Norwegian Legion
791:Heinrich Himmler
780:Nasjonal Samling
661:Nederlandsche SS
645:Nederlandsche SS
631:Société Générale
623:Meensel-Kiezegem
608:
579:rather than the
554:
543:
523:Vlaanderen-Korps
493:in October 1942
443:Dansk Folke VĂŠrn
419:Germansk Korpset
408:Germansk Korpset
387:
306:Germansk Korpset
298:Nederlandsche SS
261:Heinrich Himmler
174:
156:
139:Heinrich Himmler
73:
56:
40:
33:
21:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2449:
2428:Schalburg Corps
2389:
2345:
2252:Waffen-SS units
2246:
2225:
2179:
2144:
2067:
2031:
2012:ReichsfĂŒhrer-SS
2000:
1991:
1964:
1956:
1926:
1920:
1907:
1901:
1868:
1862:
1849:
1843:
1826:
1820:
1807:
1801:
1788:
1782:
1769:
1763:
1750:
1733:
1727:
1714:
1708:
1691:
1685:
1672:
1666:
1649:
1643:
1630:
1624:
1611:
1605:
1592:
1586:
1569:
1563:
1550:
1544:
1527:
1518:
1512:Littlejohn 1972
1510:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1482:
1476:Littlejohn 1972
1474:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1452:Littlejohn 1972
1450:
1446:
1440:Littlejohn 1972
1438:
1434:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1404:Littlejohn 1972
1402:
1398:
1392:Littlejohn 1972
1390:
1386:
1380:Littlejohn 1972
1378:
1374:
1368:Littlejohn 1972
1366:
1362:
1356:Littlejohn 1972
1354:
1350:
1344:Littlejohn 1972
1342:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1313:Craeybeckx 2009
1311:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1274:Littlejohn 1972
1272:
1265:
1259:Littlejohn 1972
1257:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1208:Littlejohn 1972
1206:
1202:
1196:Littlejohn 1972
1194:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1005:
997:
993:
985:
981:
973:
969:
960:
959:
950:
946:
936:
932:
919:
915:
905:
881:
857:
825:
772:Vidkun Quisling
765:Reichskommissar
737:
665:Henk Feldmeijer
649:
602:
600:Robert Verbelen
548:
537:
535:Jozef De Langhe
486:
382:
325:Vidkun Quisling
318:
284:French Flanders
250:
170:
144:
79:Agency overview
60:Schalburg Corps
57:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2577:
2575:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2526:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2486:Klinker-Zement
2483:
2478:
2473:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2355:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2319:Volksdeutscher
2311:
2309:Arajs Kommando
2306:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2269:
2267:Einsatzgruppen
2263:
2261:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2089:SS Main Office
2086:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2043:Julius Schreck
2039:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1932:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1905:
1899:
1866:
1860:
1847:
1841:
1824:
1818:
1805:
1800:978-9401207829
1799:
1786:
1780:
1767:
1761:
1748:
1731:
1725:
1712:
1706:
1689:
1683:
1670:
1664:
1647:
1641:
1628:
1622:
1609:
1603:
1590:
1584:
1567:
1561:
1548:
1542:
1524:
1517:
1516:
1504:
1502:, p. 198.
1492:
1480:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1408:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1360:
1358:, p. 100.
1348:
1329:
1327:, p. 216.
1317:
1315:, p. 205.
1302:
1300:, p. 212.
1290:
1288:, p. 483.
1278:
1276:, p. 156.
1263:
1261:, p. 155.
1248:
1236:
1234:, p. 188.
1224:
1222:, p. 143.
1212:
1200:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1147:
1145:, p. 142.
1135:
1123:
1111:
1109:, p. 387.
1099:
1087:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1039:
1037:, p. 105.
1027:
1025:, p. 500.
1015:
1013:, p. 209.
1003:
991:
989:, p. 265.
979:
966:
958:
957:
944:
930:
912:
911:
904:
901:
900:
899:
893:
887:
880:
877:
856:
853:
824:
821:
809:
808:
776:National Union
768:Josef Terboven
761:Sverre RiisnĂŠs
745:
729:
723:
722:
659:The Dutch SS (
657:
641:
635:
634:
597:Stormbanleider
589:Fort Breendonk
531:Flemish Legion
506:Germanische SS
494:
478:
467:
466:
427:K.B. Martinsen
415:
411:, renamed the
404:
398:
397:
394:
391:
381:
378:
317:
314:
273:Gottlob Berger
269:SS Main Office
249:
246:
180:Germanische SS
161:
160:
150:
146:
145:
143:
142:
135:
133:
129:
128:
127:~35,000 c.1943
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
87:September 1940
85:
81:
80:
76:
75:
49:
48:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2576:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2130:Courts Office
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2053:Erhard Heiden
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1976:Allgemeine SS
1974:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1960:Schutzstaffel
1953:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1921:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1900:82-02-14138-9
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1879:Berit NĂžkleby
1876:
1875:Guri Hjeltnes
1872:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1707:0-8419-0910-5
1703:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1642:3-7255-2430-0
1638:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1543:9780531056417
1539:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1514:, p. 47.
1513:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1454:, p. 41.
1453:
1448:
1445:
1442:, p. 40.
1441:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1416:SĂžrensen 1995
1412:
1409:
1406:, p. 39.
1405:
1400:
1397:
1394:, p. 32.
1393:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1346:, p. 98.
1345:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1286:Bosworth 2009
1282:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1198:, p. 73.
1197:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1169:, p. 65.
1168:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1049:, p. 45.
1048:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1001:, p. 93.
1000:
995:
992:
988:
983:
980:
976:
975:Puschner 2013
971:
968:
965:
964:
954:
948:
945:
940:
939:Nederlandsche
934:
931:
927:
923:
917:
914:
910:
909:
902:
897:
894:
891:
890:Pan-Germanism
888:
886:
883:
882:
878:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
854:
852:
850:
846:
842:
841:Allgemeine SS
838:
829:
822:
820:
818:
817:
806:
801:
797:
792:
788:
786:
781:
777:
773:
769:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
744:in July 1942
743:
742:
735:
734:
730:
728:
725:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
679:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
655:
654:
647:
646:
642:
640:
637:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
606:
601:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
552:
547:
546:Raf Van Hulse
541:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
513:
512:
507:
503:
499:
495:
492:
491:
484:
483:
479:
476:
472:
469:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
414:
410:
409:
405:
403:
400:
399:
395:
392:
389:
388:
385:
380:Organizations
379:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
347:
342:
339:, especially
338:
330:
326:
322:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
256:
248:Establishment
247:
245:
243:
239:
238:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
204:
203:Allgemeine SS
199:
198:
197:Schutzstaffel
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
168:
159:
158:Schutzstaffel
155:
151:
149:Parent agency
147:
140:
137:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
77:
69:
65:
61:
55:
50:
45:
44:Allgemeine SS
39:
34:
19:
2508:Sudetenquell
2476:Ostindustrie
2314:Selbstschutz
2277:Byelorussian
2260:Paramilitary
2162:
2106: (RSHA)
1958:
1909:
1890:
1851:
1832:
1829:David Stahel
1809:
1790:
1771:
1752:
1735:
1716:
1695:
1674:
1655:
1632:
1613:
1594:
1571:
1552:
1531:
1521:Bibliography
1520:
1519:
1507:
1500:Gutmann 2017
1495:
1488:Gutmann 2017
1483:
1471:
1459:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1411:
1399:
1387:
1375:
1363:
1351:
1320:
1298:Mikhman 1998
1293:
1281:
1244:Gutmann 2017
1239:
1232:Gutmann 2017
1227:
1220:Gutmann 2017
1215:
1203:
1179:Gutmann 2017
1174:
1167:Gutmann 2017
1162:
1157:, p. 8.
1155:Gutmann 2017
1150:
1143:Gutmann 2017
1138:
1126:
1119:Bloxham 2009
1114:
1102:
1090:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1042:
1030:
1018:
1011:Hilberg 1992
1006:
994:
982:
970:
962:
961:
947:
938:
933:
916:
907:
906:
858:
836:
834:
815:
814:
812:
804:
795:
784:
779:
764:
748:
740:
739:
738:renamed the
732:
731:
694:
690:
676:
672:
660:
652:
651:
650:renamed the
644:
643:
596:
592:
568:
557:Jef François
555:, and later
526:
522:
519:Ward Hermans
509:
505:
501:
497:
489:
488:
487:renamed the
481:
480:
454:
450:
442:
434:
422:
418:
412:
407:
406:
396:Description
383:
369:
359:
354:
344:
341:anti-Semitic
334:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
287:
277:
264:
253:
251:
235:
208:Nazi Germany
201:
195:
184:paramilitary
166:
164:
114:Headquarters
100:Jurisdiction
2513:Anton Loibl
2498:Apollinaris
2408:Germanic-SS
2403:Austrian SS
2022:SS commands
1325:Roekel 2018
1047:Mineau 2011
955:among them.
865:Netherlands
697:) based in
695:standaarden
639:Netherlands
603: [
577:German Army
575:run by the
549: [
538: [
515:René Lagrou
511:flamingants
502:Alg. SS-Vl.
374:Werner Best
362:Netherlands
220:Netherlands
167:Germanic SS
141:, 1939â1945
118:SS-Hauptamt
31:Germanic SS
2528:Categories
2287:Lithuanian
2175:Lebensborn
2063:Karl Hanke
2005:Leadership
1131:Weale 2012
1107:Weale 2012
1095:Bauer 1982
1071:McNab 2013
1059:Höhne 2001
1035:McNab 2013
1023:Höhne 2001
987:Weale 2012
903:References
805:Germaneren
719:resistance
701:, Arnhem,
581:Nazi Party
527:Jeugdfront
310:Deutschtum
95:8 May 1945
64:Copenhagen
2326:Trawnikis
2292:Ukrainian
2158:Ahnenerbe
1987:Waffen-SS
1744:463008186
1464:Fink 1985
963:Citations
787:regiments
753:Jonas Lie
749:Norges SS
733:Norges SS
711:Eindhoven
707:the Hague
703:Amsterdam
699:Groningen
593:De SS Man
302:Norges SS
289:Burgundia
172:âčSee Tfdâș
124:Employees
92:Dissolved
2297:Estonian
1969:Branches
1889:(eds.).
879:See also
715:Nijmegen
678:Völkisch
615:Hageland
471:Flanders
459:Kaj Munk
331:, Norway
255:Völkisch
2534:Nazi SS
2503:Mattoni
2361:(SS-VT)
2282:Latvian
2036:Leaders
1983:(SS-TV)
1831:(ed.).
873:Denmark
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685:, near
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176:German
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393:Name
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74:1943.
2336:Hiwi
1963:(SS)
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