Society of Saint Pius X - Knowledge (XXG)

1076:, Switzerland, as per a long-stated intention, had retired to one of the society's houses in order "to dedicate himself to prayer and silence, to celebrate the traditional Mass exclusively, and to work for Tradition, the only way of renewing the Church." In 2015, Bishop Huonder was sent by the former prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and one of Pope Francis' top advisers in the Vatican, Cardinal Gerhard Ludwig Müller to dialogue with the SSPX. After four years Bishop Huonder was permitted to go and live at the society's houses by Pope Francis. He became a big supporter of the society, reporting back positive things to Pope Francis and even producing a video titled "My journey to the SSPX – with Bishop Vitus Huonder" on Youtube. In that video, Bishop Vitus Huonder said that Pope Francis personally told him that the SSPX is not in schism. He was warmly received by the SSPX: 944: 791:, intimating that further penalties would be imposed per canon 2331 §1 of the then Code of Canon Law concerning obstinate disobedience to legitimate precepts or prohibitions of the Roman Pontiff. He was enjoined, within ten days of receipt of the letter, to take steps "to repair the scandal caused." In a letter of 17 July to Pope Paul VI, Lefebvre declared that he judged his action of 29 June to be legitimate. The Pope considered this response inadequate, and on his instructions, the Congregation for Bishops, on 22 July 1976, suspended Lefebvre for an indefinite time from all exercise of holy orders—he could not confer any of the Sacraments, save Reconciliation or Baptism in an emergency (suspension 1897: – In 1983, nine U.S. SSPX priests broke with or were forced to leave the SSPX's Northeast USA District partly because they were opposed to Lefebvre's instructions that Mass be celebrated according to the 1962 edition of the Roman Missal issued by Pope John XXIII. Those in SSPX circles refer to these priests as "the nine". They began their organization by refusing to complete a transaction of a church that the SSPX was attempting to purchase, using one of the nine priests as the buyer. The founding priests took the money intended for the purchase of the church and kept the church for themselves. A number of the SSPV's priests and the lay people who go to their Masses are openly 5050: 1090: 2201:"The situation is such, the work placed in our hands by the good Lord is such, that faced with this darkness in Rome, faced with the Roman authorities' pertinacity in error, faced with this refusal to return to truth or tradition on the part of those who occupy the seats of authority in Rome, faced with all these things, it seems to us that the good Lord is asking for the Church to continue. This is why it is likely that before I give account of my life to the good Lord, I shall have to consecrate some bishops" ( 4893: 247: 1836: 629:, but there was no approval from the Holy See congregation responsible for raising an association to the level desired by Lefebvre. Cardinal Wright's letter, dated 18 February 1971, said concerning the field of competence of Cardinal Wright's own Congregation, that the association "will be able to contribute much to accomplishing the plan drawn up by this Congregation for worldwide sharing of clergy." Cardinal Wright was still recommending prospective seminarians to apply to Écône as late as 1973. 1252: 1101: 78: 1901:, a position rejected by the SSPX. Issues occasioning the split were: Lefebvre's order that Society priests must accept the decrees of nullity handed down by diocesan marriage tribunals; the insistence that all Society Masses be celebrated according to the 1962 edition of the Roman Missal; the acceptance of new members into the group who had been ordained to the priesthood according to the revised sacramental rites of 5540: 1112: 459: 847:, had described the sacramental activity of bishops who had been consecrated without papal approval as "gravely illicit, that is, criminal and sacrilegious". The Roman authorities were grieved by Lefebvre's plan, but they began discussions with him and the SSPX, which led to the signing, on 5 May 1988, of a skeleton agreement between Lefebvre and Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the prefect of the 5554: 4811: 1810: 1056:'s organ for traditionalist societies, stated that the Holy See and the society were close to an agreement regularizing the society's status. In a letter of the same month it was announced that Pope Francis authorized diocesan bishops to grant to SSPX priests faculties to officiate at a marriage valid in the Catholic Church in cases where no priest in good standing could do so. 668: 1784: 1862: 2018:, denied the use of Nazi gas chambers to massacre Jews in a 2009 interview, the superior general of the society said that, if he repeated his denial, he would be expelled. His actual expulsion in 2012 was for refusing to show due respect and obedience to the SSPX authorities and calling on the superior general to resign. A German court convicted Williamson of 1974:, a former bishop of the SSPX who now aligns with the SSPX Resistance, wrote a pastoral letter, in which he stated that "women's trousers, as worn today, short or long, modest or immodest, tight or loose, open or disguised (like the 'culottes'), are an assault upon woman's womanhood and so they represent a deep-lying revolt against the order willed by God." 2094:, a Swedish television program focused on investigative journalism, alleged that four members of the SSPX—three priests and a former seminarian—had molested at least a dozen young people in several countries. The program also stated that evidence of abuse was kept secret by the SSPX and that the priests were allowed to continue in ministry. 940:

precept, while the other says "the perpetrator of a violation is not exempt from a penalty, but the penalty established by law or precept must be tempered or a penance employed in its place if the delict was committed by a person who thought in culpable error that one of the circumstances mentioned in can. 1323, nn. 4 or 5 was present."

1927:(FSSP) – It was established in 1988 after the Écône consecrations. Responding to the Holy See's declaration that these constituted a schismatic act and that those involved were thereby automatically excommunicated, twelve priests left the SSPX and established the FSSP, in full communion with the Holy See. 2048:. Priebke, a baptized Protestant, converted post-war with his wife to a form of Catholicism and had his children baptized. He rejected the cult of race as a "mistake that led down a path of no return." The ceremony did not take place due to protests by some 500 people, outside the society's Italian district house in 2189:

Pastorem, ab Ipso universo gregi praepositum, cum signum oboedientiae sit quae Patri ac Filio debetur (Cfr. Luc. 10, 16). Nos eos aperto corde exspectamus apertisque bracchiis ad eos prompte amplectendos: utinam humilitatis exemplum praebentes, ad gaudium Populi Dei rursus viam unitatis et amoris ingredi valeant! (

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Father Frédéric Abbet — On 13 December 2017, he was sentenced to 5 years by a Brussels appeal court for sexual abuse on a young boy in an SSPX boarding school. He had already faced accusations in his native Switzerland in 2005 but had been acquitted by an unofficial SSPX tribunal. Father Abbet was to

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The society's view is that, before Pope Francis's authorizations, their priests held "supplied" jurisdiction (power of governance) for confessions and marriages. They received this supplied jurisdiction by law and not "by delegation or by mandate of the Sovereign Pontiff or the diocesan bishops or of

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communicated that Pope Francis granted local ordinaries the right to give to a priest in good standing the faculty to preside at the marriage of the society's followers, immediately after which they will participate in a Mass celebrated by an SSPX priest, or, if no priest in good standing can receive

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then Code of Canon Law, Lefebvre was automatically suspended for one year from conferring ordination and that those whom he had ordained were automatically suspended from exercising the order received. It was also announced that the Holy See was examining Lefebvre's disobedience to the Pope's orders.

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The society is divided into two classes of territorial units called districts and autonomous houses, each headed by a superior. An autonomous house may become a district after three priories have been established within its jurisdiction. The most recent organizational addition of the society is the

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Kevin Gerard Sloniker, the former seminarian and the only person accused by name in the program, was expelled from the society's St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary in 2005, and began serving a life sentence in 2015. The remaining three accusations regard priests whose names have been withheld (referred to

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Since the grants by Pope Francis, the society says that its priests have or can have ordinary jurisdiction for the sacraments of confession and marriage. It adds that, in cases where a diocesan bishop refuses to grant delegation for a marriage, SSPX priests can still use extraordinary jurisdiction.

2052:, near Rome. The local authorities of the Catholic Church refused him a public funeral, citing a rule of canon law that, unless they gave some signs of repentance before death, a public funeral must be refused to manifest sinners to whom it cannot be granted without public scandal of the faithful. 776:, wrote directly to Lefebvre, confirming, by the Pope's special mandate, the prohibition to administer the holy orders, and warning him of the canonical penalties for Lefebvre himself and those whom he would ordain. Lefebvre ignored the warnings and went ahead with the ordinations on 29 June 1976. 1011:

Nine years later, on 21 January 2009, the Holy See remitted the excommunications of the society's bishops that it had declared at the time of the 1988 consecrations and expressed the hope that all members of the society would follow this up by speedily returning to full communion with the Church.

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Discussions between the Holy See and the Society of Saint Pius X towards an eventual reconciliation have been ongoing. For years after the 1988 consecrations, there was little if any dialogue between the SSPX and the Holy See. This state of affairs ended when the society led a large pilgrimage to

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By 1987, Archbishop Lefebvre was 81. If he had died at that point, the SSPX could have their members ordained to the priesthood only at the hands of non-SSPX bishops, regarded by Lefebvre as unreliable and unorthodox. In June 1987, Lefebvre announced his intention to consecrate a successor to the

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In that occasion's sermon, Lefebvre explicitly recognized that he might be struck with suspension, and the new priests with an irregularity that could theoretically prevent them from saying Mass. The next day, 1 July 1976, the Press Office of the Holy See declared that following canon 2373 of the

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In May 2020, the Kansas Bureau of Investigation stated that, as part of its investigation into the four Catholic dioceses in the state, it was also investigating accusations that SSPX members were either perpetrating or covering up clerical sex abuse in the state. The SSPX St. Mary's Rectory in

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opinions expressed by the two priests. In what he later described as a mood of "doubtlessly excessive indignation", Lefebvre wrote a declaration denouncing what he considered liberal trends "clearly evident" in the council and in the subsequent reforms. This document was leaked and published in

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Nos igitur iterum adhortamur hos Nostros fratres ac filios, eosque exoramus, ut conscii fiant gravium vulnerum quae secus Ecclesiae illaturi sunt. Invitationem ipsis iteramus, ut secum recogitent gravia Christi monita de Ecclesiae unitate (Cfr. Io. 17, 21 ss.) ac de oboedientia erga legitimum

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That is a very significant action of the Holy Father, and it also indicates that in some way there must be a reconciliation of the SSPX because basically what the Pope is saying is that the priests in this society, when they witness marriages, are exercising jurisdiction in the Roman Catholic

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In July 2017 Bishop Fellay signed a document along with a number of other clergy and academics labelled as a "Filial Correction" of Pope Francis. In twenty-five-page document, which was made public in September after receiving no reply from the Holy See, they criticized the Pope for allegedly

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of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, the first of which says that "a person who acted coerced by grave fear, even if only relatively grave, or due to necessity or grave inconvenience unless the act is intrinsically evil or tends to the harm of souls" is not subject to penalty for violating a law or

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as "withdrawal of submission to the Supreme Pontiff or from communion with the members of the Church subject to him" (canon 751), the consecration "constitute a schismatic act", and that, by virtue of canon 1382 of the Code, it entailed ipso facto excommunication for all the bishops involved.

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Lefebvre announced that he intended to confer ordination on some of his students at the end of June 1976. On 12 June 1976, the Nuncio in Switzerland was given instructions to inform Lefebvre that, by special order of Pope Paul VI, he was forbidden to do so. On 25 June 1976, Archbishop

862:'s instructions, Cardinal Ratzinger replied to Lefebvre on 30 May, insisting on the observance of the May 5 agreement and adding that, if Lefebvre carried out unauthorized consecrations on 30 June, the promised authorization for the ordination to the episcopacy would be withdrawn. 2098:

in the program as Fathers P, S, and M); their accusers have likewise remained anonymous. Nonetheless, P was the subject of a canonical trial presided over by Bishop Fellay, authorized by the Holy See in 2013; he was found guilty, and subsequently ordered to retire to a monastery.

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on 20 August 1981; he later participated in the 1988 Écône consecrations, declaring "my presence here at this ceremony is a matter of conscience: It is the duty of a profession of the Catholic Faith before the entire Church." After his retirement, Bishop Mayer founded the

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are inconsistent with Catholic teaching and doctrine, a claim that the Holy See views as unacceptable, but recent discussions have indicated the possibility of an understanding. In an interview on 4 March 2017 with DICI, the official news organ of the society, Bishop

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school of thought. The founders of the institute seceded in 1985 from the Society of St. Pius X under the leadership of Fr. Francesco Ricossa, a one-time faculty member of the Écône seminary. In contrast to the North American-based SSPV, this Institute is based in

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The first sign of curial intervention was a Vatican meeting on 26 March 1974. By June 1974, a commission of cardinals had been formed to inquire into the SSPX, and decided on a canonical visitation of the seminary by two Belgian priests, held 11–13 November 1974.

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SSPX priest and former headmaster who was sentenced in September 2004 by a Bordeaux criminal court to one year for sexual assaults on an adult woman and a thirteen-year-old girl. He appealed the sentence and lost on 17 March 2005. He then brought the case to the

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was arrested in an SSPX priory. The priory's superiors claimed that they had granted him asylum as "an act of charity to a homeless man". They claimed no knowledge about the man's background when he first appeared in the priory. On his death, in 1996, an SSPX

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Whether it is a question of religious liberty, collegiality, ecumenism, the new Mass, or even the new rites of the sacraments And now all of a sudden, on these points that have been stumbling blocks, the emissaries from Rome tell us that they are open

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For the Jubilee Year I had also granted that those faithful who, for various reasons, attend churches officiated by the priests of the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Pius X, can validly and licitly receive the sacramental absolution of their

428:. In addition, the Holy See named SSPX bishop Fellay as judge in a canonical trial against one of the society's priests. The significance of these recognitions is that, unlike other Catholic sacraments, both confession and marriage require 928:

Lefebvre argued that his actions had been necessary because the traditional form of the Catholic faith and sacraments would become extinct without Traditionalist clergy to pass them on to the next generation. He called the ordinations

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to official status at the diocesan level. Lefebvre attempted to bypass this stage and contacted three different Holy See departments to secure early recognition for his society. He successfully obtained a letter of encouragement from

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Father Matthew Stafki — On 27 June 2023, he was sentenced to 90 months in prison by a Sherburne County, Minnesota court for sexually abusing his niece. The abuse started when his niece was 9 years old and continued until she was

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The establishment of the SSPX was unwelcome to some churchmen, most notably the French bishops, whose theological outlook differed from Lefebvre's, and who had important connections with the Holy See Cardinal Secretary of State,

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status that his predecessor had granted. In the same month, Lefebvre was summoned to the Vatican, meeting with the cardinals on 13 February and 3 March. Lefebvre was surprised by their hostility: at one point a French cardinal,

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Autonomous House of Central America and the Caribbean, formed from territory taken from the District of Mexico, erected on 1 October 2017. Over 120 (>20%) of the society's priests are stationed in the District of France.

390:: Archbishop Lefebvre consecrated four bishops without the Apostolic Mandate and against a personal warning by Pope John Paul II, resulting in Rome declaring that the bishops who consecrated or were consecrated had incurred 1939:, IBP) was established as a papally-recognized society of apostolic life on 8 September 2006 for a group of SSPX members who maintained it was time for the society to accept reconciliation with Pope Benedict XVI. 651:

any of Lefebvre's priests in their dioceses which was the opposite of the desire to incardinate the society's priests by some Swiss bishops. They also publicly criticised Catholics who remained attached to the

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issued a decree declaring that Archbishop Lefebvre and the four newly ordained bishops had incurred the automatic canonical penalty of excommunication reserved to the Holy See. On the following day, 2 July,

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There have been two major kinds of splits from the SSPX. Two notable splits of the first kind involved priests who viewed the SSPX as too liberal and who use the form that the Mass had before

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rebuked Archbishop Lefebvre by name—reportedly the first time in 200 years that a pope had publicly reprimanded a Catholic bishop—and appealed to him and his followers to change their minds.

3242: 1951:, FSSR) founded as a religious community affiliated with the SSPX in 1988. In 2008 the community petitioned to be reconciled with the Holy See, which was accepted by then Pope Benedict XVI. 865:

On 3 June, Lefebvre wrote that he intended to proceed. On 9 June, the Pope replied with a personal letter, appealing to him to abandon a design that "would be seen as nothing other than a

436:. While its critics claim the society's priests were not explicitly granted the requisite jurisdiction, it contends that they possessed "supplied jurisdiction" for confessions due to a " 6499: 1171:

On 20 November 2016, Pope Francis personally and indefinitely extended an allowance he created during the Holy Year of 2015 for penitents confessing to priests affiliated with the SSPX:

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Some members of the SSPX disassociated themselves from the society as a result of Lefebvre's actions and, with the approval of the Holy See, formed a separate society called the

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that what Pope Francis had decided in March 2017 was instead that, "from now on, the weddings celebrated by the priests from the FSSPX are going to be recognized", Cardinal

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As of March 2021, the society had 3 bishops and 676 priests residing in 36 countries, 760 Mass centers, 159 priories, 135 religious brothers, 82 sister oblates, 190

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remains unresolved. The 2010s saw growing recognition by the Holy See of its sacramental and pastoral activities, with papal recognition extended indefinitely in 2017 to

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in their defense, the declared excommunication of the surviving bishops was at their request removed in 2009 in the hope of speedily reaching "full reconciliation and

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serve the prison sentence in his native Switzerland, where it was later discovered he never did serve his prison sentence but instead lived freely in the community.

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as a recognized society of apostolic life, it has nonetheless benefited from some significant allowances normally granted only to recognized orders and societies.

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The canonical situation of the SSPX and of its clergy has been the subject of controversy since the 1988 Écône consecrations. While the society is not listed in

697:, later the society's superior general during 1983–1994, said that their report was favourable. However, the seminarians and staff at Écône were shocked by some 5808: 5631: 4148: 1206:

said that the SSPX was not schismatic as it prays for the Pope during Mass. Bishop Schneider states clearly that Catholics can attend the chapels of the SSPX.

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In September 1970, shortly after his retirement as Superior General of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit, Lefebvre was approached by eleven members of the

1980:, in covering SSPX, described their female adherents as being "Women in long, modest skirts vans that had enough seats to accommodate eight or nine kids." 4633: 1193:

This summer it was confirmed that the Superior General can freely ordain the priests of the society without having to ask permission from the local bishop.

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on 29 January 2017, Bishop Fellay announced that theological discussions with the Holy See had led to permission for the society to licitly ordain priests:

831:. In the Catholic Church, a bishop requires the mandate of the Pope if he is to consecrate a bishop, and an unauthorized consecration automatically incurs 4368: 3903: 4861: 4087: 1147: 848: 1235:, not the society, that in the document are authorized, if they wish, to delegate jurisdiction to SSPX priests to assist canonically at some marriages. 943: 4071: 1991:" attire. Women are recommended to wear skirts that fall at least below the knee, and no tight-fitting clothing. It is customary for women to wear a 5584: 591:.) The Society of Saint Pius X was formally founded, adhering to all canonical norms, and receiving the episcopal blessing and encouragement of the 393: 555:. Charrière granted Lefebvre's request and, with a document predated by six days to 1 November 1970, he established the Society of St. Pius X as a 5877: 4399: 3949: 6171: 5833: 5319: 5001: 4277: 1698: 672: 596: 433: 399: 6290: 5859: 3452: 2190: 582: 310: 869:, the theological and canonical consequences of which are known to you." Lefebvre did not reply, and the letter was made public on 16 June. 6489: 5149: 4618: 3969: 1887:. The other kind involved groups who have reconciled with the Holy See and who, like the SSPX, use the 1962 edition of the Roman Missal. 6474: 5867: 5577: 4846: 4711: 2175:"Archbishop Lefebvre was told that this examination was very positive and that he just had to come to Rome and clarify some questions." 1965: 1104: 493: 2055:

Despite controversies surrounding Nazism, the society mentioned that Archbishop Lefebvre's father, René Lefebvre, met his death in the

6166: 5818: 5803: 5650: 5399: 5333: 5028: 4856: 4840: 4835: 4777: 2227:"A bishop who consecrates someone a bishop without a pontifical mandate and the person who receives the consecration from him incur a 2106:

Kansas faced sex abuse allegations, although both the U.S. district of the society and the St. Mary's Rectory denied the allegations.

1924: 1046: 958: 368: 31: 5219: 6409: 5798: 5340: 5326: 4761: 4731: 4602: 4575: 4548: 4322: 4297: 4047: 4018: 3989: 3824: 3797: 3766: 3526: 3478: 3426: 3396: 3366: 3336: 3306: 1851: 1799: 417: 345: 286: 3833: 3707: 1713:; the former seminary complex continues to house the novitiate of the religious brothers. Other seminaries are located in France ( 683:. As of 2021, the society has six seminaries – apart from Switzerland in Germany, France, Argentina, Australia, and United States. 6469: 6235: 6136: 5947: 5695: 5544: 5480: 5308: 4954: 4825: 3870: 3404: 3374: 3344: 3314: 3284: 986: 444: 403: 333: 4264: 6484: 1267:, 63 pre-seminarians in three pre-seminaries. Edizioni Piane is the FSSPX's official publishing house in its Italian district. 773: 497: 425: 6146: 5828: 5813: 5407: 5364: 5049: 4930: 4454: 4135: 3655: 1942: 1930: 1742: 551:, with a request to set up a religious society. He told them, if he said to go through with it, he would see in it a sign of 6065: 4424: 516:. They sought Lefebvre's advice on a conservative seminary where they could complete their studies. He directed them to the 3585: 3256: 543:

to teach the seminarians personally, Lefebvre, feeling too old to undertake such a large project, told them he would visit

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of Lefebvre, at the meeting of the French episcopal conference at Lourdes in 1972 the seminary at Écône was nicknamed

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status was the first stage through which a Catholic organisation passed prior to gaining official recognition as a

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status. Lefebvre instructed his lawyer to lodge appeals, and he ultimately petitioned the Supreme Tribunal of the

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to the newly formed group, and in 1971 the first 24 candidates entered, followed by a further 32 in October 1972.

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Father Christophe Roisnel — On 16 February 2018, this former school headmaster was sentenced to 19 years by the

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Discussions since then have been complex, stemming from the society's insistence that the teachings of the

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If the SSPX priests can receive faculties, and they have, all over the place, then they are not suspended.

1016: 1005: 921: 750: 618: 517: 475: 294: 4584: 4557: 4530: 4517: 4504: 5637: 4491: 4292: 4173: 1746: 877: 721: 6022: 5515: 4518:"Vatican names Bishop Fellay to hear canonical charge against SSPX priest, despite bishop's suspension" 3953: 6060: 6007: 6002: 5977: 5957: 5666: 5233: 5191: 5142: 5079: 4638: 4623: 4437: 4433: 4357: 4342: 4327: 3621: 1720: 1203: 893: 872:

On 30 June 1988, Archbishop Lefebvre proceeded to ordain to the episcopate four priests of the SSPX.

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reports "P refused to go and, according to officials of the SSPX, joined Williamson's Resistance."

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in which he condemned the Archbishop's action. The Pope stated that, since schism is defined in the

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in general, the SSPX was born out of opposition to changes in the Catholic Church that followed the

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at Rockdale, Sydney, Australia, 16 October 1990, by Father Gerard Hogan and Father François Laisney

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criminal court of appeal for multiple counts of rape and acts of torture on female school teachers.

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in 2018. Several organisations derive from the SSPX such as the mostly American and effectively

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Lefebvre and the society's leadership always maintained that he was treated unfairly by the

698: 657: 349: 6430: 6328: 6191: 5982: 5917: 5776: 5679: 5626: 5114: 5065: 4994: 4975: 4236: 2423: 2166:. SSPX rejects being called "Lefebvrist" because the term implies that it is not Catholic. 1884: 1776: 1100: 832: 653: 536: 532: 485: 463: 337: 290: 133: 4308:"Burke: 'There is a very dangerous confusion and also with the confusion come divisions'" 3540: 443:

In 2022, the society states it has over 700 priestly members, with 1,135 total members.

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episcopacy. He implied that he intended to do this with or without the approval of the

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Conference of Father Franz Schmidberger, superior general of the Society of St. Pius X

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promoting heresy through various words, actions and omissions during his pontificate.

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In the same month of March 2017, Archbishop Guido Pozzo, the prelate in charge of the

6463: 6353: 6275: 5952: 5508: 5494: 4916: 4153: 4067: 3536: 3513: 3462: 2045: 1984: 1898: 1737:). The society also runs pre-seminaries for prospective priestly vocations in Italy ( 1274:

The society managed to triple the number of its chapels in Poland from 2019 to 2021.

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Martiniere, Mathieu; Périsse, Mathieu; Gastaldi, Daphné; Fegan, Ali (5 April 2017).

1111: 783:

On 11 July 1976, Lefebvre signed a certificate of receipt of a letter from Cardinal

749:, that the suppression of the SSPX was unjust, and that the procedures violated the 458: 6348: 6323: 5644: 5212: 5205: 5128: 5023: 4474: 4459: 4312: 4115: 4099: 2232: 2215: 2044:

On 16 October 2013, the society offered to perform a funeral for Nazi war criminal

2038: 2033: 1976: 1902: 1890:

Groups which broke with the SSPX which are not recognized by the Holy See include:

1215: 1028: 915: 812: 761: 710: 4323:"Trucker who molested boys from his church will spend at least 35 years in prison" 3647: 4492:"Bishop Fellay to expel Bishop Williamson from SSPX if he denies Holocaust again" 3933: 3442: 6027: 5972: 5758: 5459: 5156: 4745: 4716: 3999:"Part I. Title III. Those who are liable to Penal Sanctions (Cann. 1321 - 1330)" 1841: 1053: 746: 680: 676: 648: 600: 521: 450:

Worldwide, there are an estimated 600,000 people who attend SSPX Mass centres.

329: 322: 105: 5553: 4810: 4585:"SSPX bishops authorized to ordain priests without permission of local bishops" 3015: 3013: 6387: 5872: 5442: 4806: 4389: 1773: 1724: 1260: 936: 732:

On 6 May 1975, with the cardinals' approval, Bishop Mamie withdrew the SSPX's

482: 437: 5569: 4634:"Kansas investigating sexual abuse claims in breakaway Society of St. Pius X" 6300: 4374: 2067: 2030: 1705:. Its largest is located in the United States: St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary, 1020: 947: 667: 143: 3678:"A Story of Providence: Born in a Time of Confusion for Holy Mother Church" 1701:

founded by the society is the St. Pius X International Seminary located in

4908: 4231:"Bishop Williamson takes aim at women's trousers and 'The Sound of Music'" 606:

Normally, after a suitable period of experience and consultation with the

5897: 4369:"The hidden sex abuse cases at a Franco-Swiss Catholic priest fraternity" 4278:"Paedophile priest found free in Switzerland after conviction in Belgium" 4028:"Part II. Title III. Offences against the Sacraments (Cann. 1379 - 1389)" 3744: 2136: 2116: 981:, the SSJV was reconstituted in January 2002 by Pope John Paul II as the 828: 607: 402:. Though the SSPX denied that the bishops incurred any penalty, claiming 383: 4338:"Un abbé intégriste condamné à 19 ans de réclusion en appel pour viols" 4200: 3708:"The Society of Saint Pius X Reaches Milestone of 700 Priestly Members" 2060: 1815: 1734: 819:

of four SSPX priests as bishops in 1988, in violation of the orders of

622: 3890: 1995:

during prayer and worship. Men are encouraged to wear suits and ties.

1709:, and having outgrown its previous facilities, relocated in 2016 from 3444:

Les formes contemporaines de l'antimaçonnisme: Sciences des religions

2079: 2014:

After Bishop Richard Williamson, the subject of the complaint by the

1920:

Groups which broke with the SSPX which reconciled with Rome include:

1789: 1255:

A liturgy held at the society's St. Jude's Chapel, Philadelphia, U.S.

1151:

the couple's consent, to give the faculty instead to an SSPX priest.

881: 756:

The SSPX continued to operate in spite of its discountenance. In the

3677: 17: 5834:

Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Still River, Massachusetts)

4415:"Report charges cover-up of sexual abuse by traditionalist society" 478:(1962–1965). The founder and central figure of the society was the 4690:"Pope approves provisions to recognize marriages of SSPX faithful" 3775: 2447: 2445: 2443: 1867: 1250: 1110: 1099: 1088: 942: 666: 528: 457: 341: 4791:"Pédophilie: un prêtre valaisan de la FSSPX condamné en Belgique" 4739:

Fegan, Ali; Svensson, Lars-Göran; Andersson, Ida (6 April 2017).

4710:

Fegan, Ali; Svensson, Lars-Göran; Andersson, Ida (6 April 2017).

3806: 2191:

Consistory for the creation of twenty new cardinals, 24 May 1976)

6172:

Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Richmond, New Hampshire)

4353:"VIOLS Un prêtre intégriste poursuivi pour agressions sexuelles" 4268: 3177: 3175: 713:

of Fribourg wrote to Rome stating his intention to withdraw the

661: 513: 5573: 4912: 3720: 1968:, few married women work, especially once they have children." 884:, assisted in the ceremony. Those consecrated as Bishops were: 4712:"Pope helped SSPX after scandal with Holocaust-denying bishop" 3118: 935:("Operation Survival"), citing in his defense canons 1323 and 709:

Lefebvre was in serious difficulties. In January 1975, Bishop

5268:

Dialogue between the Holy See and the Society of Saint Pius X

2162:

Members and faithful of this group are pejoratively known as

1128:

Dialogue between the Holy See and the Society of Saint Pius X

999:

Dialogue between the Holy See and the Society of Saint Pius X

656:. By this time, the SSPX had opened additional seminaries in 5850:

Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney

5523:

Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney

4903: 4149:"New pastoral provisions for Sacrament of Marriage for SSPX" 2063:; he died, "his rosary in hand, a victim of Nazi insanity." 983:

Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney

702:

January 1975, in the French Traditionalist Catholic journal

4619:"Pope extends Jubilee mandate on abortion, SSPX confession" 2407: 2405: 2368: 2366: 2353: 2351: 447:, mostly based in France, are associated with the society. 4778:"Swiss priest convicted of sexual abuse at Belgian school" 4211:"Conservative Theologians Accuse Pope of Spreading Heresy" 3695:"Joint communiqué of Bishop Huonder and Father Pagliarani" 3243:"Former priest sentenced for sexual assault of young girl" 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 1987:, though there is no strict dress code, the SSPX advises “ 1158:

commented that suspended priests cannot receive faculties:

950:, Archbishop Lefebvre giving Communion assisted by Father 4531:"Vatican official confirms: agreement with SSPX is close" 4400:"Vatican threatens dissident priest with excommunication" 2894: 2892: 2890: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2759: 2757: 1118:, Vienna, Austria, received by the SSPX as a gift in 2021 4843:, a related group in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church 4656:"Lefebvre movement: long, troubled history with Judaism" 4195:"German Court Convicts British Holocaust-denying Bishop" 811:

A central controversy surrounding the SSPX concerns the

251: 4886: 3473:] (in Italian). Rome: Associazione Uomo e Libertà. 3106: 3094: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2424:

https://sspx.org/en/general-statistics-about-sspx-30870

561:(Latin, for "pious, or holy, union") on a provisional ( 309:

until 1968. The society was initially established as a

237: 4898: 4671:"Nazi war criminal's SSPX funeral stopped by protests" 4247:"Government announces probe into SSPX associate group" 2552: 2550: 2525: 2523: 2462: 2460: 2266: 2264: 2059:

in February 1944, three years after his arrest by the

977:(SSJV). Under the leadership of his successor, Bishop 5282:

Controversies surrounding the Society of Saint Pius X

2124:

in Paris, which upheld the sentence on 26 April 2006.

2005:

Controversies surrounding the Society of Saint Pius X

3871:"Bishop Schneider Comes to the SSPX's Defense Again" 3622:"Bishop de Castro Mayer's 1988 declaration at Econe" 3447:(in French). Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles. 2909: 2907: 6423: 6397: 6386: 6316: 6283: 6274: 6244: 6223: 6214: 6184: 6124: 6117: 6106: 6097: 6041: 5906: 5858: 5842: 5784: 5771: 5741: 5688: 5622:

Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council

5614: 5607: 5426: 5375: 5307: 5243: 5057: 4946: 2451: 232: 193: 181: 150: 139: 129: 111: 101: 84: 5275:Canonical situation of the Society of Saint Pius X 4367: 4229: 4193: 3502:"The Heirs of Archbishop Lefebvre and the Council" 3078: 3076: 2822: 2820: 1124:Canonical situation of the Society of Saint Pius X 4265:"Decree of Excomunication of Archbishop Lefebvre" 3573:"Supplied Jurisdiction & Traditional Priests" 3181: 2580: 1222:, who had not seen the actual document, remarked: 27:Traditionalist association in the Catholic Church 3858:"Society of Saint Pius X: Ordinations 2020–2021" 3606:"Validity of SSPX's confessions & marriages" 2992: 2838: 2676: 2294: 2231:excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See" ( 6500:Catholic Church sexual abuse scandals in France 5261:Superior General of the Society of Saint Pius X 4741:"New cover-ups of assaults by Catholic priests" 4385:"Historic Viennese church given to Lefebvrists" 4383:Pongratz-Lippitt, Christa (15 September 2021). 3019: 2628: 2502: 2110:List of SSPX Priests sentenced for sexual abuse 424:allowed to grant delegation to its priests for 293:. Lefebvre was a leading traditionalist at the 4174:"Ask Father: What's the truth about the SSPX?" 3975:Book III - The Teaching Function of the Church 3904:"Short History of the Society of Saint Pius X" 1107:, Netherlands, operated by the SSPX since 2015 313:of the Catholic Church with the permission of 5809:Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest 5632:List of communities using the Tridentine Mass 5585: 4924: 4293:"The Wanderer Interviews Fr. Aulagnier, SSPX" 3586:"The 1974 Declaration of Archbishop Lefebvre" 3441:Schreiber, Jean-Philippe (15 November 2019). 3379:"Chapter 11: The Ordinations of 29 June 1976" 2568: 2066:The society is also known for supporting the 1728: 462:Lefebvre, the society's founder, celebrating 8: 3349:"Chapter 10: The War of Attrition Continues" 2724: 2411: 2384: 2372: 2357: 2041:was offered for his soul, upon his request. 1934: 1879:Notable groups that have split from the SSPX 1723:), Germany (Sacred Heart of Jesus Seminary, 1714: 930: 815:by Archbishop Lefebvre and Brazilian bishop 642: 55: 39: 6480:Christian organizations established in 1970 4120:"Apostolic Letter "Misericordia et misera"" 3635:"Do priests of the SSPX have jurisdiction?" 3257:"SSPX Priest Charged with Child Sex Crimes" 1946: 1133: 913: 840: 792: 733: 714: 611: 586: 568: 562: 556: 391: 298: 6394: 6280: 6220: 6121: 6114: 6103: 5910: 5781: 5611: 5592: 5578: 5570: 5357:Priestly Union of Saint Jean-Marie Vianney 4931: 4917: 4909: 4891: 4862:The International Seminary of Saint Pius X 3921:"Fr. Schmidberger: 40 years of priesthood" 3142: 2925: 2898: 2881: 2763: 2490: 2306: 2255: 1610: 1276: 1148:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 849:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 245: 38: 3539:by Fr. Jaime Pazat de Lys. Archived from 3193: 3067: 3055: 3043: 2712: 1964:position for gender roles is upheld; "In 975:Priestly Union of Saint John Mary Vianney 289:fraternity founded in 1970 by Archbishop 6410:Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church 3721:"We look forward to seeing you at Mass!" 3543:on 5 December 2013 – via sspx.org. 3229: 2956: 2811: 2787: 2688: 2640: 2514: 2318: 2270: 1956:Lifestyle and clothing amongst adherents 1756: 1096:, Paris, occupied by the SSPX since 1977 488:, who had served the Catholic Church as 5878:Latin Mass Society of England and Wales 4033:Book VI - Penal Sanctions in the Church 4004:Book VI - Penal Sanctions in the Church 3319:"Chapter 4: The Campaign Against Écône" 3217: 3205: 2700: 2556: 2541: 2529: 2478: 2466: 2330: 2282: 2248: 2155: 340:and pre-Vatican II liturgical books in 319:Bishop of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg 6125:Operating with partial papal faculties 6013:Princess Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis 5320:Sisters of the Society of Saint Pius X 5002:International Seminary of Saint Pius X 4753: 4723: 4688:Esteves, Junno Arocho (4 April 2017). 4594: 4567: 4540: 4209:Associated Press (23 September 2017). 4039: 4010: 3981: 3816: 3789: 3786:from the original on 23 November 2023. 3758: 3755:from the original on 23 November 2023. 3418: 3388: 3358: 3328: 3298: 3166: 3130: 3031: 2937: 2799: 2434: 2342: 673:International Seminary of Saint Pius X 597:International Seminary of Saint Pius X 527:In late 1970, at age 65, urged by the 6495:Communities using the Tridentine Mass 6291:Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen 4789:Zbinden, Raphaël (13 December 2017). 4470:"The Christian Withdrawal Experiment" 3844:from the original on 14 January 2024. 3688:from the original on 8 November 2018. 3584:Lefebvre, Marcel (21 November 1974). 3154: 3107:Fegan, Svensson & Andersson 2017b 3095:Fegan, Svensson & Andersson 2017a 2913: 2775: 2664: 2074:, ultra-conservative political party 1730:Seminario Nuestra Señora Corredentora 1239:regularly appointed parish priests." 1068:In May 2019, the SSPX announced that 583:Association of the Christian faithful 382:Tensions between the society and the 273:Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Pii X 70:Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Pii X 7: 5799:Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius 4505:"Bishop Williamson ousted from SSPX" 4245:Bunderson, Carl (14 December 2012). 4192:Associated Press (16 January 2013). 3731:from the original on 5 January 2023. 3527:"Pascendi exposes Modernist tactics" 2616: 2604: 2592: 912:issued an apostolic letter known as 6018:Gloria, Princess of Thurn and Taxis 5868:Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem 4847:Society of St Pius X in New Zealand 4351:La Dernière Heure (18 March 2005). 4147:Wells, Christopher (4 April 2017). 3919:icc.id.sspx.org (4 December 2015). 3658:from the original on 26 March 2016. 3648:"Interview with Bp. Bernard Fellay" 3082: 3004: 2826: 2748: 2736: 2652: 367:(SSPV) and the canonically regular 50:Priestly Fraternity of Saint Pius X 6167:Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat 5819:Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter 5804:Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer 5400:Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter 5334:Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat 5029:Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei 4841:Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat 4836:Minaret controversy in Switzerland 4654:Fox, Thomas C. (26 January 2009). 4276:Galindo, Gabriela (15 June 2020). 3665:"SSPX Marriages are Incontestable" 3520:from the original on 23 June 2002. 3500:du Chalard, Emmanuel (June 1993). 3471:Autobiography: Woe to the defeated 2980: 2968: 2396: 2115:Father Uribe Silviano Bernabé — A 1960:In the Society of Saint Pius X, a 1925:Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter 959:Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter 724:, reportedly called him a "fool". 671:The society's first seminary, the 369:Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter 336:stance it stresses, retaining the 57:Fraternité Sacerdotale Saint-Pie-X 32:Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter 25: 5341:Abbey of Saint-Joseph de Clairval 5327:Fraternity of the Transfiguration 5150:Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers 4669:Wooden, Cindy (16 October 2013). 4453:Douthat, Ross (26 January 2009). 4413:San Martín, Inés (5 April 2017). 4321:Kramer, Becky (28 October 2016). 4291:Gagnon, Luc (18 September 2003). 4088:"Apostolic Letter "Ecclesia Dei"" 985:, with the same territory as the 500:, a missionary order of priests. 414:The society's canonical situation 171: • 268 seminarians 6236:Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement 5552: 5539: 5538: 5048: 4826:SSPX-affiliated religious orders 4809: 4558:"SSPX accused of abuse cover-up" 4455:"The Church and the Lefebvrists" 4398:Ridley, Charles (16 June 1988). 4306:Ariza, Gabriel (10 April 2017). 4228:Barber, Tony (3 February 2009). 3525:Knittel, François (April 2004). 2057:concentration camp at Sonnenburg 1860: 1834: 1808: 1782: 1105:St. Willibrord's Church, Utrecht 688:Canonical visitation of seminary 595:. Some Swiss laymen offered the 420:heard by its priests, and local 174: • 128 candidates 76: 4857:St. Dominic's College, Wanganui 4432:Thomas, Judy L. (17 May 2020). 498:Congregation of the Holy Spirit 426:officially witnessing marriages 5829:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer 5814:Institute of the Good Shepherd 5408:Institute of the Good Shepherd 4899:Website of district of the USA 4776:swissinfo (14 December 2017). 3869:fsspx.news (7 November 2022). 1943:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer 1931:Institute of the Good Shepherd 1631:Central America and Caribbean 496:, and Superior General of the 1: 4967:Coetus Internationalis Patrum 4831:Institute of consecrated life 4760:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 4730:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 4601:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 4574:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 4547:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 4336:La Croix (17 February 2018). 4046:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 4017:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 3988:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 3950:"Bishop Williamson's Letters" 3823:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 3796:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 3765:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 3569:de Mallerais, Bernard Tissier 3425:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 3415:. Vol. 1. Angelus Press. 3395:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 3385:. Vol. 1. Angelus Press. 3365:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 3355:. Vol. 1. Angelus Press. 3335:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 3325:. Vol. 1. Angelus Press. 3305:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 3295:. Vol. 1. Angelus Press. 3289:"Chapter 2: A New Apostolate" 3022:, pp. 150, 160–161, 170. 2233:Code of Canon Law, canon 1382 2216:Code of Canon Law, canon 1013 1948:Filii Sanctissimi Redemptoris 1214:When told by a journalist of 993:Discussions with the Holy See 549:Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg 301:Coetus Internationalis Patrum 168: • 707 priests 6441:Rogelio del Rosario Martinez 6308:Society of Saint Pius V 6231:Istituto Mater Boni Consilii 6132:Society of Saint Pius X 6076:Bernard Tissier de Mallerais 5392:Istituto Mater Boni Consilii 5290:Apologia pro Marcel Lefebvre 5220:Juan María Fernández y Krohn 5073:Bernard Tissier de Mallerais 4468:Green, Emma (January 2020). 4252:Union of Catholic Asian News 4132:Card. Müller, Gerhard Ludwig 3925:Immaculate Conception Church 3902:Holy Cross Seminary (2003). 3856:fsspx.news (2 August 2021). 3413:Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre 3409:"Chapter 12: The Suspension" 3383:Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre 3353:Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre 3323:Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre 3293:Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre 3278:Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre 1909:Istituto Mater Boni Consilii 1378:Belgium and the Netherlands 890:Bernard Tissier de Mallerais 492:for French-speaking Africa, 445:Several religious institutes 305:and Superior General of the 208:Bernard Tissier de Mallerais 6490:Societies of apostolic life 6137:Affiliated religious orders 5893:Tradition, Family, Property 5824:Servants of the Holy Family 5718:Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus 5502:John Bosco Manat Chuabsamai 5349:Servants of the Holy Family 5009:Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet 4632:Hadro, Matt (20 May 2020). 3020:Priebke & Giachini 2003 1094:Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet 627:Congregation for the Clergy 328:The society is named after 165: • 3 bishops 6516: 6475:Traditionalist Catholicism 6405:Palmarian Christian Church 6296:Most Holy Family Monastery 5601:Traditionalist Catholicism 4988:Traditionalist Catholicism 4852:St. Mary's College, Kansas 4695:National Catholic Reporter 4676:National Catholic Reporter 4661:National Catholic Reporter 4648:National Catholic Reporter 4405:United Press International 4072:"Ad Apostolorum Principis" 3934:"Statistiques de la FSSPX" 3725:SSPX – District of the USA 3712:SSPX – District of the USA 3699:SSPX – District of the USA 3682:SSPX – District of the USA 3676:sspx.org (November 2018). 3669:SSPX – District of the USA 3663:sspx.org (11 April 2017). 3652:SSPX – District of the USA 3639:SSPX – District of the USA 3626:SSPX – District of the USA 3610:SSPX – District of the USA 3465:; Giachini, Paolo (2003). 2002: 1340:Australia and New Zealand 1181:Ordination and Holy Orders 1121: 996: 804: 801:Écône consecrations (1988) 510:Pontifical French Seminary 472:Traditionalist Catholicism 386:climaxed in 1988 with the 29: 6415:Apostles of Infinite Love 6157: 5928:Louis-Marie de Blignières 5913: 5532: 5365:Transalpine Redemptorists 5046: 4795:Portail catholique suisse 4108:iubilaeummisericordiae.va 3889:edizionipiane.it (2024). 3646:sspx.org (4 March 2016). 3467:Autobiografia: Vae victis 2086:Sexual abuse and cover-up 1185:During an interview with 610:, a bishop would raise a 581:. (Since 1983, the term " 579:society of apostolic life 504:Foundation of the society 377:society of apostolic life 218:Richard Nelson Williamson 75: 68: 44: 5888:Notre-Dame de Chrétienté 5702:Pascendi Dominici gregis 4617:CNA (21 November 2016). 3706:sspx.org (7 July 2022). 3693:sspx.org (20 May 2019). 3633:sspx.org (2 July 2015). 3618:de Castro Mayer, Antônio 2452:Holy Cross Seminary 2003 1745:), and the Philippines ( 905:Congregation for Bishops 876:, the retired Bishop of 843:Ad Apostolorum principis 789:Congregation for Bishops 541:Marie-Dominique Philippe 348:. The society's current 69: 30:Not to be confused with 6470:Society of Saint Pius X 6369:Joaquín Sáenz y Arriaga 6197:Antônio de Castro Mayer 5675:Liturgical use of Latin 5488:Antônio de Castro Mayer 5384:Society of Saint Pius V 5122:François Ducaud-Bourget 4940:Society of Saint Pius X 4904:Official French website 4261:Card. Gantin, Bernardin 1936:Institut du Bon-Pasteur 1895:Society of Saint Pius V 1006:"Great Jubilee" of 2000 966:Antônio de Castro Mayer 903:The following day, the 874:Antônio de Castro Mayer 817:Antônio de Castro Mayer 567:) basis for six years. 365:Society of Saint Pius V 356:, who succeeded Bishop 284:traditionalist Catholic 261:Society of Saint Pius X 40:Society of Saint Pius X 6485:Second Vatican Council 5749:Second Vatican Council 5651:Pontifical Commission 5559:Catholicism portal 5467:1917 Code of Canon Law 4995:Traditional Latin Mass 4980:Ottaviani Intervention 4962:Second Vatican Council 4503:CC (24 October 2012). 3604:Angles, Ramon (2014). 3182:La Dernière Heure 2005 3119:Martiniere et al. 2017 2581:Pope John Paul II 1988 2203:Sermon on 29 June 1987 2016:Anti-Defamation League 1947: 1935: 1729: 1715: 1256: 1229: 1195: 1178: 1164: 1146:On 27 March 2017, the 1134: 1119: 1108: 1097: 1082: 1047:Pontifical Commission 1043: 1017:Second Vatican Council 954: 931: 922:1983 Code of Canon Law 914: 841: 793: 751:1917 Code of Canon Law 734: 715: 684: 644:'le séminaire sauvage' 643: 612: 587: 569: 563: 557: 518:University of Fribourg 476:Second Vatican Council 467: 430:canonical jurisdiction 392: 299: 295:Second Vatican Council 272: 117:; 53 years ago 56: 6344:Martín Dávila Gandara 6162:Fraternité Notre-Dame 6066:Ginés Jesús Hernández 5638:Quattuor abhinc annos 4223:on 25 September 2017. 3932:LPL (20 March 2021). 3914:on 24 September 2015. 2993:Associated Press 2013 2839:edizionipiane.it 2024 2677:Associated Press 2017 2295:Pongratz-Lippitt 2021 1999:List of Controversies 1747:Santa Barbara, Iloilo 1254: 1224: 1191: 1173: 1160: 1114: 1103: 1092: 1078: 1038: 946: 878:Campos dos Goytacazes 722:Gabriel-Marie Garrone 670: 461: 281:canonically irregular 252:https://fsspx.news/en 115:November 1, 1970 6252:Guérard des Lauriers 6061:Alfonso de Galarreta 6044:but later reconciled 6008:Alexander Tschugguel 6003:Athanasius Schneider 5958:Maria-Anna Galitzine 5680:Mass of Paul VI 5667:Traditionis custodes 5192:Florian Abrahamowicz 5178:Fernando Arêas Rifan 5080:Alfonso de Galarreta 4639:Catholic News Agency 4624:Catholic News Agency 4611:Catholic News Agency 4529:CC (20 March 2017). 4438:The Kansas City Star 4328:The Spokesman-Review 4118:(20 November 2016). 4102:(1 September 2015). 3948:(1 September 1991). 3838:SSPX – General House 3811:SSPX – General House 3780:SSPX – General House 3749:SSPX – General House 2629:de Castro Mayer 1988 2619:, p. 1323-1324. 2503:icc.id.sspx.org 2015 1721:Flavigny-sur-Ozerain 1614:Autonomous house of 1204:Athanasius Schneider 1064:Bishop Vitus Huonder 894:Alfonso de Galarreta 839:, in his encyclical 619:Cardinal John Wright 213:Alfonso de Galarreta 6436:Lucian Pulvermacher 6142:Canonical situation 6111:of papal legitimacy 6109:public renunciation 6107:Independent, but no 5943:Charles A. Coulombe 5754:Écône consecrations 5660:Summorum Pontificum 5038:Summorum Pontificum 5016:Écône consecrations 4683:on 17 October 2015. 4556:CC (5 April 2017). 4490:CC (3 March 2009). 3946:Williamson, Richard 3908:Holy Cross Seminary 3745:"Autonomous Houses" 3598:District of the USA 3571:(9–10 March 1991). 1933: – ( 1758: 1663:Spain and Portugal 1278: 1135:Annuario Pontificio 1085:Canonical situation 807:Écône consecrations 740:Apostolic Signatura 699:liberal theological 575:religious institute 494:Archbishop of Dakar 388:Écône consecrations 41: 6374:Francis Schuckardt 6202:Richard Williamson 6023:Carlo Maria Viganò 5968:Peter Joseph Jugis 5725:Dignitatis humanae 5709:Syllabus of Errors 5516:Carlo Maria Viganò 5474:François Charrière 5452:Syllabus of Errors 5108:Franz Schmidberger 5094:Richard Williamson 4817:Catholicism portal 4583:CC (24 May 2017). 4516:CC (4 June 2015). 4283:The Brussels Times 4216:The New York Times 3832:fsspx.org (2024). 3805:fsspx.org (2023). 3774:fsspx.org (2023). 3743:fsspx.org (2023). 2569:Pope Pius XII 1958 2122:Court of Cassation 2092:Uppdrag granskning 1972:Richard Williamson 1803:Franz Schmidberger 1757: 1727:), and Argentina ( 1703:Écône, Switzerland 1473:Great Britain and 1277: 1257: 1231:In reality, it is 1120: 1109: 1098: 955: 952:Franz Schmidberger 932:'opération survie' 898:Richard Williamson 774:Secretary of State 695:Franz Schmidberger 685: 545:François Charrière 539:theologian Father 490:Apostolic Delegate 468: 438:state of necessity 408:complete communion 315:François Charrière 307:Holy Ghost Fathers 224:Franz Schmidberger 6457: 6456: 6453: 6452: 6449: 6448: 6382: 6381: 6270: 6269: 6210: 6209: 6180: 6179: 6093: 6092: 6089: 6088: 5993:Roberto de Mattei 5978:Philippe Laguérie 5933:Raymond Leo Burke 5767: 5766: 5567: 5566: 5298:St. Marys, Kansas 5234:Philippe Laguérie 5101:Davide Pagliarani 4358:La DH/Les Sports+ 4172:(16 April 2020). 4084:Pope John Paul II 3970:"Cann. 747 - 755" 3962:Code of Canon Law 3719:sspx.org (2023). 3590:archives.sspx.org 3577:archives.sspx.org 3561:archives.sspx.org 3555:archives (2013). 3549:archives.sspx.org 3535:. Translated for 3454:978-2-8004-1706-6 3245:. 31 August 2023. 2725:Pope Francis 2015 2412:de Mallerais 1991 2385:Card. Müller 2017 2373:Pope Francis 2016 2358:Card. Gantin 1988 2090:On 5 April 2017, 2027:Nazi collaborator 1876: 1875: 1855:Davide Pagliarani 1753:Superiors general 1711:Winona, Minnesota 1707:Dillwyn, Virginia 1695: 1694: 1609: 1608: 1220:Raymond Leo Burke 1025:religious liberty 987:Diocese of Campos 910:Pope John Paul II 860:Pope John Paul II 853:Pope Benedict XVI 821:Pope John Paul II 787:, Prefect of the 785:Sebastiano Baggio 635:Jean-Marie Villot 553:Divine Providence 373:Pope John Paul II 354:Davide Pagliarani 257: 256: 188:Davide Pagliarani 16:(Redirected from 6507: 6395: 6281: 6221: 6216:Sedeprivationist 6122: 6115: 6104: 5911: 5782: 5612: 5594: 5587: 5580: 5571: 5557: 5556: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5525: 5518: 5511: 5504: 5497: 5490: 5483: 5476: 5469: 5462: 5455: 5446: 5437: 5435:Council of Trent 5419: 5411: 5403: 5395: 5387: 5368: 5360: 5352: 5344: 5336: 5329: 5322: 5311:religious orders 5300: 5293: 5284: 5277: 5270: 5263: 5256: 5236: 5229: 5222: 5215: 5208: 5201: 5194: 5187: 5180: 5173: 5166: 5159: 5152: 5145: 5138: 5136:Robert Brucciani 5131: 5124: 5117: 5110: 5103: 5096: 5089: 5082: 5075: 5068: 5052: 5041: 5032: 5018: 5011: 5004: 4997: 4990: 4983: 4971: 4957: 4933: 4926: 4919: 4910: 4895: 4890: 4889: 4887:Official website 4819: 4814: 4813: 4798: 4785: 4765: 4759: 4751: 4735: 4729: 4721: 4699: 4684: 4679:. Archived from 4665: 4643: 4628: 4606: 4600: 4592: 4589:Catholic Culture 4579: 4573: 4565: 4562:Catholic Culture 4552: 4546: 4538: 4535:Catholic Culture 4525: 4522:Catholic Culture 4512: 4509:Catholic Culture 4499: 4496:Catholic Culture 4484:Catholic Culture 4479: 4464: 4442: 4428: 4427:on 6 April 2017. 4423:. Archived from 4409: 4394: 4379: 4371: 4362: 4347: 4332: 4317: 4302: 4287: 4272: 4256: 4241: 4233: 4224: 4219:. Archived from 4205: 4197: 4181: 4158: 4143: 4140:press.vatican.va 4134:(4 April 2017). 4127: 4111: 4095: 4079: 4070:(29 June 1958). 4051: 4045: 4037: 4022: 4016: 4008: 3993: 3987: 3979: 3957: 3952:. Archived from 3941: 3928: 3915: 3910:. Archived from 3898: 3878: 3865: 3845: 3828: 3822: 3814: 3801: 3795: 3787: 3770: 3764: 3756: 3732: 3715: 3702: 3689: 3672: 3659: 3642: 3629: 3620:(30 June 1988). 3613: 3593: 3580: 3564: 3544: 3521: 3512:. Translated by 3484: 3458: 3430: 3424: 3416: 3400: 3394: 3386: 3370: 3364: 3356: 3340: 3334: 3326: 3310: 3304: 3296: 3261: 3260: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2902: 2896: 2885: 2879: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2752: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2554: 2545: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2455: 2449: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2421: 2415: 2409: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2361: 2355: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2316: 2310: 2304: 2298: 2292: 2286: 2280: 2274: 2268: 2259: 2253: 2236: 2229:latae sententiae 2225: 2219: 2212: 2206: 2199: 2193: 2186: 2180: 2173: 2167: 2160: 2020:Holocaust denial 1950: 1938: 1913:sedeprivationist 1866: 1864: 1863: 1840: 1838: 1837: 1814: 1812: 1811: 1788: 1786: 1785: 1759: 1732: 1718: 1716:Saint Curé d'Ars 1611: 1291:Retreat centers 1279: 1233:local ordinaries 1202:In 2022, Bishop 1137: 970:Bishop of Campos 934: 919: 846: 796: 770:Giovanni Benelli 760:of 24 May 1976, 737: 728:Growing tensions 718: 658:Armada, Michigan 646: 615: 590: 572: 566: 560: 397: 394:latae sententiae 352:is the Reverend 350:Superior General 304: 249: 244: 241: 239: 183:Superior General 155: 125: 123: 118: 94:FSSPX (official) 80: 59: 42: 21: 6515: 6514: 6510: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6505: 6504: 6460: 6459: 6458: 6445: 6431:Joseph Odermatt 6419: 6389: 6378: 6329:Daniel Q. Brown 6312: 6266: 6240: 6206: 6192:Marcel Lefebvre 6176: 6153: 6110: 6108: 6099: 6085: 6043: 6037: 5983:Taylor Marshall 5918:Mother Angelica 5902: 5854: 5838: 5789: 5777:Catholic Church 5775: 5773: 5763: 5737: 5684: 5627:Tridentine Mass 5603: 5598: 5568: 5563: 5551: 5536: 5528: 5521: 5514: 5507: 5500: 5493: 5486: 5479: 5472: 5465: 5458: 5449: 5440: 5433: 5422: 5416:SSPX Resistance 5414: 5406: 5398: 5390: 5382: 5371: 5363: 5355: 5347: 5339: 5332: 5325: 5318: 5310: 5309:SSPX-affiliated 5303: 5296: 5287: 5280: 5273: 5266: 5259: 5250: 5239: 5232: 5225: 5218: 5211: 5204: 5197: 5190: 5183: 5176: 5169: 5162: 5155: 5148: 5141: 5134: 5127: 5120: 5115:Niklaus Pfluger 5113: 5106: 5099: 5092: 5085: 5078: 5071: 5066:Marcel Lefebvre 5064: 5053: 5044: 5035: 5021: 5014: 5007: 5000: 4993: 4986: 4976:Novus Ordo Mass 4974: 4960: 4953: 4942: 4937: 4885: 4884: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4815: 4808: 4805: 4788: 4775: 4752: 4738: 4722: 4709: 4687: 4668: 4653: 4631: 4616: 4593: 4582: 4566: 4555: 4539: 4528: 4515: 4502: 4489: 4467: 4452: 4431: 4412: 4397: 4382: 4365: 4350: 4335: 4320: 4305: 4290: 4275: 4263:(1 July 1988). 4259: 4244: 4237:Financial Times 4227: 4208: 4191: 4188: 4170:Zuhlsdorf, John 4168: 4146: 4130: 4114: 4098: 4086:(2 July 1988). 4082: 4066: 4058: 4038: 4025: 4009: 3996: 3980: 3967: 3964: 3956:on 18 May 2002. 3944: 3938:La Porte Latine 3931: 3918: 3901: 3888: 3868: 3855: 3831: 3815: 3804: 3788: 3773: 3757: 3742: 3718: 3705: 3692: 3675: 3662: 3645: 3632: 3616: 3603: 3583: 3567: 3554: 3524: 3499: 3491: 3481: 3461: 3455: 3440: 3417: 3405:Davies, Michael 3403: 3387: 3375:Davies, Michael 3373: 3357: 3345:Davies, Michael 3343: 3327: 3315:Davies, Michael 3313: 3297: 3285:Davies, Michael 3283: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3264: 3255: 3254: 3250: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3216: 3212: 3204: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3180: 3173: 3165: 3161: 3153: 3149: 3143:San Martín 2017 3141: 3137: 3129: 3125: 3117: 3113: 3105: 3101: 3093: 3089: 3081: 3074: 3066: 3062: 3054: 3050: 3042: 3038: 3030: 3026: 3018: 3011: 3003: 2999: 2991: 2987: 2979: 2975: 2967: 2963: 2955: 2944: 2936: 2932: 2926:Williamson 1991 2924: 2920: 2912: 2905: 2899:fsspx.org 2023c 2897: 2888: 2882:fsspx.org 2023b 2880: 2845: 2837: 2833: 2825: 2818: 2810: 2806: 2798: 2794: 2786: 2782: 2774: 2770: 2764:fsspx.news 2022 2762: 2755: 2747: 2743: 2735: 2731: 2723: 2719: 2711: 2707: 2699: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2675: 2671: 2663: 2659: 2651: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2627: 2623: 2615: 2611: 2607:, p. 1382. 2603: 2599: 2591: 2587: 2579: 2575: 2567: 2563: 2555: 2548: 2540: 2536: 2528: 2521: 2513: 2509: 2501: 2497: 2491:fsspx.org 2023a 2489: 2485: 2477: 2473: 2465: 2458: 2450: 2441: 2433: 2429: 2422: 2418: 2410: 2403: 2395: 2391: 2383: 2379: 2371: 2364: 2356: 2349: 2341: 2337: 2329: 2325: 2317: 2313: 2307:du Chalard 1993 2305: 2301: 2293: 2289: 2281: 2277: 2269: 2262: 2256:fsspx.news 2021 2254: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2239: 2226: 2222: 2213: 2209: 2200: 2196: 2187: 2183: 2174: 2170: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2112: 2088: 2012: 2007: 2001: 1962:complementarian 1958: 1885:Pope John XXIII 1881: 1861: 1859: 1835: 1833: 1809: 1807: 1783: 1781: 1777:Marcel Lefebvre 1755: 1416:Eastern Europe 1249: 1212: 1200: 1183: 1169: 1144: 1130: 1122:Main articles: 1116:Minoritenkirche 1087: 1066: 1001: 995: 851:and the future 833:excommunication 809: 803: 730: 690: 654:Tridentine Mass 637:. According to 585:" has replaced 564:ad experimentum 533:Hauterive Abbey 506: 486:Marcel Lefebvre 456: 400:excommunication 338:Tridentine Mass 291:Marcel Lefebvre 250: 236: 228: 196: 184: 177: 156: 153: 134:Marcel Lefebvre 121: 119: 116: 97: 71: 64: 63: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6513: 6511: 6503: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6462: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6427: 6425: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6401: 6399: 6392: 6390:or Mysticalist 6384: 6383: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6364:Mark Pivarunas 6361: 6359:Clarence Kelly 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6339:Anthony Cekada 6336: 6334:Moisés Carmona 6331: 6326: 6320: 6318: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6310: 6305: 6304: 6303: 6293: 6287: 6285: 6278: 6272: 6271: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6264: 6262:Donald Sanborn 6259: 6257:Robert McKenna 6254: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6238: 6233: 6227: 6225: 6218: 6212: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6188: 6186: 6182: 6181: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6174: 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2843: 2831: 2816: 2804: 2792: 2780: 2768: 2753: 2741: 2729: 2717: 2713:Zuhlsdorf 2020 2705: 2693: 2681: 2669: 2657: 2645: 2633: 2621: 2609: 2597: 2595:, p. 751. 2585: 2573: 2561: 2546: 2534: 2519: 2507: 2495: 2483: 2471: 2456: 2439: 2427: 2416: 2401: 2389: 2377: 2362: 2347: 2335: 2323: 2311: 2299: 2287: 2275: 2260: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2220: 2207: 2194: 2181: 2168: 2154: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2141: 2140: 2132: 2131: 2126: 2125: 2111: 2108: 2087: 2084: 2011: 2008: 2003:Main article: 2000: 1997: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1940: 1928: 1918: 1917: 1906: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1870: 1857: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1831: 1829:Bernard Fellay 1822: 1821: 1818: 1805: 1796: 1795: 1792: 1779: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1754: 1751: 1739:Albano Laziale 1699:first seminary 1693: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1676: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1660: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 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ordinary 505: 502: 455: 452: 358:Bernard Fellay 344:for the other 255: 254: 234: 230: 229: 227: 226: 221: 215: 210: 205: 203:Bernard Fellay 199: 197: 194: 191: 190: 185: 182: 179: 178: 176: 175: 172: 169: 166: 163: 159: 157: 151: 148: 147: 141: 137: 136: 131: 127: 126: 113: 109: 108: 103: 99: 98: 96: 95: 92: 88: 86: 82: 81: 73: 72: 66: 65: 62: 61: 52: 46: 45: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6512: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6422: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6402: 6400: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6385: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6354:Hutton Gibson 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6309: 6306: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6276:Sedevacantist 6273: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6243: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6213: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6183: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6156: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6134: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6120: 6116: 6113: 6105: 6102: 6096: 6082: 6081:Ngô Đình Thục 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6040: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5953:Gommar DePauw 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5938:Gérard Calvet 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5905: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5843:Jurisdictions 5841: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5787: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5770: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5740: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5721: 5720: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5710: 5706: 5704: 5703: 5699: 5698: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5687: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5669: 5668: 5664: 5662: 5661: 5657: 5655: 5654: 5649: 5647: 5646: 5642: 5640: 5639: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5624: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5595: 5590: 5588: 5583: 5581: 5576: 5575: 5572: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5535: 5534: 5531: 5524: 5520: 5517: 5513: 5510: 5509:Vitus Huonder 5506: 5503: 5499: 5496: 5495:Salvador Lazo 5492: 5489: 5485: 5482: 5478: 5475: 5471: 5468: 5464: 5461: 5457: 5454: 5453: 5448: 5445: 5444: 5439: 5436: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5374: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5335: 5331: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5306: 5299: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5283: 5279: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5265: 5262: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5242: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5221: 5217: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5196: 5193: 5189: 5186: 5182: 5179: 5175: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5161: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5147: 5144: 5140: 5137: 5133: 5130: 5126: 5123: 5119: 5116: 5112: 5109: 5105: 5102: 5098: 5095: 5091: 5088: 5084: 5081: 5077: 5074: 5070: 5067: 5063: 5062: 5060: 5056: 5051: 5040: 5039: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5025: 5020: 5017: 5013: 5010: 5006: 5003: 4999: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4968: 4963: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4934: 4929: 4927: 4922: 4920: 4915: 4914: 4911: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4888: 4883: 4882: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4818: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4796: 4792: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4774: 4773: 4772: 4771: 4763: 4757: 4749: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4733: 4727: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4707: 4706: 4705: 4697: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4651: 4650: 4649: 4641: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4626: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4614: 4613: 4612: 4604: 4598: 4590: 4586: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4563: 4559: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4536: 4532: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4487: 4486: 4485: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4462: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4450: 4449: 4448: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4377: 4376: 4370: 4364: 4360: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4330: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4300: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4285: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4232: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4186:News articles 4185: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4156: 4155: 4154:Vatican Radio 4150: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4068:Pope Pius XII 4065: 4064: 4063: 4062: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4035: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4020: 4014: 4006: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3977: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3965: 3961: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3900: 3897:(in Italian). 3896: 3892: 3887: 3886: 3885: 3884: 3876: 3872: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3854: 3853: 3852: 3851: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3830: 3826: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3772: 3768: 3762: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3737:General House 3730: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3601: 3600: 3599: 3591: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3553: 3552: 3551: 3550: 3542: 3538: 3537:Angelus Press 3534: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3514:Angelus Press 3511: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3495: 3494:Angelus Press 3488: 3482: 3480:9788890100901 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3450: 3446: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3436: 3428: 3422: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3392: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3332: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3302: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3281: 3280: 3279: 3272: 3267: 3258: 3252: 3249: 3244: 3238: 3235: 3231: 3230:La Croix 2018 3226: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3103: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3052: 3049: 3045: 3040: 3037: 3033: 3028: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3001: 2998: 2994: 2989: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2957:sspx.org 2023 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2934: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2835: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2812:sspx.org 2017 2808: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2793: 2789: 2788:sspx.org 2015 2784: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2694: 2690: 2689:sspx.org 2019 2685: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2646: 2642: 2641:sspx.org 2016 2637: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2574: 2571:, p. 41. 2570: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2526: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2515:Lefebvre 1974 2511: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2420: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2324: 2320: 2319:sspx.org 2018 2315: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2300: 2296: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2279: 2276: 2272: 2271:sspx.org 2022 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2249: 2242: 2234: 2230: 2224: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2208: 2204: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2185: 2182: 2178: 2172: 2169: 2165: 2159: 2156: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2133: 2128: 2127: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2101: 2095: 2093: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2053: 2051: 2047: 2046:Erich Priebke 2042: 2040: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2009: 2006: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1985:Catholic Mass 1981: 1979: 1978: 1973: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1955: 1949: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1921: 1914: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1900: 1899:sedevacantist 1896: 1893: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1878: 1871: 1869: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1843: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1819: 1817: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1793: 1791: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1272: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1253: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1234: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1209: 1207: 1205: 1198:Catholic Mass 1197: 1194: 1190: 1188: 1180: 1177: 1172: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1157: 1152: 1149: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1129: 1125: 1117: 1113: 1106: 1102: 1095: 1091: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1070:Vitus Huonder 1063: 1061: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1050: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1007: 1004:Rome for the 1000: 992: 990: 988: 984: 980: 976: 971: 967: 962: 960: 953: 949: 945: 941: 938: 933: 926: 923: 918: 917: 911: 906: 901: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 870: 868: 863: 861: 856: 854: 850: 845: 844: 838: 837:Pope Pius XII 834: 830: 824: 822: 818: 814: 808: 800: 798: 795: 790: 786: 781: 777: 775: 772:, the deputy 771: 765: 763: 759: 754: 752: 748: 743: 741: 736: 727: 725: 723: 717: 712: 707: 705: 700: 696: 687: 682: 678: 674: 669: 665: 663: 659: 655: 650: 645: 640: 636: 630: 628: 624: 620: 614: 609: 604: 602: 598: 594: 589: 584: 580: 576: 571: 565: 559: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 525: 523: 519: 515: 511: 503: 501: 499: 495: 491: 487: 484: 481: 477: 473: 465: 460: 453: 451: 448: 446: 441: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 409: 405: 401: 396: 395: 389: 385: 380: 378: 374: 371:(FSSP), that 370: 366: 363: 362:sedevacantist 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 332:, whose anti- 331: 326: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 303: 302: 296: 292: 288: 285: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 253: 248: 243: 235: 231: 225: 222: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 200: 198: 192: 189: 186: 180: 173: 170: 167: 164: 161: 160: 158: 149: 146:, Switzerland 145: 142: 138: 135: 132: 128: 114: 110: 107: 104: 100: 93: 90: 89: 87: 83: 79: 74: 67: 60: 58: 53: 51: 48: 47: 43: 37: 33: 19: 6349:Daniel Dolan 6324:Oswald Baker 6131: 5860:Associations 5723: 5716: 5707: 5700: 5665: 5658: 5653:Ecclesia Dei 5652: 5645:Ecclesia Dei 5643: 5636: 5543: 5450: 5441: 5367:(until 2008) 5359:(until 2002) 5351:(until 1989) 5343:(until 1988) 5288: 5251: 5213:Daniel Dolan 5206:David Bawden 5129:Basil Kovpak 5036: 5024:Ecclesia Dei 5022: 4965: 4939: 4797:(in French). 4794: 4782:swissinfo.ch 4781: 4769: 4768: 4744: 4715: 4704:Swedish News 4703: 4702: 4693: 4681:the original 4674: 4659: 4647: 4646: 4637: 4622: 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Z's blog 4177: 4162: 4161: 4152: 4139: 4123: 4116:Pope Francis 4107: 4100:Pope Francis 4091: 4075: 4060: 4059: 4032: 4026:CIC (1983). 4003: 3997:CIC (1983). 3974: 3968:CIC (1983). 3954:the original 3940:(in French). 3937: 3924: 3912:the original 3907: 3894: 3882: 3881: 3874: 3861: 3849: 3848: 3837: 3810: 3779: 3776:"Seminaries" 3748: 3736: 3735: 3724: 3711: 3698: 3681: 3668: 3651: 3638: 3625: 3609: 3597: 3596: 3589: 3576: 3560: 3548: 3547: 3541:the original 3530: 3509: 3505: 3493: 3492: 3470: 3466: 3443: 3434: 3433: 3412: 3382: 3352: 3322: 3292: 3277: 3276: 3251: 3237: 3225: 3218:Galindo 2020 3213: 3206:Zbinden 2017 3201: 3189: 3162: 3150: 3138: 3126: 3114: 3102: 3090: 3063: 3051: 3039: 3027: 3000: 2988: 2976: 2964: 2933: 2921: 2834: 2807: 2795: 2783: 2771: 2744: 2732: 2720: 2708: 2701:Esteves 2017 2696: 2684: 2672: 2660: 2648: 2636: 2624: 2612: 2600: 2588: 2576: 2564: 2557:Davies 1979e 2542:Davies 1979d 2537: 2530:Davies 1979c 2510: 2498: 2486: 2479:Davies 1979b 2474: 2467:Davies 1979a 2430: 2419: 2392: 2380: 2338: 2331:Knittel 2004 2326: 2314: 2302: 2290: 2283:Douthat 2009 2278: 2251: 2228: 2223: 2210: 2197: 2184: 2171: 2163: 2158: 2104: 2099: 2096: 2089: 2065: 2054: 2043: 2039:Requiem Mass 2034:Paul Touvier 2031:war criminal 2024: 2013: 1982: 1977:The Atlantic 1975: 1970: 1959: 1919: 1903:Pope Paul VI 1889: 1882: 1839: 1765:Nationality 1696: 1552:Switzerland 1282:District of 1273: 1269: 1258: 1241: 1237: 1230: 1225: 1216:InfoVaticana 1213: 1210:Jurisdiction 1201: 1192: 1186: 1184: 1174: 1170: 1161: 1153: 1145: 1131: 1079: 1067: 1058: 1049:Ecclesia Dei 1048: 1044: 1039: 1029:collegiality 1014: 1010: 1002: 968:resigned as 963: 956: 927: 916:Ecclesia Dei 902: 871: 864: 857: 825: 813:consecration 810: 782: 778: 766: 762:Pope Paul VI 755: 744: 731: 711:Pierre Mamie 708: 703: 691: 660:(1973), and 639:one defender 631: 605: 547:, Bishop of 526: 507: 469: 449: 442: 412: 398:(automatic) 381: 375:made into a 327: 276: 264: 260: 258: 140:Headquarters 85:Abbreviation 54: 49: 36: 6098:Independent 6028:Gilles Wach 5973:Blaise Kurz 5759:Siri thesis 5460:Pope Pius X 5376:Derivatives 5253:The Angelus 5157:Josef Bisig 5143:Paul Morgan 4746:SVT Nyheter 4717:SVT Nyheter 3891:"Chi siamo" 3807:"Districts" 3532:The Angelus 3167:Thomas 2020 3131:Kramer 2016 3032:Wooden 2013 2938:Barber 2009 2800:Angles 2014 2435:Gagnon 2003 2343:Ridley 1988 2164:Lefebvrists 2072:nationalist 1989:Sunday best 1842:Switzerland 1743:Santa Maria 1741:), Brazil ( 1261:seminarians 1187:TV Libertés 1054:Roman Curia 835:. 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