1318:
1301:
1313:
1293:
34:
152:
166:
159:
145:
610:
inspection. After evaluating the cargo, navigational charts and bill of lading, the crew was ordered to abandon ship at around 07:40, as the cargo was deemed to be contraband. The crew disembarked the vessel, and around 12 shots were fired from the submarine's 88mm gun into vessel's stern and starboard side.
596:
in Russia. The ship was originally scheduled to travel through the Panama Canal, but due to landslides the Canal was closed indefinitely forcing the vessel to travel through the Suez Canal instead. The ship had a crew of 25 men and was under command of
Captain Konrad Gjørtz-Hansen. On November 2, she
321:
The ship was laid down in 1907 at
Archibald McMillan & Son shipyard in Dumbarton. The vessel was launched on 6 May 1908 (yard number 423), and the sea trials were held on 10 June 1908 on the Firth of Clyde. On two runs between the Cloch and Cumbrae Lights the ship was able to reach speed of 12.75
576:
together with several other ships was sub-chartered by Nova Scotia Steel & Coal
Company to Barber Line to operate on their South American routes and the vessel was ordered to continue on to Brazil. The ship departed Rio de Janeiro on May 30 with a cargo of manganese ore and arrived in Baltimore
536:
heading to North Sydney, however, she ran into a hurricane that developed in the North Sea and
English Channel around the time of her departure, was severely battered and returned to port on January 19 with a visible list. After repairs were completed she was able to depart on February 5 and return
609:
stopped immediately, a boat was lowered and the captain rode over to the submarine to present the ship's papers. As the boat closed in, the German Naval ensign was hoisted over the submarine. Following the documents examination, a boarding crew from the submarine went aboard the ship for a visual
516:
on
February 25 with a cargo of coal for Havana returning to New York on March 25. She was then chartered to carry construction materials to the Panama Canal area, and after loading 12,281 barrels and 60,560 bags of cement, the vessel sailed from New York on April 5, 1911, reaching
552:
was chartered to carry coal between
Baltimore and Newport News and Cuba, and transport iron ore back on her return journeys. In April 1914 the ship sailed back to Newfoundland to continue her Canadian service. At the end of 1914 the ship was outfitted for the ice-breaking work in
564:
arrived at
Baltimore to load cargo for her trip to Europe. She departed on January 27 for Rotterdam and arrived there on February 15 after undergoing inspection the day before at Falmouth. From Rotterdam the ship sailed to England and after loading cargo departed on March 17 for
440:
ran aground on the Goose island (Île aux Oies) on
September 28, 1909, but was refloated shortly after sustaining only minor damage. The ship had to stay in Montreal for repairs and inquiry which was held on October 3, before she could resume her service on October 10.
428:
three weeks later. She also went aground upon leaving
Philadelphia, but after inspection found no damage, she continued uninterrupted to her destination. The ship spent two weeks in Italy before proceeding back to North Sydney via Rotterdam and Glasgow. Upon return,
379:
was chartered by Nova Scotia Steel & Coal
Company for a period of 7 consecutive navigation seasons (April through December) to transport coal and iron ore. After completion the vessel proceeded directly to North America departing from
415:
left Wabana for Philadelphia with a cargo of iron ore on December 12 arriving there on December 18. From Philadelphia she continued on to New York City, eventually returning to Philadelphia on December 28. Soon after, news about a
300:
for the Wacousta Dampskibskompani, originally managed by Peter Anton Grøn of Sandefjord, and subsequently transferred to Christensen & Stenseth in March 1915. She was named after a fictional character from a novel
471:
set a new record for travel between North Sydney and Montreal during her mid May trip, being able to complete the full roundtrip, including loading and unloading of 5,600 tons of coal, in approximately
1402:
493:, during heavy fog, but after 5 hour struggle was able to refloat herself without assistance and sailed to Halifax for repairs with damaged front hull plates and water in her forepeak.
1397:
719:
1087:
572:
On March 25, 1915, the ship together with the associated managing company was sold by P. A. Grøn to Christensen & Stenseth of Sandefjord. Around the same time,
1387:
557:
for the Russian Government, however, the project was abandoned shortly after when it was learned she wouldn't be able to carry enough fuel for the trip.
592:
for her final voyage at about 04:00 on October 19, 1915, carrying 175 boxcars made by the Eastern Car Company and some other railway equipment for
1080:
577:
on June 18. After unloading the ship went to New York where it was loaded and departed to Archangel on July 10 and reached it on August 4.
1392:
1321:
1317:
1102:
1312:
1308:
1377:
1073:
408:
during the summer navigation season. During winters she was sub-chartered to carry cargo along the East Coast of the United States.
385:
322:
knots (14.67 mph; 23.61 km/h). After completion of her sea trials, the ship was delivered to her owner on the same day.
363:, with cylinders of 25-inch (64 cm), 42-inch (110 cm), and 68-inch (170 cm) diameter with a 45-inch (110 cm)
1382:
500:
was again chartered to transport coal. During her first trip, she left Norfolk on January 5 for Mexico, visiting ports of
360:
326:
653:
where they boarded a British trawler which landed them safely on land. It was later discovered that the German submarine
464:
on March 2. She returned to North Sydney on April 12, 1910, and resumed her coal deliveries to Quebec City and Montreal.
1190:
264:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
293:
86:
1140:
389:
537:
to Canada. For the remainder of 1912 and during 1913 the ship continued transporting coal from North Sydney and
367:, that drove a single screw propeller, and moved the ship at up to 11.0 knots (12.7 mph; 20.4 km/h).
306:
1333:
649:, about 73 nautical miles (135 km) north-northwest from the site of sinking. On November 13 they reached
617:
417:
268:
460:
left New York on February 16, stopped at Norfolk to load cargo and departed it on February 22, arriving at
345:
205:
1231:
444:
On December 18, 1909, the ship left Wabana for Philadelphia with a cargo of iron ore. After unloading
1273:
1065:
349:
211:
1372:
1122:
690:
605:. At about 06:15 on November 8, an unknown submarine appeared firing several shots across the bow.
420:
in Southern Italy started to appear, and the vessel was chartered to transport necessary supplies.
490:
397:
357:
353:
217:
136:
1210:
654:
509:
1199:
1150:
518:
425:
542:
505:
364:
330:
1183:
1112:
310:
1366:
602:
533:
456:. On February 9 it was reported the ship was chartered for coal delivery to Mexico.
513:
337:
1219:
593:
554:
405:
279:
1156:
566:
538:
525:
then returned to North Sydney in early May to fulfill her summer obligations.
192:
124:
1348:
1335:
632:
619:
512:
and returning to New York in early February. On her second charter, she left
1167:
297:
90:
448:
departed Philadelphia on January 10, 1910, carrying 5,041 tons of coal for
1240:
650:
453:
401:
381:
325:
As built, the ship was 340 feet 4 inches (103.73 m) long (
302:
60:
151:
1262:
1133:
847:
43rd Annual Report of the Department of Marine & Fisheries (Marine)
501:
489:
On May 28, 1910, the ship grounded on St. Paul's island, just north of
461:
400:, transporting primarily coal and sometimes steel from North Sydney to
165:
158:
646:
589:
449:
39:
144:
388:
8 days later. She then loaded 5,550 tons of iron ore and sailed to
452:. The vessel returned to New York on February 6 after calling at
598:
334:
1069:
997:
Hamburgischer Correspondent und neue hamburgische Börsen-Halle
541:
to other Canadian localities along the St. Lawrence River and
254:
1059:. Kristiania: Norge Sjøfartskontoret. 1916. pp. 176–178.
309:, published in 1832. The ship was primarily employed as a
645:. The crew set course for the nearest land, an island of
614:
sank stern first around 09:20 in an approximate position
433:
resumed her Canadian route along the St. Lawrence river.
864:. Vol. 44, no. 4. 22 January 1910. p. 28.
1057:
Sjøforklaringer over norske skibes krigsforlis i 1915
411:
Following the end of the summer navigation of 1908,
1253:
1101:
939:. Vol. IV, no. 36. 3 May 1911. p. 8.
1096:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in November 1915
849:. Ottawa: C. H. Parmelee. 1910. pp. 116, 218.
424:left Philadelphia on January 8, 1909, arriving at
601:to refill her bunkers before continuing into the
356:. The vessel had a steel hull, and a single 310
329:) and 46 feet 0 inches (14.02 m)
1403:World War I shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea
1398:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I
1081:
340:of 24 feet 8 inches (7.52 m).
8:
292:was a steam cargo ship built in 1908 by the
687:Lloyd's Register, Steamships and Motorships
1088:
1074:
1066:
396:was then employed on Canadian route along
800:"Moderne norske dampere i Kanadafarten".
759:. Vol. 30. 1 July 1908. p. 494.
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
659:was responsible for the ship's sinking.
436:During one of these trips up the river,
667:
1010:"Dampskibsaktieselskabet "Wacousta"".
980:"Maritime Provinces and Newfounland".
744:. Vol. 33. May 1911. p. 389.
467:On June 6, 1910, it was reported that
18:
229:340 ft 4 in (103.73 m)
30:
7:
1388:World War I merchant ships of Norway
1012:Handelsregistre for Kongeriket Norge
237:46 ft 0 in (14.02 m)
548:In the first three months of 1914
245:24 ft 8 in (7.52 m)
14:
1014:. No. 28. 1915. p. 457.
982:Canadian Railway and Marine World
1316:
1311:
1299:
1291:
392:arriving there on July 1, 1908.
164:
157:
150:
143:
32:
999:. 20 February 1915. p. 17.
954:. 20 January 1912. p. 11.
879:. 9 February 1910. p. 11.
819:. 11 February 1909. p. 7.
1:
995:"Schiffsverkehrs-Meldungen".
969:. 8 February 1912. p. 3.
834:. 14 January 1909. p. 3.
720:"Clyde Built Ships: Wacousta"
375:At the time of her delivery,
361:triple-expansion steam engine
78:A/S Wacousta Dampskibskompani
70:A/S Wacousta Dampskibskompani
1044:. 22 August 1915. p. 7.
984:. February 1915. p. 79.
740:"Launches and trial trips".
294:Archibald McMillan & Son
87:Archibald McMillan & Son
1029:. 11 July 1915. p. 62.
935:"Supplies for canal work".
496:In the early part of 1911,
1419:
1393:Maritime incidents in 1915
909:. 20 June 1910. p. 2.
804:. 21 July 1908. p. 2.
774:. 26 June 1908. p. 2.
708:. 7 April 1911. p. 2.
384:on June 19 and arrived at
1286:
924:. 1 June 1910. p. 2.
920:"Forlis, Havarier, etc".
905:"Forlis, Havarier, etc".
894:. 6 June 1910. p. 1.
830:"Forlis, Havarier, Etc".
789:. 3 July 1908. p. 3.
569:reaching it on March 28.
183:
25:
21:
1378:Merchant ships of Norway
1027:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
704:""Themis" paa vandet".
317:Design and construction
184:General characteristics
965:"Movements of Ships".
892:Norges Sjøfartstidende
860:"Philadelphia Trade".
706:Norges Sjøfartstidende
418:devastating earthquake
344:was assessed at 3,521
327:between perpendiculars
950:"Crippled in Storm".
845:"Accidents in 1909".
265:J.G. Kincaid & Co
179:Sunk, 8 November 1915
1383:Steamships of Norway
560:On January 19, 1915
528:On January 16, 1912
16:Norwegian steam ship
1345: /
952:The New York Herald
757:The Marine Engineer
742:The Marine Engineer
629: /
371:Operational history
313:during her career.
785:"Skibsmeldinger".
770:"Skibsmeldinger".
398:St. Lawrence River
1349:33.767°N 24.717°E
1328:
1327:
633:33.767°N 24.717°E
285:
284:
1410:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1320:
1315:
1303:
1295:
1279:
1268:
1246:
1235:
1225:
1214:
1204:
1194:
1178:
1162:
1145:
1128:
1117:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1055:"D/S Wacousta".
1052:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1007:
1001:
1000:
992:
986:
985:
977:
971:
970:
962:
956:
955:
947:
941:
940:
932:
926:
925:
917:
911:
910:
902:
896:
895:
890:"En ny rekord".
887:
881:
880:
872:
866:
865:
857:
851:
850:
842:
836:
835:
827:
821:
820:
812:
806:
805:
797:
791:
790:
782:
776:
775:
767:
761:
760:
752:
746:
745:
737:
731:
730:
728:
726:
716:
710:
709:
701:
695:
694:
691:Lloyd's Register
683:
644:
643:
641:
640:
639:
634:
630:
627:
626:
625:
622:
485:
484:
480:
477:
426:Torre Annunziata
269:triple expansion
169:
168:
162:
161:
155:
154:
148:
147:
42:
37:
36:
35:
19:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1363:
1362:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1307:
1282:
1271:
1260:
1254:Other incidents
1249:
1238:
1228:
1217:
1207:
1197:
1181:
1165:
1148:
1142:Clan Macalister
1131:
1120:
1110:
1097:
1094:
1064:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1009:
1008:
1004:
994:
993:
989:
979:
978:
974:
967:London Standard
964:
963:
959:
949:
948:
944:
934:
933:
929:
919:
918:
914:
904:
903:
899:
889:
888:
884:
874:
873:
869:
859:
858:
854:
844:
843:
839:
829:
828:
824:
814:
813:
809:
799:
798:
794:
784:
783:
779:
769:
768:
764:
755:"Trial Trips".
754:
753:
749:
739:
738:
734:
724:
722:
718:
717:
713:
703:
702:
698:
685:
684:
669:
665:
637:
635:
631:
628:
623:
620:
618:
616:
615:
583:
482:
478:
475:
473:
373:
319:
307:John Richardson
250:Installed power
163:
156:
149:
142:
38:
33:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1416:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1365:
1364:
1354:33.767; 24.717
1326:
1325:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1269:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1236:
1226:
1215:
1205:
1195:
1179:
1163:
1146:
1129:
1118:
1107:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1063:
1062:
1047:
1040:"Skibsliste".
1032:
1017:
1002:
987:
972:
957:
942:
927:
912:
897:
882:
867:
852:
837:
822:
807:
792:
777:
762:
747:
732:
711:
696:
666:
664:
661:
638:33.767; 24.717
582:
579:
372:
369:
318:
315:
283:
282:
276:
272:
271:
262:
258:
257:
251:
247:
246:
243:
239:
238:
235:
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
221:
220:
214:
208:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
171:
170:
140:
132:
131:Identification
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
28:
27:
23:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1415:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1323:
1322:December 1915
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1025:"Ship News".
1021:
1018:
1013:
1006:
1003:
998:
991:
988:
983:
976:
973:
968:
961:
958:
953:
946:
943:
938:
931:
928:
923:
916:
913:
908:
901:
898:
893:
886:
883:
878:
877:Baltimore Sun
871:
868:
863:
862:Black Diamond
856:
853:
848:
841:
838:
833:
826:
823:
818:
815:"Dampskibe".
811:
808:
803:
796:
793:
788:
781:
778:
773:
766:
763:
758:
751:
748:
743:
736:
733:
721:
715:
712:
707:
700:
697:
692:
688:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
668:
662:
660:
658:
657:
652:
648:
642:
613:
608:
604:
603:Mediterranean
600:
595:
591:
587:
580:
578:
575:
570:
568:
563:
558:
556:
551:
546:
544:
540:
535:
534:Middlesbrough
531:
526:
524:
521:on April 19.
520:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
487:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
442:
439:
434:
432:
427:
423:
419:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
370:
368:
366:
362:
359:
355:
351:
348:, 1,998
347:
343:
339:
336:
332:
328:
323:
316:
314:
312:
308:
304:
299:
295:
291:
290:
281:
277:
274:
273:
270:
266:
263:
260:
259:
256:
252:
249:
248:
244:
241:
240:
236:
233:
232:
228:
225:
224:
219:
215:
213:
209:
207:
203:
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
182:
178:
175:
174:
167:
160:
153:
146:
141:
138:
135:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
115:
112:
111:
107:
104:
103:
99:
96:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
81:
77:
74:
73:
69:
66:
65:
62:
59:
56:
55:
52:
49:
46:
45:
41:
29:
24:
20:
1330:
1309:October 1915
1275:
1264:
1242:
1230:
1221:
1209:
1200:
1189:
1184:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1158:
1151:
1141:
1135:
1124:
1113:
1056:
1050:
1042:Morgenbladet
1041:
1035:
1026:
1020:
1011:
1005:
996:
990:
981:
975:
966:
960:
951:
945:
937:Canal Record
936:
930:
921:
915:
906:
900:
891:
885:
876:
875:"Charters".
870:
861:
855:
846:
840:
831:
825:
816:
810:
801:
795:
786:
780:
771:
765:
756:
750:
741:
735:
723:. Retrieved
714:
705:
699:
693:. 1909–1910.
686:
655:
611:
606:
585:
584:
573:
571:
561:
559:
549:
547:
529:
527:
522:
514:Newport News
497:
495:
488:
468:
466:
457:
445:
443:
437:
435:
430:
421:
412:
410:
393:
390:North Sydney
376:
374:
341:
324:
320:
288:
287:
286:
116:10 June 1908
113:Commissioned
50:
1352: /
1185:Californian
1114:Le Calvados
636: /
594:Vladivostok
406:Quebec City
267:3-cylinder
216:5,660
210:1,998
204:3,521
97:Yard number
1373:1908 ships
1367:Categories
1103:Shipwrecks
689:. London:
597:called at
567:Las Palmas
539:Louisbourg
491:Cap Breton
352:and 5,660
261:Propulsion
193:Cargo ship
125:Sandefjord
108:6 May 1908
1276:Albemarle
1274:HMS
1232:Endurance
1134:HMS
588:departed
555:Archangel
532:departed
298:Dumbarton
137:Call sign
91:Dumbarton
1239:29 Nov:
1229:21 Nov:
1218:17 Nov:
1208:15 Nov:
1198:10 Nov:
1175:Wacousta
725:April 2,
651:Suda Bay
612:Wacousta
607:Wacousta
586:Wacousta
574:Wacousta
562:Wacousta
550:Wacousta
543:Portland
530:Wacousta
523:Wacousta
510:Cárdenas
506:Veracruz
498:Wacousta
469:Wacousta
458:Wacousta
454:Matanzas
446:Wacousta
438:Wacousta
431:Wacousta
422:Wacousta
413:Wacousta
402:Montreal
394:Wacousta
382:Greenock
377:Wacousta
342:Wacousta
303:Wacousta
289:Wacousta
121:Homeport
105:Launched
75:Operator
61:Wacousta
57:Namesake
51:Wacousta
1340:24°43′E
1337:33°46′N
1272:7 Nov:
1261:4 Nov:
1191:Masséna
1182:9 Nov:
1166:8 Nov:
1149:7 Nov:
1132:6 Nov:
1121:5 Nov:
1111:4 Nov:
624:24°43′E
621:33°46′N
581:Sinking
502:Tampico
481:⁄
462:Tampico
311:collier
199:Tonnage
83:Builder
26:History
1222:Anglia
1211:Wandra
1201:Bosnia
1169:Ancona
1159:Undine
1152:France
922:Kysten
907:Kysten
832:Kysten
817:Kysten
802:Kysten
787:Kysten
772:Kysten
647:Gavdos
590:Pictou
486:days.
450:Havana
386:Wabana
365:stroke
226:Length
40:Norway
1243:UC-13
1220:HMHS
663:Notes
519:Colón
338:draft
331:abeam
280:knots
278:11.0
275:Speed
242:Depth
67:Owner
1305:1916
1297:1915
1289:1914
1265:UC-8
1157:SMS
1125:Tara
1123:HMS
727:2018
656:U-35
599:Oran
508:and
404:and
335:mean
333:, a
253:310
234:Beam
189:Type
176:Fate
139:MFBV
47:Name
1263:SM
1241:SM
1136:E20
358:nhp
354:DWT
350:NRT
346:GRT
305:by
296:of
255:Nhp
218:DWT
212:NRT
206:GRT
100:423
1369::
1188:,
1172:,
1155:,
1139:,
670:^
545:.
504:,
89:,
1089:e
1082:t
1075:v
729:.
483:2
479:1
476:+
474:6
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