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31:
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363:(hard, bony flap that protects the gills). The color in females is plainer with spotted opercula. Its size is dependent on how old the fish is. A Sacramento perch at age 1 would measure 6–13 cm, at age 2 it would be 12–19 cm, and the growth rate will begin to slow. The largest of this species ever recorded was 73 cm
495:
systems. Aquaponics farms in
California are incorporating the use of this endangered species in their systems for growing vegetables. This also serves as a restoration project for breeding Sacramento perch in order to release them back into native waters and add diversity to the wild population. With
469:
them, but spawning can also occur side by side with sperm and egg being released at the same time. The male cares for the fertilized eggs for several days until they hatch, defending them against predators. When the eggs hatch they are tiny planktonic fish which rise to the surface to feed and grow
354:
This species is a deep-bodied fish with long dorsal and anal fins. The mouth is large with numerous small teeth found on its jaws, tongue, and roof of its mouth. Its scales are large and brown on the sides and top of the fish and create a metallic greenish-purple shine. The
Sacramento perch is most
460:
occurs from late March through early August, with peak times being late May and Early June when water temperatures are between 18 and 29 °C. The
Sacramento perch reaches breeding age at 2–3 years old. The perch gather in shallow waters usually where there are rock piles, submerged roots, or
269:
The
Sacramento perch's native habitat is in sluggish, heavily vegetated, waters of sloughs and lakes. It can reach a maximum overall length of 73 cm (29 in) and a maximum weight of 1.4 kg (3.1 lb), and it has been reported to live as long as nine years. Its adaptability to
496:
the rising temperatures in
California, the mosquito population has been growing. A study shows that Sacramento perch bred in captivity prefer eating mosquito larvae. These results show that this species has the potential to be used to help control these growing populations in California
512:, where the Sacramento perch were abundant at one time but due to the construction of heavy infrastructure, could not persist. This species is now being reintroduced upstream of its native habitats in gravel pit ponds. However, due to limited genetic diversity,
379:
at elevations below 100 m. The
Sacramento perch was very popular for recreational fishing. It was so abundant that this species was commonly used as a food fish eaten regularly. It inhabited sloughs, slow-moving rivers of the
448:
larvae. Smaller perches mostly feed on small crustaceans and as they grow larger move on to aquatic insects and even other fish. This fish is most active at dawn and dusk, but can feed at any time of the day or night.
461:
other substrates nearby. The males each defend their own small territories and dig nests for the females to lay their eggs in. These nest areas are vigorously defended from other males by chasing, biting, and flaring
696:
Schwartz, May, R.S., B. (2008). "Genetic
Evaluation of Isolated Populations for use in Reintroductions Reveals Significant Genetic Bottlenecks in Potential Stocks of Sacramento Perch".
520:. To prevent this, reintroduction programs have been pulling only the most diverse fish from current populations and closely monitoring the diversity of the new populations using
483:
The
Sacramento perch is a very resilient species of fish with a wide range of diet. It is adapted to withstand low water clarity, high temperatures, even water with high
723:
1052:
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and other surface organisms. The
Sacramento perch is an opportunistic species and will generally prey upon whatever is in abundance and have even been shown to eat
1114:
1181:
413:
1026:
1065:
615:
247:
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midge larvae and pupae found on the bottom or in aquatic plants during winter months. During the summer months, this fish will mostly feed on
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833:
1206:
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500:. Although populations of Sacramento perch are not as numerous today as they were in the past, many programs today are focusing on
1153:
54:
1196:
898:
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607:
270:
different habitats is high, and it can survive on a wide variety of food sources. As young perch, they consume mainly small
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belongs to the family
Centrarchidae. This family mainly includes species of sunfish. Although called the Sacramento perch,
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74:
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populations of Sacramento perch that are still maintaining themselves and those reside in Clear Lake and
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806:
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761:
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flaps at each other. Females spawn by releasing their eggs into the nest followed by the male quickly
1000:
412:. Sacramento perch are quite rare now and found primarily in warm, turbid, and alkaline farm ponds,
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425:
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39:
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all-tackle world record for the species stands at 1.44 kg (3 lb 3 oz) caught from
202:
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356:
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identifiable by its irregular vertical bars. Breeding males and females are slightly sexually
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1083:
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360:
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Newell, C. (2013). "Pudah Creek and Cashe Creek as Suitable Habitats for Sacramento Perch".
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457:
315:
738:
30:
521:
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Aquatic insects are critical to the Sacramento perch's diet. This fish mostly feeds on
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116:
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Bay Delta Fish You've Never Heard Of: Sacramento Perch; by Chris Clarke; July 9, 2015
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Miller, C. (2011). "Preliminary Report on Feeding Trials of Sacramento Perch".
491:, which is why this native species has been chosen as the primary fish used in
513:
492:
416:, and recreational lakes that it has been introduced into. There are only two
271:
259:
891:
533:
86:
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for a couple weeks before settling down into the vegetation at the bottom.
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396:. This species has been eliminated from 90% of its natural habitat due to
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652:
488:
484:
445:
441:
346:
references the irregular vertical bar markings on the sides of the fish.
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106:
992:
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1018:
497:
342:, derives from the Greek άρχος (ruler) and οπλίτης (bearing a shield).
709:
1044:
96:
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them across California waterways again. Potential habitats include
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275:
537:
1005:
915:
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Historically, the Sacramento perch was found throughout the
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359:in color. The males become darker and have purple
297:strictly speaking; the perches are members of the
762:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697611A93624242.en
262:, but widely introduced throughout the western
698:Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
683:. University of California Press, pp. 376–380.
586:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T202432A2744850.en
310:. This species is also the only member of the
8:
722:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
424:drainage as well as gravel pit ponds in the
912:
48:
29:
20:
760:
584:
616:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
553:
324:is currently the only species of genus
815:
804:
715:
532:The Sacramento perch is considered a
7:
781:
779:
691:
689:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
634:
632:
748:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
572:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
242:) is an endangered sunfish (family
248:Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
14:
278:and then smaller fish as adults.
274:and eventually move on to insect
1182:IUCN Red List endangered species
876:
862:
73:
737:BirdLife International (2016).
899:New International Encyclopedia
332:had originally assigned it to
1:
377:Central Valley of California
1192:Endemic fauna of California
681:Inland Fishes of California
1228:
1207:Salinas River (California)
741:Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
410:interspecific competition
314:that resides west of the
208:
201:
182:
175:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
893:"Sacramento Perch"
755:: e.T22697611A93624242.
642:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
474:Relationship with people
956:Archoplites interruptus
926:Archoplites interruptus
884:Archoplites interruptus
870:Archoplites interruptus
646:Archoplites interruptus
610:Archoplites interruptus
565:Archoplites interruptus
544:in California in 1995.
388:rivers, and lakes with
287:Archoplites interruptus
239:Archoplites interruptus
212:Centrarchus interruptus
186:Archoplites interruptus
1197:Fish described in 1854
814:Cite journal requires
516:has occurred in these
1141:Paleobiology Database
579:: e.T202432A2744850.
220:Centrarchus maculosus
873:at Wikimedia Commons
561:NatureServe (2013).
518:isolated populations
338:. The generic name,
834:"Perch, Sacramento"
679:Moyle, P.B. (1976)
656:. May 2023 version.
479:Restoration efforts
426:Calaveras Reservoir
398:habitat destruction
390:emergent vegetation
168:A. interruptus
40:Conservation status
408:fish species, and
1212:San Joaquin River
1169:
1168:
1128:Open Tree of Life
918:Taxon identifiers
867:Media related to
788:Fisheries Science
710:10.1577/t07-241.1
230:
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24:Sacramento perch
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1202:Sacramento River
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881:Data related to
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704:(6): 1764–1777.
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453:Breeding pattern
246:) native to the
234:Sacramento perch
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612:(Girard, 1854)"
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522:genetic markers
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16:Species of fish
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11:
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887:at Wikispecies
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857:External links
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816:|journal=
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640:Froese, Rainer
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322:A. interruptus
306:in the family
291:A. interruptus
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1187:Centrarchinae
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502:reintroducing
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402:egg predation
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264:United States
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256:Salinas River
253:
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244:Centrarchidae
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177:Binomial name
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137:Centrarchidae
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842:. Retrieved
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807:cite journal
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787:
766:. Retrieved
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718:cite journal
701:
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619:. Retrieved
609:
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590:. Retrieved
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542:Crowley Lake
531:
482:
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371:Distribution
365:total length
353:
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312:centrarchids
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215:Girard, 1854
211:
185:
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167:
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147:
146:
18:
1102:NatureServe
1040:iNaturalist
950:Wikispecies
768:13 November
592:13 November
506:Putah Creek
467:fertilizing
350:Description
344:Interruptus
340:Archoplites
335:Centrarchus
326:Archoplites
272:crustaceans
223:Ayres, 1854
148:Archoplites
127:Perciformes
1176:Categories
548:References
514:inbreeding
510:Clear Lake
493:aquaponics
489:alkalinity
438:chironomid
414:reservoirs
394:Clear Lake
260:California
55:Endangered
534:game fish
463:opercular
357:dimorphic
293:is not a
258:areas in
162:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1107:2.104724
1058:11278899
1014:FishBase
941:Q2152200
935:Wikidata
844:June 15,
838:igfa.org
653:FishBase
498:wetlands
485:salinity
458:Spawning
446:mosquito
442:plankton
406:invasive
392:such as
361:opercula
308:Percidae
282:Taxonomy
203:Synonyms
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1159:1021622
1032:2394479
902:. 1905.
528:Angling
386:Salinas
316:Rockies
196:, 1854)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1146:348677
1133:778317
1120:201701
1084:202432
1071:168175
1006:207374
990:ECOS:
970:151209
840:. IGFA
621:22 May
536:; the
418:native
382:Pajaro
330:Girard
328:, but
276:larvae
254:, and
252:Pajaro
194:Girard
156:, 1861
1154:WoRMS
1091:NAS:
1053:IRMNG
1045:94516
983:67Q8C
303:Perca
299:genus
295:perch
1115:NCBI
1079:IUCN
1066:ITIS
1027:GBIF
1019:3362
993:2307
965:BOLD
846:2019
820:help
770:2021
753:2016
724:link
623:2023
594:2021
577:2013
538:IGFA
508:and
487:and
432:Diet
384:and
232:The
154:Gill
1094:374
1001:EoL
978:CoL
757:doi
706:doi
702:137
581:doi
404:by
1178::
1156::
1143::
1130::
1117::
1104::
1081::
1068::
1055::
1042::
1029::
1016::
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980::
967::
952::
937::
896:.
836:.
811::
809:}}
805:{{
778:^
751:.
745:.
720:}}
716:{{
700:.
688:^
662:^
650:.
631:^
614:.
575:.
569:.
524:.
428:.
400:,
367:.
318:.
266:.
250:,
848:.
822:)
818:(
790:.
772:.
759::
743:"
739:"
726:)
712:.
708::
648:"
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625:.
608:"
596:.
583::
567:"
563:"
236:(
192:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
