Knowledge (XXG)

SS Montebello

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423:, providing extra strength to the body of the vessel. The ship was shelter-deck type, had two main decks, and had its cargo space subdivided into eighteen main tanks and ten summer tanks which allowed for the carriage of up to 94,000 barrels of oil. The tanker had a cargo pump room located amidships with specially designed pumps to be able to unload her entire cargo in about twenty hours. In addition, the steamer was equipped with eight throttle reversing steam winches for quick loading and unloading of cargo from shelter deck spaces. She was also equipped with wireless apparatus, had submarine signal system installed and had electrical lights installed along the decks and in crew cabins. 598:
that the ship did not sink, the submarine proceeded to fire eight or nine shots at the hull of the stricken tanker. One shot hit the bow and blew it away speeding the tanker's sinking. At about 06:30 the ship started sinking rapidly and by 06:45 went completely under. The lifeboats were shot at by what appeared to be rifle fire from the submarine without injuring anyone. Three of the lifeboats containing thirty-three survivors were picked up by dispatched tug boats and landed in
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to determine whether the oil cargo was still on board and whether it posed a possible environmental threat. The expedition created three-dimension images of the ship using sonar, to be analyzed onshore. Jack Hunter, an archaeologist for Caltrans who examined the wreck in 1996 and compared the images
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Further explorations of the wreck were scheduled for 2011 at an expected cost of $ 2.3 million, to be paid from a fund which oil companies pay into for such situations. After two weeks of extensive testing in October 2011, researchers determined that no crude oil remained in the tanker and such oil
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around #2 hold. Fortunately for the crew the hold where the torpedo struck was dry and did not contain any oil; however, the resulting explosion blew away the deck house and the radio room and knocked down the forward mast. An order to abandon ship was given and four lifeboats were launched. Seeing
537:. For example, on 8 July 1924 she delivered 10,000 tons of fuel oil to Balboa and on 6 January 1925 she left San Pedro carrying 76,801 barrels of oil bound for Antofagasta. In 1926 the service to the Panama Canal and Chile picked up significantly and became the tanker's primary routes of operation. 544:
During the night of 5 October 1930 while the tanker was at the Los Angeles Shipbuilding Corp. undergoing repairs she was boarded by a lone bandit who after shooting the third mate in the head proceeded to rob the safe in the captain's cabin and crew lockers getting away with nearly $ 3,000 in cash
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via Port San Luis. After taking on board 41,000 barrels of fuel oil and 40,000 barrels of diesel fuel the tanker sailed out from Port San Luis on March 17 and reached her destination five days later. On her third trip the ship traveled to Puerto Lobos, one of the major oil storage ports in Mexico,
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was slated to depart from Port San Luis some time before midnight on 21 December 1941. However, due to crew demanding increased war risk insurance payments, the departure was delayed until a replacement crew could be brought in from Los Angeles. The replacements arrived in the late evening of
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finally sailed out from Port San Luis around 02:00 on December 23. The tanker was under command of captain Olof Walfrid Eckstrom, had a crew of thirty-eight and carried a cargo of 75,346 barrels of crude oil bound for Vancouver. The weather was overcast with drizzle but good visibility. At
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was the first of these vessels and was launched on January 24, 1921 (yard number 21), with Miss Adelaide Stewart, daughter of William L. Stewart, president of Union Oil, being the sponsor. The tanker was named after the Montebello oil fields, a major source for Union Oil Co.
589:, could be clearly seen in the darkness, and her conning tower and a deck gun were easily discernible. The captain immediately ordered the ship full speed ahead and to assume a zigzag course and informed the Navy about submarine sighting. Approximately ten minutes later 622:
just forward of the pump room. While the bow was broken from the impact with the sea floor, the overall condition of the wreck was thought to be quite good, giving rise to the concern that she could still hold her liquid cargo. When she went down,
2605: 2600: 381:. It was designed to carry oil and petroleum products along the West Coast of the United States and Canada, as well as between the United States and Chile. In December 1941 the tanker was sunk on one of her regular trips by the 576:
December 22, at which point it was learned that the ship's acting master suddenly became ill and had to be replaced too. After finding and signing on a new master, correcting paperwork and making final preparations
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and returned to San Pedro on 14 May 1921 carrying 11,000 tons of oil. The tanker then remained berthed in harbor until the end of August, and then re-entered the coast-wise service. As part of her service
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without being seen by any other witnesses. The police arrested a former Union Oil engine-room employee in connection with this robbery but he was later released due to lack of evidence against him.
564:. In November 1940 the tanker was chartered for one trip by Imperial Oil Shipping Co. to carry oil from Peru to Vancouver. Upon completion of the trip she returned to her usual duties. 2595: 541:
remained in this service for the next five years at which point she was slowly over the next two years shifted back to coastline service along the West coast and to Hawaii.
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Early in 1920, the Union Oil Company of California decided to expand their South American business and placed an order for two large tankers of approximately 12,000 tons
469:, that drove a single screw propeller and moved the ship at up to 11 knots (13 mph; 20 km/h). The steam for the engine was supplied by three single-ended 2570: 2580: 2590: 2585: 1299:
E. F. James (24 December 1941). Narrative Report of Casualty to S. S. Montebello (Report). Port San Luis: Department of the Treasury, Bureau of Customs.
585:, the captain noticed what appeared to be a submarine on the vessel's starboard side about half a mile distant. The submarine, later determined to be 465:, with cylinders of 24-inch (61 cm),34-inch (86 cm), 51-inch (130 cm) and 74-inch (190 cm) diameter with a 54-inch (140 cm) 1557: 631: 2236: 635:
from the 2010 expedition expressed concern that the wreck had deteriorated over the past 14 years and could represent a risk if the cargo leaked.
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with Southwestern Shipbuilding Company. At the time, the tankers were the largest vessels of their kind ever to be constructed in California.
2575: 2134: 517:. In 1924 the tanker became more involved in long haul operations conducting voyages to Hawaii and Canada with more frequency. In addition, 513:. She also made occasional trips along the Pacific coast to ports such as Vancouver, Portland or Seattle, and on occasion took her cargo to 1951: 643: 2537: 2533: 2429: 2024: 1957: 1649: 2546: 2542: 1911: 1889: 1716: 1324: 1620: 1084:"Report of Cargo Discharged and Laded by Vessels Entering and Clearing from Port of Balboa for Three Weeks Ending July 12, 1924". 1905: 462: 1528: 627:
held 73,571 barrels (11,696.9 m) of crude oil along with 104,034 US gallons (393,810 L) of fuel oil for her engines.
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Olof Ekstrom (30 December 1941). Report of Casualty (Report). Port San Luis: Department of the Treasury, Bureau of Customs.
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The sea trials were held on March 2, 1921 with the ship performing satisfactorily. Following their successful completion,
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was handed over to her owners on March 4 and after applying final touches, was commissioned on March 9.
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sitting upright on the bottom. Based on their observations it was concluded that a single torpedo hit
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of approximately 12,500. The vessel had a steel hull with double bottom throughout and a single 3,300
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most likely was released from the vessel shortly after sinking and dissipated throughout the region.
510: 470: 450: 420: 340: 283: 712: 2565: 2457: 2270: 2224: 2012: 1978: 1855: 1824: 1708: 1695: 798: 599: 582: 2212: 1099: 733: 2321: 2299: 2158: 1875: 1831: 1745: 1356: 454: 397: 289: 208: 172: 411:, was held on 20 April 1920 with over forty Union Oil representatives present at the ceremony. 2499: 2328: 1838: 1772: 1669: 1562: 1320: 506: 378: 82: 663: 593:
fired two torpedoes at the tanker. One torpedo proved to be a dud, but the second one struck
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descended with two men on board to the wreck at a depth of 880 feet (270 m) and found
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National Register of Historic Places in San Luis Obispo County, California
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Shipwrecks on the National Register of Historic Places in California
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In August 2010 the wreck was examined by a robot submarine from the
230: 216: 180: 1558:"Sunken WWII boat mystery: Where did 3 million gallons of oil go?" 425: 610:
In an expedition conducted on November 7, 1996, the submersible
1616: 830:"Launch La Placentia Mar. 8; Trial Trip Of Sister Ship March 2" 1231:. Vol. XXXIII, no. 2. 15 September 1939. p. 37. 458: 330: 326: 1246:. Vol. XXXIII, no. 4. 15 November 1939. p. 75. 556:
carrying on each occasion nearly 11,000 tons of crude oil to
1216:. Vol. XXXIII, no. 1. 15 August 1939. p. 15. 818:. Washington, DC: United States Printing Office. 1922–1923. 509:, or from San Pedro to storage and refinery facilities at 1088:. Vol. XVII, no. 49. 16 July 1924. p. 704. 998:"Marine Exchange Shipping News: Cleared from This Port". 778:. Vol. 18, no. 4. April 1921. pp. 231–233. 1317:
United States Merchant Marine Casualties of World War II
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carried oil from Port San Luis to Union Oil refinery in
1529:"U.S. seeks to pull oil from tanker torpedoed by Japan" 1242:"Movements of Ocean Vessels Through the Panama Canal". 1227:"Movements of Ocean Vessels Through the Panama Canal". 1212:"Movements of Ocean Vessels Through the Panama Canal". 1073:. Vol. XIV, no. 39. 11 May 1921. p. 598. 433:
As built, the ship was 440.4 feet (134.2 m) long (
884:"Montebello Ready For Maiden Trip; Other Port Notes" 872:. Vol. 18, no. 4. April 1921. p. 247. 581:
approximately 05:30 while about four miles west off
2347: 1648: 1643:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in December 1941 702: 32:in Vancouver, 1930s. Photograph by Walter E. Frost 419:The ship was built on the Isherwood principle of 369:was a steam oil tanker built in 1920–1921 by the 1443:"Oil aboard sunken WWII tanker may pose threat" 921:"Marine Exchange Shipping News: Port San Luis" 525:in the Panama Canal area and Chilean ports of 441:, and had a depth of 32.8 feet (10.0 m). 1628: 8: 2596:World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean 403:The keel laying for both vessels, future SS 1499: 1497: 960:"Marine Exchange Shipping News: Port Notes" 795:Lloyd's Register, Steamships and Motorships 1635: 1621: 1613: 1506:"Is sunken WWII tanker a threat to coast?" 1481:California Department of Fish and Wildlife 1436: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 810: 808: 789: 787: 785: 632:Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute 1340: 1338: 1336: 664:"Lay Keels For Two Monster Oil Tankers" 655: 1294: 1292: 1290: 488:Following delivery and commissioning, 445:was originally assessed at 8,272  18: 2571:Ships built in San Pedro, Los Angeles 1523: 1521: 1310: 1308: 1306: 816:Merchant Vessels of the United States 42: 7: 1504:Schwartz, Noaki (October 17, 2011). 769: 767: 644:National Register of Historic Places 2581:Maritime incidents in December 1941 868:"Pacific Yard News: Southwestern". 734:"Oil Tanker Montebello Christened." 642:The shipwreck was listed on the US 2591:Shipwrecks of the California coast 1556:Barboza, Tony (October 20, 2011). 1541:. October 19, 2011. Archived from 14: 2586:Ships sunk by Japanese submarines 1357:"U.S. Tanker Sunk By Jap Torpedo" 1315:Browning, Jr., Robert M. (2011). 1258:"Canada Charters Union Oil Craft" 2541: 2536: 2524: 2516: 1417: 1380: 1279: 1197: 1160: 1123: 1039: 983: 944: 905: 853: 756: 687: 463:quadruple expansion steam engine 236: 229: 222: 215: 200: 193: 186: 179: 44: 22: 1514:. Santa Ana, CA. pp. 1, 6. 1441:Nolte, Carl (August 27, 2010). 554:East Coast of the United States 1400:Ventura County Star-Free Press 1365:. 24 December 1941. p. 24 1262:Wilmington Daily Press Journal 774:"Two "Southwestern" Tankers". 437:) and 58.2 feet (17.7 m) 1: 1402:. 23 December 1941. p. 1 1396:"Captain Tells of Torpedoing" 1319:. McFarland. pp. 18–19. 1264:. 13 November 1940. p. 7 1069:"Movement Of Ocean Vessels". 1016:"Montebello Is Fine New Ship" 741:. 25 January 1921. p. 15 371:Southwestern Shipbuilding Co. 93:Southwestern Shipbuilding Co. 2576:Tankers of the United States 1145:. 9 October 1930. p. 12 1139:"Grill Crew In Holdup Probe" 1108:. 7 January 1925. p. 19 1004:. 15 March 1921. p. 15. 301:440.4 ft (134.2 m) 1182:. 2 January 1931. p. 1 1024:. 23 March 1921. p. 16 968:. 13 March 1921. p. 18 929:. 11 March 1921. p. 17 672:. 20 April 1920. p. 11 548:In the second half of 1939 358:(13 mph; 20 km/h) 2622: 1001:The San Francisco Examiner 965:The San Francisco Examiner 926:The San Francisco Examiner 317:32.8 ft (10.0 m) 309:58.2 ft (17.7 m) 2511: 1176:"Police Free J. M'Cullen" 1058:. 14 May 1921. p. 6. 890:. 9 March 1921. p. 1 838:. 1 March 1921. p. 3 835:Long Beach Press Telegram 255: 251:Sunk on December 23, 1941 169:US Official Number 221100 37: 21: 552:made three trips to the 521:started making trips to 383:Japanese submarine  1448:San Francisco Chronicle 1244:The Panama Canal Record 1229:The Panama Canal Record 1214:The Panama Canal Record 1086:The Panama Canal Record 1071:The Panama Canal Record 1054:"Local Shipping News". 461:vertical reciprocating 392:Design and construction 256:General characteristics 16:Sunken steam oil tanker 1599:35.59167°N 121.27500°W 1511:Orange County Register 1100:"Shipping: Departures" 435:between perpendiculars 430: 1105:The Los Angeles Times 870:Pacific Marine Review 776:Pacific Marine Review 738:The Los Angeles Times 492:left Los Angeles for 473:fitted for oil fuel. 471:Scotch marine boilers 429: 141:Miss Adelaide Stewart 1953:Alberico da Barbiano 1604:35.59167; -121.27500 1545:on October 19, 2011. 1362:The Spokesman-Review 421:longitudinal framing 341:Llewellyn Iron Works 1959:Alberto di Giussano 1595: /  606:Wreck and its cargo 484:Operational history 345:quadruple expansion 2154:Patrol Boat No. 33 2148:Patrol Boat No. 32 713:Miramar Ship Index 431: 2553: 2552: 1563:Los Angeles Times 379:Union Oil Company 362: 361: 138:Sponsored by 83:Union Oil Company 2613: 2545: 2540: 2528: 2520: 2504: 2494: 2484: 2473: 2463: 2452: 2441: 2424: 2414: 2397: 2340: 2309: 2293: 2258: 2242: 2230: 2206: 2169: 2129: 2092: 2075: 2044: 2034: 2006: 1996: 1980:Empire Barracuda 1973: 1962: 1946: 1922: 1899: 1843: 1806: 1805: 1675: 1664: 1637: 1630: 1623: 1614: 1610: 1609: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1600: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1575: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1539:Associated Press 1525: 1516: 1515: 1501: 1492: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1478: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1438: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1415: 1409: 1407: 1392: 1386: 1385: 1384: 1378: 1372: 1370: 1353: 1347: 1346: 1342: 1331: 1330: 1312: 1301: 1300: 1296: 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London: 745:6 November 708:(2221100)" 706:Montebello 650:References 625:Montebello 620:Montebello 616:Montebello 595:Montebello 578:Montebello 573:Montebello 550:Montebello 539:Montebello 519:Montebello 503:Montebello 490:Montebello 478:Montebello 455:deadweight 443:Montebello 413:Montebello 405:Montebello 398:deadweight 366:Montebello 337:Propulsion 73:Montebello 63:Montebello 30:Montebello 2479:USS  2458:HMS  2447:HMS  2436:USS  2409:USS  2392:USS  2385:USS  2380:Tennessee 2378:USS  2371:USS  2364:USS  2357:USS  2329:HMS  2322:USS  2315:HMS  2225:HMS  2218:USS  2201:HMS  2190:Rochester 2105:HMS  2098:HMS  2087:HMS  2050:HMS  2025:Shinonome 1968:HMS  1941:HMS  1934:HMS  1917:HMS  1876:HMS  1869:HMS  1856:USS  1849:HMS  1832:HMS  1825:USS  1820:Nisqually 1793:USS  1786:USS  1773:USS  1768:Sauternes 1760:USS  1753:USS  1746:USS  1709:USS  1696:USS  1689:USS  1682:USS  1670:HMS  1661:Virsaitis 646:in 2016. 558:Baltimore 498:Vancouver 375:San Pedro 209:Call sign 173:Call sign 122:Laid down 109:2,500,000 97:San Pedro 2498:31 Dec: 2491:Absaroka 2488:24 Dec: 2477:20 Dec: 2467:17 Dec: 2460:Thracian 2456:16 Dec: 2445:11 Dec: 2428:10 Dec: 2411:Thresher 2387:Thresher 2366:Maryland 2297:29 Dec: 2262:28 Dec: 2246:27 Dec: 2234:26 Dec: 2227:Thracian 2210:25 Dec: 2176:Absaroka 2173:24 Dec: 2160:Shuntien 2133:23 Dec: 2100:Audacity 2096:21 Dec: 2089:Kandahar 2079:20 Dec: 2048:19 Dec: 2038:18 Dec: 2010:17 Dec: 2000:16 Dec: 1977:15 Dec: 1966:14 Dec: 1950:13 Dec: 1926:12 Dec: 1912:Kisaragi 1903:11 Dec: 1847:10 Dec: 1762:Oklahoma 515:Honolulu 511:Martinez 453:and had 329:, 3,300 154:Homeport 130:Launched 69:Namesake 2481:Pompano 2438:Sealion 2418:9 Dec: 2401:8 Dec: 2355:7 Dec: 2337:Vizcaya 2331:Triumph 2265:Banahao 2255:Canlaon 2220:Sealion 2066:Stanley 2052:Neptune 1970:Galatea 1878:Repulse 1858:Bittern 1840:Ravnaas 1834:Peterel 1827:Penguin 1814:Capillo 1810:8 Dec: 1684:Arizona 1679:7 Dec: 1672:Perseus 1668:6 Dec: 1658:2 Dec: 600:Cayucos 583:Cambria 568:Sinking 531:Iquique 407:and SS 271:Tonnage 89:Builder 38:History 2449:Jackal 2394:Vestal 2359:Gamble 2324:Nereus 2249:Arayat 2203:Salvia 2196:Sagiri 2181:HNLMS 2114:K XVII 2112:HNLMS 2107:Cicala 2082:Emidio 2057:HNLMS 1985:HNLMS 1906:Hayate 1893:, USS 1890:No. 10 1755:Oglala 1748:Nevada 1711:Downes 1698:Cassin 1470:"S.S. 1323:  562:Boston 535:Taltal 523:Balboa 467:stroke 298:Length 265:Tanker 2470:Ro-62 2306:Ro-60 2271:DCH-1 2183:K XVI 2126:U-567 2120:U-451 2072:U-574 2041:U-434 2031:U-131 2019:Ro-66 2003:U-557 1993:U-127 1943:Tamar 1896:YP-16 1851:Banka 1781:U-208 1717:Ha-19 1477:(pdf) 612:Delta 507:Oleum 439:abeam 356:knots 351:Speed 314:Depth 79:Owner 2530:1942 2522:1941 2514:1940 2421:I-10 2283:Volo 2277:U-75 2188:USS 2166:U-79 2064:HMS 2059:O 20 1987:O 16 1936:Moth 1864:I-70 1788:Utah 1775:Shaw 1741:M-22 1735:M-20 1729:M-18 1723:M-16 1571:2011 1488:2011 1456:2011 1408:2020 1371:2020 1321:ISBN 1270:2020 1188:2020 1151:2020 1114:2020 1030:2020 974:2020 935:2020 896:2020 844:2020 747:2019 720:2020 678:2020 591:I-21 587:I-21 533:and 385:I-21 377:for 325:402 306:Beam 261:Type 248:Fate 107:US$ 103:Cost 59:Name 2317:H31 2288:SS 1817:, 1812:SS 459:ihp 451:NRT 447:GRT 373:of 354:11 331:ihp 327:Nhp 290:DWT 284:NRT 278:GRT 28:SS 2562:: 2434:, 2407:, 2390:, 2383:, 2376:, 2369:, 2362:, 2334:, 2327:, 2320:, 2303:, 2286:, 2280:, 2274:, 2268:, 2252:, 2223:, 2216:, 2199:, 2193:, 2186:, 2179:, 2163:, 2157:, 2151:, 2145:, 2139:, 2123:, 2117:, 2110:, 2103:, 2085:, 2069:, 2062:, 2055:, 2028:, 2022:, 2016:, 1990:, 1983:, 1956:, 1939:, 1932:, 1915:, 1909:, 1887:, 1881:, 1874:, 1867:, 1861:, 1854:, 1837:, 1830:, 1823:, 1798:, 1791:, 1784:, 1778:, 1771:, 1765:, 1758:, 1751:, 1744:, 1738:, 1732:, 1726:, 1720:, 1714:, 1707:, 1701:, 1694:, 1687:, 1560:. 1537:. 1531:. 1520:^ 1508:. 1496:^ 1479:. 1445:. 1427:^ 1398:. 1359:. 1335:^ 1305:^ 1289:^ 1260:. 1178:. 1141:. 1102:. 1018:. 962:. 923:. 886:. 832:. 807:^ 784:^ 766:^ 711:. 666:. 529:, 388:. 117:21 95:, 1636:e 1629:t 1622:v 1573:. 1490:. 1458:. 1414:. 1377:. 1329:. 1276:. 1194:. 1157:. 1120:. 1036:. 980:. 941:. 902:. 850:. 753:. 722:. 704:" 684:.

Index


United States
Montebello
Union Oil Company
Southwestern Shipbuilding Co.
San Pedro
Los Angeles
Call sign




Call sign




Tanker
GRT
NRT
DWT
Nhp
ihp
Llewellyn Iron Works
quadruple expansion
knots
Southwestern Shipbuilding Co.
San Pedro
Union Oil Company
Japanese submarine I-21

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