389:
26:
690:
50:
1605:
1588:
1600:
1580:
195:
202:
697:
209:
216:
525:
As built, she had accommodation for about 60 passengers in first class state rooms in her promenade deck-house, and about 2,500 passengers in third class. To feed so many passengers, the space on her orlop deck was insulated and supplied with an acidic refrigeration system. In 1909 accommodation for
890:
government denounce the sinking and punish the U-boat commander responsible. Germany, then concerned to maintain
American neutrality, advised Burián to accede to the US demands, and Vienna eventually agreed to pay an indemnity and assured Washington that the U-boat commander would be punished,
388:
891:
although this was a meaningless promise since he was a German officer. After the settlement of the affair, the Austro-Hungarian government requested that German submarines refrain from attacking passenger vessels while flying the
Austrian flag.
879:, but claimed that only 16 rounds were fired, and not 100 as Italian sources claimed. The loss of life owing to the capsizing of the boats was due, not to any Austrian action, but because they were launched while the liner was under way.
906:
could have been used on her return voyage from the US to transport armaments or
Italian emigrants returning home to enlist in the Italian Army. Germany's decision in April 1916 to suspend unrestricted submarine warfare ended the debate.
677:
started her final eastward transatlantic voyage from New York for Naples on 16 October 1915 carrying 1,245 Italian reservists and about 5,000 tons of general cargo, including flour, beef and other provisions.
1662:
1647:
1374:
836:
was fully booked. According to
Hocking, 194 people, of whom 11 were American citizens, were killed. In other versions as many as 300 people died, including 20 Americans.
1657:
705:
613:. After reaching Naples, the ship took 341 more passengers in third class and 23 in first class bringing the total number of people on board to 432.
750:
on Sunday and embarked 130 more passengers, leaving again at 5 p.m. with a total of 446 aboard, of whom 163 were crew. On Monday, 8 November, when
609:
sailed to Italy. She started her maiden voyage from Genoa on 26 March 1908 with 59 passengers in third class and 9 in first class and proceeded to
639:
and Naples throughout her career. Overall, she transported almost 100,000 people between the start of her service in 1908 and the outbreak of the
863:. After some delay Austria admitted that its submarine commander exceeded his orders, but stated in extenuation of his action that he believed
1367:
665:
broke out in August 1914, Italy at first stayed neutral, but many
Italians travelled from America back to their home country, many of them on
689:
883:
1632:
1608:
1604:
1389:
1019:
993:
1599:
1595:
1320:
1290:
673:'s entry into the war in May 1915, there was another surge in the number of Italians returning home to take part in the hostilities.
567:. They had cylinders of 26-inch (66 cm), 43-inch (110 cm), and 71-inch (180 cm) diameter with a 48-inch (120 cm)
1637:
1360:
1236:
526:
first class passengers was expanded to 120. In
September 1910 she was refitted to carry 60 first and 120 second class passengers.
25:
1642:
471:
461:
109:
948:
1282:
560:
1652:
1477:
1145:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
481:
410:
123:
1427:
923:
Sources differ on how many were killed. Messimer claims that 300 total were killed as well as 20 Americans while
902:, who had advocated taking a hard line after the sinking. Haus justified the sinking on the grounds that the
855:
sinking added to a growing outrage in the US over unrestricted submarine warfare, and US Secretary of State
768:
578:
552:
544:
280:
270:
1518:
899:
1560:
1352:
715:
556:
548:
453:
284:
274:
113:
1627:
1409:
1312:
651:
334:
222:
1151:
655:
564:
465:
372:
225:
726:
1497:
1316:
1286:
1232:
1068:
887:
590:
507:
32:
1486:
1437:
670:
493:
378:
55:
746:
at 11.45 p.m. on
Saturday, 6 November 1915, under command of Capt. Massardo. She called at
1265:
1253:
568:
536:
180:
571:
that drove two screw propellers, and gave her a speed of up to 17 knots (31 km/h).
1470:
1399:
856:
755:
729:
586:
457:
105:
808:
was still steaming slowly they capsized as soon as they reached the water. Several of
1621:
845:
743:
733:
618:
449:
94:
539:
was 58.3 feet (17.8 m) and her depth was 26.2 feet (8.0 m). As built, her
626:
186:
1226:
1506:
1460:
1308:
882:
After receiving no satisfactory response from Austro-Hungarian
Foreign Minister
816:
662:
640:
445:
406:
368:
257:
1443:
895:
796:, gave chase and fired about 100 rounds at the liner. Later, at about 1 p.m.,
575:
503:
321:
783:
770:
868:
819:
574:
On 28 February 1908, after successful completion of her speed trials on the
515:
340:
1346:
German and
Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net
1341:
421:. She was an emigrant ship on a route between Italy and the United States.
194:
1527:
759:
635:
continued serving New York and
Philadelphia from Italian ports of Genoa,
441:
894:
Burián's diplomatic accession to American demands angered Grand Admiral
201:
1549:
1420:
826:
747:
719:
636:
540:
514:
was launched on 31 March 1908 and completed that May. After successful
485:
475:
429:
422:
414:
127:
208:
860:
732:, was raiding Allied shipping under the Austro-Hungarian flag as the
610:
76:
215:
927:
says that about 200 total were killed, of whom nine were American.
593:, hit in the stern and sank Harbour Commissioners' twin screw tug
418:
387:
1356:
448:
for the Italia SocietĂ di Navigazione a Vapore's route between
502:
was launched on 19 December 1907, with Miss Violet Ardill of
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1131:
1119:
1305:
The United States in the First World War: An Encyclopedia
925:
The United States in the First World War: An Encyclopedia
585:, while coming up the Lough on her return trip from the
658:
was originally MOA, but in 1914 it was changed to ITA.
535:
s registered length was 482.3 feet (147.0 m), her
1279:
Find and Destroy: Antisubmarine Warfare in World War I
1228:
Dictionary of Disasters at Sea during the Age of Steam
844:
Coming as it did six months after the sinking of the
551:. After refitting, she was reassessed as 8,210
478:
launched on 15 February 1907 and completed in 1908.
1540:
1388:
1383:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in November 1915
1270:The Year Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony
1258:The Year Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony
1144:
629:for a total of 2,253 passengers heading to Italy.
417:for the Societa di Navigazione a Vapore Italia of
1067:Swiggum, Susan; Kohli, Marjorie (25 April 2008).
804:. Her lifeboats were hurriedly launched, but as
621:on 10 April. On her return journey on 23 April,
1663:World War I shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea
1648:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I
1368:
1303:Venzon, Anne Cipriano; Miles, Paul L (1999).
428:sank her on 8 November 1915 off the coast of
8:
1097:. London: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. 1911.
1056:. London: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. 1908.
886:, in December 1915 the US demanded that the
625:boarded 910 people in New York and 1,343 in
1208:
1375:
1361:
1353:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1026:. Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust
1000:. Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust
1189:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1272:. London: The Marconi Press Agency Ltd.
1178:
940:
916:
360:1908: 60 first class, 2,500 third class
976:
974:
972:
970:
510:. She was completed in February 1908.
86:Italia SocietĂ di Navigazione a Vapore
20:
1231:. London: The London Stamp Exchange.
46:
7:
1658:World War I passenger ships of Italy
955:. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust
617:left Naples on 28 March and reached
488:built the second and third sisters,
522:was commissioned in February 1908.
815:s lifeboats were picked up by the
14:
1260:. London: The St Katherine Press.
1132:The Marconi Press Agency Ltd 1914
1120:The Marconi Press Agency Ltd 1913
859:sent a sternly-worded protest to
696:
1603:
1598:
1586:
1578:
736:was not then at war with Italy.
695:
688:
559:. She had a steel hull, and two
506:as her sponsor on behalf of the
244:Sunk by torpedo, 8 November 1915
214:
207:
200:
193:
48:
24:
643:, most of them in third class.
472:D. and W. Henderson and Company
395:sailing from New York for Italy
1342:"Ships hit during WWI: Ancona"
884:Baron István Burián von Rajecz
561:triple-expansion steam engines
440:In 1907 and 1908 shipyards in
1:
1155:. 17 October 1915. p. 16
1146:"1,200 Italians sail for war"
1093:"Steamships and Motorships".
1052:"Steamships and Motorships".
1266:The Marconi Press Agency Ltd
1254:The Marconi Press Agency Ltd
1095:Lloyd's Register of Shipping
1054:Lloyd's Register of Shipping
296:482.3 ft (147.0 m)
1277:Messimer, Dwight R (2001).
742:had sailed from Naples for
1679:
1633:Maritime incidents in 1915
1225:Hocking, Charles (1991) .
832:The death-toll was heavy.
563:rated at a combined 1,221
482:Workman, Clark and Company
411:Workman, Clark and Company
304:58.3 ft (17.8 m)
1573:
1024:Shipping and Shipbuilding
998:Shipping and Shipbuilding
312:26.2 ft (8.0 m)
248:
41:
23:
16:Italian passenger steamer
1638:Passenger ships of Italy
840:Reactions to the sinking
444:and Ireland built three
335:triple-expansion engines
1209:Venzon & Miles 1999
1110:, vol. 30, p.377 (1908)
1069:"Ship Descriptions – A"
983:, vol. 30, p.272 (1908)
436:Design and construction
352:17 knots (31 km/h)
249:General characteristics
124:Workman, Clark & Co
1643:Ships built in Belfast
396:
1340:Helgason, GuĂ°mundur.
1283:Naval Institute Press
900:Austro-Hungarian Navy
825:, which put out from
714:In November 1915 the
391:
1313:Taylor & Francis
953:Scottish Built Ships
706:class=notpageimage|
1653:Steamships of Italy
898:, commander of the
871:. Austria admitted
780: /
652:wireless telegraphy
601:Operational history
409:, built in 1908 by
223:wireless telegraphy
1328:- Total pages: 830
1298:- Total pages: 298
1152:The New York Times
397:
36:. 10 November 1915
1615:
1614:
1329:
1299:
1281:. Annapolis, MD:
851:off Ireland, the
784:38.233°N 10.133°E
650:was equipped for
386:
385:
279:1911: 8,210
269:1908: 8,885
150:Sponsored by
33:The Evening World
1670:
1607:
1602:
1590:
1582:
1566:
1555:
1533:
1522:
1512:
1501:
1491:
1481:
1465:
1449:
1432:
1415:
1404:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1354:
1349:
1327:
1326:
1297:
1296:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1212:
1206:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1176:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1148:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
990:
984:
978:
965:
964:
962:
960:
945:
928:
921:
814:
795:
794:
792:
791:
790:
785:
781:
778:
777:
776:
773:
699:
698:
692:
543:were 8,885
534:
464:. The first was
219:
218:
212:
211:
205:
204:
198:
197:
145:19 December 1907
91:Port of registry
58:
53:
52:
51:
28:
21:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1594:
1569:
1558:
1547:
1541:Other incidents
1536:
1525:
1515:
1504:
1494:
1484:
1468:
1452:
1435:
1429:Clan Macalister
1418:
1407:
1397:
1384:
1381:
1339:
1336:
1323:
1302:
1293:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1196:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1108:Marine Engineer
1106:
1102:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1050:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
992:
991:
987:
981:Marine Engineer
979:
968:
958:
956:
947:
946:
942:
937:
932:
931:
922:
918:
913:
867:to have been a
842:
812:
788:
786:
782:
779:
774:
771:
769:
767:
766:
765:sighted her at
727:Kapitänleutnant
725:, commanded by
712:
711:
710:
708:
702:
701:
700:
684:
603:
555:and 5,034
547:and 6,020
532:
438:
317:Installed power
213:
206:
199:
192:
181:official number
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49:
47:
37:
17:
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1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1523:
1513:
1502:
1492:
1482:
1466:
1450:
1433:
1416:
1405:
1394:
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1382:
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1379:
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1351:
1350:
1335:
1334:External links
1332:
1331:
1330:
1322:978-0815333531
1321:
1300:
1292:978-1557504470
1291:
1274:
1262:
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1192:, p. 194.
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857:Robert Lansing
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789:38.233; 10.133
756:Cape Carbonara
730:Max Valentiner
709:Wreck location
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508:Duke of AndrĂa
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174:Identification
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1609:December 1915
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1425:
1424:
1417:
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1218:
1211:, p. 54.
1210:
1205:
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1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:Messimer 2001
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1183:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1012:
999:
995:
989:
986:
982:
977:
975:
973:
971:
967:
954:
950:
944:
941:
934:
926:
920:
917:
910:
908:
905:
901:
897:
892:
889:
885:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
849:
839:
837:
835:
830:
828:
824:
821:
818:
811:
807:
803:
799:
793:
764:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
735:
734:German Empire
731:
728:
724:
723:
717:
707:
691:
681:
679:
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
600:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
579:measured mile
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
531:
527:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
496:
491:
487:
483:
479:
477:
473:
469:
468:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
435:
433:
431:
427:
426:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
403:
394:
390:
382:
381:
376:
375:
370:
367:
364:
363:
359:
356:
355:
351:
348:
347:
342:
338:
336:
332:
331:
330:
327:
326:
323:
319:
316:
315:
311:
308:
307:
303:
300:
299:
295:
292:
291:
286:
283:, 5,034
282:
278:
276:
273:, 6,020
272:
268:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
256:
253:
252:
247:
243:
240:
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233:
230:
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191:
188:
185:
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172:
169:26 March 1908
168:
166:Maiden voyage
165:
164:
161:February 1908
160:
157:
156:
153:Violet Ardill
152:
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140:
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100:
99:
96:
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90:
89:
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82:
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78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
57:
45:
40:
35:
34:
27:
22:
19:
1596:October 1915
1562:
1551:
1529:
1517:
1508:
1496:
1487:
1476:
1471:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1445:
1438:
1428:
1422:
1411:
1400:
1345:
1304:
1278:
1269:
1257:
1242:. Retrieved
1227:
1185:
1179:Hocking 1991
1157:. Retrieved
1150:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1107:
1103:
1094:
1088:
1076:. Retrieved
1073:TheShipsList
1072:
1062:
1053:
1028:. Retrieved
1023:
1014:
1002:. Retrieved
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957:. Retrieved
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632:
631:
627:Philadelphia
622:
614:
606:
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573:
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511:
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494:
489:
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466:
454:Philadelphia
446:sister ships
439:
424:
401:
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398:
392:
379:
373:
369:sister ships
187:code letters
114:Philadelphia
66:
31:
18:
1472:Californian
1401:Le Calvados
1309:Milton Park
829:to assist.
787: /
663:World War I
641:World War I
407:ocean liner
258:Ocean liner
134:Yard number
1628:1908 ships
1622:Categories
1390:Shipwrecks
1219:References
949:"Taormina"
896:Anton Haus
800:torpedoed
718:submarine
576:Skelmorlie
516:sea trials
504:Greystones
328:Propulsion
1563:Albemarle
1561:HMS
1519:Endurance
1421:HMS
935:Citations
869:troopship
848:Lusitania
846:RMS
820:minelayer
656:call sign
591:Liverpool
234:1914: ITA
231:1913: MOA
226:call sign
158:Completed
1526:29 Nov:
1516:21 Nov:
1505:17 Nov:
1495:15 Nov:
1485:10 Nov:
1462:Wacousta
1268:(1914).
1256:(1913).
1244:28 April
1020:"Verona"
994:"Ancona"
888:Habsburg
875:shelled
760:Sardinia
754:was off
744:New York
720:SM
669:. After
646:By 1913
619:New York
595:Musgrave
541:tonnages
470:, which
467:Taormina
462:New York
442:Scotland
423:SM
374:Taormina
357:Capacity
179:Italian
142:Launched
110:New York
104:Genoa –
73:Namesake
1559:7 Nov:
1548:4 Nov:
1478:Masséna
1469:9 Nov:
1453:8 Nov:
1436:7 Nov:
1419:6 Nov:
1408:5 Nov:
1398:4 Nov:
827:Bizerte
775:10°08′E
772:38°14′N
748:Messina
682:Sinking
637:Palermo
486:Belfast
476:Glasgow
430:Tunisia
415:Belfast
405:was an
264:Tonnage
128:Belfast
120:Builder
42:History
1509:Anglia
1498:Wandra
1488:Bosnia
1456:Ancona
1446:Undine
1439:France
1319:
1289:
1235:
1159:30 May
1078:30 May
1030:26 May
1004:26 May
959:30 May
904:Ancona
877:Ancona
865:Ancona
861:Vienna
853:Ancona
834:Ancona
823:Pluton
817:French
810:Ancona
806:Ancona
802:Ancona
752:Ancona
740:Ancona
716:German
675:Ancona
667:Ancona
654:. Her
648:Ancona
633:Ancona
623:Ancona
615:Ancona
611:Naples
607:Ancona
583:Ancona
569:stroke
530:Ancona
520:Ancona
512:Verona
500:Ancona
495:Verona
490:Ancona
458:Naples
402:Ancona
393:Ancona
380:Verona
341:screws
320:1,221
293:Length
106:Naples
77:Ancona
67:Ancona
1530:UC-13
1507:HMHS
911:Notes
813:'
671:Italy
661:When
587:Clyde
533:'
450:Genoa
419:Genoa
365:Notes
349:Speed
309:Depth
101:Route
95:Genoa
83:Owner
56:Italy
1592:1916
1584:1915
1576:1914
1552:UC-8
1444:SMS
1412:Tara
1410:HMS
1317:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1246:2020
1233:ISBN
1161:2021
1080:2021
1032:2021
1006:2021
961:2021
873:U-38
798:U-38
763:U-38
722:U-38
537:beam
492:and
460:and
456:via
452:and
425:U-38
339:2 Ă—
333:2 Ă—
301:Beam
254:Type
241:Fate
189:NCRM
63:Name
1550:SM
1528:SM
1423:E20
589:to
565:nhp
557:NRT
553:GRT
549:NRT
545:GRT
484:in
474:in
413:of
400:SS
322:nhp
285:NRT
281:GRT
275:NRT
271:GRT
183:371
137:270
1624::
1475:,
1459:,
1442:,
1426:,
1344:.
1315:.
1311::
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1197:^
1169:^
1149:.
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1040:^
1022:.
996:.
969:^
951:.
758:,
597:.
581:,
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432:.
377:,
371::
126:,
112:–
108:–
1376:e
1369:t
1362:v
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1008:.
963:.
228::
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