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647:. This may persist, to a reduced degree, for days. The combined effect may result in a panic state in the user, a particularly dangerous situation in someone temporarily deprived of useful vision; users are prone to serious accidental injury. Scopolamine induces respiratory depression at hallucinogenic doses. The combination of anesthesia (in the hospital) and
350:
that grows 30 cm to 1.5 m tall and wide. The leaves are broad and rounded at the base, tapering to a point, often with wavy margins. The flowers are the most striking feature, being sweetly fragrant white trumpets up to 20 cm (7.9 in) long, sometimes tinted purple, especially at the
692:
as described here: "Last
Christmas somebody gave me a whole Jimson weed – the root must have weighed two pounds; enough for a year – but I ate the whole goddamn thing in about twenty minutes... Luckily, I vomited most of it right back up. But even so, I went blind for three days. Christ I couldn't
684:
308:
often called it "Indian whiskey" because of its ritual intoxicating use by many tribes; the name "sacred datura" has the same origin. Other common names include "Indian apple", "California jimson weed" and "nightshade" (not to be confused with
351:
margin. Five narrow points are spaced symmetrically around the rim. The plants often can be seen as a ground vine in habit, growing close to the ground and spreading in a very exposed environment with full direct sunlight (cleared roadside).
693:
even walk! My whole body turned to wax. I was such a mess that they had to haul me back to the ranch house in a wheelbarrow... they said I was trying to talk, but I sounded like a raccoon." Due to the fact that Dr. Gonzo presumably lived in
667:(1887–1986) painted "jimson weed" several times. She was fond of the flowers, which grew wild around her New Mexico house. These paintings of the exotic white pinwheel blooms, hugely magnified, are among her most familiar works. In 2014
355:, blooms from April through October. In clear weather, flowers open in the morning and evening and close during the heat of the day (depending on water availability); in cloudy weather, they may open earlier and last longer.
599:; concentrations vary widely between samples, and onset is slow. This makes dosage estimation difficult and adds further risk to the administration of material that already has potentially lethal side effects.
561:
to drink. This was supposed to be a spiritual challenge to the boy to help him develop the spiritual well-being required to become a man. Not all of the boys survived. The Zuni people also use the plant for
1565:
574:
purposes. The root pieces are chewed by a robbery victim to determine the identity of the thief. The powdered root is also used by rain priests in a number of ways to ensure fruitful rains.
417:
states, as far north as
Eastern Washington, in open / disturbed land and along roadsides with well-drained (sandy) soils. However it is perhaps most naturally abundant in the region of
493:
Sacaton red-on-buff plate, ca. 950-1150 AD. This was a common decorative motif on ancient Native
American pottery. Note the opening spiral of the bud on the photo at top of this page.
759:
585:
has also been used to induce hallucination for recreational purposes. Internal use of the plant material can induce auditory and visual hallucinations similar to those of
1555:
1545:
1331:
1077:
671:, a record price for a female artist's work. Given the location of O'Keeffe's residence in the New Mexico desert, it is likely that she saw 'western' jimson weed.
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projecting (making the stems dull at the edges and brighter, greener or shiny along the centre where the hairs project toward the eye). The flowers of
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In
Australia, it has been recorded as a garden escapee in New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia.
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as both are hairy with hanging spined fruits. They can be differentiated by the hairs on the stems and stalks, which for
701:
during this time, this encounter was likely also with the "western jimsonweed" species as well. It could have also been
477:
plants. Unlike other types of datura, the roots are considered the most potent and alkaloid-rich part of this species.
473:
and may be fatal if ingested by humans, livestock, or pets. In some places, it is prohibited to buy, sell or cultivate
1178:
1165:
855:
Intermountain Flora; Vascular Plants of the
Intermountain West, U.S.A., vol. 4. Subclass Asteridae (except Asteraceae)
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by
Chumash, Tongva, and others. Among the Chumash, when a boy was 8 years old, his mother gave him a preparation of
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226:
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631:- along with the afore-mentioned hallucinations and sensory distortions. These compounds also induce a profound
59:
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615:, profuse sweating, decreased sweating, impairment, drowsiness, restlessness, lethargy, illusions, changes in
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The seeds are borne in a spiny, globular capsule 3 to 4 cm in diameter, which opens when fully ripe.
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176:
275:
851:
Arthur
Cronquist; Arthur H. Holmgren; Noel H. Holmgren; James L. Reveal; Patricia K. Holmgren (1984).
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are densely appressed (visually and in photos this makes the stems look near-uniformly dull) and for
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941:
Stevenson, Matilda Coxe 1915 Ethnobotany of the Zuni
Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #30 (p. 46, 48)
290:
Common names in the US include "sacred thorn-apple" or "hairy thornapple", and sometimes "western
1507:
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1271:
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1073:
International
Brugmansia and Datura Society - extensive information on species, cultivation, etc.
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958:
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268:, and named it after him. The correct spelling since is with one "i", per ICN article 60C.2.
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are larger (14-26 cm) and have 5 cusps, with stigmas above the anthers often exserted, vs.
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886:
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688:. In part 2, chapter 5 of the book, a jimsonweed experience is recounted by the character
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Healing with medicinal plants of the west - cultural and scientific basis for their use
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84:
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Fear and
Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream
685:
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream
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of root and flower meal applied to wounds to promote healing. The Zuni used
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smaller (12-16 cm) with often 10 cusps and stigmas below the anthers. and
264:
described the species in 1859 from material collected in Texas by botanist
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as well as fevers as high as 43 °C (109 °F) have been reported.
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Remarkable Plants of Texas: Uncommon Accounts of Our Common Natives
901:"Datura wrightii (Solanaceae), a neglected xenophyte, new to Spain"
1323:
1245:
1046:"Hunter S. Thompson, 67, Author, Commits Suicide (Published 2005)"
484:
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988:"Tate Modern to show iconic flower painting by Georgia O'Keeffe"
809:
Theodore F. Niehaus; Charles L. Ripper; Virginia Savage (1984).
596:
1232:
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421:. It is also commonly planted as an ornamental, especially in
889:
from Devil's Punchbowl Natural Area, accessed 16 June 2006
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http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=art60#60C.2
651:
is usually fatal due to combined respiratory depression.
919:
Brugmansia and Datura: Angel's Trumpets and Thorn Apples
921:. Buffalo, New York: Firefly Books. pp. 120–123.
591:, with the active compounds being concentrated in the
1072:
537:
has been the site of various toloache (datura) based
1566:
Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
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1011:"Georgia O'Keeffe and the $ 44 Million Jimson Weed"
813:
A Field Guide to Southwestern and Texas Wildflowers
784:International Code of Nomenclature, Article 60C.2,
852:
810:
330:. In Mexico, people call this and similar species
603:is the primary active molecule; it is related to
271:The scientific name has frequently been given as
49:Sacred datura in bloom, with opening bud below.
917:Preissel, Ulrike; Preissel, Hans-Georg (2002).
27:Species of plant in southwestern North America
8:
846:
844:
842:
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639:, resulting in considerable degradation of
300:due to both species having toothed leaves.
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957:. University of Texas Press. p. 209.
489:Unfolding Sacred Datura buds painted on a
40:
31:
804:
802:
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611:activity. Effects may include dry mouth,
278:, but this name is actually a synonym of
724:
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1556:Flora of the Southwestern United States
754:
752:
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729:Cecilia Garcia; James D. Adams (2005).
716:
669:one such painting sold for $ 44 million
1546:Flora of the California desert regions
1571:Taxa named by Eduard August von Regel
7:
1500:8851a5b3-cdd9-4169-80e1-aab862e6bdf1
1412:0e5fe7bf-4274-4f5e-bfa6-64d95e4bebe3
553:and has been used in ceremonies and
506:, the powdered root is given as an
466:plants contain dangerous levels of
1044:O'Donnell, Michelle (2005-02-21).
25:
859:. The New York Botanical Garden.
1474:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:815620-1
294:" because of its resemblance to
58:
1009:Rile, Karen (1 December 2014).
514:for surgery. They also apply a
413:and the adjoining southwestern
1:
760:"Factsheet - Datura wrightii"
526:while broken bones were set.
373:has often been confused with
1078:Datura wrightii at CalPhotos
817:. Houghton Mifflin Company.
766:. South Australian Herbarium
522:as a way to render patients
346:It is a vigorous herbaceous
233:. It is sometimes used as a
1551:North American desert flora
674:The plant is an element of
1592:
607:, with a similar, largely
455:
227:Southwestern United States
1031:Thompson, Hunter (1971).
182:
175:
55:Scientific classification
53:
48:
39:
34:
1576:Plants described in 1859
951:Turner, Matt W. (2009).
764:Flora of South Australia
643:, often to the point of
402:Distribution and habitat
237:due to its psychoactive
1561:Native American culture
262:Eduard August von Regel
880:Toloache (Jimson Weed)
494:
440:
366:
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409:is found in northern
364:
221:flower of the family
990:. Tate. 1 March 2018
663:The American artist
645:functional blindness
245:is classified as an
206:, commonly known as
629:anterograde amnesia
535:Southern California
419:Southern California
1050:The New York Times
885:2006-10-28 at the
791:2021-11-16 at the
676:Hunter S. Thompson
659:In popular culture
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441:
367:
1523:
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1420:Open Tree of Life
1089:Taxon identifiers
964:978-0-292-71851-7
635:and suppress eye
617:visual perception
588:Datura stramonium
471:tropane alkaloids
458:Datura (Toxicity)
429:characteristics.
297:Datura stramonium
273:Datura meteloides
229:and northwestern
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18:Sacred Datura
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1049:
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1004:
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763:
730:
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683:
680:roman à clef
673:
662:
648:
613:hyperthermia
586:
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578:Recreational
558:
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304:settlers in
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235:hallucinogen
217:species and
207:
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185:
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104:
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1448:kew-2757870
1358:NatureServe
1306:iNaturalist
1121:Wikispecies
695:Los Angeles
601:Scopolamine
524:unconscious
504:Zuni people
425:due to its
389:D. wrightii
381:D. wrightii
371:D. wrightii
353:D. wrightii
342:Description
292:Jimson weed
243:D. wrightii
98:Angiosperms
1541:Deliriants
1530:Categories
1443:Plant List
1191:Calflora:
1055:2023-08-10
1017:19 January
994:19 January
711:References
699:California
572:divinatory
564:ceremonial
508:anesthetic
502:Among the
423:xeriscapes
393:D. innoxia
385:D. innoxia
369:In Europe
306:California
302:Anglophone
281:D. innoxia
223:Solanaceae
219:ornamental
144:Solanaceae
1254:FloraBase
690:Dr. Gonzo
633:mydriasis
625:psychosis
539:religions
530:Religious
498:Medicinal
348:perennial
332:tolguacha
250:deliriant
239:alkaloids
212:poisonous
162:Species:
134:Solanales
68:Kingdom:
1495:VicFlora
1487:29600168
1482:Tropicos
1384:NSWFlora
1363:2.140378
1337:10588790
1324:815620-1
1215:eFloraSA
1112:Q1897331
1106:Wikidata
883:Archived
789:Archived
770:11 April
678:'s 1971
653:Seizures
637:saccades
621:delirium
605:atropine
549:to some
516:poultice
512:narcotic
452:Toxicity
436:Prickly
336:toloache
323:and the
319:call it
256:Taxonomy
140:Family:
124:Asterids
111:Eudicots
1397:NTFlora
1285:2928741
682:novel,
568:magical
491:Hohokam
427:ruderal
397:NSW Key
325:Chumash
315:). The
312:Solanum
210:, is a
150:Genus:
130:Order:
72:Plantae
1536:Datura
1456:PLANTS
1425:549356
1409:NZOR:
1376:434267
1298:102363
1233:581036
1184:673700
1158:239038
1155:APDB:
1135:AoFP:
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925:
863:
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649:Datura
570:, and
547:sacred
520:Datura
510:and a
475:Datura
464:Datura
411:Mexico
317:Tongva
231:Mexico
155:Datura
1461:DAWR2
1432:PFI:
1350:30521
1332:IRMNG
1311:58331
1267:FoAO2
1246:DATWR
1207:34B7P
1171:81238
1145:APA:
904:(PDF)
597:roots
559:momoy
415:U. S.
365:Seeds
334:. or
328:momoy
321:manit
285:Mill.
276:Dunal
193:Regel
118:Clade
105:Clade
92:Clade
79:Clade
1469:POWO
1435:8810
1402:5544
1371:NCBI
1345:ITIS
1319:IPNI
1293:GRIN
1280:GBIF
1259:6965
1241:EPPO
1194:2622
1179:BOLD
1166:APNI
1148:3534
1138:4434
1019:2019
996:2019
959:ISBN
923:ISBN
861:ISBN
819:ISBN
772:2020
735:ISBN
627:and
595:and
481:Uses
1508:WFO
1228:EoL
1202:CoL
545:is
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