757:
1953:"It possesses a 'very marked sweet taste, being much sweeter than cane-sugar'. The taste is perfectly pure. The minutest quantity of the substance, a bit of its powder scarcely visible, if placed upon the tip of the tongue, causes a sensation of pleasant sweetness throughout the entire cavity of the mouth. As stated above, the substance is soluble to only a slight extent in cold water, but if a few drops of the cold aqueous solution be placed in an ordinary goblet full of water, the latter then tastes like the sweetest syrup. Its presence can hence easily be detected in the dilutest solutions by the taste."
746:
1079:
337:
205:
1127:
3769:
648:
33:
919:, "Everyone who ate that sweet corn was deceived. He thought he was eating sugar, when in point of fact he was eating a coal tar product totally devoid of food value and extremely injurious to health." But Roosevelt himself was a consumer of saccharin, and, in a heated exchange, Roosevelt angrily answered Wiley by stating, "Anybody who says saccharin is injurious to health is an idiot." The episode proved the undoing of Wiley's career.
850:
1001:, and high protein levels in their urine. One or more of the proteins that are more prevalent in male rats combine with calcium phosphate and saccharin to produce microcrystals that damage the lining of the bladder. Over time, the rat's bladder responds to this damage by overproducing cells to repair the damage, which leads to tumor formation. Since this does not occur in humans, there is no elevated risk of bladder cancer.
3780:
3800:
3810:
756:
3759:
3790:
2652:
24:
525:
736:
People with sulfonamide allergies can experience allergic reactions to saccharin, although it has been suggested that this may be due to a general predisposition to allergic reactions rather than a specific cross-reaction between antimicrobial sulfonamides and non-antimicrobial ones (like saccharin).
1004:
The delisting of saccharin led to legislation repealing the warning label requirement for products containing saccharin. In 2001, the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration and the state of California reversed their positions on saccharin, declaring it safe for consumption. The FDA's decision followed a
989:
not approve substances that "induce cancer in man, or, after tests, found to induce cancer in animals." Studies in laboratory rats during the early 1970s linked saccharin with the development of bladder cancer in rodents. As a consequence, all food containing saccharin was labeled with a warning
961:
The current status of saccharin is that it is allowed in most countries, and countries such as Canada have lifted their previous ban of it as a food additive. The claims that it is associated with bladder cancer were shown to be unfounded in experiments on primates. (It is, however, prohibited to
929:
More controversy was stirred in 1969 with the discovery of files from the FDA's investigations of 1948 and 1949. These investigations, which had originally argued against saccharin use, were shown to prove little about saccharin being harmful to human health. In 1977, the FDA made an attempt to
934:
in rats. The attempted ban was unsuccessful due to public opposition that was encouraged by industry advertisements, and instead the following label was mandated: "Use of this product may be hazardous to your health. This product contains saccharin which has been determined to cause cancer in
793:
in
Germany. Fahlberg would soon grow wealthy, while Remsen merely grew irritated, believing he deserved credit for substances produced in his laboratory. On the matter, Remsen commented, "Fahlberg is a scoundrel. It nauseates me to hear my name mentioned in the same breath with him."
3389:
1970:
1020:
has officially removed saccharin and its salts from their list of hazardous constituents and commercial chemical products. In a release in
December 2010, the EPA stated that saccharin is no longer considered a potential hazard to human health.
620:
Saccharin derives its name from the word "saccharine", meaning "sugary". The word saccharine is used figuratively, often in a derogative sense, to describe something "unpleasantly over-polite" or "overly sweet". Both words are derived from the
1862:(As discussed below, the relative contributions of Fahlberg and Remsen to the discovery were later contested, with no final resolution in sight; the 1879 paper announcing the discovery lists both names as authors, with Fahlberg's name first.)
784:
on his hand one evening, and connected this with the compound benzoic sulfimide on which he had been working that day. Fahlberg and Remsen published articles on benzoic sulfimide in 1879 and 1880. In 1884, then working on his own in
655:
Saccharin is heat-stable. It does not react chemically with other food ingredients; as such, it stores well. Blends of saccharin with other sweeteners are often used to compensate for each sweetener's weaknesses and faults. A 10:1
915:, then the director of the bureau of chemistry for the FDA, viewed it as an illegal substitution of a valuable ingredient, sugar, by a less valuable ingredient. In a clash that had career consequences, Wiley told President
1842:
789:, Fahlberg applied for patents in several countries, describing methods of producing this substance that he named saccharin. Two years later, he began production of the substance in a factory in a suburb of
935:
laboratory animals". That requirement was dropped in 2000 following new research that concluded humans reacted differently than rats and were not at risk of cancer at typical intake levels. (See also:
2548:
Jaroentomeechai T, Yingsukkamol PK, Phurat C, Somsook E, Osotchan T, Ervithayasuporn V (November 2012). "Synthesis and reactivity of nitrogen nucleophiles-induced cage-rearrangement silsesquioxanes".
2433:
2023:
3552:
2270:
1732:
1547:
Priebe PM, Kauffman GB (1980). "Making governmental policy under conditions of scientific uncertainty: a century of controversy about saccharin in
Congress and the laboratory".
538:
3517:
2408:
1603:
4098:
3547:
3003:
2515:
3507:
1838:
860:
660:–saccharin blend is common in countries where both these sweeteners are legal; in this blend, each sweetener masks the other's offtaste. Saccharin is often used with
2091:
2684:
2252:
3439:
3692:
3406:
2383:
386:
3630:
2437:
2015:
707:
3846:
2156:
1938:
1688:
904:
3468:
2291:
Whysner J, Williams GM (1996). "Saccharin mechanistic data and risk assessment: urine composition, enhanced cell proliferation, and tumor promotion".
1435:
997:
However, in 2000, the warning labels were removed because scientists learned that rodents, unlike humans, have a unique combination of high pH, high
3512:
3374:
991:
2326:
Dybing E (December 2002). "Development and implementation of the IPCS conceptual framework for evaluating mode of action of chemical carcinogens".
1746:
Strom, Brian L.; Schinnar, Rita; Apter, Andrea J.; Margolis, David J.; Lautenbach, Ebbing; Hennessy, Sean; Bilker, Warren B.; Pettitt, Dan (2003).
3482:
2477:
2464:
1006:
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In the 1970s, studies performed on laboratory rats found an association between consumption of high doses of saccharin and the development of
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1300:
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3487:
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below.) The sweetener has continued to be widely used in the United States and is now the third-most popular artificial sweetener behind
3664:
3542:
2069:
1874:
698:. However, further study determined that this effect was due to a mechanism that is not relevant to humans (deposition of crystals; see
2677:
2532:
2365:
1724:
1325:
801:, its use had not become widespread. Its popularity further increased during the 1960s and 1970s among dieters, since saccharin is a
4084:
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3572:
3497:
3276:
890:
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351:
2412:
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3522:
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3448:
966:
1399:
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of 1.6 (the acidic hydrogen being that attached to the nitrogen). Saccharin can be used to prepare exclusively disubstituted
1017:
4332:
3839:
3654:
3527:
3364:
3331:
1666:
238:
737:
Saccharin in toothpaste can cause burning sensations, swelling, and rashes of the mouth and lips in sensitive individuals.
4280:
3940:
3430:
3384:
2820:
2670:
2387:
2244:
1706:
1684:
545:
3659:
2099:
1321:"The Catalyzed Dehydration of Acetaldehyde Hydrate, and the Effect of Structure on the Velocity of Protolytic Reactions"
986:
294:
122:
4337:
3713:
3411:
3369:
2723:
1927:"On the Oxidation of Substitution Products of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. IV. – On the oxidation of orthotoluenesulphamide"
1010:
315:
2222:
4347:
3708:
1139:
496:
2047:
Federal, State, and
Territorial Reference Manual of Pure Food and Drug Law: Dunn's Pure Food and Drug Legal Manual
745:
4292:
4006:
3920:
3832:
3738:
3458:
1599:
965:
Saccharin was formerly on
California's list of chemicals known to the state to cause cancer for the purposes of
668:, so some sweetness remains should the fountain syrup be stored beyond aspartame's relatively short shelf life.
4011:
3600:
2961:
2953:
2796:
1073:. Oxidation of the methyl substituent gives the carboxylic acid, which cyclicizes to give saccharin free acid:
821:
777:
2144:
1926:
1680:
2120:
1086:
3580:
3492:
2933:
2808:
1662:
1078:
1066:
3793:
671:
In its acid form, saccharin is not water-soluble. The form used as an artificial sweetener is usually its
200:
4065:
3648:
3568:
3463:
3286:
3165:
1443:
908:
622:
1262:
162:
4203:
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3620:
3615:
3359:
3107:
750:
2656:
2177:
Takayama S, Sieber SM, Adamson RH, Thorgeirsson UP, Dalgard DW, Arnold LL, et al. (January 1998).
2611:
4232:
3905:
3783:
3097:
2926:
2781:
2331:
1965:
1334:
573:
45:
3799:
3743:
3502:
3200:
2179:"Long-term feeding of sodium saccharin to nonhuman primates: implications for urinary tract cancer"
1094:
1046:
765:
332:
88:
2612:"A New Method for the Preparation of Secondary Amines. I. Synthesis of Aliphatic Secondary Amines"
1702:
1034:
Saccharin can be produced in various ways. The original route by Remsen and
Fahlberg starts with
3401:
3354:
3296:
3180:
2852:
1572:
1510:
916:
797:
Although saccharin was commercialized not long after its discovery, until sugar shortages during
718:("not classifiable as to the carcinogenicity to humans") upon review of the subsequent research.
1126:
2045:
706:
studies have shown no evidence that saccharin is associated with bladder cancer in humans. The
647:
32:
4158:
4135:
3991:
3728:
3537:
3223:
2857:
2842:
2824:
2738:
2565:
2528:
2459:
2347:
2308:
2200:
1989:
1905:
1820:
1769:
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1488:
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1157:
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1058:
998:
2065:
1886:
4352:
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4216:
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4141:
4044:
3965:
3897:
3379:
3291:
3271:
3119:
3089:
2705:
2623:
2592:
2557:
2520:
2473:
2339:
2300:
2190:
1810:
1800:
1759:
1748:"Absence of Cross-Reactivity between Sulfonamide Antibiotics and Sulfonamide Nonantibiotics"
1728:
1630:
1556:
1522:
1478:
1470:
1342:
1195:
1185:
675:
665:
485:
409:
2372:
686:
intake. Both salts are highly water-soluble: 0.67 g/ml in water at room temperature.
303:
4028:
4018:
3996:
3986:
3595:
3301:
3263:
3233:
3079:
3012:
2877:
2862:
2786:
2753:
1997:
1266:
182:
2335:
1338:
926:. However, in 1912, Food Inspection Decision 142 stated that saccharin was not harmful.
336:
204:
142:
98:
3862:
3718:
2882:
2847:
2743:
1815:
1788:
1483:
1458:
1413:
1110:
1102:
982:
951:
931:
872:
833:
810:
695:
683:
516:
2343:
4326:
4223:
4209:
4197:
4174:
4145:
4119:
4001:
3723:
3243:
3051:
2912:
2892:
2803:
2768:
2304:
2152:
1391:
1153:
1039:
786:
474:
193:
1968:, Fahlberg, C. & List, A., "Manufacture of saccharine compounds"
1576:
1365:
4125:
4023:
3773:
3733:
3248:
3069:
3061:
3031:
2902:
2887:
2733:
2478:
10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19980803)37:13/14<1802::AID-ANIE1802>3.0.CO;2-9
1098:
1090:
923:
912:
715:
714:("possibly carcinogenic to humans") based on the rat studies, but downgraded it to
703:
2245:"Saccharin Delisted Effective April 6, 2001 as Known to the State to Cause Cancer"
1658:
930:
completely ban the substance, following studies showing that the substance caused
922:
In 1911, Food
Inspection Decision 135 stated that foods containing saccharin were
805:-free sweetener. In the United States, saccharin is often found in restaurants in
2628:
2462:, Prakash I, Walters DE (1998). "Commercial, Synthetic Nonnutritive Sweeteners".
1240:
283:
4131:
4060:
3803:
3763:
3349:
3306:
3238:
3218:
3195:
3170:
2974:
2969:
2947:
2940:
2897:
2867:
2837:
2693:
1210:
817:
798:
781:
730:
722:
1871:
Fahlberg's account of how he discovered the sweetness of saccharin appears in:
3950:
3564:
3316:
3281:
3210:
2997:
2872:
2832:
2701:
1526:
1474:
1180:
829:
825:
773:
597:
585:
443:
228:
173:
2524:
588:, especially at high concentrations. It is used to sweeten products, such as
572:, or used in saccharin sodium or saccharin calcium forms, is a non-nutritive
4274:
4262:
4238:
4168:
3970:
3955:
3915:
3610:
3321:
3253:
3228:
3190:
3155:
3147:
3129:
3102:
3046:
3023:
2991:
2986:
2776:
1805:
1635:
1618:
1200:
1170:
944:
940:
790:
661:
657:
605:
2569:
2351:
2195:
2178:
2001:
1993:
1824:
1773:
1644:
1568:
1492:
1347:
1320:
2651:
2312:
2218:
2204:
4304:
4298:
4149:
4107:
3585:
3175:
3124:
2980:
2920:
2748:
2718:
1764:
1747:
1114:
955:
769:
726:
609:
589:
220:
212:
2596:
4310:
4286:
4268:
4250:
3945:
3910:
3870:
3041:
2758:
2728:
2662:
1560:
1205:
1175:
1118:
1070:
1035:
802:
679:
636:
601:
581:
479:
228.8 to 229.7 °C (443.8 to 445.5 °F; 501.9 to 502.8 K)
464:
270:
3758:
2561:
725:
and no nutritional value. It is safe to consume for individuals with
23:
3930:
3925:
3185:
3143:
2713:
672:
577:
153:
4076:
1787:
Giles, Amber; Foushee, Jaime; Lantz, Evan; Gumina, Giuseppe (2019).
682:
salt is also sometimes used, especially by people restricting their
515:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
3824:
1988:. Easton, Pennsylvania: Journal of Chemical Education. p. 66.
824:
was founded in 1917 to produce saccharin at its
Paragon Works near
258:
3139:
2791:
1292:
1149:
755:
744:
646:
635:) meaning "gravel". Similarly, saccharose is an obsolete name for
593:
133:
121:
111:
2386:. National Toxicology Program. November 18, 2014. Archived from
806:
249:
4080:
3828:
2666:
360:
InChI=1S/C7H5NO3S/c9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)12(10,11)8-7/h1-4H,(H,8,9)
4191:
3036:
843:
370:
InChI=1/C7H5NO3S/c9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)12(10,11)8-7/h1-4H,(H,8,9)
1457:
Chattopadhyay S, Raychaudhuri U, Chakraborty R (April 2014).
859:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
626:
2583:
Ragnarsson U, Grehn L (May 2002). "Novel
Gabriel reagents".
1902:
The 100 Most Important Chemical Compounds: A Reference Guide
1839:"Toothpaste Allergy: Yes, You Can be Allergic to Toothpaste"
320:
4155:
2411:. National Cancer Institute. August 5, 2009. Archived from
2371:. National Toxicology Program. pp. 2–4. Archived from
2121:"Approved additives and E numbers | Food Standards Agency"
1725:"Are Artificial Sweeteners Safe for People With Diabetes?"
1619:"Artificial sweeteners--do they bear a carcinogenic risk?"
2434:"EPA Removes Saccharin from Hazardous Substances Listing"
2491:
Bungard G (1967). "Die Süßstoffe" [Sweeteners].
1515:
Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin
1243:. PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 13 June 2023
836:
in London. Production continued on the site until 1926.
2366:"Report on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition, Appendix B"
1904:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 241.
936:
868:
533:
2068:. California State Board of Health. 1921. p. 21.
1513:[On the oxidation of orthotoluenesulphamide].
816:
Because of the difficulty of importing sugar from the
2269:. Associated Press via Telegraph-Herald. 1973-05-22.
213:
1085:
In 1950, an improved synthesis was developed at the
4053:
4037:
3979:
3895:
3879:
3860:
3701:
3639:
3563:
3518:
2024 United Kingdom Shigatoxigenic E. coli outbreak
3340:
3262:
3209:
3138:
3088:
3060:
3022:
2911:
2819:
2767:
2700:
237:
1013:to remove saccharin from its list of carcinogens.
1703:"Low-Calorie Sweeteners: What's News, What's New"
907:began investigating saccharin as a result of the
612:. It appears as white crystals and is odorless.
977:In 1958, the United States Congress amended the
832:. Production was licensed and controlled by the
282:
1314:
1312:
1156:via a nucleophilic substitution, followed by a
97:
2516:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
2145:"Saccharin cleared for use in foods in Canada"
1289:NCERT Chemistry Part II Textbook for Class XII
962:mail saccharin tablets or packets to France.)
4092:
3840:
2678:
1511:"Über die Oxydation des Orthotoluolsulfamids"
857:The examples and perspective in this section
8:
3693:Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition
3508:2017–2018 South African listeriosis outbreak
3407:1985 Austrian diethylene glycol wine scandal
3631:United Kingdom food information regulations
1504:
1502:
708:International Agency for Research on Cancer
608:, and for masking the bitter taste of some
4099:
4085:
4077:
3847:
3833:
3825:
2685:
2671:
2663:
2508:
2506:
1542:
1540:
905:United States Food and Drug Administration
875:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
710:(IARC) originally classified saccharin in
335:
203:
181:
15:
3469:2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak
2627:
2194:
1814:
1804:
1763:
1634:
1482:
1346:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1065:isomer is separated and converted to the
937:§ Warning label addition and removal
891:Learn how and when to remove this message
764:Saccharin was produced first in 1879, by
302:
3513:2018 Australian strawberry contamination
3375:Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident
2183:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
992:Saccharin Study and Labeling Act of 1977
651:Sodium salt of saccharin, a white powder
3483:2011 United States listeriosis outbreak
2465:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
1360:
1358:
1223:
1007:Department of Health and Human Services
391:
356:
331:
3498:2015 Mozambique funeral beer poisoning
3075:Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
2458:Ager DJ, Pantaleone DP, Henderson SA,
1925:Remsen I, Fahlberg C (February 1880).
1617:Weihrauch MR, Diehl V (October 2004).
1590:
1588:
1586:
1463:Journal of Food Science and Technology
194:
1138:The free acid of saccharin has a low
979:Food, Drugs, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
580:that is about 500 times sweeter than
363:Key: CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
161:
141:
7:
3789:
3677:Institute for Food Safety and Health
3417:Australian meat substitution scandal
3385:Moroccan oil poisoning disaster 1959
3161:Arsenic contamination of groundwater
2092:"Saccharin's mostly sweet following"
809:packets; the most popular brand is "
3809:
3665:Food Information and Control Agency
2436:. December 14, 2010. Archived from
2255:from the original on 10 March 2011.
373:Key: CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYAR
273:
257:
2409:"Artificial Sweeteners and Cancer"
1596:"Artificial Sweeteners and Cancer"
1459:"Artificial sweeteners - a review"
1326:Proceedings of the Royal Society A
973:Warning label addition and removal
14:
4185:Additional chemicals (E1100–1599)
3887:Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein
3682:International Food Safety Network
3606:International Food Safety Network
3327:Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
3277:Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein
3004:Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic
1665:, Environmental Health Sciences.
954:, saccharin is also known by the
3936:Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates
3808:
3798:
3788:
3779:
3778:
3767:
3757:
3687:Ministry of Food and Drug Safety
3523:Kobayashi red yeast rice scandal
3454:2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak
3449:ICA meat repackaging controversy
2650:
2636:from the original on 2017-10-03.
2072:from the original on 2017-03-14.
2054:from the original on 2017-03-13.
1735:from the original on 2016-10-02.
1713:from the original on 2016-03-04.
1691:from the original on 2015-11-28.
1669:from the original on 2016-02-27.
1606:from the original on 2015-12-08.
1533:from the original on 2013-05-13.
1424:from the original on 2006-03-23.
1402:from the original on 2007-03-03.
1125:
1077:
848:
749:Saccharin, historical wrapping,
523:
427:
421:
31:
22:
3626:Quality Assurance International
3533:Food safety incidents in Taiwan
3503:2017 Brazil Operation Weak Meat
3397:1971 Iraq poison grain disaster
3312:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
2293:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
2273:from the original on 2021-12-23
2225:from the original on 2013-04-04
2159:from the original on 2021-05-15
2026:from the original on 2010-04-28
1941:from the original on 2021-02-24
1845:from the original on 2020-03-29
1752:New England Journal of Medicine
1018:Environmental Protection Agency
1005:2000 determination by the U.S.
990:meeting the requirement of the
969:, but it was delisted in 2001.
584:, but has a bitter or metallic
519:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
3880:Artificial protein substitutes
3655:European Food Safety Authority
3528:Food safety incidents in China
3365:1858 Bradford sweets poisoning
3332:Water fluoridation controversy
1319:Bell RP, Higginson WC (1949).
436:
430:
415:
1:
4281:Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
3941:Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
2585:Accounts of Chemical Research
2344:10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00266-4
2090:Conis E (December 27, 2010).
1707:American Diabetes Association
1685:American Diabetes Association
1509:Fahlberg C, Remsen I (1879).
3660:Food and Drug Administration
3342:Food contamination incidents
2629:10.1248/yakushi1947.72.2_270
2305:10.1016/0163-7258(96)00069-1
1875:"The inventor of saccharine"
1442:. NCSU. 2006. Archived from
1045:. Sulfonation of toluene by
1038:; another route begins with
987:Food and Drug Administration
699:
3714:Food and drink prohibitions
3488:Bihar school meal poisoning
3412:United Kingdom BSE outbreak
3370:1900 English beer poisoning
2724:Antibiotic use in livestock
2513:Lipinski GW. "Sweeteners".
1900:Myers RL, Myers RL (2007).
1011:National Toxicology Program
871:, discuss the issue on the
54:-1λ,2-Benzothiazole-1,1,3(2
4371:
3709:Curing (food preservation)
2782:Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
2610:Sugasawa S, Abe K (1952).
2243:Sun M (28 December 2015).
2016:"Sugar: A Cautionary Tale"
1263:"Saccharin (CAS: 81-07-2)"
1093:. In this synthesis, the
627:
4293:Aspartame-acesulfame salt
4115:
3921:Aspartame-acesulfame salt
3752:
3739:Genetically modified food
3591:Food labeling regulations
3459:2008 Chinese milk scandal
2219:"USPS Mailing Conditions"
1931:American Chemical Journal
1659:"Saccharin: FDA Agencies"
1600:National Cancer Institute
1527:10.1002/cber.187901201135
1475:10.1007/s13197-011-0571-1
1097:successively reacts with
822:British Saccharin Company
690:Safety and health effects
513:
402:
382:
347:
81:
64:
44:
39:
30:
21:
4181:Miscellaneous (E900–999)
3980:Natural food substitutes
3601:Food safety in Australia
2797:High-fructose corn syrup
2525:10.1002/14356007.a26_023
1134:Properties and reactions
778:Johns Hopkins University
459:White crystalline solid
3581:Acceptable daily intake
3493:2013 horse meat scandal
2934:Clostridium perfringens
2519:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
2493:Der Deutscher Apotheker
1885:(3): 36. Archived from
1873:Anon. (July 17, 1886).
1806:10.3390/pharmacy7030132
1789:"Sulfonamide Allergies"
1663:University of Minnesota
1436:"Sweetener Comparisons"
1087:Maumee Chemical Company
768:, a chemist working on
394:O=C2c1ccccc1S(=O)(=O)N2
70:ortho-benzoic sulfimide
4066:List of food additives
3649:Centre for Food Safety
3464:2008 Irish pork crisis
3166:Benzene in soft drinks
2384:"Saccharin index page"
1986:The Life of Ira Remsen
1440:Food Ingredient Series
1348:10.1098/rspa.1949.0055
958:(additive code) E954.
909:Pure Food and Drug Act
903:Starting in 1907, the
761:
753:
666:carbonated soft drinks
652:
4333:Benzoisothiazolinones
3671:Food Standards Agency
3621:Organic certification
3616:Nutrition facts label
3360:Esing Bakery incident
3148:environment pollution
1950:From pages 430–431:
1636:10.1093/annonc/mdh256
1295:. 2021. p. 449.
840:Government regulation
780:. Fahlberg noticed a
759:
751:Sugar Museum (Berlin)
748:
650:
221:(glazing agents, ...)
73:ortho sulphobenzimide
3906:Acesulfame potassium
3440:2006 North American
3098:Acesulfame potassium
2927:Campylobacter jejuni
2821:Intestinal parasites
2694:Consumer food safety
2659:at Wikimedia Commons
2472:(13–24): 1802–1823.
2196:10.1093/jnci/90.1.19
1765:10.1056/nejmoa022963
1121:to yield saccharin:
985:to mandate that the
869:improve this section
574:artificial sweetener
46:Preferred IUPAC name
3744:Conspiracy theories
3297:Heterocyclic amines
3201:Shellfish poisoning
2597:10.1021/ar00010a001
2550:Inorganic Chemistry
2336:2002Toxgy.181..121D
2267:"Saccharin warning"
1879:Scientific American
1681:"Common Terms: S–Z"
1339:1949RSPSA.197..141B
1095:methyl anthranilate
1047:chlorosulfonic acid
766:Constantin Fahlberg
486:Solubility in water
451: g·mol
18:
4338:E-number additives
4136:acidity regulators
3992:Coffee substitutes
3402:Toxic oil syndrome
3355:Swill milk scandal
3181:Diethylstilbestrol
2853:Diphyllobothriasis
2330:. 181–182: 121–5.
2066:"Monthly Bulletin"
1984:Getman FH (1940).
1623:Annals of Oncology
1561:10.1007/BF01096124
1059:sulfonyl chlorides
917:Theodore Roosevelt
762:
754:
653:
546:Infobox references
16:
4348:Sugar substitutes
4320:
4319:
4169:Flavour enhancers
4163:anticaking agents
4074:
4073:
3898:sugar substitutes
3822:
3821:
3729:Food preservation
3538:Foodborne illness
3090:Sugar substitutes
2843:Cryptosporidiosis
2825:parasitic disease
2739:HGH controversies
2706:food contaminants
2655:Media related to
2562:10.1021/ic3015145
2096:Los Angeles Times
1911:978-0-313-33758-1
1758:(17): 1628–1635.
1333:(1049): 141–159.
1302:978-81-7450-716-7
1191:Steviol glycoside
1158:Gabriel synthesis
1107:hydrochloric acid
999:calcium phosphate
901:
900:
893:
776:'s laboratory at
721:Saccharin has no
576:. Saccharin is a
554:Chemical compound
552:
551:
316:CompTox Dashboard
123:Interactive image
4360:
4204:Improving agents
4198:Synthetic glazes
4101:
4094:
4087:
4078:
4029:Salt substitutes
4019:Milk substitutes
3987:Cheese analogues
3966:Sodium cyclamate
3855:Artificial foods
3849:
3842:
3835:
3826:
3812:
3811:
3802:
3792:
3791:
3782:
3781:
3774:Drink portal
3772:
3771:
3770:
3762:
3761:
3673:(United Kingdom)
3422:Jack in the Box
3393:
3380:Minamata disease
3292:Food irradiation
3272:4-Hydroxynonenal
3120:Sodium cyclamate
2963:Escherichia coli
2955:Escherichia coli
2687:
2680:
2673:
2664:
2654:
2638:
2637:
2631:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2556:(22): 12266–72.
2545:
2539:
2538:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2379:
2377:
2370:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2198:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2098:. Archived from
2087:
2074:
2073:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2050:. p. 1327.
2044:Dunn CW (1913).
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1956:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1818:
1808:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1767:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1729:Cleveland Clinic
1721:
1715:
1714:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1638:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1592:
1581:
1580:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1486:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1372:. 16 August 2022
1362:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1237:
1196:Sugar substitute
1186:Sodium cyclamate
1129:
1081:
896:
889:
885:
882:
876:
852:
851:
844:
630:
629:
536:
530:
527:
526:
450:
438:
432:
429:
423:
417:
410:Chemical formula
340:
339:
324:
322:
306:
286:
275:
261:
241:
215:
207:
196:
185:
165:
145:
125:
101:
35:
26:
19:
4370:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4229:
4210:Packaging gases
4188:
4111:
4105:
4075:
4070:
4049:
4033:
3997:Egg substitutes
3975:
3891:
3875:
3863:fat substitutes
3856:
3853:
3823:
3818:
3768:
3766:
3764:Food portal
3756:
3748:
3697:
3635:
3596:Food libel laws
3559:
3387:
3336:
3302:Modified starch
3264:Food processing
3258:
3205:
3134:
3084:
3080:Sodium benzoate
3056:
3018:
3013:Vibrio cholerae
2907:
2878:Gnathostomiasis
2863:Fasciolopsiasis
2815:
2763:
2754:Mercury in fish
2696:
2691:
2647:
2642:
2641:
2616:Yakugaku Zasshi
2609:
2608:
2604:
2591:(10): 285–289.
2582:
2581:
2577:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2535:
2512:
2511:
2504:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2443:
2441:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2418:
2416:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2393:
2391:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2299:(1–2): 225–52.
2290:
2289:
2285:
2276:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2228:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2162:
2160:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2129:
2127:
2125:www.food.gov.uk
2119:
2118:
2114:
2105:
2103:
2089:
2088:
2077:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2027:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1944:
1942:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1848:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1594:
1593:
1584:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1318:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1267:Merck Millipore
1261:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1166:
1146:
1136:
1032:
1027:
975:
897:
886:
880:
877:
866:
853:
849:
842:
772:derivatives in
743:
704:Epidemiological
692:
645:
639:(table sugar).
618:
555:
548:
543:
542:
541: ?)
532:
528:
524:
520:
505:
491:1 g per 290 mL
488:
448:
435:
426:
420:
412:
398:
395:
390:
389:
378:
375:
374:
371:
365:
364:
361:
355:
354:
343:
325:
318:
309:
289:
276:
264:
244:
231:
188:
168:
148:
128:
115:
104:
91:
77:
76:
60:
59:
12:
11:
5:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4325:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4254:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4228:
4227:
4224:Foaming agents
4221:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4153:
4139:
4129:
4123:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4081:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4057:
4055:
4054:Related topics
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4002:Meat analogues
3999:
3994:
3989:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3829:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3806:
3796:
3786:
3776:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3719:Food marketing
3716:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3702:Related topics
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3645:
3643:
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3636:
3634:
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3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
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3505:
3500:
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3485:
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3471:
3466:
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3451:
3446:
3437:
3428:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3287:Food additives
3284:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
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3150:
3136:
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3133:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3009:
3001:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2913:Microorganisms
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2883:Paragonimiasis
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2848:Cyclosporiasis
2845:
2840:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2769:Food additives
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2744:Lead poisoning
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2646:
2645:External links
2643:
2640:
2639:
2622:(2): 270–273.
2602:
2575:
2540:
2534:978-3527306732
2533:
2502:
2483:
2450:
2425:
2400:
2378:on 2016-05-20.
2357:
2318:
2283:
2258:
2235:
2210:
2169:
2136:
2112:
2075:
2057:
2036:
2007:
1976:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1937:(6): 426–439.
1917:
1910:
1892:
1889:on 2017-03-14.
1881:. new series.
1864:
1855:
1830:
1779:
1738:
1731:. 2015-06-29.
1716:
1694:
1672:
1650:
1629:(10): 1460–5.
1609:
1602:. 2005-08-18.
1582:
1536:
1498:
1449:
1446:on 2019-01-20.
1427:
1418:etymonline.com
1405:
1383:
1354:
1308:
1301:
1280:
1254:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
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1203:
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1183:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1144:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1111:sulfur dioxide
1103:sodium nitrite
1083:
1082:
1043:-chlorotoluene
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
983:Delaney clause
974:
971:
967:Proposition 65
952:European Union
932:bladder cancer
899:
898:
863:of the subject
861:worldwide view
856:
854:
847:
841:
838:
834:Board of Trade
742:
739:
700:§ History
696:bladder cancer
691:
688:
684:dietary sodium
644:
641:
617:
614:
566:benzosulfimide
560:, also called
553:
550:
549:
544:
522:
521:
517:standard state
514:
511:
510:
507:
503:
493:
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4:
3:
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4330:
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4312:
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4291:
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4276:
4273:
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4147:
4143:
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4130:
4127:
4126:Preservatives
4124:
4121:
4118:
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4109:
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4097:
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4090:
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3730:
3727:
3725:
3724:Food politics
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3700:
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3691:
3689:(South Korea)
3688:
3685:
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3553:United States
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3474:2011 Germany
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3431:1996 Odwalla
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3093:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3062:Preservatives
3059:
3053:
3052:Methamidophos
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3002:
3000:
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2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2950:
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2943:
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2938:
2936:
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2929:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:Toxoplasmosis
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
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2841:
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2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2804:Vegetable oil
2802:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
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2709:
2707:
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2669:
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2665:
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2649:
2648:
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2630:
2625:
2621:
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2606:
2603:
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2590:
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2579:
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2555:
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2541:
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2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2509:
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2503:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2454:
2451:
2440:on 2010-12-24
2439:
2435:
2429:
2426:
2415:on 2015-12-08
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2390:on 2016-03-07
2389:
2385:
2374:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2284:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2236:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2158:
2154:
2153:Health Canada
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2102:on 2011-02-17
2101:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2040:
2037:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1555:(4): 556–74.
1554:
1550:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1469:(4): 611–21.
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1396:Reference.com
1393:
1387:
1384:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:
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1313:
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1304:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1242:
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1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
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1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1154:alkyl halides
1151:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1002:
1000:
995:
993:
988:
984:
980:
972:
970:
968:
963:
959:
957:
953:
948:
946:
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938:
933:
927:
925:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
895:
892:
884:
874:
870:
864:
862:
855:
846:
845:
839:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
795:
792:
788:
787:New York City
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
758:
752:
747:
740:
738:
734:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
689:
687:
685:
681:
677:
674:
669:
667:
663:
659:
649:
642:
640:
638:
634:
624:
615:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
547:
540:
535:
518:
512:
508:
502:
498:
495:
494:
490:
487:
483:
482:
478:
476:
475:Melting point
473:
472:
468:
466:
463:
462:
458:
455:
454:
447:
445:
442:
441:
414:
411:
407:
406:
401:
392:
388:
381:
367:
357:
353:
346:
338:
334:
333:DTXSID5021251
330:
329:
327:
317:
313:
312:
305:
301:
300:
298:
296:
293:
292:
285:
281:
280:
278:
272:
268:
267:
260:
256:
255:
253:
251:
248:
247:
240:
236:
235:
233:
230:
226:
225:
222:
218:
216:
211:
210:
206:
202:
199:
197:
195:ECHA InfoCard
192:
191:
184:
180:
179:
177:
175:
172:
171:
164:
160:
159:
157:
155:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
137:
135:
132:
131:
124:
120:
119:
117:
113:
108:
107:
100:
96:
95:
93:
90:
86:
85:
80:
72:
69:
68:
63:
57:
53:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
25:
20:
4256:
4233:Acesulfame K
4215:
4180:
4132:Antioxidants
4024:Phyllodulcin
3960:
3734:Food quality
3641:Institutions
3475:
3441:
3432:
3423:
3307:Nitrosamines
3114:
3070:Benzoic acid
3032:Chlorpyrifos
3011:
3005:
2996:
2979:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2903:Trichuriasis
2888:Toxocariasis
2858:Enterobiasis
2734:Formaldehyde
2619:
2615:
2605:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2514:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2469:
2463:
2460:Katritzky AR
2453:
2442:. Retrieved
2438:the original
2428:
2417:. Retrieved
2413:the original
2403:
2392:. Retrieved
2388:the original
2381:Linked from
2373:the original
2360:
2327:
2321:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2275:. Retrieved
2261:
2248:
2238:
2227:. Retrieved
2213:
2189:(1): 19–25.
2186:
2182:
2172:
2161:. Retrieved
2149:AgCanada.com
2148:
2139:
2128:. Retrieved
2124:
2115:
2104:. Retrieved
2100:the original
2095:
2060:
2046:
2039:
2028:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
1985:
1979:
1960:
1943:. Retrieved
1934:
1930:
1920:
1901:
1895:
1887:the original
1882:
1878:
1867:
1858:
1847:. Retrieved
1833:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1719:
1697:
1675:
1653:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1552:
1548:
1518:
1514:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1444:the original
1439:
1430:
1417:
1414:"Saccharine"
1408:
1395:
1392:"Saccharine"
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1369:
1330:
1324:
1288:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1257:
1245:. Retrieved
1141:
1137:
1099:nitrous acid
1091:Toledo, Ohio
1084:
1062:
1057:substituted
1054:
1050:
1040:
1033:
1015:
1003:
996:
976:
964:
960:
949:
928:
921:
913:Harvey Wiley
902:
887:
881:October 2015
878:
858:
815:
796:
763:
735:
720:
693:
670:
654:
632:
619:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:
500:
163:ChEMBL310671
82:Identifiers
65:Other names
55:
51:
4175:Antibiotics
4150:emulsifiers
4146:stabilisers
4061:Food safety
3896:Artificial
3861:Artificial
3814:WikiProject
3651:(Hong Kong)
3388: [
3350:Devon colic
3224:Breast milk
3196:Nonylphenol
3171:Bisphenol A
3108:controversy
2975:Hepatitis E
2970:Hepatitis A
2948:Enterovirus
2941:Cronobacter
2898:Trichinosis
2868:Fasciolosis
2838:Anisakiasis
2809:controversy
2702:Adulterants
1521:: 469–473.
1366:"Saccharin"
1241:"Saccharin"
1211:Phthalimide
1117:, and then
1067:sulfonamide
1030:Preparation
924:adulterated
818:West Indies
811:Sweet'n Low
799:World War I
782:sweet taste
731:prediabetes
723:food energy
702:section).
598:baked goods
469:0.828 g/cm
456:Appearance
403:Properties
201:100.001.202
143:CHEBI:32111
4327:Categories
4226:(E990–999)
4219:(E950–969)
4217:Sweeteners
4212:(E930–949)
4206:(E920–929)
4200:(E910–919)
4194:(E900–909)
4177:(E700–799)
4171:(E600–699)
4165:(E500–599)
4159:regulators
4152:(E400–499)
4142:Thickeners
4138:(E300–399)
4128:(E200–299)
4122:(E100–199)
3951:NutraSweet
3565:Regulation
3548:death toll
3317:Shortening
3282:Acrylamide
3211:Food fraud
3191:Mycotoxins
3024:Pesticides
2998:Salmonella
2873:Giardiasis
2833:Amoebiasis
2777:Flavorings
2444:2011-01-14
2419:2016-02-29
2394:2016-02-29
2328:Toxicology
2277:2011-06-09
2229:2013-04-07
2163:2022-02-24
2130:2024-05-02
2106:2011-01-14
2030:2010-06-20
1945:2022-02-24
1849:2020-03-29
1799:(3): 132.
1273:August 22,
1218:References
1181:Saccharose
1049:gives the
830:Lancashire
826:Accrington
774:Ira Remsen
643:Properties
606:excipients
604:products,
586:aftertaste
562:saccharine
444:Molar mass
304:FST467XS7D
229:IUPHAR/BPS
174:ChemSpider
110:3D model (
89:CAS Number
17:Saccharin
4275:Thaumatin
4263:Sucralose
4257:Saccharin
4245:Cyclamate
4239:Aspartame
4108:E numbers
3971:Sucralose
3961:Saccharin
3956:Nutrinova
3916:Aspartame
3611:ISO 22000
3573:watchdogs
3569:standards
3543:outbreaks
3444:outbreaks
3322:Trans fat
3234:Olive oil
3156:Aflatoxin
3130:Sucralose
3115:Saccharin
3103:Aspartame
3047:Malathion
2992:Rotavirus
2987:Norovirus
2657:Saccharin
1966:US 319082
1370:Drugs.com
1291:. Delhi:
1201:Sucralose
1171:Aspartame
1025:Chemistry
981:with the
945:aspartame
941:sucralose
873:talk page
791:Magdeburg
662:aspartame
658:cyclamate
633:sakkharon
616:Etymology
610:medicines
558:Saccharin
4305:Lactitol
4299:Maltitol
3804:Cookbook
3784:Category
3586:E number
3478:outbreak
3435:outbreak
3426:outbreak
3176:Dieldrin
3125:Sorbitol
2981:Listeria
2921:Botulism
2749:Melamine
2719:Aldicarb
2634:Archived
2570:23134535
2352:12505296
2271:Archived
2253:Archived
2223:Archived
2157:Archived
2070:Archived
2052:Archived
2024:Archived
2002:6411359M
1939:Archived
1843:Archived
1825:31514363
1793:Pharmacy
1774:14573734
1733:Archived
1711:Archived
1689:Archived
1667:Archived
1645:15367404
1604:Archived
1577:40526005
1569:11611011
1531:Archived
1493:24741154
1422:Archived
1400:Archived
1164:See also
1115:chlorine
956:E number
867:You may
770:coal tar
727:diabetes
712:Group 2B
664:in diet
628:σάκχαρον
214:E number
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4353:Sultams
4343:Lactams
4311:Xylitol
4287:Neotame
4269:Alitame
4251:Isomalt
4120:Colours
4110:950–969
3946:Neotame
3911:Alitame
3871:Olestra
3794:Commons
3667:(Spain)
3476:E. coli
3442:E. coli
3433:E. coli
3424:E. coli
3244:Seafood
3144:poisons
3042:Lindane
3006:E. coli
2965:O157:H7
2957:O104:H4
2759:Sudan I
2729:Cyanide
2332:Bibcode
2313:8910956
2205:9428778
2020:FDA.gov
1994:2640159
1816:6789825
1549:Minerva
1484:3982014
1376:15 June
1335:Bibcode
1247:15 June
1206:Xylitol
1176:Neotame
1119:ammonia
1071:ammonia
1036:toluene
950:In the
803:calorie
760:1893 ad
741:History
716:Group 3
680:calcium
637:sucrose
602:tobacco
594:candies
582:sucrose
539:what is
537: (
497:Acidity
465:Density
271:PubChem
99:81-07-2
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3926:Dulcin
3249:Shrimp
3186:Dioxin
3140:Toxins
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590:drinks
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387:SMILES
259:D01085
154:ChEMBL
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625:word
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