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many, and deprecated by others. Skeptics said that the ship's master, a man with forty years' experience on the Great Lakes (and thirty of them with captain's papers), would have been likely to try to write down the exact time the note was written, the condition of the boat at the time of writing, and the location of the boat as it labored through its final moments. In any case, the coroner's inquiry into the vessel's sinking – which would have very much liked to have had this information – did not have it. At the inquest, held
September 24 in Grand Haven, the coroner's jury was forced to conclude that the lost boat had sunk for unknown reasons at an unknown location.
588:"The steamers Andaste and Choctaw were both built by the Cleveland Shipbuilding Company on the banks of the Cuyahoga River in 1892. Their unique design often has been described as a "semi-whaleback," straight-back steel freighters similar to a whaleback but with straight sides and a conventional bow. Both were 266 feet long with 900 horsepower engines and a capacity of 3,000 tons of ore. They plied the Lake Superior iron trade, running between northern ore docks and southern steel mills without incident until the parent company went bankrupt in 1898 and soon after were acquired by the Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company."
52:
2282:
286:, and a self-unloading crane and related apparatus were refitted onto the ship's hull and frame. The Smith-patented tunnel scrapers were intended to enable the ship to unload more quickly, and to partially offload at ports that could not previously be serviced by a bulk carrier. Although the Leatham Smith self-unloading apparatus made economic sense, the topside gear appears to have had negative effects upon the
2277:
440:
what is called the "trough" of the gale waves. This is a condition when a boat, often a boat with impaired metacentric functions, cannot recover after being hit broadside by a breaking wave. Partly swamped, the rolling boat falls down in the wave troughs and does not rise with the wave crests. Questions were raised, at the inquiry and later, about the metacentric stability of
166:
24:
228:, but they had straight sides and a conventional bow. This combination meant that from the waterline upward, their sides sloped inboard in a "tumble-home" configuration. They were a hybrid called "semi-whalebacks" and like the true whalebacks, they were vulnerable to getting a wet deck in storm or gale conditions. In 1898
518:, entered service in November 1932. Meanwhile, commercial shipowners were taking steps to furnish each of their vessels with a radio apparatus. The impact of these deployments could be seen throughout the 1930s and 1940s, decades in which there was a sharp reduction in shipping disasters on the Great Lakes.
1438:
The problem was solved by choosing to shorten the ANDASTE, the most economical of the pair, by 20 feet. Her overall length upon this being done was 260'2" which was allowable in the canal. On
December 23, 1920, the Cleveland-Cliffs Steamship Company was incorporated as an Ohio corporation to provide
430:
beaches for bodies found a bobbing, splintered plank or piece of board siding. On the wood was written, with pencil, a note: "Worst storm I have ever been in. Can’t stay up much longer. Hope to God we are saved. A.L.A." Albert L. Anderson was the ship's captain. The note was treated as evidence by
504:, although they had no official standing, were taken seriously by the Lake Carriers Association (the trade association of Great Lakes commercial shipowners) and by the U.S. Coast Guard. Pressure rose on Congress to take action, and the national legislature responded by funding a small fleet of six
439:
Speculations, with which the coroner's jury did not agree or disagree, were presented to the inquiry on the possible condition of the vessel prior to its foundering. The life-jacketed corpses that washed ashore south of Grand Haven were seen by some as a sign that the doomed vessel had fallen into
413:
on his first voyage who performed tasks such as helping out in the ship's galley; he was last seen peeling potatoes. The bodies of 16 of the 25 men aboard were recovered. Their remains washed ashore with the surf along a stretch of
Michigan beach from Holland north to Grand Haven. Evidence that
467:
s first mate, Charles Brown, was found wearing high rubber boots. The footwear was seen by some as a sign that the vessel was prone to shifting its cargo of aggregate in bad weather, and that the doomed ship's officer may have had to dress himself for the frantic task of shoveling gravel uphill
207:
was built by the
Cleveland Shipbuilding Company and launched on March 31, 1892. She was 266.9 feet (81.4 m) long with a 38.1-foot (11.6 m) beam and 17.9 feet (5.5 m) depth (hold and water bottom). She had a cutaway stern, seven deck hatches, and no interior bulkheads between the
995:
On 9 September 1929 the ANDASTE (steel propeller self-unloading sandsucker, 247 foot, built in 1892 at
Cleveland, Ohio) was probably overloaded with gravel when she "went missing" west of Holland, Michigan. The entire crew of 25 was lost. When built, she was the sister of the "semi-whaleback"
298:
During the 1920s, there was a dramatic upsurge in demand by local governments and road districts for gravel, sand, and cement. Outdoor construction materials were in high demand to build concrete-paved roads and highways for motor cars. This demand created a new lease on life for the old
1394:
Diminutive at 266 feet in length when built, it became even more so in 1920 when shortened another twenty feet to be able to transit the
Welland Canal locks.4s The Andaste represented precisely the obsolete tonnage whose commercial viability Smith believed his unloading system could
346:
lay alongside a Grand River dock, taking on another 2,000-ton load of Grand River aggregate. Few noticed the workaday vessel, as she was a constant presence at working port quays like this one. Late that evening she cast off and headed for
Chicago. The boat was logged by the
471:
After issuing its verdict, the coroner's jury added three additional points on matters of overall Great Lakes marine policy. Its members, who were businessmen of
Holland with an interest in Lake Michigan safety, issued three unofficial recommendations to the shipping industry.
381:
did not make harbor at the
Calumet River or in any other port. Searches for the lost vessel on September 11 found nothing. Further search efforts on September 12 uncovered a large quantity of wreckage. A "vast floating field of wreckage" was seen that afternoon southwest of
208:
forward collision bulkhead and the engine bulkhead in the rear. She could carry 2,800 short tons (2,500 t) fully loaded, at which time she would draw 16 feet (4.9 m). She was originally built for the Lake
Superior Iron Company in 1892, but the
366:
to see or hear them, as the vessel had no radio. The storm continued to develop, producing wind of 60 miles per hour (100 km/h) by 1 a.m. the morning of Tuesday, September 10. The captain and first officer of another vessel out in Lake Michigan,
551:
s last voyage, her departure from Grand Haven, and her legacy of support for the U.S. Coast Guard are commemorated in State of Michigan historical marker L1831, which has been erected on the Grand Haven harborfront. Built on sand and gravel that
303:. Starting in 1928, the aging "canaller" was chartered to the Construction Materials Company of Chicago as a shuttle boat for aggregate construction materials. The Company's dock and concrete plant, on the Calumet River in
282:, for a second refit. This second refit was carried out under the supervision of her new owners, Cliffs-L.D. Smith Steamship Company. This rebuild was meant to help the aging vessel transport crushed stone and
541:
senior officers, contains valuable clues that may help the organization succeed in uncovering the missing ship's hull. Yet "as with all missing ships," the Association's webpage concludes, "the
271:. Despite this refit, the vessel was rapidly becoming superannuated. Her age and unique dimensions made her superfluous within the Great Lakes bulk-carriage shipping industry.
537:, which lies somewhere in the bed of Lake Michigan. MSRA board director Valerie van Heest told a reporter in 2016 that the 1929 inquest, particularly the testimony of
236:
were transferred from Lake Superior Iron to the Cleveland Cliffs Co. The vessels carried coal, iron ore, and grain to and from Lake Superior to the lower Great Lakes.
1607:
567:
may never be found. However, with today’s side scan sonar and other electronic search equipment, the secrets of 'ships gone missing' may someday be uncovered."
533:
immediately after the tragedy. An original name board, bearing the name "Andaste", turned up in 2010. The MSRA has also continued the search for the hull of
1252:
1636:
444:
with its topside self-unloading machinery. Great Lakes seamen were aware that a structurally similar (although not identical) aggregate freighter,
263:
for a major refit. She was shortened from 266 feet in length to 246 feet. Her new "canaller" dimensions made it possible for her to operate in the
1169:
351:
as passing through the Grand Haven harbor piers at 9:03 p.m. This brief notation in an official log book is the last verified sighting of
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522:
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be found. In response to its appeal, the MSRA has been able to collect key artifacts of the lost vessel, salvaged by rescue workers and
311:, which was building a broad parkway along its shoreline that required hundreds of thousands of tons of landfill sand. The parkway that
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2005:
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Additional evidence that the boat's men had known they had been in trouble was presented to the county coroner. Men searching the
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508:
401:
distributed the story to its member newspapers: "Wreckage of Andaste Found – Believe Crew Lost. No Trace Found of 26 On Ship."
335:
2331:
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was commanded by Captain Albert L. Anderson of Sturgeon Bay. A glacier-deposited mound of sand and gravel on the banks of the
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1362:
185:
1279:
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The Cleveland Cliffs Iron Co.'s s.s. Andaste is being shortened by 20 ft., to allow her to pass through the Welland Canal.
948:
758:
260:
2187:
2076:
2047:
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1379:
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s Grand Haven departure point. The wreckage included a cabin door and hatch strongbacks that were identified by former
484:
That five central marine offices be established, one for each of the Great Lakes, to officially report missing vessels.
377:
disappeared and was never seen again. Although the vessel had been due in Chicago on the morning of Tuesday, the 10th,
2082:
290:
of the vessels that took on the new machinery. Four of the refitted ships were lost in relatively quick progression.
1423:
The fleets of Cleveland-Cliffs, Detroit and Cleveland Navigation, Traverse City Transportation and the Hawgood family
2285:
2281:
2276:
2272:
1944:
1651:
787:
2109:
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a wholly-owned vessel subsidiary of Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company. It had statutory headquarters in Mentor, Ohio.
348:
323:
was itself owned by Cleveland interests, the vessel rarely left the sand-and-gravel-rich basin of Lake Michigan.
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1622:
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427:
279:
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1803:
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1179:
410:
331:
304:
283:
1996:
1904:
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That proper facilities be maintained on each of the five Great Lakes for immediate searches and rescues.
450:, had been refitted with similar topside self-unloading machinery and had disappeared with all hands on
339:
209:
468:
inside a wet ship's hold. As of September 1929, there was no way to confirm or deny this speculation.
556:
had helped to carry, Chicago's Lake Shore Drive is used by tens of thousands of motor vehicles daily.
511:
for deployment at various spots along the Great Lakes shoreline. The cutter assigned to Grand Haven,
2129:
2056:
456:
2306:
2258:
1976:
1964:
1813:
1561:
Great Lakes Register for the Construction and Classification of Steel and Wooden Vessels. Volume 18
2198:
1915:
1601:
1491:
287:
268:
192:
on the night of September 9–10, 1929, with all hands; 25 men were lost. As of 2020, the wreck of
307:, always needed more aggregate. In addition, the Company had been hired as a contractor to the
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628:
497:
383:
1467:
1308:
1213:
896:
1985:
1924:
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316:
84:
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departed Grand Haven, a stiff wind sprang up. Gale warnings were posted, but too late for
2248:
2139:
2119:
2036:
2026:
1853:
1711:
1503:
624:
Brothers Among Nations: The Pursuit of Intercultural Alliances in Early America, 1580-1660
308:
1934:
481:
That all large vessels operating on the Great Lakes be equipped with a radio apparatus.
342:, yielded a steady stream of aggregate loads bound for Chicago. On September 9, 1929,
2300:
2165:
2149:
264:
189:
80:
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CHOCTAW, but was shortened 20 feet in 1920–21 to allow her to use the Welland Canal.
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the men knew their ship had been in danger is shown by 11 of the 16 bodies wearing
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1954:
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2155:
2015:
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451:
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369:
224:, had an unusual design. They were straight-back steel freighters, similar to
219:
165:
2219:
2066:
1032:
225:
188:
for the Lake Superior Iron Company. The vessel is best known for sinking on
240:
sank in 1915 as the result of a marine collision in Lake Huron, leaving
212:
became her owner after the original owner went into bankruptcy in 1898.
2092:
1794:
1773:
1731:
1582:
Shelak, Benjamin J.; Huston, John, Designer (2003). Stoga, Stan (ed.).
23:
1311:. No. 7. Michigan Shipwreck Research Association. December 2006
259:(then owned by the Cleveland Cliffs Iron Co.) was delivered to the
1174:
790:. Michigan Shipwreck Research Association michiganshipwrecks.org
1618:
563:
as missing. The Association says: "As with all missing ships,
373:, later testified to the wind's force and fury. In this gale
1536:. Vol. 1. Cleveland: Freshwater Press. pp. 25–26.
454:
in September 1924. A similar retrofit and sinking involved
1170:"Long-lost document may be final clue to finding 'Andaste'"
861:
859:
1448:
Disasters at Sea: A Visual History of Infamous Shipwrecks
1136:"Search for ship, Andaste, that went down in 1929 begins"
846:
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Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping (1902)
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559:
The Michigan Shipwreck Research Association still lists
888:
886:
1048:
1046:
809:
807:
805:
1895:
1650:
1375:
A Fully Accredited Ocean: Essays of the Great Lakes
1563:. Cleveland: Great Lakes Register. pp. 18 v.
1253:"Freighter missing in Lake Huron since 1924 found"
877:
409:Among the missing was 14-year-old Earl Zietlow, a
1532:Vanderlinden, Peter J.; Bascom, John H. (1994) .
184:was a Monitor-class vessel, built in 1892 by the
1577:Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping
983:"Great Lakes & Seaway Shipping News Archive"
969:
601:and her sister were considered to be ugly ships.
1212:. Michigan History Center. 1991. Archived from
1206:"Shipwrecks and the Coast Guard/The 'Escanaba'"
1075:"Wreckage Of Andaste Found – Believe Crew Lost"
951:. Michigan Shipwreck Research Association. 2016
1630:
244:as a unique vessel without any sister ships.
8:
1606:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
828:
826:
394:seamen as having come from the lost vessel.
315:was helping to build would become Chicago's
1517:. Lake Superior Port Cities, Incorporated.
1163:
1161:
1159:
782:
780:
1637:
1623:
1615:
1251:Ramirez, Charles E. (September 22, 2017).
865:
525:(MSRA) has expressed a public desire that
1645:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1929
1451:. Skyhorse Publishing. pp. 152–153.
1129:
1127:
1125:
1098:
1096:
1019:
850:
252:The vessel received new boilers in 1906.
1586:. Black Earth, Wisconsin: Trails Books.
1234:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1103:Pocock, Michael W. (September 9, 2010).
892:
597:Because of their unconventional design,
164:
763:Michigan Shipwreck Research Association
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
613:
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523:Michigan Shipwreck Research Association
1599:
1499:
1489:
1420:Greenwood, John Orville (April 1998).
1309:"The Search is On! – Find the Andaste"
1284:Michigan Shipwreck Research Associates
1081:. Associated Press. September 14, 1929
1033:"Andaste is to lose 20 feet of length"
813:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
621:Zandt, Cynthia J. Van (July 8, 2008).
386:, a Lake Michigan port downbound from
18:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1052:
1007:
908:
704:
48:
16:Ship wrecked in Lake Michigan in 1929
7:
1466:Thompson, Mark L. (April 13, 2004).
1403:Great Lakes Bulk Carriers, 1869–1985
1357:, Freshwater Press. pp. 59–79.
475:
1372:Brehm, Victoria (April 13, 2004) .
1336:"Canadian Railway and Marine World"
1105:"Daily Event for September 9, 2010"
1353:. New York City, Cleveland, Ohio:
1280:"MSRA – The wreck of the Hennepin"
1039:. Detroit, Michigan. 25 June 1921.
14:
927:Great And Lost Ships Of The World
500:recommendations with respect to
2280:
2275:
1405:. Niles, Mich.: J.F. Devendorf.
1334:Canadian Railway (August 1921).
336:Bass River State Recreation Area
50:
22:
521:Starting in December 2006, the
186:Cleveland Ship Building Company
1511:Stonehouse, Frederick (2006).
1351:Ghost Ships of the Great Lakes
878:Vanderlinden & Bascom 1994
476:Coroner's jury recommendations
98:Cleveland Shipbuilding Company
1:
1559:Great Lakes Register (1916).
1534:Great Lakes Ships We Remember
261:Great Lakes Engineering Works
210:Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company
33:
1474:Wayne State University Press
1445:Mechem, Liz (July 1, 2014).
1380:University of Michigan Press
1134:Hayden, Jim (May 11, 2010).
255:In the winter of 1920–1921,
2327:Shipwrecks of Lake Michigan
1584:Shipwrecks of Lake Michigan
1401:Devendorf, John F. (1996).
1037:Detroit Free Press, Page 15
929:. The Mind of James Donahue
837:. April 1, 1892. p. 4.
627:. Oxford University Press.
127:266.9 ft (81.4 m)
2353:
2312:Maritime incidents in 1929
2148:September (unknown date):
338:twelve miles southeast of
196:has not yet been located.
135:38.1 ft (11.6 m)
2337:Ships lost with all hands
2270:
765:, Michigan Shipwrecks.org
637:– via Google Books.
159:Official number US 106929
143:17.9 ft (5.5 m)
118:
43:
21:
2322:Ships built in Cleveland
1168:Ashcroft, Brent (2016).
114:Sank 9–10 September 1929
79:, a French name for the
1569:2027/mdp.39015057176235
1378:. Ann Arbor, Michigan:
921:Donahue, James (2017).
463:The corpse of the lost
280:Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
119:General characteristics
2332:Great Lakes freighters
1469:Graveyard of the Lakes
1355:Dodd, Mead and Company
1180:Grand Rapids, Michigan
218:, and her sister ship
174:
2055:April (unknown date)
1514:Haunted Lake Michigan
1472:. Detroit, Michigan:
970:Canadian Railway 1921
545:may never be found."
397:On September 13, the
358:About one hour after
334:, at what is now the
288:metacentric stability
173:fully loaded, c. 1910
168:
2075:May (unknown date):
1426:. Freshwater Press.
985:. Boatnerd.com. 2004
833:"Lake Marine News".
421:
2240:Parizhskaya Kommuna
2048:Duchess of Richmond
1805:Commandant Bultinck
411:steward's assistant
326:As a shuttle boat,
1916:President Garfield
496:The Ottawa County
269:St. Lawrence River
175:
2292:
2291:
2189:Empress of Canada
2078:Duke of Lancaster
1524:978-0-942235-72-2
1433:978-0-912514-57-4
1109:MaritimeQuest.com
1079:Sandusky Register
911:, pp. 60–61.
880:, pp. 25–26.
788:"Shipwrecks lost"
707:, pp. 59–79.
163:
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2131:Viceroy of India
2124:
2114:
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2087:
2084:Duke of Rothesay
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1286:. Archived from
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1258:The Detroit News
1248:
1242:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1202:
1191:
1190:
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1149:
1141:Holland Sentinel
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835:The Plain Dealer
830:
821:
811:
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797:
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775:
774:
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755:
708:
702:
639:
638:
618:
602:
595:
589:
586:
506:U.S. Coast Guard
435:Cause of sinking
399:Associated Press
317:Lake Shore Drive
151:Triple expansion
58:
55:
54:
53:
38:
35:
26:
19:
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2101:
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2074:
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2034:
2024:
2013:
2003:
1993:
1983:
1973:
1962:
1952:
1942:
1932:
1922:
1912:
1902:
1896:Other incidents
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1881:
1871:
1861:
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1821:
1811:
1801:
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1781:
1771:
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1555:
1553:Further reading
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1525:
1510:
1498:
1488:
1484:
1465:
1459:
1444:
1434:
1419:
1413:
1400:
1390:
1382:. p. 167.
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1219:
1217:
1210:michmarkers.com
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1203:
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1182:
1167:
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1157:
1147:
1145:
1144:. Holland, Mich
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942:
932:
930:
920:
919:
915:
907:
903:
891:
884:
876:
872:
866:Stonehouse 2006
864:
857:
849:
842:
832:
831:
824:
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803:
793:
791:
786:
785:
778:
768:
766:
757:
756:
711:
703:
642:
635:
620:
619:
615:
611:
606:
605:
596:
592:
587:
583:
578:
573:
494:
478:
437:
424:
407:
309:City of Chicago
296:
284:stone aggregate
278:was steered to
250:
202:
88:Andastoerrhonon
56:
51:
49:
39:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2350:
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2214:
2203:
2193:
2183:
2172:
2161:
2145:
2135:
2125:
2115:
2099:
2088:
2072:
2062:
2052:
2042:
2032:
2022:
2011:
2001:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1960:
1950:
1940:
1930:
1920:
1910:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1882:Unknown date:
1879:
1869:
1859:
1849:
1839:
1829:
1819:
1809:
1799:
1789:
1779:
1769:
1759:
1749:
1738:
1727:
1717:
1707:
1697:
1687:
1677:
1667:
1656:
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1648:
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1634:
1627:
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1613:
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1592:
1579:
1573:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1542:
1529:
1523:
1508:
1482:
1476:. p. 26.
1463:
1457:
1442:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1398:
1388:
1369:
1363:
1343:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1300:
1271:
1243:
1227:
1192:
1155:
1121:
1092:
1061:
1042:
1024:
1020:Greenwood 1998
1012:
1010:, p. 167.
1000:
974:
972:, p. 148.
962:
940:
913:
901:
882:
870:
855:
851:Devendorf 1996
840:
822:
801:
776:
709:
640:
633:
612:
610:
607:
604:
603:
590:
580:
579:
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574:
572:
569:
498:coroner's jury
493:
490:
489:
488:
485:
482:
477:
474:
436:
433:
423:
422:Coroner's jury
420:
406:
403:
295:
292:
249:
246:
201:
198:
161:
160:
157:
153:
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149:
145:
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137:
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46:
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40:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2349:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2317:Missing ships
2315:
2313:
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2304:
2302:
2295:
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2274:
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2107:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2086:
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2073:
2070:
2069:
2063:
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2059:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:City of Cairo
1921:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1875:Fort Victoria
1870:
1867:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1830:
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1780:
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1770:
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1766:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:General Alava
1739:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1704:
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1678:
1675:
1674:
1668:
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1655:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1609:
1603:
1595:
1593:9781931599214
1589:
1585:
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1543:9780912514246
1539:
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1505:
1493:
1485:
1483:9780814332269
1479:
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1471:
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1458:9781629142784
1454:
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1412:9781889043036
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1389:9780472107094
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1347:Boyer, Dwight
1344:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1290:on 2008-02-12
1289:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:Thompson 2004
1231:
1228:
1216:on 2010-09-06
1215:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
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1177:
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1162:
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1137:
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1128:
1126:
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1099:
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1080:
1076:
1070:
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1062:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1001:
997:
984:
978:
975:
971:
966:
963:
950:
944:
941:
928:
924:
917:
914:
910:
905:
902:
898:
894:
893:Thompson 2004
889:
887:
883:
879:
874:
871:
868:, p. 58.
867:
862:
860:
856:
853:, p. 80.
852:
847:
845:
841:
836:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
808:
806:
802:
789:
783:
781:
777:
764:
760:
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732:
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634:9780190292744
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466:
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459:
458:
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449:
448:
443:
434:
432:
429:
428:Ottawa County
419:
417:
412:
404:
402:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
380:
376:
372:
371:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:South Chicago
302:
293:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
265:Welland Canal
262:
258:
253:
247:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:
217:
213:
211:
206:
199:
197:
195:
191:
190:Lake Michigan
187:
183:
182:
172:
167:
158:
155:
154:
150:
147:
146:
142:
139:
138:
134:
131:
130:
126:
123:
122:
117:
113:
110:
109:
105:
102:
101:
97:
94:
93:
89:
86:
83:people (from
82:
81:Susquehannock
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
57:United States
47:
42:
31:
25:
20:
2294:
2259:
2249:
2239:
2229:
2218:
2209:
2199:Bowes Castle
2197:
2188:
2178:
2167:
2156:
2150:
2140:
2130:
2121:Medway Queen
2120:
2110:
2104:
2094:
2083:
2077:
2067:
2057:
2046:
2037:
2027:
2017:
2006:
1995:
1986:
1977:Germaine L D
1975:
1966:
1955:
1945:
1935:
1925:
1914:
1905:
1883:
1874:
1864:
1855:Norwich City
1854:
1843:
1834:
1824:
1814:
1804:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1774:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1733:
1722:
1712:
1701:
1691:
1682:
1672:
1662:
1583:
1560:
1533:
1513:
1468:
1447:
1437:
1422:
1402:
1393:
1374:
1350:
1339:
1327:Bibliography
1313:. Retrieved
1303:
1292:. Retrieved
1288:the original
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1256:
1246:
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1214:the original
1209:
1183:. Retrieved
1173:
1146:. Retrieved
1139:
1112:. Retrieved
1108:
1083:. Retrieved
1036:
1027:
1022:, p. 8.
1015:
1003:
994:
987:. Retrieved
977:
965:
953:. Retrieved
943:
931:. Retrieved
926:
916:
904:
873:
834:
792:. Retrieved
767:. Retrieved
623:
616:
598:
593:
584:
564:
560:
558:
553:
548:
547:
542:
538:
534:
531:beachcombers
526:
520:
514:
501:
495:
470:
464:
462:
455:
446:
441:
438:
425:
416:life jackets
408:
396:
391:
387:
378:
374:
368:
363:
359:
357:
352:
343:
327:
325:
320:
319:. Although
312:
300:
297:
275:
273:
256:
254:
251:
241:
237:
233:
229:
220:
215:
214:
204:
203:
193:
180:
178:
176:
170:
87:
76:
66:
29:
1965:USCGC
1936:Liberty Glo
1885:San Antonio
1845:Gilbert San
1500:|work=
1315:November 1,
1264:October 20,
1237:, pp.
1220:November 2,
1185:November 2,
1148:November 1,
1114:November 1,
1085:November 1,
1055:, pp.
989:November 6,
955:November 4,
933:November 4,
814:Mechem 2014
794:November 4,
769:October 26,
349:Coast Guard
340:Grand Haven
332:Grand River
37: 1900
2307:1892 ships
2301:Categories
2208:USAT
2151:Binnendijk
1652:Shipwrecks
1395:resurrect.
1364:0912514477
1294:2008-02-24
1053:Brehm 2004
1008:Brehm 2004
909:Boyer 1968
895:, p.
816:, p.
705:Boyer 1968
571:References
452:Lake Huron
370:SS Alabama
226:whalebacks
148:Propulsion
2260:Roosevelt
2250:Algonquin
2220:Barbana G
2168:Adamastor
2166:NRP
2093:HMS
2058:Franconia
2016:USS
1825:Wisconsin
1815:Milwaukee
1743:USS
1732:HMS
1693:I'm Alone
1602:cite book
1502:ignored (
1492:cite book
949:"Andaste"
923:"Andaste"
759:"Andaste"
609:Citations
103:Laid down
32:in port,
2257:24 Dec:
2247:18 Dec:
2237:22 Nov:
2227:13 Nov:
2206:20 Oct:
2196:19 Oct:
2186:13 Oct:
2175:12 Oct:
2111:Kinugasa
2102:11 Jul:
2065:15 May:
2045:27 Apr:
2004:30 Mar:
1994:28 Mar:
1984:26 Mar:
1974:25 Mar:
1963:22 Mar:
1956:Pengreep
1953:10 Mar:
1933:28 Feb:
1923:29 Jan:
1913:20 Jan:
1872:18 Dec:
1852:29 Nov:
1832:31 Oct:
1822:29 Oct:
1812:22 Oct:
1802:2 Oct:
1792:11 Sep:
1765:San Juan
1762:30 Aug:
1741:17 Jul:
1723:Aleutian
1720:26 May:
1710:29 Mar:
1700:25 Mar:
1690:22 Mar:
1680:19 Feb:
1670:12 Feb:
1663:Hsin Wah
1660:16 Jan:
1349:(1968).
549:Andaste'
515:Escanaba
465:Andaste'
457:Hennepin
388:Andaste'
274:In 1925
73:Namesake
2217:6 Nov:
2210:Liberty
2179:Widgeon
2164:5 Oct:
2138:20 Aug
2128:9 Aug:
2118:3 Aug:
2091:9 Jul:
2035:18 Apr
1943:7 Mar:
1906:Siboney
1903:5 Jan:
1862:7 Dec:
1842:4 Nov:
1835:Senator
1795:Acielle
1785:Andaste
1782:9 Sep:
1772:7 Sep:
1755:Asakaze
1752:1 Aug:
1730:9 Jul:
1683:Kanowna
1673:Alloway
1239:152–153
1057:167–174
599:Andaste
565:Andaste
561:Andaste
554:Andaste
543:Andaste
539:Alabama
535:Andaste
527:Andaste
509:cutters
502:Andaste
447:Clifton
442:Andaste
405:Inquiry
392:Andaste
384:Holland
379:Andaste
375:Andaste
364:Andaste
360:Andaste
353:Andaste
344:Andaste
328:Andaste
321:Andaste
313:Andaste
301:Andaste
294:Sinking
276:Andaste
257:Andaste
242:Andaste
238:Choctaw
234:Choctaw
230:Andaste
221:Choctaw
216:Andaste
205:Andaste
200:History
194:Andaste
181:Andaste
171:Andaste
95:Builder
85:Wyandot
77:Andaste
67:Andaste
44:History
30:Andaste
2068:Irwell
2025:7 Apr
2018:Childs
2014:6 Apr
2007:Naïade
1987:Europa
1967:Dexter
1946:Thétis
1703:Muggia
1590:
1540:
1521:
1480:
1455:
1430:
1409:
1386:
1361:
631:
513:USCGC
492:Legacy
248:Refits
124:Length
2230:Ro-63
2177:USFS
2157:Eider
2141:Paris
2038:Paris
2028:Paris
1997:Libia
1713:Selje
576:Notes
156:Notes
140:Depth
2286:1930
2273:1928
2105:I-55
1865:Ägir
1775:Kuru
1608:link
1588:ISBN
1538:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1504:help
1478:ISBN
1453:ISBN
1428:ISBN
1407:ISBN
1384:ISBN
1359:ISBN
1317:2017
1266:2017
1222:2017
1187:2017
1175:WZZM
1150:2017
1116:2017
1087:2017
991:2017
957:2017
935:2017
796:2017
771:2017
629:ISBN
267:and
232:and
177:The
132:Beam
111:Fate
106:1892
63:Name
2095:L12
1734:H47
1565:hdl
818:152
179:SS
169:SS
28:SS
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2108:,
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1059:.
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820:.
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90:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
