70:
unlocking rails. The wheels on each side are moved sequentially—only after a wheel on one side has been moved to new gauge and locked, the opposite wheel is unlocked and begins moving. The speed range of a consist going through the gauge changer can be between 5 and 30 km/h (3.1 and 18.6 mph). Originally the system did not have any control equipment to check if the regauging process went right, it relied on the personnel conducting visual checks on each wheelset. In 2003 an electronic system to monitor the regauging process and signal any malfunction was developed.
834:(Przemyśl -) Medyka PKP - Mostiska 2 UZ (- Lvov): Starting from 1st June 2009, PKP operates a daily night train Kraków - Lvov, using the 1435mm gauge line to/from the SUW2000 gauge changing facilities at Mostiska 2. The 1520mm daytime passenger trains use the gauge changing facilities at Przemyśl. UZ works freight trains to Medyka. On the Polish side the 1520mm gauge continues to Zurawica, on the Ukrainian side 1435mm gauge track ends at Mostiska 1.
327:
367:
347:
412:
402:
389:
360:
340:
320:
781:... Beginning of operation: 29 October 2000; Place: Polish – Lithuania border; activation of the track gauge changing facility (TSP) in Mockava (LG). ... Beginning of operation: 15 December 2003; Place: Polish – Ukrainian border; activation of the track gauge changing facility (TSP) in Mostiska-2 (UZ)
739:
additional funds should be provided for the acquisition of 8 units of SUW 2000 axles. These axles are required for replacement during the maintenance inspection and during the exploitation in case of defects, as production of one wheel-gauge usually takes 6 months. The price of acquisition of one SUW
73:
During initial regular operation, after 400 thousand km (250 thousand mi), excessive wear to monoblock wheels was noticed, it was attributed to brake malfunctions; there was also some tearing of rubber sheaths due to friction between them and water draining pipes. Other than that,
80:
For a 32-wagon goods train it takes about 12 hours to cross the break of gauge using the bogie exchange facility. A transshipment involving unloading goods from one train and loading them onto another takes about 22 hours. If SUW 2000 II was deployed, the time taken for the crossing would be reduced
69:
The SUW 2000 wheelsets feature unlockable wheels that, after unlocking, can move along the axles. The gauge changer is 27.1 m (88 ft 11 in) long and is equipped with grooved rails and guide rails to guide wheels and maintain vehicle stability while its wheels are unlocked, and wheel
458:
At the end of 2006, on a train from Kraków to Kyiv, after going through the gauge changing facility, one of the wheel locks failed to engage. After about 200 km (120 mi) running with an unlocked wheel, the carriage derailed. The
Ukrainian authorities subsequently withdrew the certificate
539:
The SUW 2000 system developed by
Ryszard Suwalski, D. Sc., C.E. allows automatic wheel span adjustments on rolling stock, enabling trains to travel over different-gauged tracks. Mr Suwalski's invention involves special junctions which adjust wheel span to track gauge as stock travels
52:
In 2008 SUW 2000 II, a development of the original SUW 2000, was presented. It introduced new bogie, improved gauge changer that is expected to last 20% longer, and electronic system checking and registering regauging and wheelset locking.
56:
In 2019, as the result of the bankruptcy and subsequent liquidation of ZNTK Poznań, PKP acquired documentation and rights to the SUW 2000 patents and technology. The system, renamed Polsuw, will be further developed in cooperation with
459:
for SUW 2000-equipped rolling stock. After the introduction of additional safety system and a round of intergovernmental negotiations, SUW 2000-equipped rolling stock was again permitted to use
Ukrainian railway network.
505:
Variable gauge systems: SUW 2000, Poland; DBAG/Rafil Type V, Germany; CAF BRAVA, Spain; Talgo RD, Spain; Japan RTRI; Korea KRRI DB Rafil and PKP SUW 2000 are technically compatible and thereby 'interoperable'
43:, developed the system between 1990 and 1992. Prototype wheelsets, bogies for passenger carriages and goods wagons, and gauge changer were produced in 1993. The wheelsets were manufactured by ZNTK Poznań.
944:
214:
Between 1999 and 2009 ZNTK Poznań manufactured altogether 16 wheelsets for freight wagons and 68 wheelsets for passenger carriages. These were supplied to
973:
759:"Experience and results of operation the SUW 2000 system in traffic corridors: I – Warsaw – Vilnius, III – Krakow – Kiev, II – Warsaw – Minsk – Moscow"
818:
74:
the system performed satisfactorily; it was observed that the system worked correctly even at temperatures as low as −35 °C (−31 °F).
243:
1037:
758:
915:
1017:
1007:
231:
58:
247:
379:
77:
The introduction of SUW 2000 gauge changing facility at the Polish-Ukrainian border reduced the total travel time by 2 hours.
518:
582:
673:
896:
427:
443:
226:(for 10 and 5 passenger carriages, respectively, the remaining 8 being spares). They were used on passenger trains
421:
254:) and on a goods train between Mielec / Szczecinek (Poland) and Kazlų Rūda (Lithuania), running until 2009).
235:
947:[SUW 2000 system in variable-gauge communication between 1435 and 1520 mm gauge systems]
416:
711:
439:
918:[SUW 2000 Bogies for goods and passenger rolling stock in automatic variable-gauge traffic]
46:
In
October 2000 first regular passenger and freight trains started running between Poland and Lithuania.
1042:
334:, Lithuania (dismantled in August 2013 during the rebuilding of the station, restored in or around 2016)
251:
468:
765:
740:
2000 amounts to about 115 . The total sum, needed for acquisition of wheel-gauges, would make up
223:
989:
960:
931:
723:
450:) made it possible to cross the Polish-Lithuanian border using standard-gauge rolling stock.
1021:
1011:
916:"SUW 2000 Wózki towarowe i osobowe w automatycznym ruchu przestawczym 1435/1520 mm"
712:"Development of passenger transportation by railroad from Lithuania to European states"
489:
24:
20:
27:. It is interoperable with the German Rafil Type V system (built by the Radsatzfabrik
1031:
219:
447:
393:
49:
In June 2003 regular passenger trains started running between Poland and
Ukraine.
526:
371:
257:
As of
February 2007, a single SUW 2000 bogie cost the equivalent of $ 42,000.
993:
964:
935:
727:
265:
SUW 2000 gauge changing facilities are installed at the following locations:
945:"System SUW 2000 w komunikacji przestawczej 1 435 / 1 520 mm"
326:
215:
40:
28:
250:, running from December 2003 until 2006, from 2009 until November 2016 to
351:
431:
366:
346:
331:
438:
The construction of a standard-gauge railway line from the border to
411:
401:
388:
359:
339:
319:
490:"Study on European Automatic Track Gauge Changeover Systems (ATGCS)"
61:, one of the areas of work being the reduction of operating costs.
39:
The SUW 2000 system was designed by
Ryszard Suwalski. Suwalski, of
930:(7–8 2000). Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "TTS" Sp. z o.o.: 21–44.
585:[What will we get from Polsuw, SUW 2000's successor?].
426:(research and testing, can also be used as a link between the
976:[Railway communication between Poland and Lithuania]
959:(1–2). Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "TTS" Sp. z o.o.: 34–53.
996:– via BazTech Polish Technical Periodicals Database.
988:(6). Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "TTS" Sp. z o.o.: 45–52.
967:– via BazTech Polish Technical Periodicals Database.
938:– via BazTech Polish Technical Periodicals Database.
89:
The following SUW 2000 wheelsets and bogies were offered:
1018:
ZNTK Poznań, SUW 2000-compatible 25AN/S and 4RS/N bogies
823:
Enthusiast's Guide to
Travelling the Railways of Europe
693:
691:
689:
687:
676:[Lwów-Express without SUW 2000. Temporarily].
552:
550:
548:
895:
127:2 discs per axle, 610 mm (2.00 ft) dia.
900:[Faster by train over Eastern border?].
974:"Komunikacja kolejowa pomiędzy Polską i Litwą"
378:A gauge changing facility was also planned at
1008:ZNTK Poznań, SUW 2000 variable-gauge wheelset
897:"Szybciej pociągiem przez wschodnią granicę?"
519:"PKP SUW 2000 – revolution in rail transport"
191:22.5 t (22.1 long tons; 24.8 short tons)
8:
914:Suwalski, Ryszard Maria (July–August 2000).
752:
750:
748:
523:Polish Market Online, Corporate Spotlight
659:
91:
480:
205:16 t (16 long tons; 18 short tons)
121:20 t (20 long tons; 22 short tons)
1024: (archived 5 May 2007) (in Polish)
1014: (archived 5 May 2007) (in Polish)
943:Graff, Marek (January–February 2016).
710:Butkevičius, Jonas (1 February 2007).
583:"Co nam da Polsuw, następca SUW 2000?"
881:
869:
857:
845:
804:
792:
697:
674:"Lwów-Express bez SUW 2000. Chwilowo"
647:
635:
623:
611:
599:
568:
556:
488:Kanclerz, Miroslaw (9 October 2007).
238:, running October 1999–May 2005) and
23:system that allows trains to cross a
7:
819:"Border Crossings: Poland - Ukraine"
581:Madrjas, Jakub (20 September 2019).
672:Fiszer, Kasper (11 November 2016).
406:ZNTK Poznań (research and testing)
14:
982:TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
953:TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
924:TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
517:Kopacz, Henryka (10 June 2003).
410:
400:
387:
365:
358:
345:
338:
325:
318:
764:. PKP Intercity. Archived from
59:Poznań University of Technology
1:
1038:International rail transport
208:160 km/h (99 mph)
194:100 km/h (62 mph)
894:Baj, Leszek (24 May 2008).
444:intermodal freight terminal
428:Broad Gauge Metallurgy Line
124:120 km/h (75 mph)
1059:
972:Graff, Marek (June 2017).
218:(for 4 goods wagons), and
757:Waryń, Piotr (May 2005).
129:
126:
430:and the standard-gauge
662:, pp. 32, 33, 36.
440:Kaunas railway station
396:(research and testing)
417:Zamość Bortatycze LHS
469:Trans-Asian Railway
860:, pp. 36, 40.
807:, pp. 46, 48.
848:, pp. 48–49.
614:, pp. 38–39.
602:, pp. 36–37.
571:, pp. 39–40.
529:on 5 October 2011
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771:on 19 March 2009
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525:. Archived from
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92:
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1047:
1028:
1027:
1022:Wayback Machine
1012:Wayback Machine
1004:
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948:
942:
919:
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902:Gazeta Wyborcza
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456:
419:
409:
399:
386:
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317:
306:
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296:4 ft
295:
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274:4 ft
273:
269:
263:
178:
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167:
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162:
161:4 ft
160:
156:
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145:
141:
138:
136:
135:4 ft
134:
130:
87:
67:
37:
12:
11:
5:
1056:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1015:
1003:
1002:External links
1000:
999:
998:
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908:
907:
886:
874:
862:
850:
838:
817:Steane, Paul.
809:
797:
785:
744:
702:
683:
678:Rynek Kolejowy
664:
652:
640:
628:
616:
604:
592:
587:Rynek Kolejowy
573:
561:
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262:
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210:
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153:standard gauge
128:
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111:
108:
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86:
83:
66:
63:
36:
33:
25:break of gauge
21:variable gauge
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1055:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1001:
995:
991:
987:
984:(in Polish).
983:
975:
970:
966:
962:
958:
955:(in Polish).
954:
946:
941:
937:
933:
929:
926:(in Polish).
925:
917:
912:
911:
903:
898:
890:
887:
884:, p. 46.
883:
878:
875:
872:, p. 48.
871:
866:
863:
859:
854:
851:
847:
842:
839:
835:
824:
820:
813:
810:
806:
801:
798:
795:, p. 41.
794:
789:
786:
782:
767:
760:
753:
751:
749:
745:
741:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
706:
703:
700:, p. 40.
699:
694:
692:
690:
688:
684:
679:
675:
668:
665:
661:
660:Suwalski 2000
656:
653:
650:, p. 50.
649:
644:
641:
638:, p. 45.
637:
632:
629:
626:, p. 42.
625:
620:
617:
613:
608:
605:
601:
596:
593:
588:
584:
577:
574:
570:
565:
562:
559:, p. 34.
558:
553:
551:
549:
545:
541:
528:
524:
520:
513:
510:
506:
495:. Gdansk: UIC
491:
484:
481:
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368:
361:
356:
353:
348:
341:
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333:
328:
321:
316:
315:
292:1,520 mm
270:1,435 mm
268:
267:
266:
260:
258:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:PKP Intercity
217:
207:
204:
201:
198:
197:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
179:Russian gauge
157:1,520 mm
131:1,435 mm
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
109:
106:
103:
101:Max axle load
100:
97:
95:Wheelset type
94:
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71:
64:
62:
60:
54:
50:
47:
44:
42:
34:
32:
30:
26:
22:
18:
1043:Track gauges
985:
981:
956:
952:
927:
923:
904:(in Polish).
901:
889:
877:
865:
853:
841:
833:
826:. Retrieved
822:
812:
800:
788:
780:
773:. Retrieved
766:the original
738:
731:. Retrieved
719:
715:
705:
680:(in Polish).
677:
667:
655:
643:
631:
619:
607:
595:
589:(in Polish).
586:
576:
564:
538:
531:. Retrieved
527:the original
522:
512:
504:
497:. Retrieved
483:
457:
448:Rail Baltica
437:
377:
264:
256:
239:
227:
213:
110:Rail gauges
88:
81:to 4 hours.
79:
76:
72:
68:
55:
51:
48:
45:
38:
19:is a Polish
16:
15:
420: [
85:Manufacture
1032:Categories
882:Graff 2016
870:Graff 2017
858:Graff 2016
846:Graff 2016
805:Graff 2017
793:Graff 2016
775:7 December
733:7 December
698:Graff 2016
648:Graff 2016
636:Graff 2016
624:Graff 2016
612:Graff 2016
600:Graff 2016
569:Graff 2016
557:Graff 2016
533:7 December
499:7 December
475:References
382:, Belarus
261:Deployment
240:Chełmoński
98:Bogie type
994:1232-3829
965:1232-3829
936:1232-3829
828:30 August
728:1648-4142
722:(2): 76.
716:Transport
454:Incidents
446:(part of
394:ZNTK Piła
374:, Ukraine
216:PKP Cargo
104:Max speed
65:Operation
41:PKP Cargo
29:Ilsenburg
540:through.
463:See also
434:network)
372:Mostyska
354:, Poland
352:Dorohusk
310: in
288: in
175: in
149: in
17:SUW 2000
1020:at the
1010:at the
718:(PDF).
432:PKP PLK
332:Mockava
305:⁄
283:⁄
236:Vilnius
199:P-057BK
185:P-064BK
170:⁄
144:⁄
115:P-053BK
35:History
992:
963:
934:
726:
244:Kraków
232:Warsaw
202:25AN/S
188:4RSa/N
107:Brakes
978:(PDF)
949:(PDF)
920:(PDF)
769:(PDF)
762:(PDF)
493:(PDF)
424:]
380:Brest
228:Balti
118:4RS/N
990:ISSN
961:ISSN
932:ISSN
830:2011
777:2008
735:2008
724:ISSN
720:XXII
535:2008
501:2008
442:and
290:) –
252:Lviv
248:Kiyv
222:and
31:).
1034::
986:24
980:.
957:23
951:.
922:.
832:.
821:.
779:.
747:^
737:.
714:.
686:^
547:^
537:.
521:.
503:.
422:pl
307:32
303:27
298:11
246:–
234:–
224:UZ
177:)
172:32
168:27
163:11
155:/
151:)
928:7
312:)
300:+
294:(
285:2
281:1
278:+
276:8
272:(
242:(
230:(
165:+
159:(
146:2
142:1
139:+
137:8
133:(
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